CN105699203A - Test device and method for measuring compressive strength of building materials under ambient pressure - Google Patents
Test device and method for measuring compressive strength of building materials under ambient pressure Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
本发明公开了一种测量建筑材料在围压下抗压强度的试验装置，包括底座、反力架、竖向加载装置和横向加载装置，所述反力架设置在底座中部，所述反力架的两侧对称设有横向加载装置，所述反力架的横梁上向下设有竖向加载装置，所述竖向加载装置底部与承压装置连接，所述承压装置包括上承压装置和下承压装置，所述上承压装置和下承压装置之间中心位置设有半球形支撑，所述上承压装置和下承压装置通过安装在下承压装置顶面四个角上的导向杆连接，所述导向杆穿过上承压装置，且在上承压装置的上方部分套装有弹簧，所述弹簧顶部设有压板，所述压板通过拧紧在导向杆上的螺母固定。本发明能够同时对试样加载围压荷载和竖向荷载，能够实现不同围压荷载下试样的最大抗压强度。
The invention discloses a test device for measuring the compressive strength of building materials under confining pressure, which comprises a base, a reaction force frame, a vertical loading device and a lateral loading device. The two sides of the frame are symmetrically provided with horizontal loading devices, and the crossbeam of the reaction frame is provided with a vertical loading device downwards, and the bottom of the vertical loading device is connected with the pressure-bearing device, and the pressure-bearing device includes an upper pressure-bearing device. The upper pressure device and the lower pressure device are provided with a hemispherical support at the center between the upper pressure device and the lower pressure device, and the upper pressure device and the lower pressure device are installed on the four corners of the top surface of the lower pressure device. The guide rod on the top is connected, the guide rod passes through the upper pressure-bearing device, and a spring is set on the upper part of the upper pressure-bearing device, the top of the spring is provided with a pressure plate, and the pressure plate is fixed by a nut tightened on the guide rod . The invention can simultaneously load the sample with confining pressure load and vertical load, and can realize the maximum compressive strength of the sample under different confining pressure loads.
Description
技术领域technical field
本发明属于建筑材料(主要是混凝土以及混凝土复合材料为主)检测技术领域，具体涉及一种测量建筑材料在围压下抗压强度的试验装置及方法。The invention belongs to the technical field of detection of building materials (mainly concrete and concrete composite materials), and in particular relates to a test device and method for measuring the compressive strength of building materials under confining pressure.
背景技术Background technique
随着我国经济的快速发展，土木工程行业也在高速的发展着。越来越多的材料被用于土木工程中，伴随着越来越多的材料及结构形式的出现，更加推动了土木工程行业的发展。混凝土结构作为当代土木和水利工程中应用最多的结构类型，已广泛应用于水利工程、民用建筑、道路与桥梁、海工与港口、核电站与军事防护等工程。在混凝土结构中，给予混凝以横向的围压，来加强混凝土竖向抗压强度的结构逐渐应用广泛。例如，一种新型的复合材料轮胎-土就是利用轮胎来对内部填料进行横向的约束，提供围压，来提高该复合单元体的抗压强度。这些材料都涉及到一个围压的问题，即：在提供一定的围压的情况下，该材料的竖向抗压强度能提高多少，能提高到什么程度。有很多的结构都是利用横向的围压，来提高该结构或材料的竖向抗压强度的，所以该装置的发明是很有必要的。With the rapid development of my country's economy, the civil engineering industry is also developing at a high speed. More and more materials are used in civil engineering, and with the emergence of more and more materials and structural forms, the development of the civil engineering industry has been further promoted. As the most widely used structural type in contemporary civil and hydraulic engineering, concrete structures have been widely used in hydraulic engineering, civil buildings, roads and bridges, marine engineering and ports, nuclear power plants and military protection projects. In the concrete structure, the structure that gives the concrete a horizontal confining pressure to strengthen the vertical compressive strength of the concrete is widely used gradually. For example, a new type of composite material tire-soil uses tires to laterally restrain the inner filler and provide confining pressure to increase the compressive strength of the composite unit. These materials all involve a problem of confining pressure, that is, how much and to what extent can the vertical compressive strength of the material be increased under the condition of providing a certain confining pressure. There are many structures that use horizontal confining pressure to increase the vertical compressive strength of the structure or material, so the invention of this device is very necessary.
