CN108414387B - Automatic biochemical methane potential measuring device and method - Google Patents
Automatic biochemical methane potential measuring device and method Download PDFInfo
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- CN108414387B CN108414387B CN201810577819.2A CN201810577819A CN108414387B CN 108414387 B CN108414387 B CN 108414387B CN 201810577819 A CN201810577819 A CN 201810577819A CN 108414387 B CN108414387 B CN 108414387B
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- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 29
- VNWKTOKETHGBQD-UHFFFAOYSA-N methane Chemical compound C VNWKTOKETHGBQD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 title claims description 78
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 167
- 238000000855 fermentation Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 83
- 239000007788 liquid Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 82
- 230000004151 fermentation Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 76
- 238000005303 weighing Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 68
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 36
- 238000005406 washing Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 33
- 230000002572 peristaltic effect Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 32
- 230000001502 supplementing effect Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 26
- 238000003860 storage Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 24
- 238000006243 chemical reaction Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 15
- 238000002474 experimental method Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 15
- 239000002028 Biomass Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 13
- 238000005259 measurement Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 13
- 238000012360 testing method Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 12
- 238000005086 pumping Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 11
- 238000011282 treatment Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 11
- 238000012545 processing Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 10
- 230000029087 digestion Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 9
- 239000007789 gas Substances 0.000 claims description 132
- 239000010802 sludge Substances 0.000 claims description 20
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 claims description 16
- IJGRMHOSHXDMSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N Atomic nitrogen Chemical compound N#N IJGRMHOSHXDMSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 12
- 239000002054 inoculum Substances 0.000 claims description 11
- 238000001514 detection method Methods 0.000 claims description 10
- 239000012530 fluid Substances 0.000 claims description 9
- 239000011521 glass Substances 0.000 claims description 9
- 230000000696 methanogenic effect Effects 0.000 claims description 9
- 239000000758 substrate Substances 0.000 claims description 8
- 238000001802 infusion Methods 0.000 claims description 7
- 229910052757 nitrogen Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 6
- 239000012173 sealing wax Substances 0.000 claims description 6
- 239000002253 acid Substances 0.000 claims description 4
- 238000007789 sealing Methods 0.000 claims description 4
- 230000003213 activating effect Effects 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000003513 alkali Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 230000005540 biological transmission Effects 0.000 claims description 3
- 230000001186 cumulative effect Effects 0.000 claims description 3
- 238000001914 filtration Methods 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000011259 mixed solution Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 238000010276 construction Methods 0.000 abstract 1
- CURLTUGMZLYLDI-UHFFFAOYSA-N Carbon dioxide Chemical compound O=C=O CURLTUGMZLYLDI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- 238000000691 measurement method Methods 0.000 description 4
- HEMHJVSKTPXQMS-UHFFFAOYSA-M Sodium hydroxide Chemical compound [OH-].[Na+] HEMHJVSKTPXQMS-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 3
- 238000010586 diagram Methods 0.000 description 3
- 238000005516 engineering process Methods 0.000 description 3
- 239000013589 supplement Substances 0.000 description 3
- 239000002585 base Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229910002092 carbon dioxide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 239000001569 carbon dioxide Substances 0.000 description 2
- 230000002354 daily effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000013480 data collection Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000006731 degradation reaction Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000003203 everyday effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 239000010815 organic waste Substances 0.000 description 2
- 230000015556 catabolic process Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000011161 development Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000007599 discharging Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000005284 excitation Effects 0.000 description 1
- 210000003608 fece Anatomy 0.000 description 1
- 244000144972 livestock Species 0.000 description 1
- 239000010871 livestock manure Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000012423 maintenance Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000012986 modification Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000004048 modification Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000012544 monitoring process Methods 0.000 description 1
- 244000144977 poultry Species 0.000 description 1
- 238000004321 preservation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000011160 research Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000005070 sampling Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000010865 sewage Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000000243 solution Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000010902 straw Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000002834 transmittance Methods 0.000 description 1
- 241001148471 unidentified anaerobic bacterium Species 0.000 description 1
- 239000002699 waste material Substances 0.000 description 1
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
- G01N5/00—Analysing materials by weighing, e.g. weighing small particles separated from a gas or liquid
- G01N5/02—Analysing materials by weighing, e.g. weighing small particles separated from a gas or liquid by absorbing or adsorbing components of a material and determining change of weight of the adsorbent, e.g. determining moisture content
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
- G01N7/00—Analysing materials by measuring the pressure or volume of a gas or vapour
- G01N7/14—Analysing materials by measuring the pressure or volume of a gas or vapour by allowing the material to emit a gas or vapour, e.g. water vapour, and measuring a pressure or volume difference
- G01N7/18—Analysing materials by measuring the pressure or volume of a gas or vapour by allowing the material to emit a gas or vapour, e.g. water vapour, and measuring a pressure or volume difference by allowing the material to react
- G01N7/20—Analysing materials by measuring the pressure or volume of a gas or vapour by allowing the material to emit a gas or vapour, e.g. water vapour, and measuring a pressure or volume difference by allowing the material to react the reaction being fermentation
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- Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
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- General Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
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- Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
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- General Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
- Biotechnology (AREA)
- Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Purification Treatments By Anaerobic Or Anaerobic And Aerobic Bacteria Or Animals (AREA)
- Processing Of Solid Wastes (AREA)
- Apparatus Associated With Microorganisms And Enzymes (AREA)
Abstract
The invention discloses an automatic measurement device and method for biochemical methanogenesis potential, wherein the device comprises a fermentation reaction device, a gas treatment device, a gas metering device, a liquid supplementing device and a data acquisition and processing device: the fermentation reaction device comprises a constant-temperature water bath, a fermentation bottle, two temperature sensors and an air duct; the gas treatment device comprises a gas washing bottle, a water draining bottle, a gas guide pipe and a water draining pipe; the gas metering device comprises a water collecting bottle, a weighing table and a weight transmitter; the liquid supplementing device comprises a peristaltic pump, a liquid storage bottle, two pinch valves, a water guide pipe, a water pumping pipe and three relays; the data acquisition processing device comprises a data acquisition card and a PC; the invention is suitable for biomass anaerobic digestion experiments, has accurate and reliable test results, is easy to operate, has good repeatability, can automatically measure and record anaerobic digestion gas production, and has simple device construction and low cost.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the field of biomass anaerobic fermentation devices, and particularly relates to an automatic measurement device and method for biochemical methanogenesis potential (Biochemical Methane Potential, BMP).
