CN108424397B - 1,5-二硝胺基四唑二氨基四唑盐化合物 - Google Patents
1,5-二硝胺基四唑二氨基四唑盐化合物 Download PDFInfo
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- -1 1,5- dinitro aminotetrazole diamino tetrazolium salt compound Chemical class 0.000 title claims abstract description 29
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 abstract description 3
- IJGRMHOSHXDMSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N nitrogen Substances N#N IJGRMHOSHXDMSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 14
- WEVYAHXRMPXWCK-UHFFFAOYSA-N Acetonitrile Chemical compound CC#N WEVYAHXRMPXWCK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 12
- OKKJLVBELUTLKV-UHFFFAOYSA-N Methanol Chemical compound OC OKKJLVBELUTLKV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 12
- KWYUFKZDYYNOTN-UHFFFAOYSA-M Potassium hydroxide Chemical compound [OH-].[K+] KWYUFKZDYYNOTN-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 12
- 229910052757 nitrogen Inorganic materials 0.000 description 11
- 239000007787 solid Substances 0.000 description 11
- YWVHJAFUGSRCQB-UHFFFAOYSA-N [N+](=O)([O-])N1N(NN=C1[N+](=O)[O-])N Chemical class [N+](=O)([O-])N1N(NN=C1[N+](=O)[O-])N YWVHJAFUGSRCQB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 9
- IAZDPXIOMUYVGZ-WFGJKAKNSA-N Dimethyl sulfoxide Chemical compound [2H]C([2H])([2H])S(=O)C([2H])([2H])[2H] IAZDPXIOMUYVGZ-WFGJKAKNSA-N 0.000 description 8
- ZWWCURLKEXEFQT-UHFFFAOYSA-N dinitrogen pentaoxide Chemical compound [O-][N+](=O)O[N+]([O-])=O ZWWCURLKEXEFQT-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 8
- 150000001875 compounds Chemical class 0.000 description 7
- 238000005474 detonation Methods 0.000 description 7
- VEXZGXHMUGYJMC-UHFFFAOYSA-N Hydrochloric acid Chemical compound Cl VEXZGXHMUGYJMC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 6
- 238000003756 stirring Methods 0.000 description 6
- 230000015572 biosynthetic process Effects 0.000 description 5
- 238000006243 chemical reaction Methods 0.000 description 5
- 238000004880 explosion Methods 0.000 description 5
- 238000003786 synthesis reaction Methods 0.000 description 5
- RTZKZFJDLAIYFH-UHFFFAOYSA-N Diethyl ether Chemical compound CCOCC RTZKZFJDLAIYFH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- 125000002252 acyl group Chemical group 0.000 description 4
- 239000002904 solvent Substances 0.000 description 4
- 239000000126 substance Substances 0.000 description 4
- 125000003831 tetrazolyl group Chemical group 0.000 description 4
- XMGWNAIPGOPSNX-UHFFFAOYSA-O 2H-tetrazol-1-ium-1,5-diamine Chemical compound N[NH+]1N=NN=C1N XMGWNAIPGOPSNX-UHFFFAOYSA-O 0.000 description 3
- ZMXDDKWLCZADIW-UHFFFAOYSA-N N,N-Dimethylformamide Chemical compound CN(C)C=O ZMXDDKWLCZADIW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- BSPUVYFGURDFHE-UHFFFAOYSA-N Nitramine Natural products CC1C(O)CCC2CCCNC12 BSPUVYFGURDFHE-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 239000007864 aqueous solution Substances 0.000 description 3