发明内容Contents of the invention
本发明为了解决上述问题，提出了一种测量建筑材料在围压下抗压强度的试验装置及方法，本发明能够同时对试样加载围压荷载和竖向荷载，能够实现不同围压荷载下试样的最大抗压强度。In order to solve the above problems, the present invention proposes a test device and method for measuring the compressive strength of building materials under confining pressure. The present invention can simultaneously load the sample with confining pressure load and vertical load, and can realize The maximum compressive strength of the specimen.
为了实现上述目的，本发明采用如下技术方案：In order to achieve the above object, the present invention adopts the following technical solutions:
一种测量建筑材料在围压下抗压强度的试验装置，包括底座、反力架、竖向加载装置和横向加载装置，所述反力架设置在底座中部，所述反力架的两侧对称设有横向加载装置，所述反力架的横梁上向下设有竖向加载装置，所述竖向加载装置底部与承压装置连接，所述承压装置包括上承压装置和下承压装置，所述上承压装置和下承压装置之间中心位置设有半球形支撑，所述上承压装置和下承压装置通过安装在下承压装置顶面四个角上的导向杆连接，所述导向杆穿过上承压装置，且在上承压装置的上方部分套装有弹簧，所述弹簧顶部设有压板，所述压板通过拧紧在导向杆上的螺母固定。A test device for measuring the compressive strength of building materials under confining pressure, comprising a base, a reaction force frame, a vertical loading device and a lateral loading device, the reaction force frame is arranged in the middle of the base, and the two sides of the reaction force frame A horizontal loading device is symmetrically provided, and a vertical loading device is provided downward on the crossbeam of the reaction frame, and the bottom of the vertical loading device is connected with a pressure device, and the pressure device includes an upper pressure device and a lower bearing A pressure device, a hemispherical support is provided at the center between the upper pressure device and the lower pressure device, and the upper pressure device and the lower pressure device pass through the guide rods installed on the four corners of the top surface of the lower pressure device connected, the guide rod passes through the upper pressure-bearing device, and a spring is sleeved on the upper part of the upper pressure-bearing device, and a pressure plate is provided on the top of the spring, and the pressure plate is fixed by a nut tightened on the guide rod.
所述横向加载装置包括第一立柱、升降装置和围压加载装置，所述第一立柱的一个立面上设有能够升降的升降装置，所述升降装置上水平设有围压加载装置。The lateral loading device includes a first column, a lifting device and a confining pressure loading device. A lifting device capable of lifting is provided on a vertical surface of the first column, and a confining pressure loading device is horizontally provided on the lifting device.
所述升降装置包括导轨，滑块、承重台和竖向驱动装置，所述导轨上装有能够沿导轨上下滑动的滑块，所述滑块上固定有承重台，所述承重台下方设有竖向驱动装置。The lifting device includes a guide rail, a slider, a load-bearing platform and a vertical drive device. The guide rail is equipped with a slider that can slide up and down along the guide rail. A load-bearing platform is fixed on the slider. to the drive unit.
所述承重台的横截面呈L型。The cross-section of the bearing platform is L-shaped.
所述围压加载装置包括围压传感器、围压驱动装置、围压连接杆和围压加载板，所述围压传感器的一端固定在升降装置上，另一端与围压驱动装置的一端连接，所述围压驱动装置的另一端与围压连接杆的一端连接，所述围压连接杆的另一端固定有围压加载板，所述围压传感器、围压驱动装置和围压连接杆同轴。The confining pressure loading device includes a confining pressure sensor, a confining pressure driving device, a confining pressure connecting rod and a confining pressure loading plate, one end of the confining pressure sensor is fixed on the lifting device, and the other end is connected to one end of the confining pressure driving device, The other end of the confining pressure driving device is connected to one end of the confining pressure connecting rod, the other end of the confining pressure connecting rod is fixed with a confining pressure loading plate, the confining pressure sensor, the confining pressure driving device and the confining pressure connecting rod are axis.
所述围压加载板为圆弧型半圆形板。The confining pressure loading plate is an arc-shaped semicircular plate.
所述竖向加载装置包括顶压驱动装置、顶压传感器和平衡底板，所述顶压传感器固定在反力架上，所述定压驱动装置的顶部与顶压传感器连接，底部与承压装置连接，所述承压装置的下方设有平衡底板。The vertical loading device includes a top pressure driving device, a top pressure sensor and a balance bottom plate, the top pressure sensor is fixed on the reaction force frame, the top of the constant pressure driving device is connected to the top pressure sensor, and the bottom is connected to the pressure receiving device connection, and a balance bottom plate is provided under the pressure-bearing device.
