CN107796711B - A method of for testing complete sample and structural plane dynamic shear strength - Google Patents
A method of for testing complete sample and structural plane dynamic shear strength Download PDFInfo
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- CN107796711B CN107796711B CN201710850983.1A CN201710850983A CN107796711B CN 107796711 B CN107796711 B CN 107796711B CN 201710850983 A CN201710850983 A CN 201710850983A CN 107796711 B CN107796711 B CN 107796711B
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- 238000012360 testing method Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 50
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 48
- 238000010008 shearing Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 75
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 26
- 210000003608 fece Anatomy 0.000 claims abstract description 7
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 4
- 230000006835 compression Effects 0.000 claims abstract 2
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- 238000005520 cutting process Methods 0.000 claims description 46
- 230000005540 biological transmission Effects 0.000 claims description 20
- 239000011888 foil Substances 0.000 claims description 9
- 238000012545 processing Methods 0.000 claims description 7
- 230000008569 process Effects 0.000 claims description 5
- 230000035939 shock Effects 0.000 claims description 5
- 230000015572 biosynthetic process Effects 0.000 claims description 4
- 230000010429 evolutionary process Effects 0.000 claims description 4
- 230000000977 initiatory effect Effects 0.000 claims description 4
- 238000011161 development Methods 0.000 claims description 3
- 238000005259 measurement Methods 0.000 claims description 3
- 238000009738 saturating Methods 0.000 claims 1
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 abstract description 8
- 239000011435 rock Substances 0.000 description 14
- 238000010586 diagram Methods 0.000 description 10
- 238000005516 engineering process Methods 0.000 description 4
- 239000011343 solid material Substances 0.000 description 4
- PCHJSUWPFVWCPO-UHFFFAOYSA-N gold Chemical compound [Au] PCHJSUWPFVWCPO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 229910052737 gold Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- 239000010931 gold Substances 0.000 description 3
- 238000012544 monitoring process Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000003068 static effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 239000004575 stone Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000010998 test method Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000005303 weighing Methods 0.000 description 2
- RYGMFSIKBFXOCR-UHFFFAOYSA-N Copper Chemical compound [Cu] RYGMFSIKBFXOCR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 240000002853 Nelumbo nucifera Species 0.000 description 1
- 235000006508 Nelumbo nucifera Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 235000006510 Nelumbo pentapetala Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 208000037656 Respiratory Sounds Diseases 0.000 description 1
- 229910052802 copper Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000010949 copper Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000013461 design Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000002360 explosive Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000003780 insertion Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000037431 insertion Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000000149 penetrating effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000011160 research Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000000630 rising effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000007493 shaping process Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000013097 stability assessment Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000007858 starting material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000001960 triggered effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000005428 wave function Effects 0.000 description 1
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
- G01N3/00—Investigating strength properties of solid materials by application of mechanical stress
- G01N3/24—Investigating strength properties of solid materials by application of mechanical stress by applying steady shearing forces
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
- G01N3/00—Investigating strength properties of solid materials by application of mechanical stress
- G01N3/30—Investigating strength properties of solid materials by application of mechanical stress by applying a single impulsive force, e.g. by falling weight
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
- G01N2203/00—Investigating strength properties of solid materials by application of mechanical stress
- G01N2203/0014—Type of force applied
- G01N2203/0025—Shearing
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
- G01N2203/00—Investigating strength properties of solid materials by application of mechanical stress
- G01N2203/003—Generation of the force
- G01N2203/0032—Generation of the force using mechanical means
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
- G01N2203/00—Investigating strength properties of solid materials by application of mechanical stress
- G01N2203/0058—Kind of property studied
- G01N2203/006—Crack, flaws, fracture or rupture
- G01N2203/0062—Crack or flaws
- G01N2203/0064—Initiation of crack
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
- G01N2203/00—Investigating strength properties of solid materials by application of mechanical stress
- G01N2203/0058—Kind of property studied