Background
Conventional fossil energy cannot meet the rapid development of the world economy, and biomass energy is increasingly paid attention as new energy. Anaerobic fermentation technology is one of the effective ways of realizing the resource utilization of biomass waste. The anaerobic fermentation of biomass is to effectively convert organic matters in organic wastes such as organic garbage, livestock and poultry manure, straw, energy crops and the like into methane and partial carbon dioxide with economic value under the assimilation of anaerobic bacteria, and the methane and the partial carbon dioxide can be used as clean energy. Anaerobic fermentation technology is mature and is widely developed and applied. In the anaerobic fermentation process, the biochemical methane-producing capacity is generally used for measuring anaerobic degradability, maximum methane-producing potential and degradation rate of biomass, not only provides target parameters of fermentation dynamics, but also can be used as an important tool for measuring anaerobic fermentation feasibility, and can be used as an important parameter for evaluating anaerobic fermentation process.
The measurement methods of biochemical methanogenesis potential commonly used in the laboratory at present can be classified into a drainage gas collection method, a gas pressure method, a gas flow measurement method and an air bag collection method according to different gas volume measurement modes. The traditional water and gas drainage and collection method is simple in operation, simple in device structure and low in maintenance cost, but the method needs to supplement water into a water drainage container periodically, collect gas volume, namely the volume of water drainage, needs to be read manually, and increases labor force of operators; although the gas pressure method has good repeatability and high precision, the gas sample is easy to collect, the gas in the fermentation device needs to be released periodically, measurement errors are easy to cause, and time and labor are wasted for experimenters; the gas flow measurement method is simple to operate, but the gas generation is slower in the later reaction period, and a non-high-precision gas flowmeter cannot meet the requirement; the air bag collecting method needs to select a gas sampling bag with extremely low gas molecular transmittance to collect a sample for offline measurement, and has high requirement on gas sample collecting operation.
The laboratory scale biochemical methane production measuring device has the characteristics of simple and accurate parameter control, and is a good choice for carrying out experimental research. The conventional anaerobic fermentation device in the laboratory is simple in measurement method, the experiment period is short, three and five days long, one and two months long according to different requirements, repeated experiments are needed, most of the repeated experiments need to record the gas production manually every day, for example, the volumetric data of the gas production is measured every day through a drainage method, the manpower and time are consumed, and the measurement error is large.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to solve the technical problems that the manual operation and test of methane potential in the technology is time-consuming and labor-consuming, has larger metering error and the like, and provides the method for metering the methane gas production volume obtained by water drainage in the water drainage and gas collection method by using the weighing method, so as to realize automatic measurement of biochemical methane production potential.
The invention solves the technical problems by the following technical proposal: the automatic biochemical methane production potential measuring device comprises a fermentation reaction device, a gas treatment device, a gas metering device, a liquid supplementing device and a data acquisition and processing device: the fermentation reaction device comprises a constant-temperature water bath, a fermentation bottle, a first temperature sensor, a second temperature sensor and a first air duct; the gas treatment device comprises a gas washing bottle, a water draining bottle, a second gas guide pipe and a water draining pipe; the gas metering device comprises a water collecting bottle, a weighing table and a weight transmitter; the liquid supplementing device comprises a peristaltic pump, a liquid storage bottle, a normally open pinch valve, a normally closed pinch valve, a water guide pipe, a water pumping pipe, a first relay, a second relay and a third relay; the data acquisition and processing device comprises a data acquisition card and a PC; the constant-temperature water bath is provided with a first temperature sensor; the fermentation bottle is placed in a constant-temperature water bath, and a second temperature sensor is placed inside the fermentation bottle; the gas washing bottle is internally provided with gas washing liquid, the gas inlet of the gas washing bottle is connected with the fermentation bottle through a first gas guide pipe, and the pipe orifice is immersed in the gas washing liquid; the water discharge bottle is connected with a second air guide pipe at an air inlet and is connected with an air outlet of the gas washing bottle, the air outlet is connected with a water discharge pipe and is connected with the gas collecting bottle, the water inlet is connected with a water guide pipe and is connected with a peristaltic pump, and the water guide pipe extends to the bottom of the water discharge bottle; the water collection bottle is placed on a weighing table built by a weighing sensor and a tray, and the weighing sensor is connected with the data acquisition card through a weight transmitter; the liquid storage bottle is connected with the peristaltic pump through a water pumping pipe, and the water pumping pipe extends to the bottom of the liquid storage bottle; the first air duct is provided with a normally open pinch valve, the water duct is provided with a normally closed pinch valve, the normally open pinch valve is connected to the data acquisition card through a first relay, and the normally closed pinch valve is connected to the data acquisition card through a second relay; the peristaltic pump is connected with the data acquisition card through a third relay; the first temperature sensor and the second temperature sensor are connected with the data acquisition card; the data acquisition card is connected with the PC.
