CN108419945B - 一种粉壳蛋鸡产蛋期专用复合预混料 - Google Patents
一种粉壳蛋鸡产蛋期专用复合预混料 Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
本发明提供了一种粉壳蛋鸡产蛋期专用复合预混料，主要成分为复合维生素、复合微量元素、氨基酸、磷酸氢钙、石粉、复合酶制剂、植物提取物、微生态制剂、抗应激剂等。本发明提供的预混料是依据粉壳蛋鸡的生理特点和营养需求设计而成，能显著延长粉壳蛋鸡的产蛋高峰，改善蛋品质，提高粉壳蛋鸡的抗应激能力、降低粉壳蛋鸡的死淘率，提高粉壳蛋鸡的综合养殖效益。
Description
技术领域
本发明涉及一种饲料，具体涉及一种粉壳蛋鸡产蛋期专用复合预混料。
背景技术
粉壳蛋鸡，是指产粉壳鸡蛋的罗曼粉、海兰灰、京粉系列、农大粉壳系列、花凤、新扬黑等中轻型品种。粉壳蛋鸡由于其鸡蛋具有仿土特性和良好的风味，鸡蛋售价较高，因此粉壳蛋鸡的饲养量发展较快，目前我国约饲养5亿只，占全国蛋鸡饲养量的40%。与褐壳蛋鸡相比，粉壳蛋鸡体型偏小，采食量较低，所需营养素浓度较高；易受应激，因而死淘率较高、产蛋高峰不稳定；蛋壳厚度较薄，破损率高。可见，粉壳蛋鸡的生理特征及营养需求与褐壳蛋鸡均有所区别，然而市面上的预混料绝大多数是针对褐壳蛋鸡的。为了充分发挥粉壳蛋鸡的生产潜力、提高饲料利用效率和鸡只的抗应激能力、改善蛋品质，亟需推出一种粉壳蛋鸡产蛋期专用的复合预混料，以充分发挥粉壳蛋鸡的养殖效益。
发明内容
本发明目的是根据粉壳蛋鸡特有的生理特征和营养需求特点，结合我国饲养管理的实际情况，设计了一种粉壳蛋鸡产蛋期专用复合预混料，以充分发挥粉壳蛋鸡的生产潜力、提高鸡只的抗应激能力、降低死淘率，从而提高粉壳蛋鸡的综合养殖效益。
为实现上述目的，本发明采取的技术方案为：
一种粉壳蛋鸡产蛋期专用复合预混料，主要成分及各成分的质量份为：复合维生素4-5份、复合微量元素16.9-22份、蛋氨酸24-32份、胱氨酸7-12份、色氨酸3.5-7份、蛋氨酸锌螯合物3.1~4份、磷酸氢钙200-260份、石粉360-390份、50%氯化胆碱10-20份、硫酸钠20-24份、抗氧化剂6-8份、食盐50-60份、复合酶制剂4-6份、植物提取物15-21份、微生态制剂45-60份、抗应激剂30-40份、麦饭石59-171.5份。
配方可进一步优化为：复合维生素5份、复合微量元素22份、蛋氨酸32份、胱氨酸12份、色氨酸7份、蛋氨酸锌螯合物4份、磷酸氢钙260份、石粉360份、50%氯化胆碱20份、硫酸钠24份、抗氧化剂8份、食盐60份、复合酶制剂6份、植物提取物21份、微生态制剂60份、抗应激剂40份、麦饭石59份。
所述的复合维生素的主要成分及各成分的含量为：2000-3500万IU/kg维生素A、850-1650万IU/kg维生素D3、10.8-13.3万IU/kg维生素E、8.25-9.75 g/kg维生素K3、10-12g/kg维生素B1、24-30 g/kg维生素B2、13.5-16.5 g/kg维生素B6、0.075-0.105 g/kg维生素B12、130.5-160.5 g/kg烟酸、4.5-5.4 g/kg叶酸、43.5-54 g/kg泛酸、0.70-0.85 g/kg生物素。
所述的复合微量元素的主要成分为铜、铁、锌、锰、碘、硒。复合微量元素中各成分的含量为：7.2-8.8 g/kg铜、53-65 g/kg铁、53-65 g/kg锌、72-88 g/kg锰、0.46-0.6 g/kg碘和0.32-0.38 g/kg硒。锌是机体内300多种酶的组成成分，广泛参与机体新陈代谢，包括参与蛋壳的形成过程。与完全使用无机锌相比，粉壳蛋鸡产蛋期专用复合预混料添加的蛋氨酸锌螯合物可以明显提高蛋鸡对锌的吸收利用率，能够提高蛋壳形成过程中的关键酶之一碳酸酐酶的活性，从而有效提高蛋壳强度，降低破蛋率。