所述反力架由两个竖直平行设置的第二立柱和连接两个第二立柱顶端的横梁组成，所述横梁底面的中心向下设有顶压驱动装置。The reaction frame is composed of two vertically parallel second uprights and a crossbeam connecting the tops of the two second uprights, and the center of the bottom surface of the crossbeam is provided with a push-down driving device.
所述竖向驱动装置、围压驱动装置和顶压驱动装置为气缸、液压缸或者千斤顶。The vertical driving device, the confining pressure driving device and the top pressure driving device are air cylinders, hydraulic cylinders or jacks.
使用一种测量建筑材料在围压下抗压强度的试验装置及方法的试验方法，包括以下步骤：A test method using a test device and method for measuring the compressive strength of building materials under confining pressure, comprising the following steps:
(1)检查试验装置各部件的完整性和灵活性，确保试验装置能够正常运行；(1) Check the integrity and flexibility of each component of the test device to ensure the normal operation of the test device;
(2)调整竖向驱动装置，使承重台上下运动，直至围压加载板与试样高度对应，并调整围压驱动装置，向试样施加设定的横向荷载；(2) Adjust the vertical driving device to move the load-bearing table up and down until the confining pressure loading plate corresponds to the height of the sample, and adjust the confining pressure driving device to apply the set lateral load to the sample;
(3)保持试样的横向荷载不变，调整顶压驱动装置对试样施加竖向荷载，当试样破坏时记录最大竖向荷载；(3) Keep the lateral load of the sample unchanged, adjust the top pressure driving device to apply a vertical load to the sample, and record the maximum vertical load when the sample is damaged;
(4)更换试样，改变横向荷载数值，重复步骤(2)～(3)；(4) Replace the sample, change the lateral load value, and repeat steps (2) to (3);
(5)绘制莫尔圆，并绘制出莫尔圆的切线，得到试样的C值和值。(5) draw Mohr's circle, and draw the tangent of Mohr's circle, obtain the C value of sample and value.
本发明的有益效果为：The beneficial effects of the present invention are:
(1)本发明能够同时对试样加载围压荷载和竖向荷载，能够实现不同围压荷载下试样的最大抗压强度；(1) The present invention can simultaneously load the sample with confining pressure load and vertical load, and can realize the maximum compressive strength of the sample under different confining pressure loads;
(2)本发明结构简单，设计合理，能够提供准确的实验数据。(2) The present invention has simple structure, reasonable design, and can provide accurate experimental data.
附图说明Description of drawings
图1为本发明整体结构示意图；Fig. 1 is a schematic diagram of the overall structure of the present invention;
图2为本发明横向加载装置示意图；Fig. 2 is a schematic diagram of the lateral loading device of the present invention;
图3为本发明竖向加载装置示意图；Fig. 3 is a schematic diagram of the vertical loading device of the present invention;
图4为本发明承压装置示意图；Fig. 4 is a schematic diagram of a pressure-bearing device of the present invention;
其中，1、底座，2、竖向加载装置，3、横向加载装置，4、第一立柱，5、导轨，6、滑块，7、承重台，8、微压传感器，9、围压驱动装置，10、围压连接杆，11、围压加载板，12、竖向驱动装置，13、第二立柱，14、横梁，15、顶压驱动装置，16、承压装置，17、平衡底板，161、上承压装置，162、下承压装置，163、导向杆，164、弹簧，165、半球形支撑。Among them, 1. Base, 2. Vertical loading device, 3. Horizontal loading device, 4. First column, 5. Guide rail, 6. Slider, 7. Bearing platform, 8. Micro pressure sensor, 9. Confining pressure drive Device, 10. Confining pressure connecting rod, 11. Confining pressure loading plate, 12. Vertical driving device, 13. Second column, 14. Beam, 15. Top pressure driving device, 16. Pressure bearing device, 17. Balance base plate , 161, upper pressure device, 162, lower pressure device, 163, guide rod, 164, spring, 165, hemispherical support.
具体实施方式：detailed description:
下面结合附图与实施例对本发明作进一步说明。The present invention will be further described below in conjunction with the accompanying drawings and embodiments.