- G01N2203/006—Crack, flaws, fracture or rupture
- G01N2203/0062—Crack or flaws
- G01N2203/0066—Propagation of crack
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
- G01N2203/00—Investigating strength properties of solid materials by application of mechanical stress
- G01N2203/02—Details not specific for a particular testing method
- G01N2203/025—Geometry of the test
- G01N2203/0258—Non axial, i.e. the forces not being applied along an axis of symmetry of the specimen
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
- G01N2203/00—Investigating strength properties of solid materials by application of mechanical stress
- G01N2203/02—Details not specific for a particular testing method
- G01N2203/026—Specifications of the specimen
- G01N2203/0298—Manufacturing or preparing specimens
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
- G01N2203/00—Investigating strength properties of solid materials by application of mechanical stress
- G01N2203/02—Details not specific for a particular testing method
- G01N2203/06—Indicating or recording means; Sensing means
- G01N2203/0641—Indicating or recording means; Sensing means using optical, X-ray, ultraviolet, infrared or similar detectors
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- Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
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- Biochemistry (AREA)
- General Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
- General Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
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- Pathology (AREA)
- Investigating Strength Of Materials By Application Of Mechanical Stress (AREA)
Abstract
The invention discloses a kind of methods for testing complete sample and structural plane dynamic shear strength, the cylinder-shaped concave-convex shearing clamp one of production is secondary, cylinder-shaped bumps shearing clamp internal diameter and its making material are identical as the diameter of Hopkinson pressure bar and material, cylinder-shaped bumps shearing clamp outer diameter is slightly larger than Hopkinson pressure bar diameter, the length of cylinder-shaped bumps shearing clamp is respectively 1~2 times of Hopkinson pressure bar diameter, and cylinder-shaped concave surface shearing clamp depth of groove and cylinder-shaped convex surface shearing clamp protrusion length are respectively the 1/3~1/10 of test sample length；First shearing clamp is placed on compression bar, then shearing sample or structural fece sample are placed on fixture, normal pressure is applied to shearing sample using bolt loading device, dynamic loads finally are applied to shearing sample；Using the method for the present invention, can obtain strain rate is 101~104s‑1Complete sample and structural fece sample different normal pressures effect under dynamic shear strength.
Description
Technical field
The invention belongs to characteristic of material mechanics testing fields, are related to one kind and cut for testing complete sample and structural plane dynamic
The method of shearing stress is suitable for strain rate between 101~104s-1Between, solid material sample is under the effect of different normal pressures
Dynamic shear strength test.
Background technique
The shear strength of material is a very important mechanics parameter, for engineering structure economy and safely design with
And stability assessment has irreplaceable role.The method of common measurement solid material shear strength is mainly that single side is straight at present
Connect shearing test and single (double) face pressure scissor test.Above two test method, be it is static or quasi-static (load strain rate between
10-5~100s-1Between) material method for testing shear strength under loading environment.In engineering field, except the work of common static load
With outer, the effect of dynamic load is also very universal, such as impact load, explosive load, ground seismic wave function.Therefore, dynamic lotus is measured
(strain rate is between 10 for load1~104s-1Between) MATERIALS ' DYNAMIC shear strength then seems very necessary down for effect.Currently, due to by
The limitation of test method and technology, MATERIALS ' DYNAMIC method for testing shear strength are very limited.That reports recently utilizes concentric column
The method of type sample testing fragile material dynamic shear strength, although compensating for the sky of passing MATERIALS ' DYNAMIC shear strength test
It is white, but when this method being utilized to test, disadvantage also clearly: the processing of one side concentric cylindrical sample it is extremely complex and
Difficulty, sample precision are often not readily reachable by dynamic testing standard；When another aspect concentric cylindrical sample failure by shear, cut
Shear fissure extension and shear strain field in section directly can not be observed and be measured；Secondly, this method is only used for surveying
The dynamic shear strength for trying complete material is not used to the dynamic shear strength of test structural plane；In addition, this method can not give
Whole sample or structural plane apply Normal stress.
Summary of the invention
To solve dynamic loads, (strain rate is between 101~104s-1Between) effect under, solid material dynamic shear strength survey
Difficult problem is tried, present invention offer has test sample, and the processing is simple, and test is easy, and test result precision is high, can directly observe
Sample is shear-deformable and crack propagation, and can apply one kind of different normal forces for testing complete sample and structural plane
The method of dynamic shear strength.