按照粉壳蛋鸡的氨基酸营养需求，粉壳蛋鸡产蛋期专用复合预混料添加了蛋氨酸、胱氨酸和色氨酸，使得日粮氨基酸组成更加均衡，能够提高蛋白质的消化利用率，有助于提高粉壳蛋鸡的产蛋性能。硫酸钠是一种有效的饲料蛋白质营养强化剂，可增强蛋鸡新陈代谢，提高产蛋率、减少啄羽发生率。
所述的复合酶制剂的主要成分为植酸酶、木聚糖酶、β-葡聚糖酶和α-半乳糖苷酶。植酸酶的使用能够增加植物饲料中磷的分解以满足机体的磷需求量，提高日粮磷利用率，降低磷酸氢钙的使用量，同时能够减少粪便中磷的排泄量，有助于改善养殖环境。木聚糖酶和β-葡聚糖酶的使用能够有效降解木聚糖和β-葡聚糖，降低肠道食糜粘度，提高饲料消化利用率。此外，木聚糖和β-葡聚糖降解后生成的寡糖能够阻止病原菌在肠道上皮细胞的定植与增殖，有助于改善肠道内环境。α-半乳糖苷酶能够提高蛋鸡对植物蛋白饲料的消化利用率，充分发挥豆粕的营养价值，提高饲料消化利用率，降低料蛋比。
所述的植物提取物的主要成分为万寿菊提取物和紫苏籽提取物。万寿菊提取物含有大量的天然叶黄素，具有抗氧化功能，且安全度高，能有效提高蛋黄颜色和哈氏单位；紫苏籽提取物富含α-亚麻酸、黄酮、迷迭香酸等，具有抗氧化和抑菌功能，能够明显提高机体免疫力、抑制炎性细胞增殖，提高蛋鸡产蛋率、延长产蛋高峰。
所述的微生态制剂的主要成分为酵母培养物、屎肠球菌和植物乳杆菌。活性益生菌、酵母细胞及其发酵代谢产物有利于改善粉壳蛋鸡的肠道微生态平衡、改善肠粘膜结构，维持肠道健康状态，提高粉壳蛋鸡的机体免疫力，维持良好的产蛋性能、降低死淘率。
所述的抗应激剂的主要成分为柠檬酸、维生素C、腐植酸钠和β-甘露寡糖。柠檬酸和维生素C的添加可有效缓解粉壳蛋鸡的应激反应，提高产蛋性能；腐植酸钠和β-甘露寡糖能够抑制肠道有害菌的增殖，具有镇静、消炎、提高免疫力的功效。
使用上述粉壳蛋鸡产蛋期专用复合预混料4.5-5.5份，与玉米61-64份、豆粕22-25份、大豆油0.5-1份、石粉8-8.5份混合，可配制粉壳蛋鸡产蛋期全价料。
与市面上一般的蛋鸡预混料相比，使用本发明提供的粉壳蛋鸡产蛋期专用复合预混料，能够显著提高粉壳蛋鸡的抗应激能力、降低死淘率，改善鸡蛋品质、提高蛋壳强度和蛋黄颜色，提高产蛋性能、延长产蛋期。此外，使用本发明提供的粉壳蛋鸡产蛋期专用复合预混料，蛋鸡羽毛完整、毛色鲜亮，淘汰鸡售价较高，从而提高综合养殖效益。
具体实施方式
以下结合实例进一步说明本发明。
具体实施方式1 粉壳蛋鸡产蛋期专用复合预混料的配制
表1粉壳蛋鸡产蛋期专用复合预混料的配制
表2复合维生素的配制
| 原料 | 重量（g） |
| VA（50万IU/克） | 65 |
| VD<sub>3</sub>（50万IU/克） | 30 |
| VE（500 IU/克） | 240 |
| 50%VK<sub>3</sub> | 18 |
| 99%VB<sub>1</sub> | 11.1 |
| 80%VB<sub>2</sub> | 33.9 |
| 99%VB<sub>6</sub> | 15.3 |
| 1%VB<sub>12</sub> | 9 |
| 2%生物素 | 38.4 |
| 99%烟酸 | 147 |
| 95%叶酸 | 5.25 |
| 90%泛酸钙 | 54 |
| 抗氧化剂(33%乙氧基喹啉） | 12.6 |
| 稻壳粉（载体） | 320.45 |
| 合计 | 1000 |
表3复合微量元素的配制
| 原料 | 重量（g） |
| 碱式氯化铜（铜≥60%） | 13.4 |
| 一水硫酸亚铁（铁≥30%） | 197 |