Further, the fermentation bottle, the gas washing bottle and the drainage bottle are all glass sealing bottles; adding a fermentation substrate and anaerobic sludge into the fermentation bottle; alkali liquor is added into the gas washing bottle to filter acid gas in produced gas, and the filtered gas enters a water draining bottle through a second gas guide pipe, so that the pressure in the bottle is increased to press the water draining liquid in the bottle into a water collecting bottle through a water draining pipe; the water collecting bottle is a glass level bottle, an opening is arranged at the bottom of the bottle body, and a switch is arranged; the water collecting bottle is placed on the weighing table, and after the test is finished, the switch is turned on, and the water draining liquid in the bottle is drained.
Further, the weighing platform is formed by transversely building a weighing sensor in a Z shape, the right end of the weighing sensor is connected with an upper tray, the left end of the weighing sensor is connected with a lower tray, gaskets are arranged between the upper tray and the weighing sensor and between the lower tray and the weighing sensor, and the gaskets are fixed by screws; the lower tray is mounted on the base.
Further, the weighing sensor is an cantilever type resistance strain gauge sensor, and two plates are respectively stuck to the upper surface and the lower surface of the weighing sensor; the water collecting bottle is placed on the upper tray and acts on the right end of the weighing sensor, the cantilever beam is slightly bent, the upper surface strain gauge generates tensile strain, the lower surface strain gauge generates compressive strain, the resistance value generates corresponding change, and the voltage signal is converted into a voltage signal through the weight transmitter.
Further, the weight transmitter comprises a 24-bit HX711A/D conversion module, and is used for differentially amplifying a micro signal output by the weighing sensor and outputting a 24-bit A/D conversion value, and the micro signal is transmitted to the data acquisition card in a serial transmission mode of multi-bit data; and the data acquisition card acquires signals of the weight transmitter and processes the acquired data to obtain methane gas production.
Further, when the weight value detected by the load cell reaches the weight threshold M 1 When the water draining bottle is insufficient in drainage liquid, the PC controls the relay switch to be connected, and gas production detection is stopped; the liquid supplementing device starts to work, and after the set time is reached, the liquid supplementing device is closed, and the gas production detection is restarted.
Further, after the PC controls the relay switch to be connected, the normally open pinch valve is electrified and closed, so that the fermentation gas production conduction is blocked, the normally closed pinch valve is electrified and opened, and the conduction water guide pipe enables water in the liquid storage bottle to be pumped into the drainage bottle, so that the liquid supplementing function is achieved; after the liquid supplementing is completed, the normally open pinch valve is powered off and opened, and the normally closed pinch valve is powered off and closed, so that fermentation gas production detection is continued.
Further, the liquid storage bottle is a glass open bottle filled with drainage liquid; when the liquid is needed to be pumped and replenished, the PC controls the third relay to be communicated so that the peristaltic pump works, and the peristaltic pump pumps the drainage liquid in the liquid storage bottle to the drainage bottle.
Further, the data acquisition card is a USB interface data acquisition card of NI company, and the water bath temperature and the fermentation temperature are respectively monitored through a first temperature sensor and a second temperature sensor in the fermentation process; in the fermentation process, the data of the weighing sensor is monitored in real time, the data is recorded and uploaded to a PC (personal computer) to make judgment, and the working states of the normally-open pinch valve, the normally-closed pinch valve and the peristaltic pump are controlled.
A method for measuring biochemical methanogenic potential using the above device, the method comprising the steps of:
(1) Selecting anaerobic sludge of a methane tank with good operation as an inoculum, filtering the inoculum by using a screen mesh with the aperture of 1-2 mm, removing particulate matters affecting uniformity, and activating for 3 days; adding the materials and the inoculated anaerobic sludge into a fermentation bottle, wherein the total volume of the added materials and the inoculated anaerobic sludge accounts for 60-75% of the bottle volume; the ratio of the weight of the materials to the weight of the inoculated anaerobic sludge is 1-10:1; the pH value of the mixed solution of the test material and the inoculated anaerobic sludge is set at 7.0+/-0.5; in order to eliminate the influence of biogas generated by inoculant on the final result, a blank control without adding fermentation substrate is arranged in the experiment;
(2) Before the cover plug of the fermentation bottle, high-purity nitrogen is introduced into the gas collection bottle for 2-3 minutes to replace air in the bottle, so as to form an anaerobic environment; placing the fermentation bottle into a constant-temperature water bath;
(3) In the gas washing bottle and the water draining bottle, the liquid level of the guide pipe is level with the liquid level in the bottle, high-purity nitrogen is introduced into the two bottles for 2-3 minutes, air in the bottles is discharged, an anaerobic environment is formed, and the rubber plug is plugged and sealed by sealing wax;
(4) A weighing table is built, a water collecting bottle is placed on the weighing table, water discharged into the water collecting bottle increases along with the increase of gas production, and resistance value changes generated by stress of a strain gauge of a weighing sensor are converted into output voltage signals through a weight transmitter; the empirical equation of the weighing sensor obtained by multiple experimental measurements is shown as follows:
M＝Av+B
wherein M is the weight of water in the water collecting bottle, v is the output voltage of the weight transmitter, A, B is the parameter value of an empirical equation, and the experimental result is obtained through experiments;
(5) The data acquisition card detects the weight change of the water collecting bottle in real time, and when the weight value is detected to exceed the weight threshold M for the first time 1 When the surface drainage is insufficient, the PC controls the relay switch to be connected, namely the normally open pinch valve is electrified and closed, the normally closed pinch valve is electrified and opened, the peristaltic pump is electrified and works, and liquid is replenished from the liquid storage bottle to the drainage bottle; after the fluid infusion is completed, the relay switch is controlled to be turned off, the normally open pinch valve is turned on, the normally closed pinch valve is turned off, the peristaltic pump is turned off to stop working, and the fluid infusion is completed;
(6) Volume V obtained by water draining and gas collecting method 1 I.e. the volume V of methane produced; the data acquisition card is used for periodically acquiring weight and temperature data, and the weight and temperature data are processed and displayed as a gas production curve through the PC until the slope of the gas production curve tends to zero, and the test is stopped;
(7) The actual biomass anaerobic digestion methanogenic potential BMP was calculated as follows:
wherein V is S Cumulative methane volume, V, produced by anaerobic digestion of biomass 0 Methane volume, VS, generated for the blank group 0 The amount of volatile components of the materials is added into the fermentation bottle.