Technical solution of the invention is as follows:
A method of for testing complete sample and structural plane dynamic shear strength, which is characterized in that including following step
It is rapid:
1), the cylinder-shaped concave-convex shearing clamp one of production is secondary, the cylinder-shaped concave-convex shearing clamp internal diameter and its making material
Identical as the diameter of Hopkinson pressure bar and material, the cylinder-shaped concave-convex shearing clamp outer diameter is slightly larger than Hopkinson pressure bar
Diameter, the length of the cylinder-shaped concave-convex shearing clamp are respectively 1~2 times of Hopkinson pressure bar diameter, and the cylindrical shape is recessed
Face shearing clamp depth of groove and the cylinder-shaped convex surface shearing clamp protrusion length be respectively test sample length 1/3~
1/10；
2), cylindrical shape concave and convex surface shearing clamp described in step 1 is separately mounted to place Hope's gold of test sample
The transmission bar of gloomy pressure bar system and incident bar both ends；
3) square band groove two-sided cutting sample, is made, the specimen length is preferably suitable with Hopkinson pressure bar diameter, institute
State that sample depth of groove is consistent with cylindrical shape concave surface shearing clamp depth of groove described in step 1, by the transmission of sample groove two sides
In the groove loading end of cylindrical shape concave surface shearing clamp described in bar side bearing end Embedded step 2；
4) the big little makings bolt loading device one, according to the length of test sample and loading force is secondary, and utilizes fixing rib
It is connected to form one with cylindrical shape concave surface shearing clamp described in step 2 structure by item；
5) double to square band groove described in step 3 by turning pressurizing nut, using bolt loading device described in step 4
Face shears sample two sides and applies normal pressure, is tested by being mounted on the normal pressure inside bolt loading device described in step 4
Sensor can obtain the size for being applied to square band groove two-sided cutting sample two sides normal pressure；
6), by be placed in described in step 2 convex surface shearing clamp on incident bar convex surface loading end and step 5 described in square band
The incident bar side loading end of groove two-sided cutting sample is closely bonded together, to dynamically load；
7) shock of incident bar described in step 2, is hit using the trip rod of compressed gas-driven Hopkinson pressure bar system
End is to apply dynamic impulsion load to square band groove two-sided cutting sample described in step 6；
8) it, can be obtained using the foil gauge being pasted at Hopkinson pressure bar rod piece center and act on two-sided cutting sample two
The dynamic loads signal at end；According to one-dimensional elastic wave theory, reach balance when acting on two-sided cutting sample both ends dynamic loads
When, the dynamic shear strength τ (t) of two-sided cutting sample can be calculated as follows:
In formula: E, A are respectively the elasticity modulus and cross-sectional area of Hopkinson pressure bar rod piece, εIFor what is monitored on incident bar
Incident strain signal, εRFor the reflection strain signal monitored on incident bar, εTFor the transmission strain signal monitored on transmission bar, AS
For the unilateral shear surface area of two-sided cutting sample.
Continuously complete sample can also either shearing loading surface for square band groove two-sided cutting sample in the step 3
To be the shearing discontinuous structural fece sample of loading surface.
The all precut same thickness in the shear surface both ends of square band groove two-sided cutting sample and length in the step 3
Crack surface, in order to the formation and development of shear fissure in loading.
It can measure bolt loading device in the step 4 using normal pressure test sensor and be applied to the step 3
The normal pressure of middle square band groove two-sided cutting sample two sides.
The trip rod of Hopkinson pressure bar is either the cylindrical bar isometrical with incident bar and transmission bar in the step 7,
It is also possible to bar of variable cross-section such as spindle trip rod.If trip rod is isometrical cylindrical bar, one need to be pasted in incident bar impact end
A reshaper, trip rod are first contacted with reshaper before hitting incident bar.If trip rod is bar of variable cross-section, without pasting shaping
Device, trip rod directly hit end in contact with incident bar.This two kinds shock methods can generate one with slow in incident bar
The semisinusoidal shape of rising edge compresses impulse wave, and it is flat which enough makes shearing sample both ends be rapidly achieved dynamic stress
Weighing apparatus, with the accuracy and validity of guarantee test.
The shear surface of square band groove two-sided cutting sample in the step 3 can be observed in real time using superspeed photographic instrument
The crack initiation of interior shear fissure, extension and perforation overall process.High-speed camera uses automatic trigger mode, and automatic trigger signal comes
From the incident strain signal that foil gauge monitors at incident bar center in the step 8.Meanwhile cutting based on high-speed camera shooting
Crack propagation process picture is cut, using image measurement technology can quickly, under the load of the determination dynamic impulsion of simplicity shear fissure expands
The velocity magnitude of exhibition.
Utilize the shear surface of square band groove two-sided cutting sample in the available step 3 of digital image processing techniques
The evolutionary process of interior shear strain field can be used for analyzing failure by shear mechanism.