| 一水硫酸锌（锌≥35%） | 171 |
| 一水硫酸锰（锰≥31.8%） | 252 |
| 碘酸钙钠预混剂（碘2.94%） | 18 |
| 亚硒酸钠预混剂（硒1.56%） | 23 |
| 沸石粉（载体） | 325.6 |
| 合计 | 1000 |
植物提取物的制备：100 g植物提取物由66 g万寿菊提取物和34 g紫苏籽提取物混合制得。
微生态制剂的制备：100 g微生态制剂由88 g酵母培养物和12 g屎肠球菌和植物乳杆菌的冻干活性菌粉混合制得。屎肠球菌和植物乳杆菌的总活菌数在2×1010 cfu/g以上，这两种益生菌均购自北京伟嘉盛邦生物技术有限公司。
抗应激剂的制备：100 g抗应激剂由20 g柠檬酸、3 g维生素C、61 g腐植酸钠和16g β-甘露寡糖混合制得。
具体实施方式2 粉壳蛋鸡产蛋期全价料的配制
表4粉壳蛋鸡产蛋期全价料的配制
具体实施方式3粉壳蛋鸡产蛋期专用复合预混料饲喂效果评价
采用具体实施方式2中全价料实例3的配方进行粉壳蛋鸡产蛋期专用复合预混料实例3与市场常规蛋鸡产蛋期5%复合预混料的饲喂效果比较。对照组和试验组的全价料配方见表6。
表5 市售5%蛋鸡产蛋期预混料有效成分的标示量
| 有效成分 | 市售5%蛋鸡产蛋期预混料 |
| 维生素A，KIU≥ | 180 |
| 维生素D3，KIU≥ | 54 |
| 维生素E，IU≥ | 360 |
| 维生素K3,mg≥ | 56 |
| 维生素B1,mg≥ | 40 |
| 维生素B2,mg≥ | 100 |
| 维生素B6,mg≥ | 22 |
| 维生素B12,mg≥ | 0.72 |
| 生物素,mg≥ | 0.08 |
| 烟酸,mg≥ | 720 |
| 叶酸,mg≥ | 11 |
| 泛酸,mg≥ | 140 |
| 铜,g≥ | 1.4 |
| 铁,g≥ | 1.28 |
| 锌,g≥ | 1.48 |
| 锰,g≥ | 2.16 |
| 碘,g≥ | 30 |
| 硒,g≥ | 6 |
| 水分，%≤ | 8 |
| 钙,g≥ | 31.2 |
| 总磷,g≥ | 26 |
| 氯化钠，% | 3-10 |
表6 对照组和试验组的全价料配方
| 原料 | 对照组（%） | 试验组（%） |
| 玉米 | 62.5 | 62.5 |
| 大豆粕（粗蛋白43%） | 23.5 | 23.5 |
| 大豆油 | 0.5 | 0.5 |
| 石粉 | 8.5 | 8.5 |
| 市场常规蛋鸡产蛋期5%复合预混料 | 5.0 | |
| 粉壳蛋鸡产蛋期专用复合预混料实例3 | 5.0 | |
| 合计 | 100.0 | 100.0 |
试验分组与设计：选择29周龄体重均匀的大午金凤蛋鸡2400只，随机分为对照组和试验组两个处理，每组4个重复，每个重复300只鸡。预饲期从2017年6月12日至18日，共7天；试验期从2017年6月19日至8月14日，共56天。
饲养管理：按照大午金凤的饲养管理手册要求饲养，所有蛋鸡自由采食和饮水。
测定指标：
（1）生产性能：试验期间，每天以重复为单位记录产蛋数、蛋重、死淘数，并计算平均蛋重、产蛋率、日均产蛋量，每周以重复为单位计算采食量和料蛋比。
（2）蛋品质测定：在预饲期最后一天、试验期第28天和第56天，以重复为单位随机收集鸡蛋，每个重复20枚，用于测定蛋壳强度、蛋壳厚度、蛋黄颜色、哈氏单位、蛋形指数、蛋黄比例等蛋品质指标。
蛋品质检测方法：
用分析天平称全蛋重量。用游标卡尺测定鸡蛋长径和短径，以长径比短径计算蛋形指数。用蛋壳强度分析仪（日本Robotmation Model-Ⅲ）测定蛋壳强度，然后用多功能蛋品分析仪（日本Robotmation EMT-5200）测定浓蛋白高度和蛋黄颜色。取蛋壳钝端、尖端和中间部分，用游标卡尺测定三个位点的蛋壳厚度，然后取平均值。用分蛋器分离蛋清和蛋黄，称蛋黄重量，计算蛋黄比例。哈氏单位依据以下公式，将蛋重、浓蛋白高度代入计算得出：