- 230000008901 benefit Effects 0.000 description 3
- 238000001914 filtration Methods 0.000 description 3
- POCJOGNVFHPZNS-UHFFFAOYSA-N isonitramine Natural products OC1CCCCC11CNCCC1 POCJOGNVFHPZNS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 description 3
- 239000000243 solution Substances 0.000 description 3
- POCJOGNVFHPZNS-ZJUUUORDSA-N (6S,7R)-2-azaspiro[5.5]undecan-7-ol Chemical compound O[C@@H]1CCCC[C@]11CNCCC1 POCJOGNVFHPZNS-ZJUUUORDSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 238000001644 13C nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000005160 1H NMR spectroscopy Methods 0.000 description 2
- IAZDPXIOMUYVGZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Dimethylsulphoxide Chemical compound CS(C)=O IAZDPXIOMUYVGZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- UFHFLCQGNIYNRP-UHFFFAOYSA-N Hydrogen Chemical compound [H][H] UFHFLCQGNIYNRP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 238000004566 IR spectroscopy Methods 0.000 description 2
- CSNNHWWHGAXBCP-UHFFFAOYSA-L Magnesium sulfate Chemical compound [Mg+2].[O-][S+2]([O-])([O-])[O-] CSNNHWWHGAXBCP-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 2
- 229910052799 carbon Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 239000002131 composite material Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000001816 cooling Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000000921 elemental analysis Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000002360 explosive Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000007789 gas Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000001257 hydrogen Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229910052739 hydrogen Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 239000005457 ice water Substances 0.000 description 2
- VLKZOEOYAKHREP-UHFFFAOYSA-N n-Hexane Chemical compound CCCCCC VLKZOEOYAKHREP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 125000002924 primary amino group Chemical group [H]N([H])* 0.000 description 2
- 238000001228 spectrum Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000010792 warming Methods 0.000 description 2
- ZGZLYKUHYXFIIO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 5-nitro-2h-tetrazole Chemical compound [O-][N+](=O)C=1N=NNN=1 ZGZLYKUHYXFIIO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 238000004057 DFT-B3LYP calculation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229910014288 N-N Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910014320 N—N Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 150000001412 amines Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 150000003863 ammonium salts Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- QVGXLLKOCUKJST-UHFFFAOYSA-N atomic oxygen Chemical compound [O] QVGXLLKOCUKJST-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 238000004364 calculation method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000003795 chemical