Using the method, the pressure size of compressed air is driven by adjusting and controlling trip rod in the step 7, it can
Obtaining strain rate is 101~104s-1Between complete sample or structural fece sample different normal pressures effect under dynamic cut
Shearing stress.
It is described as follows:
A method of for testing complete sample and structural fece sample dynamic shear strength
1), the cylinder-shaped concave-convex shearing clamp one of production is secondary, the cylinder-shaped concave-convex shearing clamp internal diameter and its making material
Identical as the diameter of Hopkinson pressure bar and material, the cylinder-shaped concave-convex shearing clamp outer diameter is slightly larger than Hopkinson pressure bar
The length of diameter, the cylinder-shaped concave-convex shearing clamp is respectively twice and one times of Hopkinson pressure bar diameter or so, described
Cylinder-shaped concave surface shearing clamp depth of groove and the cylinder-shaped convex surface shearing clamp protrusion length are respectively that test sample is long
1/3 and 1/10 or so of degree；
2), cylindrical shape concave and convex surface shearing clamp described in step 1 is separately mounted to place Hope's gold of test sample
The transmission bar of gloomy pressure bar system and incident bar both ends；
3) square band groove two-sided cutting sample, is made, the specimen length is preferably suitable with Hopkinson pressure bar diameter, institute
It is consistent with cylindrical shape concave surface shearing clamp depth of groove described in step 1 to state sample depth of groove.For the formation convenient for shear fissure
And extension, by all precut same thickness in the shearing loading surface both ends of square band groove two-sided cutting sample in the step 3
With the crack surface of length；Then the transmission bar side of square band groove two-sided cutting sample groove two sides in the step 3 is carried
In the groove loading end for holding cylindrical shape concave surface shearing clamp described in Embedded step 2；
4) the big little makings bolt loading device one, according to the length of test sample and loading force is secondary, and utilizes fixing rib
It is connected to form one with cylindrical shape concave surface shearing clamp described in step 2 structure by item；
5) double to square band groove described in step 3 by turning pressurizing nut, using bolt loading device described in step 4
Face shears sample two sides and applies normal pressure, is tested by being mounted on the normal pressure inside bolt loading device described in step 4
Sensor can obtain the size for being applied to square band groove two-sided cutting sample two sides normal pressure；
6), by the convex surface loading end for being installed on incident bar and convex surface shearing clamp described in the step 2 and the step 5
The incident bar side loading end of middle square band groove two-sided cutting sample is closely bonded together；Meanwhile high-speed camera being clapped
Take the photograph the side shear surface of square band groove two-sided cutting sample in step 5 described in alignment lens, adjustment high-speed camera is to suitable
Shooting frame number and resolution ratio, and automatic trigger mode is set to, to dynamically load；
7), first the incident bar impact end described in step 2 pastes a reshaper, then utilizes compressed gas-driven Hope gold
The isometrical cylindrical bar of gloomy pressure bar system hits the shock end of incident bar described in step 2 with double to square band groove described in step 6
It shears sample and applies dynamic impulsion load in face；
8) it, can be obtained using the foil gauge being pasted at Hopkinson pressure bar rod piece center and act on two-sided cutting sample two
The dynamic loads at end, while high-speed camera described in step 6 is triggered by the incident strain signal of foil gauge monitoring in incident bar
Automatically crack initiation and expansion process that dynamic impulsion loads lower shear fissure are recorded and saved in real time.It is theoretical according to one-dimensional elastic wave,
When acting on two-sided cutting sample both ends dynamic loads and reaching balance, the dynamic of two-sided cutting sample can be calculated as follows
Shear strength τ (t):
In formula: E, A are respectively the elasticity modulus and cross-sectional area of Hopkinson pressure bar rod piece, εIFor what is monitored on incident bar
Incident strain signal, εRFor the reflection strain signal monitored on incident bar, εTFor the transmission strain signal monitored on transmission bar, AS
For the unilateral shear surface area of two-sided cutting sample.