Compared with the prior art, the invention has the remarkable advantages that:
1. the biochemical methane potential automatic measuring device provided by the invention integrates methane fermentation, treatment and gas production metering, has high automation degree, can automatically measure the gas yield, and is simple to operate and convenient to use.
2. The biochemical methane potential automatic measuring device provided by the invention processes the gas generated by fermentation through the gas processing device and then performs gas measurement, and the measuring result is accurate and has high precision.
3. The biochemical methane potential automatic measuring device provided by the invention indirectly measures the gas production by utilizing a method of combining water drainage and gas collection with weighing, so that the gas production condition can be conveniently observed.
4. The liquid supplementing device of the biochemical methane potential automatic measuring device provided by the invention can judge whether liquid supplementing is needed according to the quantity of the gas collection, so that the function of automatically supplementing the drainage liquid is achieved, the drainage bottle is not required to be opened periodically by manpower to supplement the drainage liquid, and errors generated during liquid supplementing are avoided.
5. The gas metering device of the biochemical methane potential automatic measuring device provided by the invention automatically reads the data through the acquisition card, displays and stores the data to the host computer software, can continuously run for a long time, does not need manual daily measurement record, and has high measuring efficiency.
6. The automatic biochemical methane potential measuring device provided by the invention has the advantages of small volume and small space occupation, can be used for arranging a plurality of groups of treatments in a constant-temperature water bath, and is suitable for laboratory-scale batch anaerobic fermentation experiments.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a block diagram of an automatic biochemical methanogenesis potential measuring device according to the invention;
FIG. 2 is a diagram of the weighing platform of the automatic biochemical methanogenesis potential measuring device of the present invention;
FIG. 3 is a schematic diagram of a weight transmitter circuit of the automatic biochemical methanogenesis potential measuring device of the present invention;
in the figure, a first temperature sensor 1, a thermostatic water bath 2, a second temperature sensor 3, a fermentation bottle 4, a normally open pinch valve 5, a first air duct 6, a gas washing bottle 7, a second air duct 8, a water draining bottle 9, a water guiding pipe 10, a normally closed pinch valve 11, a water draining pipe 12, a water collecting bottle 13, a weighing table 14, a weight transmitter 15, a peristaltic pump 16, a first relay 17, a second relay 18, a third relay 19, a water pumping pipe 20, a liquid storage bottle 21, a data acquisition card 22, a PC 23, an upper tray 24, a weighing sensor 25, a lower tray 26, a base 27, an upper surface strain gauge 28, a lower surface strain gauge 29, a gasket 30 and screws 31.
Detailed Description
Embodiments of the present invention will be described in detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings and examples.
As shown in FIG. 1, the automatic biochemical methanogenesis potential measuring device provided by the invention comprises a fermentation reaction device, a gas treatment device, a gas metering device, a liquid supplementing device and a data acquisition and processing device: the fermentation reaction device comprises a constant-temperature water bath 2, a fermentation bottle 4, a first temperature sensor 1, a second temperature sensor 3 and a first air duct 6; the gas treatment device comprises a gas washing bottle 7, a water draining bottle 9, a second gas guide pipe 8 and a water draining pipe 12; the gas metering device comprises a water collecting bottle 13, a weighing table 14 and a weight transmitter 15; the liquid supplementing device comprises a peristaltic pump 16, a liquid storage bottle 21, a normally open pinch valve 5, a normally closed pinch valve 11, a water guide pipe 10, a water suction pipe 20, a first relay 17, a second relay 18 and a third relay 19; the data acquisition and processing device comprises a data acquisition card 22 and a PC 23; the constant-temperature water bath 2 is provided with an 8-hole heat preservation cover, and a first temperature sensor 1 is arranged on the constant-temperature water bath; the fermentation bottle 4 is placed in the constant-temperature water bath 2, two holes of rubber plugs are plugged, and a second temperature sensor 3 is placed in the fermentation bottle; the gas washing bottle 7 is filled with gas washing liquid, two hole rubber plugs are plugged, the gas inlet of the gas washing bottle 7 is connected with the fermentation bottle 4 through the first gas guide tube 6, and the pipe orifice is immersed in the gas washing liquid; the water discharge bottle 9 is plugged with a three-hole rubber plug, the air inlet is connected with a second air guide pipe 8 and is connected with the air outlet of the gas washing bottle 7, the air outlet is connected with a water discharge pipe 12 and is connected with a gas collecting bottle 13, the water inlet is connected with a water guide pipe 10 and is connected with a peristaltic pump 16, and the water guide pipe 12 extends to the bottom of the water discharge bottle 9; the water collection bottle 13 is placed on a weighing table 14 built by a weighing sensor 25 and a tray, and the weighing sensor 25 is connected with a data acquisition card 22 through a weight transmitter 15; the liquid storage bottle 21 is connected with the peristaltic pump 16 through a water pumping pipe 20, and the water pumping pipe 20 extends to the bottom of the liquid storage bottle 21; the first air duct 6 is provided with a normally open pinch valve 5, the water duct 10 is provided with a normally closed pinch valve 11, the normally open pinch valve 5 is connected to the data acquisition card 22 through a first relay 17, and the normally closed pinch valve 11 is connected to the data acquisition card 22 through a second relay 18; the peristaltic pump 16 is connected with a data acquisition card 22 through a third relay 19; the first temperature sensor 1 and the second temperature sensor 3 are connected with the data acquisition card 22; the data acquisition card 22 is connected with a PC 23.