如图1所示，一种测量建筑材料在围压下抗压强度的试验装置，包括底座1、反力架、竖向加载装置2和横向加载装置3，所述反力架设置在底座1中部，所述反力架的两侧对称设有横向加载装置3。所述反力架由两个竖直平行设置的第二立柱13和连接两个第二立柱13顶端的横梁14组成，所述横梁14底面的中心向下设有顶压驱动装置15，所述反力架的横梁14上向下设有竖向加载装置2，所述竖向加载装置2底部与承压装置16连接，两个横向加载装置3对称设置能够对底座1起一定的平衡作用，使整台设备中重心位于底座1的中心，竖向加载装置2用于对试样施加竖直方向的荷载；横向加载装置3有两个，分别设置在竖向加载装置2的两侧，并呈对称设置，对试样的两侧施加荷载，形成试样的围压。As shown in Figure 1, a test device for measuring the compressive strength of building materials under confining pressure includes a base 1, a reaction frame, a vertical loading device 2 and a lateral loading device 3, and the reaction frame is arranged on the base 1 In the middle, lateral loading devices 3 are arranged symmetrically on both sides of the reaction frame. The reaction frame is composed of two vertically parallel second columns 13 and a beam 14 connecting the tops of the two second columns 13. The center of the bottom surface of the beam 14 is provided with a pressing drive device 15 downwards. The crossbeam 14 of the reaction force frame is provided with a vertical loading device 2 downwards, the bottom of the vertical loading device 2 is connected with the pressure bearing device 16, and the symmetrical arrangement of the two lateral loading devices 3 can play a certain balancing role on the base 1. Make the center of gravity of the whole device at the center of the base 1, and the vertical loading device 2 is used to apply a vertical load to the sample; there are two lateral loading devices 3, which are respectively arranged on both sides of the vertical loading device 2, and It is arranged symmetrically, and loads are applied to both sides of the sample to form the confining pressure of the sample.
如图2所示，所述横向加载装置3包括第一立柱4、升降装置和围压加载装置，所述第一立柱4的一个立面上设有能够升降的升降装置，所述升降装置上水平设有围压加载装置。所述升降装置包括导轨5，滑块6、承重台7和竖向驱动装置12，所述导轨5上装有能够沿导轨5上下滑动的滑块6，所述滑块6上固定有承重台7，所述承重台7下方设有竖向驱动装置12。所述承重台7的横截面呈L型。所述围压加载装置包括围压传感器8、围压驱动装置9、围压连接杆10和围压加载板11，所述围压传感器8的一端固定在升降装置上，另一端与围压驱动装置9的一端连接，所述围压驱动装置9的另一端与围压连接杆10的一端连接，所述围压连接杆10的另一端固定有围压加载板11，所述围压传感器8、围压驱动装置9和围压连接杆10同轴。所述围压加载板11为圆弧型半圆形板。具体的，在使用过程中，启动竖向驱动装置12，使安装在滑块6上的称重台沿导轨5运动，实现围压加载装置的升降，用以调整围压加载装置的上下位置，调整完围压加载装置的上下位置后，启动围压驱动装置9，使围压加载板11对试样进行围压加载，当围压传感器8到达设定荷载时，使围压驱动装置9停止加载。As shown in Figure 2, the lateral loading device 3 includes a first column 4, a lifting device and a confining pressure loading device, and a lifting device capable of lifting is provided on a vertical surface of the first column 4. On the lifting device A confining pressure loading device is provided horizontally. Described lifting device comprises guide rail 5, slide block 6, bearing platform 7 and vertical driving device 12, described guide rail 5 is equipped with the slide block 6 that can slide up and down along guide rail 5, and described slide block 6 is fixed with load bearing platform 7 , a vertical drive device 12 is provided below the load-bearing platform 7 . The cross section of the bearing platform 7 is L-shaped. The confining pressure loading device includes a confining pressure sensor 8, a confining pressure driving device 9, a confining pressure connecting rod 10 and a confining pressure loading plate 11. One end of the confining pressure sensor 8 is fixed on the lifting device, and the other end is connected to the confining pressure driving device. One end of the device 9 is connected, the other end of the confining pressure driving device 9 is connected to one end of the confining pressure connecting rod 10, the other end of the confining pressure connecting rod 10 is fixed with a confining pressure loading plate 11, and the confining pressure sensor 8 , the confining pressure driving device 9 and the confining pressure connecting rod 10 are coaxial. The confining pressure loading plate 11 is an arc-shaped semicircular plate. Specifically, during use, the vertical driving device 12 is activated to make the weighing platform installed on the slider 6 move along the guide rail 5 to realize the lifting of the confining pressure loading device to adjust the upper and lower positions of the confining pressure loading device, After adjusting the upper and lower positions of the confining pressure loading device, start the confining pressure driving device 9 to make the confining pressure loading plate 11 carry out confining pressure loading on the sample, and when the confining pressure sensor 8 reaches the set load, stop the confining pressure driving device 9 load.