A kind of method for testing complete sample and structural plane dynamic shear strength of the present invention has the advantage that
A kind of method for testing complete sample and structural plane dynamic shear strength of the present invention, on the one hand, described in utilization
Method, not only the processing is simple, test is easy for test sample, and can high-precision acquisition dynamic loads (strain rate is between 101
~104s-1Between) dynamic shear strength of lower intact solid material and structural plane is acted on, solving conventional test methodologies can not survey
The problem of test material material dynamic shear strength.On the other hand, using the method, normal direction effect can be applied to two-sided cutting sample
Power has filled up structure so as to obtain the dynamic shear strength of complete test sample and structural plane under different Normal stress effects
The blank of face dynamic shear strength testing research.In addition, utilizing high-speed camera and Digital Image Processing skill using the method
The evolutionary process of shear fissure and shear strain field, helps in the shear surface of the available square band groove two-sided cutting sample of art
In analyzing and understand material failure by shear mechanism.
Detailed description of the invention
Fig. 1 is to test complete sample or structural plane dynamic shearing using the method for the present invention based on Hopkinson pressure bar system
The schematic diagram of intensity；
Fig. 2 (a) is complete material two-sided cutting sample plane schematic diagram；
Fig. 2 (b) is complete material two-sided cutting sample stereoscopic schematic diagram；
Fig. 3 (a) is that structural plane material two-side shears sample plane schematic diagram；
Fig. 3 (b) is that structural plane material two-side shears sample stereoscopic schematic diagram；
Fig. 4 (a) is cylinder-shaped concave surface shearing clamp floor map；
Fig. 4 (b) is cylinder-shaped concave surface shearing clamp groove direction stereoscopic schematic diagram；
Fig. 4 (c) is cylinder-shaped concave surface shearing clamp stereoscopic schematic diagram；
Fig. 4 (d) is cylinder-shaped convex surface shearing clamp floor map；
Fig. 4 (e) is that cylinder-shaped convex surface shearing clamp protrudes extreme direction stereoscopic schematic diagram；
Fig. 4 (f) is cylinder-shaped convex surface shearing clamp stereoscopic schematic diagram；
Fig. 5 (a) is bolt loading device top view；
Fig. 5 (b) is bolt loading device left view；
Fig. 5 (c) is bolt loading device right view；
Fig. 5 (d) is bolt loading device stereoscopic schematic diagram；
Figure label explanation: the isometrical cylinder trip rod of 1-, 2- reshaper, 3- incident bar foil gauge, 4- incident bar, 5- cylinder
Shape convex surface shearing clamp, 6- pressurization screw rod, 7- two-sided cutting sample, 8- pressurizing nut, 9- cylindrical shape concave surface shearing clamp, 10-
Bolt loading device fixes rib 11- transmission bar, 12- transmission bar foil gauge, 13- absorbing rod, 14- normal pressure test sensing
Device, 15- rib fixed screw, 16- complete material two-sided cutting sample, 17- precut crackle, the transmission of 18- two-sided cutting sample
Bar side loads bearing end, 19- two-sided cutting sample incidence bar side bearing end, and 20- structural plane material two-side shears sample, 21- knot
The shear surface of structure plane materiel material two-sided cutting sample, the groove loading end of 22- cylindrical shape concave surface shearing clamp, 23- cylindrical shape convex surface
The convex surface loading end of shearing clamp, 24- pressure plate, 25- bolt loading device fixed plate.
Specific embodiment
The invention will be further described with specific implementation step with reference to the accompanying drawing:
Embodiment 1:
As shown in Figure 1, being based on Hopkinson pressure bar system, complete brittle rock sample dynamic is tested using the method for the present invention
Shear strength, comprising the following steps:
1), as shown in Figure 1, the cylindrical shape concave and convex surface shearing clamp as shown in Fig. 4 (a)~(f) is separately mounted to pacify
Put transmission bar and the incident bar both ends of the Hopkinson pressure bar system of test sample.The incident bar of the Hopkinson pressure bar, thoroughly
The diameter for penetrating bar, absorbing rod and cylindrical trip rod is 38mm, and the length of the cylinder-shaped concave-convex shearing clamp is respectively
75mm and 35mm；
2), the two-sided complete brittle rock sample transmission bar side bearing end insertion of the square band groove as shown in Fig. 2 (a) (b)
In the groove loading end of cylindrical shape concave surface shearing clamp described in step 1.The two-sided complete brittle rock sample of square band groove