Further, the fermentation bottle 4, the gas washing bottle 7 and the water draining bottle 9 are all glass sealing bottles; adding fermentation substrate and anaerobic sludge into a fermentation bottle 4 according to a proper proportion; adding alkali liquor into the gas washing bottle 7 to remove acid gas CO in the produced gas 2 ，H 2 S, and the like, the filtered gas enters a water draining bottle 9 through a second air duct 8, so that the pressure in the bottle is increased to press the drainage liquid in the bottle into a water collecting bottle 13 through a water draining pipe 12; the water collecting bottle 13 is a glass level bottle, an opening is arranged at the bottom of the bottle body, and a switch is arranged; the water collecting bottle 13 is placed on the weighing table 14, and after the test is finished, a switch is turned on to drain the water in the bottle.
As shown in fig. 2, the weighing platform 14 is formed by transversely constructing a weighing sensor 25 in a Z shape, wherein the right end of the weighing sensor 25 is connected with an upper tray 24, the left end is connected with a lower tray 26, gaskets 30 are respectively arranged between the upper tray 24 and the weighing sensor 25 and between the lower tray 26 and the weighing sensor 25, and the gaskets are fixed by screws 31; the lower tray 26 is mounted on a base 27. The weighing sensor 25 is an cantilever type resistance strain gauge sensor, and 2 patches are respectively stuck on the upper surface and the lower surface; the water collecting bottle 13 is placed on the upper tray 24, acts on the right end of the weighing sensor 25, the cantilever beam is slightly bent, the upper surface strain gauge 28 generates tensile strain, the lower surface strain gauge 29 generates compressive strain, the resistance value is correspondingly changed, and the tensile strain is converted into a voltage signal through the weight transmitter 15.
Further, as shown in fig. 3, the weight transmitter 15 includes a 24-bit HX711A/D conversion module, two power ports of the weighing sensor 25 are respectively connected to the positive and negative electrodes of the excitation power source, the positive electrode of the output voltage signal of the weighing sensor is connected to the input terminal of the channel ina+ of the module a, and the negative electrode of the output voltage signal of the weighing sensor is connected to the input terminal of the channel INA-of the module a. Channel a has a 128-fold signal gain and can amplify a voltage of 5mV by a factor of 128. The module is provided with a stabilized voltage supply, and the output voltage value (VAVDD) of the module is determined by external voltage dividing resistors R7 and R8 and an output reference unit VBG of the chip. Differential amplifying the micro signal output by the weighing sensor 25, outputting an A/D conversion value of 24 bits, and transmitting the micro signal to the data acquisition card 22 through pins PD_SCK and DOUT in a serial transmission mode of multi-bit data; the data acquisition card 22 acquires the signals of the weight transmitter 15, processes the acquired data to obtain methane gas production amount, and displays the methane gas production amount on an upper computer interface.
Further, when the weight value detected by the load cell 25 reaches the weight threshold value M 1 (M 1 When the initial weight of the drainage bottle is 80%, the PC 23 controls the relay switch to connect and pauses the gas production detection, which indicates that the drainage liquid in the drainage bottle 9 is insufficient; the liquid supplementing device starts to work, and after the set time is reached, the liquid supplementing device is closed, and the gas production detection is restarted.
Further, after the PC 23 controls the relay switch to be connected, the normally open pinch valve 5 is electrified and closed, the fermentation gas production conduction is blocked, the normally closed pinch valve 11 is electrified and opened, and the water guide pipe 10 is conducted so that water in the liquid storage bottle 21 is pumped into the water discharge bottle 9, and the liquid supplementing function is achieved; after the fluid infusion is completed, the normally open pinch valve 5 is powered off and opened, the normally closed pinch valve 11 is powered off and closed, and fermentation gas production detection is continued.
Further, the liquid storage bottle 21 is a glass open bottle filled with drainage liquid; when the liquid is needed to be pumped and replenished, the PC 23 controls the third relay 19 to be communicated so that the peristaltic pump 16 works, and the peristaltic pump 16 pumps the drainage liquid in the liquid storage bottle 21 to the drainage bottle 9.
Further, the data acquisition card 22 is a USB interface data acquisition card of NI company, and the water bath temperature and the fermentation temperature are respectively monitored through the first temperature sensor 1 and the second temperature sensor 3 in the fermentation process; during fermentation, the data of the weighing sensor 25 are monitored in real time, recorded and uploaded to the PC 23 for judgment, and the working states of the normally-open pinch valve 5, the normally-closed pinch valve 11 and the peristaltic pump 16 are controlled.