如图3所示，所述竖向加载装置2包括顶压驱动装置15、顶压传感器和平衡底板17，所述顶压传感器固定在反力架上，所述顶压驱动装置15的顶部与顶压传感器连接，底部与承压装置16连接，所述承压装置16的下方设有平衡底板17。平衡底板17位于底座1的上表面，位置在承压装置16的正下方，如图4所示，所述承压装置16包括上承压装置161和下承压装置162，所述上承压装置161和下承压装置162之间中心位置设有半球形支撑165，所述上承压装置161和下承压装置162通过安装在下承压装置162顶面四个角上的导向杆163连接，所述导向杆163穿过上承压装置161，且在上承压装置161的上方部分套装有弹簧164，所述弹簧164顶部设有压板，所述压板通过拧紧在导向杆163上的螺母固定。选定围压荷载值后，启动顶压驱动装置15对试样进行竖直方向加载荷载，直至试样被破坏，记录试样破坏时的最大值。As shown in Figure 3 , the vertical loading device 2 includes a pressing driving device 15, a pressing sensor and a balance base plate 17, the pressing sensor is fixed on the reaction frame, and the top of the pressing driving device 15 is connected to the The top pressure sensor is connected, and the bottom is connected with the pressure-bearing device 16, and a balance bottom plate 17 is provided below the pressure-bearing device 16. The balance bottom plate 17 is located on the upper surface of the base 1, directly below the pressure bearing device 16, as shown in Figure 4, the pressure bearing device 16 includes an upper pressure bearing device 161 and a lower pressure bearing device 162, the upper pressure bearing device A hemispherical support 165 is provided at the center between the device 161 and the lower pressure device 162, and the upper pressure device 161 and the lower pressure device 162 are connected by guide rods 163 installed on the four corners of the top surface of the lower pressure device 162. , the guide rod 163 passes through the upper pressure-bearing device 161, and a spring 164 is set on the upper part of the upper pressure-bearing device 161. The top of the spring 164 is provided with a pressure plate, and the pressure plate is tightened by a nut on the guide rod 163. fixed. After the confining pressure load value is selected, start the top pressure driving device 15 to load the sample vertically until the sample is destroyed, and record the maximum value when the sample is destroyed.
所述竖向驱动装置12、围压驱动装置9和顶压驱动装置15为气缸、液压缸或者千斤顶，本实施例中采用千斤顶，能够对试样提供较大的荷载。The vertical driving device 12, the confining pressure driving device 9 and the top pressure driving device 15 are air cylinders, hydraulic cylinders or jacks, and jacks are used in this embodiment, which can provide larger loads to the samples.
使用一种测量建筑材料在围压下抗压强度的试验装置及方法的试验方法，包括以下步骤：A test method using a test device and method for measuring the compressive strength of building materials under confining pressure, comprising the following steps:
(1)检查试验装置各部件的完整性和灵活性，确保试验装置能够正常运行；(1) Check the integrity and flexibility of each component of the test device to ensure the normal operation of the test device;
(2)调整竖向驱动装置12，使承重台7上下运动，直至围压加载板11与试样高度对应，并调整围压驱动装置9，向试样施加设定的横向荷载；(2) Adjust the vertical driving device 12 to move the bearing table 7 up and down until the confining pressure loading plate 11 corresponds to the height of the sample, and adjust the confining pressure driving device 9 to apply a set lateral load to the sample;
(3)保持试样的横向荷载不变，调整顶压驱动装置15对试样施加竖向荷载，当试样破坏时记录最大竖向荷载；(3) Keep the lateral load of the sample constant, adjust the top pressure driving device 15 to apply a vertical load to the sample, and record the maximum vertical load when the sample is damaged;
(4)更换试样，改变横向荷载数值，重复步骤(2)～(3)；(4) Replace the sample, change the lateral load value, and repeat steps (2) to (3);
(5)绘制莫尔圆，并绘制出莫尔圆的切线，得到试样的C值和值。(5) draw Mohr's circle, and draw the tangent of Mohr's circle, obtain the C value of sample and value.
上述虽然结合附图对本发明的具体实施方式进行了描述，但并非对本发明保护范围的限制，所属领域技术人员应该明白，在本发明的技术方案的基础上，本领域技术人员不需要付出创造性劳动即可做出的各种修改或变形仍在本发明的保护范围以内。Although the specific implementation of the present invention has been described above in conjunction with the accompanying drawings, it does not limit the protection scope of the present invention. Those skilled in the art should understand that on the basis of the technical solution of the present invention, those skilled in the art do not need to pay creative work Various modifications or variations that can be made are still within the protection scope of the present invention.
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