Length L=40mm, width W=30mm, thickness T=20mm；Square groove length l=15mm, width w=10mm, groove thickness
With rock sample consistency of thickness.For the formation and development convenient for shear fissure in load, as shown in Fig. 2 (a) (b), square band is recessed
It is splitting for 5mm that the shearing loading surface two sides of the two-sided complete brittle rock sample of slot, which cut one in advance all with a thickness of 0.5mm, length,
Line face；
3) it, is fixed on using fixed rib bolt loading device shown in Fig. 5 (a)~(d) cylinder-shaped recessed as described in step 1
Face shearing clamp end；
4), using bolt loading device described in step 3, by turning the pressurizing nut shown in Fig. 5 (d) to as described in step 2
The shearing loading surface two sides of the two-sided complete brittle rock sample of square band groove apply normal pressure (0~30MPa).Utilize placement
Normal pressure test sensor in the bolt loading device as shown in Fig. 5 (b)~(d) can show the big of normal pressure value
It is small；
5) square band described in the convex surface loading end and step 4 of incident bar and convex surface shearing clamp, will be installed on described in step 1
The incident bar side loading end of the two-sided complete brittle rock sample of groove is closely bonded together.Meanwhile high-speed camera being clapped
The side shear surface of the two-sided complete brittle rock sample of square band groove described in alignment lens step 4 is taken the photograph, high-speed camera is adjusted
Frame number (preferably greater than or being equal to 100,000 frame/second) and resolution ratio are shot to suitable, and is set to automatic trigger mode,
To dynamically load；
6), first the incident bar impact end described in step 1 pastes a reshaper (such as round scale copper), then utilizes pressure
Isometrical cylinder trip rod hits to enter described in (diameter 38mm, length 200-300mm) step 1 contracting gas-powered as shown in Figure 1
The shock end of bar is penetrated to apply dynamic impulsion load to the two-sided complete brittle rock sample of square band groove described in step 5；
7) it, can be obtained using the foil gauge being pasted at Hopkinson pressure bar rod piece center and act on two-sided complete brittleness rock
The dynamic loads at stone sample both ends, while passing through incident strain signal automatic trigger step 5 institute of foil gauge monitoring in incident bar
High-speed camera is stated to record and save crack initiation and the expansion process that dynamic impulsion loads lower shear fissure in real time；
8), according to one-dimensional elastic wave theory, reach flat when acting on two-sided complete brittle rock sample both ends dynamic loads
When weighing apparatus, the dynamic shear strength τ (t) of two-sided complete brittle rock sample can be calculated as follows:
In formula: E, A are respectively the elasticity modulus (240GPa) and cross-sectional area of Hopkinson pressure bar rod piece
(1134.1mm2), εIFor the incident strain signal monitored on incident bar, εRFor the reflection strain signal monitored on incident bar, εTFor
The transmission strain signal monitored on transmission bar, ASFor the unilateral shear surface area (300mm of two-sided cutting sample2, shear surface width
It is respectively 15mm and 20mm with length)；
9), using the High Speed Photography Images of the shear fissure extension of the shooting record of high-speed camera described in step 7, in conjunction with number
Word image processing techniques it is available rapid 5 state step the two-sided complete brittle rock sample of square band groove shear surface in shear fracture
Line crack starter location, the expansion rate of shear fissure and the evolutionary process of shear strain field help to analyze and understand brittleness rock
The mechanism of stone failure by shear.
A kind of method for testing complete sample and structural plane dynamic shear strength that the present invention is disclosed and proposed, ability
Field technique personnel can be by using for reference present disclosure, and the appropriate links such as condition route that change are realized, although method and system of the invention
Standby technology is described by preferred embodiment, and related technical personnel can obviously not depart from the content of present invention, spirit
Methods and techniques described herein route is modified or is reconfigured in range, to realize final technology of preparing.It is special
Not it should be pointed out that all similar replacements and apparent to those skilled in the art, the Ta Mendou of change
It is deemed to be included in spirit of that invention, range and content.