The steps for measuring biochemical methanogenesis potential by using the device are as follows:
(1) Connecting the parts of the device by using a conduit with a certain specification, sealing by using a porous rubber plug and sealing wax, and checking the air tightness of the device;
(2) Selecting anaerobic sludge of a methane tank with good operation as an inoculum, filtering the inoculum by using a screen mesh with the aperture of 1-2 mm, removing particulate matters affecting uniformity, and activating for 3 days; adding the materials and the inoculated anaerobic sludge into a fermentation bottle 4, wherein the total volume of the added materials and the inoculated anaerobic sludge accounts for 60-75% of the bottle volume; the ratio of the weight of the material to the weight of the inoculated anaerobic sludge can be 1-10:1, and the optimal ratio is 4-5:1; the pH value of the mixed solution of the test material and the inoculated anaerobic sludge is set at 7.0+/-0.5; in order to eliminate the influence of biogas generated by inoculant on the final result, a blank control without adding fermentation substrate is arranged in the experiment;
(3) Before the fermentation bottle 4 is capped, high-purity nitrogen is introduced into the gas collection bottle 13 for 2-3 minutes so as to replace air in the bottle and form an anaerobic environment; the fermentation bottle 4 is put into a constant temperature water bath tank 2, and the temperature in the tank is set to be proper fermentation water bath temperature T S ；
(4) In the gas washing bottle 7 and the water draining bottle 9, the liquid level of the guide pipe is level with the liquid level in the bottle, high-purity nitrogen is introduced into the two bottles for 2-3 minutes, air in the bottles is discharged, an anaerobic environment is formed, the rubber plug is plugged, and the rubber plug is sealed by sealing wax;
(5) A weighing table 14 is built, the water collecting bottle 13 is placed on the weighing table 14, water discharged into the water collecting bottle 13 increases along with the increase of gas production, and resistance value changes generated by stress of a strain gauge of the weighing sensor 25 are converted into output voltage signals through the weight transmitter 15; the empirical equation for the load cell 25 is derived from a number of experimental measurements as follows:
M＝Av+B
wherein M is the weight of water in the water collecting bottle, v is the output voltage of the weight transmitter, A, B is the parameter value of an empirical equation, and the experimental result is obtained through experiments;
(6) The data acquisition card 22 detects the weight change of the water collection bottle 13 in real time, and when the weight value is detected to exceed the weight threshold M for the first time 1 When the surface drainage is insufficient, the PC 23 controls the relay switch to be connected, namely the normally open pinch valve 5 is electrified to be closedClosing the normally closed pinch valve 11, powering on the peristaltic pump 16, and supplementing liquid from the liquid storage bottle 21 to the water discharge bottle 9; after the fluid infusion is completed, the relay switch is controlled to be turned off, the normally open pinch valve 5 is turned on, the normally closed pinch valve 11 is turned off, the peristaltic pump 16 is turned off to stop working, and the fluid infusion is completed;
(7) Volume V obtained by water draining and gas collecting method 1 Namely the volume V of the generated methane, the volume V of the methane generated by the actual biomass anaerobic digestion is calculated according to the following formula; the data acquisition card 22 is used for periodically acquiring weight and temperature data, and the weight and temperature data are processed and displayed as a gas production curve through the PC 23 until the slope of the gas production curve tends to zero, and the test is stopped;
V＝V 1
(8) The actual methanogenic potential BMP of the biomass anaerobic digestion is calculated according to the following formula:
wherein V is S Cumulative methane volume, V, produced by anaerobic digestion of biomass 0 Methane volume, VS, generated for the blank group 0 The amount of volatile components of the materials is added into the fermentation bottle.
Example 1:
the materials used in the experiment are various organic wastes, and the substrate sludge is from a seven-grid sewage treatment plant in Hangzhou city. Firstly, placing an 8-hole constant-temperature water bath 2 on a platform, adding proper cold water into a bath pot to a certain height, opening a switch of the constant-temperature water bath 2, and setting the temperature in the bath to be 37 ℃. According to inoculum and substrate 5:1 was tested. 100g of anaerobic sludge was added to 500mL of fermentation flask 4, and 20g of inoculum sample was added, the flask 4 was placed in thermostatic waterbath 2, the mouth was capped with a rubber stopper and sealed with sealing wax. Experiments were set up in a blank control experiment. The constant temperature water bath 2 and the fermentation bottle 4 are respectively provided with a thermometerThe method is used for monitoring the water bath temperature and the fermentation temperature. A small Kong Fangbian is left on the rubber plug and inserted into the first air duct 6, and sealing wax is coated around the air duct. The gas washing bottle 7 is connected with the fermentation bottle 4 through a first gas guide tube 6 provided with a normally open pinch valve 5, one end of the gas guide tube is higher than the liquid level of the fermentation bottle 4, and the other end is lower than the liquid level of the gas washing bottle. The gas washing bottle 7 is filled with NaOH solution to absorb H generated in the degradation process 2 S，CO 2 And acid gases. The water discharge bottle 9 is filled with water, a three-hole rubber plug is covered, one hole is connected with the gas washing bottle 7 through a second gas guide pipe 8, and two ends of the gas guide pipe are higher than the liquid level; a hole is connected with a water collecting bottle 13 through a drain pipe 12, the left end of the pipe is immersed in the water of the water discharging bottle 9, and the right end of the pipe slightly extends out of the rubber plug; one hole is connected with a peristaltic pump 16 through a water guide pipe 10 provided with a normally closed pinch valve 11, and the peristaltic pump 16 pumps water from a liquid storage bottle 21 to a water discharge bottle 9 through a water pumping pipe 20 for supplementing liquid. The weighing sensor 25 is a full-bridge strain gauge resistance sensor, is arranged in a transverse Z-shaped mode as shown in fig. 2, an upper tray 24 is connected with the right end of the sensor, a lower tray 26 is connected with the left end of the sensor, a gasket 30 is arranged between the tray and the sensor, and the sensor is fixed by a screw 31. The water collecting bottle 13 is placed on the weighing table 14, when the weight of the water collecting bottle 13 changes, the strain gauge 28 on the upper surface of the sensor is stressed and stretched, the strain gauge 29 on the lower surface of the sensor is stressed and compressed, a full-bridge four-lead wiring method is adopted, the stressed change is directly output as a voltage signal, and the signal is amplified through the weight transmitter 15 and transmitted to the data acquisition card 22 for processing.
The weight of the water collecting bottle collected by the data collection card 22 increases to a certain value (for example, 400g, related to the volume of the water draining bottle) to indicate that the water draining liquid of the water draining bottle (the volume of 500 mL) needs to be supplemented, at the moment, the upper computer controls the normally open pinch valve 5 to be electrified and closed by the data collection card 22, the normally closed pinch valve 11 is electrified and opened, and the peristaltic pump 16 is started to supplement water to the water draining bottle 9. The PC 23 is connected with the data acquisition card 22, processes data through the upper computer software and displays the data on an upper computer interface.