哈氏单位 = 100×Log(H-1.7W0.37+7.57)
以上公式中，H为浓蛋白高度（毫米）；W为蛋重（克）。
数据统计方法：
试验数据用Excel整理，采用SPSS17.0统计软件的独立样本t检验进行差异分析，P<0.05表示差异显著。
试验结果：
（1）表7 本发明预混料对蛋鸡生产性能的影响
注：上标不同代表差异显著，无上标代表无显著差异，下同。
表8 本发明预混料对蛋鸡死淘率的影响
表7数据显示，试验组和对照组的平均蛋重和平均日采食量无显著差异（P﹥0.05）。从试验第3周开始，试验组产蛋率和日均产蛋量均显著高于对照组（P﹤0.05），且试验组料蛋比显著低于对照组（P﹤0.05）。此外，由表8可知，在整个试验期，试验组死淘率显著低于对照组（P﹥0.05）。可见，与市场常规蛋鸡产蛋期5%复合预混料相比，粉壳蛋鸡产蛋期专用复合预混料实例2能够显著提高粉壳蛋鸡的产蛋性能。
（2）表9 本发明预混料对蛋品质的影响
由表9可知，在空白期，试验组和对照组的蛋品质没有显著差异（P﹥0.05）；到试验期第28天，试验组蛋壳强度、蛋黄颜色和哈氏单位显著高于对照组（P﹤0.05）；到试验期第56天，试验组蛋壳强度、蛋壳厚度、蛋黄颜色和哈氏单位均显著高于对照组（P﹤0.05）。可见，与市场常规蛋鸡产蛋期5%复合预混料相比，粉壳蛋鸡产蛋期专用复合预混料实例2能够显著提高粉壳蛋鸡的蛋品质指标。
综上所述，本发明提供了一种粉壳蛋鸡产蛋期专用复合预混料，依据粉壳蛋鸡的生理特点和营养需求，通过加强氨基酸、维生素、复合微量元素等营养素的浓度和更科学的配比，同时通过添加复合酶制剂、抗应激剂、植物提取物和微生态制剂等手段，能显著延长粉壳蛋鸡的产蛋高峰，改善蛋品质，提高粉壳蛋鸡的抗应激能力、降低粉壳蛋鸡的死淘率，从而提高粉壳蛋鸡的综合养殖效益。
Claims (5)
1.一种粉壳蛋鸡产蛋期专用复合预混料，每1000份中主要成分由复合维生素4-5 份、复合微量元素16.9-22份、蛋氨酸24-32份、磷酸氢钙200-260份、石粉360-390份、50%氯化胆碱10-20份、食盐50-60份、抗氧化剂6-8份、麦饭石59-171.5份、还包括胱氨酸7-12份、色氨酸3.5-7份、蛋氨酸锌螯合物3.1~4份、硫酸钠20-24份、复合酶制剂4-6份、植物提取物15-21份、微生态制剂45-60 份、抗应激剂30-40份组成，
其中，所述复合酶制剂的主要成分为植酸酶、木聚糖酶、β-葡聚糖酶和α-半乳糖苷酶，
所述植物提取物的主要成分为万寿菊提取物和紫苏籽提取物。
2.根据权利要求1所述的粉壳蛋鸡产蛋期专用复合预混料，其特征在于，每1000份中含胱氨酸12份、色氨酸7份、蛋氨酸锌螯合物4份、硫酸钠24份、复合酶制剂6份、植物提取物21份、微生态制剂60份、抗应激剂40份。
3.根据权利要求1或2所述的粉壳蛋鸡产蛋期专用复合预混料，其特征在于，所述微生态制剂的主要成分为酵母培养物、屎肠球菌、植物乳杆菌。
4.根据权利要求1或2所述的粉壳蛋鸡产蛋期专用复合预混料，其特征在于，所述抗应激剂的主要成分为柠檬酸、维生素C、腐植酸钠、β-甘露寡糖。
5.一种粉壳蛋鸡产蛋期全价料，其特征在于，用于配制粉壳蛋鸡产蛋期全价料的主要成分及各成分的质量份为：玉米61-64份、豆粕22-25份、大豆油0.5-1份、石粉8-8.5份、权利要求1-4中任一项所述的粉壳蛋鸡产蛋期专用复合预混料4.5-5.5份。
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