Claims (9)
1. a kind of method for testing complete sample and structural plane dynamic shear strength；Characterized by comprising the following steps:
1), the cylinder-shaped concave-convex shearing clamp one of production is secondary, the cylinder-shaped concave-convex shearing clamp internal diameter and its making material with
The diameter of Hopkinson pressure bar is identical with material, and the cylinder-shaped concave-convex shearing clamp outer diameter is straight slightly larger than Hopkinson pressure bar
Diameter, the length of the cylinder-shaped concave-convex shearing clamp is respectively 1~2 times of Hopkinson pressure bar diameter, described cylinder-shaped concave-convex
Shearing clamp is divided into cylinder-shaped concave surface shearing clamp and cylinder-shaped convex surface shearing clamp, cylindrical shape concave surface shearing clamp groove
Depth and the cylinder-shaped convex surface shearing clamp protrusion length are respectively the 1/3~1/10 of test sample length；
2), cylindrical shape concave surface shearing clamp described in step 1 is mounted on to the saturating of the Hopkinson pressure bar system for placing test sample
Penetrate bar one end；Cylindrical shape convex surface shearing clamp is mounted on the incident bar one for placing the Hopkinson pressure bar system of test sample
End；
3) square band groove two-sided cutting sample, is made, the specimen length is preferably suitable with Hopkinson pressure bar diameter, the examination
Sample depth of groove is consistent with cylindrical shape concave surface shearing clamp depth of groove described in step 1, by the transmission bar side of sample groove two sides
In the groove loading end of cylindrical shape concave surface shearing clamp described in bearing end Embedded step 2；
4) the big little makings bolt loading device one, according to the length of test sample and loading force is secondary, and will using fixed rib
Its structure that is connected to form one with cylindrical shape concave surface shearing clamp described in step 2；
5), using bolt loading device described in step 4, by turning pressurizing nut to square band groove double shear described in step 3
It cuts sample two sides and applies normal pressure, pass through the normal pressure test sensing being mounted on inside bolt loading device described in step 4
Device can obtain the size for being applied to square band groove two-sided cutting sample two sides normal pressure；
6), by be placed in described in step 2 convex surface shearing clamp on incident bar convex surface loading end and step 5 described in square band groove
The incident bar side loading end of two-sided cutting sample is closely bonded together, to dynamically load；
7) the shock end of incident bar described in step 2, is hit using the trip rod of compressed gas-driven Hopkinson pressure bar system
To apply dynamic impulsion load to square band groove two-sided cutting sample described in step 6；
8) it, can be obtained using the foil gauge being pasted at Hopkinson pressure bar rod piece center and act on two-sided cutting sample both ends
Dynamic loads signal；It can when acting on two-sided cutting sample both ends dynamic loads and reaching balance according to one-dimensional elastic wave theory
The dynamic shear strength τ (t) of two-sided cutting sample is calculated as follows:
In formula: E, A are respectively the elasticity modulus and cross-sectional area of Hopkinson pressure bar rod piece, εIFor the incidence monitored on incident bar
Strain signal, εRFor the reflection strain signal monitored on incident bar, εTFor the transmission strain signal monitored on transmission bar, ASIt is double
The unilateral shear surface area of face shearing sample.
2. the method as described in claim 1, it is characterized in that square band groove two-sided cutting sample is that shearing adds in the step 3
Section continuously complete sample or shearing the discontinuous structural fece sample of loading surface.
3. the method as described in claim 1, it is characterized in that in the step 3 square band groove two-sided cutting sample shear surface
The crack surface of both ends all precut a same thickness and length, in order to the formation and development of shear fissure in loading.
4. the method as described in claim 1, it is characterized in that going out spiral shell in the step 4 using normal pressure test sensor measurement
Bolt loading device is applied to the normal pressure of square band groove two-sided cutting sample two sides in the step 3.
5. the method as described in claim 1, it is characterized in that the trip rod of Hopkinson pressure bar is and incident bar in the step 7
The isometrical cylindrical bar with transmission bar；Or the bar of variable cross-section such as spindle trip rod.
6. method as claimed in claim 5, it is characterized in that if trip rod is isometrical cylindrical bar, it need to be viscous in incident bar impact end
A reshaper is pasted, trip rod is first contacted with reshaper before hitting incident bar；If trip rod is bar of variable cross-section, without pasting
Reshaper, trip rod directly hit end in contact with incident bar.
7. the method as described in claim 1, it is characterized in that observing square band groove in the step 3 using superspeed photographic instrument
The crack initiation of shear fissure in the shear surface of two-sided cutting sample, extension and perforation overall process；High-speed camera uses automatic trigger
Mode, the automatic trigger signal incident strain signal that foil gauge monitors at incident bar center in the step 8.
8. the method as described in claim 1, it is characterized in that obtaining square band in the step 3 using digital image processing techniques
The evolutionary process of shear strain field in the shear surface of groove two-sided cutting sample, for analyzing failure by shear mechanism.
9. the method as described in claim 1, it is characterized in that empty by adjusting and controlling trip rod driving compression in the step 7
The pressure size of gas, obtaining strain rate is 101~104s-1Between complete sample or structural fece sample make in different normal pressures
Dynamic shear strength under.
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