The data acquisition card 22 periodically samples during fermentation, records the temperature and the weight change of the discharged water during fermentation, records the weight of the discharged water recorded by the sensor as M, and obtains the volume V of the water through a density formula 1 Volume of discharged water V 1 I.e. the volume V of methane produced, the measured methane volume is shown in a graphical form on the interface of the PC 23. The experimental period usually needs 30-60 days, the total amount of drainage generated by the experiment, namely the total amount of produced gas, is basically unchanged after fermentation is finished, and the total amount of the produced gas can be obtained at one time without manual measurement and recording daily. The invention has accurate and simple parameter control and small occupied volume, and can acquire high-repeatability and monitorable test results by matching with the detection of the weighing sensor 25 and the acquisition of the recorded data by the data acquisition card 22.
The above examples are intended to illustrate the invention, not to limit it. Any modifications and changes made to the present invention fall within the spirit of the invention and the scope of the appended claims.
Claims (6)
1. The automatic biochemical methane production potential measuring device is characterized by comprising a fermentation reaction device, a gas treatment device, a gas metering device, a liquid supplementing device and a data acquisition and processing device: the fermentation reaction device comprises a constant-temperature water bath (2), a fermentation bottle (4), a first temperature sensor (1), a second temperature sensor (3) and a first air duct (6); the gas treatment device comprises a gas washing bottle (7), a drain bottle (9), a second gas guide pipe (8) and a drain pipe (12); the gas metering device comprises a water collecting bottle (13), a weighing table (14) and a weight transmitter (15); the liquid supplementing device comprises a peristaltic pump (16), a liquid storage bottle (21), a normally open pinch valve (5), a normally closed pinch valve (11), a water guide pipe (10), a water suction pipe (20), a first relay (17), a second relay (18) and a third relay (19); the data acquisition and processing device comprises a data acquisition card (22) and a PC (23); the constant-temperature water bath (2) is provided with a first temperature sensor (1); the fermentation bottle (4) is placed in the constant-temperature water bath (2), and a second temperature sensor (3) is placed inside the fermentation bottle; the gas washing bottle (7) is filled with gas washing liquid, the gas inlet of the gas washing bottle (7) is connected with the fermentation bottle (4) through the first gas guide tube (6), and the pipe orifice is immersed in the gas washing liquid; the water draining bottle (9) is connected with a second air duct (8) at an air inlet and is connected with an air outlet of the gas washing bottle (7), the air outlet is connected with a water draining pipe (12) and is connected with a water collecting bottle (13), the water inlet is connected with a water guiding pipe (10) and is connected with a peristaltic pump (16), and the water guiding pipe (10) extends to the bottom of the water draining bottle (9); the water collection bottle (13) is placed on a weighing table (14) built by a weighing sensor (25) and a tray, and the weighing sensor (25) is connected with a data acquisition card (22) through a weight transmitter (15); the liquid storage bottle (21) is connected with the peristaltic pump (16) through a water pumping pipe (20), and the water pumping pipe (20) extends to the bottom of the liquid storage bottle (21); the first air duct (6) is provided with a normally open pinch valve (5), the water duct (10) is provided with a normally closed pinch valve (11), the normally open pinch valve (5) is connected to the data acquisition card (22) through a first relay (17), and the normally closed pinch valve (11) is connected to the data acquisition card (22) through a second relay (18); the peristaltic pump (16) is connected with the data acquisition card (22) through a third relay (19); the first temperature sensor (1) and the second temperature sensor (3) are connected with the data acquisition card (22); the data acquisition card (22) is connected with the PC (23);
the fermentation bottle (4), the gas washing bottle (7) and the drainage bottle (9) are all glass sealing bottles; adding a fermentation substrate and anaerobic sludge into the fermentation bottle (4); alkali liquor is added into the gas washing bottle (7) to filter acid gas in produced gas, and the filtered gas enters a water draining bottle (9) through a second gas guide pipe (8), so that the pressure in the bottle is increased to press the water draining liquid in the bottle into a water collecting bottle (13) through a water draining pipe (12); the water collecting bottle (13) is a glass level bottle, an opening is arranged at the bottom of the bottle body, and a switch is arranged; the water collecting bottle (13) is placed on the weighing table (14), and after the test is finished, a switch is turned on to drain the water in the bottle;
the weighing platform (14) is formed by transversely building a weighing sensor (25) in a Z shape, the right end of the weighing sensor (25) is connected with an upper tray (24), the left end of the weighing sensor is connected with a lower tray (26), gaskets (30) are arranged between the upper tray (24) and the weighing sensor (25) and between the lower tray (26) and the weighing sensor (25), and the gaskets are fixed by screws (31); the lower tray (26) is arranged on the base (27);
the weighing sensor (25) is an cantilever type resistance strain gauge sensor, and two plates are respectively stuck to the upper surface and the lower surface; the water collecting bottle (13) is placed on the upper tray (24), acts on the right end of the weighing sensor (25), the cantilever beam is slightly bent, the upper surface strain gauge (28) generates tensile strain, the lower surface strain gauge (29) generates compressive strain, the resistance value generates corresponding change, and the tensile strain is converted into a voltage signal through the weight transmitter (15);
the weight transmitter (15) comprises a 24-bit HX711A/D conversion module, and is used for differentially amplifying a micro signal output by the weighing sensor (25) and outputting a 24-bit A/D conversion value, and the micro signal is transmitted to the data acquisition card (22) in a serial transmission mode of multi-bit data; the data acquisition card (22) acquires signals of the weight transmitter (15) and processes the acquired data to obtain methane gas production.