substances by application Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000004140 cleaning Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000003749 cleanliness Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000002485 combustion reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000007547 defect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000002024 ethyl acetate extract Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000003810 ethyl acetate extraction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000005649 metathesis reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000006386 neutralization reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000001301 oxygen Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052760 oxygen Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000003208 petroleum Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000002243 precursor Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000003380 propellant Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000002994 raw material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000000376 reactant Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000009257 reactivity Effects 0.000 description 1
- 150000003839 salts Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 239000004449 solid propellant Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000010189 synthetic method Methods 0.000 description 1
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
Classifications
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C07—ORGANIC CHEMISTRY
- C07D—HETEROCYCLIC COMPOUNDS
- C07D257/00—Heterocyclic compounds containing rings having four nitrogen atoms as the only ring hetero atoms
- C07D257/02—Heterocyclic compounds containing rings having four nitrogen atoms as the only ring hetero atoms not condensed with other rings
- C07D257/04—Five-membered rings
- C07D257/06—Five-membered rings with nitrogen atoms directly attached to the ring carbon atom
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C06—EXPLOSIVES; MATCHES
- C06B—EXPLOSIVES OR THERMIC COMPOSITIONS; MANUFACTURE THEREOF; USE OF SINGLE SUBSTANCES AS EXPLOSIVES
- C06B25/00—Compositions containing a nitrated organic compound
- C06B25/34—Compositions containing a nitrated organic compound the compound being a nitrated acyclic, alicyclic or heterocyclic amine
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- Investigating Or Analyzing Non-Biological Materials By The Use Of Chemical Means (AREA)
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Abstract
本发明公开了一种1,5‑二硝胺基四唑二氨基四唑盐化合物,其结构式如(I)所示:
Description
技术领域
本发明涉及一种含能材料,具体涉及一种1,5-二硝胺基四唑二氨基四唑盐化合物。
背景技术
目前,氮杂芳环含能化合物的设计、合成及性能研究受到含能材料工作者的普遍关注,这类化合物分子中含有大量的C-N、C=N、N-N、N=N键,具有较高的正生成热,是其能量的主要来源,高氮、低碳氢含量使该类化合物更容易达到氧平衡,而较高的氮含量使其分解产物主要为氮气,清洁无污染,且产气量较大,未来在混合炸药、固体推进剂和气体发生剂等领域具有广阔的应用前景。1,5-二氨基四唑是一种重要的氮杂环含能化合物前体,利用其结构中氨基的反应活性,可进一步形成硝胺基、三硝基乙氨基、偶氮基等含能基团,从而设计、合成出多种性能较好的四唑含能衍生物。将分子中的氨基转化成硝胺基可制备1,5-二硝胺基四唑,进一步与氮氢含量高的有机胺发生复分解反应,可设计合成出一系列的1,5-二硝胺基四唑有机铵盐含能化合物,具有优良的爆轰性能。