2. The automatic biochemical methanogenic potential measuring device according to claim 1, wherein: when the weight value detected by the weighing sensor (25) reaches the weight threshold value M 1 When the water draining bottle (9) is insufficient in drainage liquid, the PC (23) controls the relay switch to be connected, and gas production detection is stopped; the liquid supplementing device starts to work, and after the set time is reached, the liquid supplementing device is closed, and the gas production detection is restarted.
3. The automatic biochemical methanogenic potential measuring device according to claim 2, wherein: after the PC (23) controls the relay switch to be connected, the normally open pinch valve (5) is electrified and closed, the fermentation gas production conduction is blocked, the normally closed pinch valve (11) is electrified and opened, and the conduction water guide pipe (10) enables water in the liquid storage bottle (21) to be pumped into the drainage bottle (9), so that the liquid supplementing function is achieved; after the liquid supplementing is completed, the normally open pinch valve (5) is powered off and opened, and the normally closed pinch valve (11) is powered off and closed, so that fermentation and gas production detection is continued.
4. An automatic biochemical methanogenic potential measuring device according to claim 3, characterized in that: the liquid storage bottle (21) is a glass open bottle and is filled with drainage liquid; when water pumping and fluid supplementing are needed, the PC (23) controls the third relay (19) to be communicated so that the peristaltic pump (16) works, and the peristaltic pump (16) pumps the drainage fluid in the liquid storage bottle (21) to the drainage bottle (9).
5. The automatic biochemical methanogenic potential measuring device according to claim 1, wherein: the data acquisition card (22) is a USB interface data acquisition card of an NI company, and the water bath temperature and the fermentation temperature are respectively monitored through the first temperature sensor (1) and the second temperature sensor (3) in the fermentation process; in the fermentation process, the data of the weighing sensor (25) are monitored in real time, the data are recorded and uploaded to the PC (23) to make judgment, and the working states of the normally-open pinch valve (5), the normally-closed pinch valve (11) and the peristaltic pump (16) are controlled.
6. A method for measuring biochemical methanogenic potential using the device of any one of claims 1-5, comprising the steps of:
(1) Selecting anaerobic sludge of a methane tank with good operation as an inoculum, filtering the inoculum by using a screen mesh with the aperture of 1-2 mm, removing particulate matters affecting uniformity, and activating for 3 days; adding the materials and the inoculated anaerobic sludge into a fermentation bottle (4), wherein the total volume of the added materials and the inoculated anaerobic sludge accounts for 60-75% of the bottle volume; the ratio of the weight of the materials to the weight of the inoculated anaerobic sludge is 1-10:1; the pH value of the mixed solution of the test material and the inoculated anaerobic sludge is set at 7.0+/-0.5; in order to eliminate the influence of biogas generated by inoculant on the final result, a blank control without adding fermentation substrate is arranged in the experiment;
(2) Before the fermentation bottle (4) is capped, high-purity nitrogen is introduced into the water collection bottle (13) for 2-3 minutes so as to replace air in the bottle to form an anaerobic environment; the fermentation bottle (4) is put into a constant temperature water bath (2);
(3) In the gas washing bottle (7) and the water draining bottle (9), the liquid level of the guide pipe is level with the liquid level in the bottle, high-purity nitrogen is introduced into the two bottles for 2-3 minutes, air in the bottles is discharged, an anaerobic environment is formed, the rubber plug is plugged, and the rubber plug is sealed by sealing wax;
(4) A weighing table (14) is built, a water collecting bottle (13) is placed on the weighing table (14), water discharged into the water collecting bottle (13) increases along with the increase of gas production, and resistance value changes generated by stress of a strain gauge of a weighing sensor (25) are converted into output voltage signals through a weight transmitter (15); the empirical equation for the load cell (25) is obtained from a plurality of experimental measurements as follows:
M＝Ap+B
wherein M is the weight of water in the water collecting bottle, v is the output voltage of the weight transmitter, A, B is the parameter value of an empirical equation, and the experimental result is obtained through experiments;
(5) The data acquisition card (22) detects the weight change of the water collecting bottle (13) in real time, when detecting that the weight value exceeds the weight threshold M for the first time 1 When the surface drainage is insufficient, the PC (23) controls the relay switch to be connected, namely the normally open pinch valve (5) is electrified and closed, the normally closed pinch valve (11) is electrified and opened, the peristaltic pump (16) is electrified and works, and liquid is replenished into the drainage bottle (9) from the liquid storage bottle (21); after the fluid infusion is completed, the relay switch is controlled to be turned off, the normally open pinch valve (5) is turned on, the normally closed pinch valve (11) is turned off, the peristaltic pump (16) is turned off to stop working, and the fluid infusion is completed;
(6) Volume V obtained by water draining and gas collecting method 1 I.e. the volume V of methane produced; the data acquisition card (22) is used for periodically acquiring weight and temperature data, and the weight and temperature data are processed and displayed as a gas production curve through the PC (23) until the slope of the gas production curve tends to zero, and the test is stopped;
(7) The actual biomass anaerobic digestion methanogenic potential BMP was calculated as follows:
wherein V is S Cumulative methane volume, V, produced by anaerobic digestion of biomass 0 Methane volume, VS, generated for the blank group 0 The amount of volatile components of the materials is added into the fermentation bottle.
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| CN111781092B (en) * | 2019-04-04 | 2023-09-05 | 应急管理部化学品登记中心 | Sample mixing method for determining gas production rate of substance and water reaction |
| CN110423680A (en) * | 2019-07-29 | 2019-11-08 | 山东大学 | Biogas and biological methane survey the device and its measurement method of gas in real time in a kind of anaerobic fermentation |
| CN110918148A (en) * | 2019-11-15 | 2020-03-27 | 唐山三友化工股份有限公司 | Safe concentrated acid control device |
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