Haixiang Gao等《Azole-Based Energetic Salts》,Chem.Rev.,2011,111,7377–7436一文公开了一种5-硝基四唑二氨基四唑盐的结构及性能,其结构如(II)所示:
该化合物的密度为1.71g/cm3,其计算生成热为651kJ/mol,爆速为8844m/s,爆压为30.7GPa。但是该化合物密度较小、生成热较低、能量较小。
发明内容
本发明所要解决的技术问题是克服背景技术的不足和缺陷,提供一种密度较大、生成热较高、能量较大的1,5-二硝胺基四唑二氨基四唑盐化合物。
本发明的1,5-二硝胺基四唑二氨基四唑盐化合物的合成路线如下:
以1-甲氧基甲酰基-1,5-二氨基四唑为原料,首先与五氧化二氮、氢氧化钾、盐酸水溶液反应生成1,5-二硝胺基四唑,然后与1,5-二氨基四唑(DAT)发生中和反应生成1,5-二硝胺基四唑二氨基四唑盐。
本发明的1,5-二硝胺基四唑二氨基四唑盐化合物,其结构式如(I)所示:
本发明的1,5-二硝胺基四唑二氨基四唑盐的合成方法,包括以下步骤:
(1)1,5-二硝胺基四唑的合成
室温下,将1-甲氧基甲酰基-1,5-二氨基四唑加入乙腈中,冰水浴冷却至0~5℃,滴加五氧化二氮的乙腈溶液,在0~5℃反应1h,继续加入氢氧化钾水溶液,反应0.5h,蒸除溶剂得淡黄色固体,加入甲醇搅拌2h,过滤、干燥得白色固体;向上述白色固体中加入2mol/L的盐酸搅拌0.5h,乙酸乙酯萃取,无水硫酸镁干燥,蒸除溶剂、干燥得白色固体1,5-二硝胺基四唑;其中1-甲氧基甲酰基-1,5-二氨基四唑、五氧化二氮与氢氧化钾的摩尔比为1:2~4:4~8。
(2)1,5-二硝胺基四唑二氨基四唑盐的合成
室温下,将1,5-二硝胺基四唑、甲醇加入反应瓶中,搅拌10min后,加入1,5-二氨基四唑,升温至40℃反应2h,冷却、过滤、干燥得淡黄色固体1,5-二硝胺基四唑二氨基四唑盐;其中1,5-二硝胺基四唑与1,5-二氨基四唑的摩尔比为1:2.0~2.1。
本发明的优点:
本发明的1,5-二硝胺基四唑二氨基四唑盐化合物密度较高,其密度为1.81g/cm3,对比文件的5-硝基四唑二氨基四唑盐的密度为1.71g/cm3;本发明的1,5-二硝胺基四唑二氨基四唑盐化合物生成热较高,其计算生成热为1331kJ/mol,对比文件的5-硝基四唑二氨基四唑盐的计算生成热为651kJ/mol;本发明的1,5-二硝胺基四唑二氨基四唑盐化合物能量较大,其计算爆速为8965m/s,爆压为36.5GPa,对比文件的5-硝基四唑二氨基四唑盐的计算爆速为8844m/s,爆压为30.7GPa。
具体实施方式
以下结合实施例对本发明作进一步详细说明。
实施例1
(1)1,5-二硝胺基四唑的合成
室温下,将2.21g(14mmol)1-甲氧基甲酰基-1,5-二氨基四唑加入42.0mL乙腈中,冰水浴冷却至0~5℃,滴加42.0mL含4.54g(42mmol)五氧化二氮的乙腈溶液,在0~5℃反应1h,继续加入42.0mL含4.70g(84mmol)氢氧化钾水溶液,反应0.5h,蒸除溶剂得淡黄色固体,加入70.0mL甲醇搅拌2h,过滤、干燥得白色固体;向上述白色固体中加入44.0mL 2mol/L的盐酸搅拌0.5h,乙酸乙酯萃取(40.0mL×4),无水硫酸镁干燥,蒸除溶剂、干燥得2.11g白色固体1,5-二硝胺基四唑,收率为79.3%。
结构鉴定:
红外光谱:IR(KBr,cm-1),υ:3205,3144,1596,1579,1508,1476,1453,1413,1332,1287,1245,1058,1037,987
核磁光谱:1H NMR(DMSO-d6,500MHz),δ:12.22(s,2H,2NH)
13C NMR(DMSO-d6,125MHz),δ:147.60
元素分析:分子式CH2N8O4
理论值:C 6.32,H 1.06,N 58.95
实测值:C 6.44,H 1.16,N 59.09。
上述结构鉴定数据证实得到物质确实是1,5-二硝胺基四唑。
(2)1,5-二硝胺基四唑二氨基四唑盐的合成
室温下,将0.19g(1mmol)1,5-二硝胺基四唑、3.0mL甲醇加入反应瓶中,搅拌10min后,加入0.21g(2.05mmol)1,5-二氨基四唑,升温至40℃反应2h,冷却、过滤、干燥得0.28g淡黄色固体1,5-二硝胺基四唑二氨基四唑盐,收率为71.9%。
结构鉴定:
红外光谱:IR(KBr,cm-1),υ:3326,3238,3153,1656,1577,1470,1329,1109,1077,1002,933
核磁光谱:1H NMR(DMSO-d6,500MHz),δ:6.37(s,10H,2DAT-H+)
13C NMR(DMSO-d6,125MHz),δ:154.10,154.89
元素分析:分子式C3H10N20O4
理论值:C 9.23,H 2.58,N 71.78
实测值:C 9.31,H 2.53,N 71.83。
上述结构鉴定数据证实得到物质确实是1,5-二硝胺基四唑二氨基四唑盐。
本发明1,5-二硝胺基四唑二氨基四唑盐的性能
(1)物化性能
外观:淡黄色固体
溶解度:易溶于二甲基亚砜、N,N-二甲基甲酰胺、水等;不溶于石油醚、正己烷、乙醚等
密度:1.81g/cm3 Gaussian 09程序B3LYP方法
氮含量:71.8%
(2)爆轰性能
爆速:密度为1.81g/cm3,计算爆速为8968m/s K-J方程
爆压:密度为1.81g/cm3,计算爆压为36.5GPa K-J方程
爆热:密度为1.81g/cm3,计算爆热为5986kJ/mol K-J方程
生成热:密度为1.81g/cm3,计算生成热为1331kJ/mol K-J方程
本发明的1,5-二硝胺基四唑二氨基四唑盐的用途
本发明的1,5-二硝胺基四唑二氨基四唑盐具有氮含量高、能量高、燃烧产物清洁等优点,可广泛用于混合炸药和推进剂技术领域,也可应用于安全气囊中。
Claims (1)
1.一种1,5-二硝胺基四唑二氨基四唑盐化合物,其结构式如(I)所示:
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Theoretical studies of energetic nitrogen-rich ionic salts composed of substituted 5-nitroiminotetrazolate anions and various cations;Fang Xiang,等;《Journal of Molecular Modeling》;20130420;第19卷(第8期);第3106页化学结构,第3107页table1 * |
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