CN108414169B - A kind of high speed rotation shafting dynamic axial load stiffness test method and device - Google Patents
A kind of high speed rotation shafting dynamic axial load stiffness test method and device Download PDFInfo
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- CN108414169B CN108414169B CN201810191240.2A CN201810191240A CN108414169B CN 108414169 B CN108414169 B CN 108414169B CN 201810191240 A CN201810191240 A CN 201810191240A CN 108414169 B CN108414169 B CN 108414169B
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01M—TESTING STATIC OR DYNAMIC BALANCE OF MACHINES OR STRUCTURES; TESTING OF STRUCTURES OR APPARATUS, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- G01M5/00—Investigating the elasticity of structures, e.g. deflection of bridges or air-craft wings
- G01M5/0041—Investigating the elasticity of structures, e.g. deflection of bridges or air-craft wings by determining deflection or stress
- G01M5/005—Investigating the elasticity of structures, e.g. deflection of bridges or air-craft wings by determining deflection or stress by means of external apparatus, e.g. test benches or portable test systems
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01M—TESTING STATIC OR DYNAMIC BALANCE OF MACHINES OR STRUCTURES; TESTING OF STRUCTURES OR APPARATUS, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- G01M5/00—Investigating the elasticity of structures, e.g. deflection of bridges or air-craft wings
- G01M5/0091—Investigating the elasticity of structures, e.g. deflection of bridges or air-craft wings by using electromagnetic excitation or detection
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Abstract
The invention discloses a kind of high speed rotation shafting dynamic axial load stiffness test method and devices, method includes to electromagnetism winding output driving current, record the axial displacement of driving current and displacement sensor output, determine the axial displacement of live spindle, to the axial magnetic attraction of live spindle application, the ratio between the axial displacement of axial magnetic attraction, live spindle that calculating applies to live spindle is as the ratio between the Fourier transformation result of the first dynamic stiffness and/or aforementioned the two of calculating as the second dynamic stiffness；Device includes stator holder and rotor clamper, stator holder is equipped with two electromagnetism winding elements that accommodating hole, displacement sensor and relative rotor fixture are arranged symmetrically, rotor clamper is arranged in accommodating hole, the outer wall of rotor clamper is equipped with turntable, and turntable is arranged between two electromagnetism winding elements.The present invention has the advantages that measurement accuracy height, strong applicability, measurement is convenient, low energy consumption, is able to achieve regulated linear load.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to the dynamic stiffness measuring technologies of high-speed machine tool main shaft, high-speed electric main shaft and high-speed motor, and in particular to
A kind of high speed rotation shafting dynamic axial load stiffness test method and device, for completing high-speed electric main shaft and high-speed motor
Axial non-contact load and dynamic stiffness test.
Background technique
High-speed machine tool main shaft is the core functional components of modern machine, and effect is that band cutter (grinding wheel) or workpiece revolve
Turn, realizes high-speed & precise progressive die.With the continuous improvement that modern industry requires machine finish and processing efficiency, lathe pair
The requirement of main shaft performance is also higher and higher.Rigidity is to measure one of the important indicator of high-speed machine tool main shaft performance.Main axis stiffness packet
Include the Static stiffness under stationary state and dynamic stiffness when running at high speed.Stiffness excitations that are feasible in engineering at present and being widely adopted
Method is Static stiffness test method.But Static stiffness is under the conditions of can not really reflect that main shaft bears chip-load when running at high speed
The ability of resistance to deformation, only dynamic stiffness could the scientific dynamic bearer properties for reflecting main shaft.And the use in engineering at present
Dynamic stiffness test method is due to being difficult to promote the use of there are various limitations.
At present there is dynamic stiffness test method in engineering:
1, non-contact air-bearing loaded type measuring device, the advantage is that, contactless with main shaft, be conducive in high speed rotation
It is loaded under state.Its shortcoming is that: the rigidity of a. air-bearing is smaller, and loading force is limited；B. air bearing loaded type measuring device accounts for
It is also big with space, it is restricted by main shaft extension end space；C. it is difficult to remain air bearing state, the thickness of air film in loading procedure
Only micron dimension, in loading procedure, be easy because load biasing occur gas bearings and main shaft tested surface touch mill accident.
2, contactless liquid suspension loaded type measuring device, load capability is loaded higher than air bearing, but structure is complicated, is held
Liquid leakage easily occurs, is restricted by load space, only specific test main shaft is applicable in.
3, " belt-type " contact measurement device, its advantage is that it is easy to operate, to main shaft space without particular/special requirement.Its deficiency is
" belt " and main shaft direct friction generates heat serious and easy to wear, is not suitable for use when main shaft high speed.
4, it hangs weight and loads measuring device, i.e., be set with rolling bearing in axle stretch end, weight is hung on rolling bearing.This method
It is disadvantageous in that: (1) rigidity of vertical direction can only be measured；(2) when major axis size is larger, bearing size is big, vibrated
Limitation, is only suitable for using in the lower situation of the speed of mainshaft.
5, rolling bearing type loads measuring device, i.e., the outer circle of main shaft projecting end is directly acted on rolling bearing outer circle.
The disadvantage of this method is that: (1) load bearings with main shaft high speed rotation, noise big, and vibration is big, and load bearings are easy fever
And it damages；(2) bearing is that smooth normal direction contacts with main shaft outer circle, and the position for loading contact point is easy to happen offset, causes to test
As a result inaccurate.
6, unidirectional electromagnetism loaded type measuring device, disadvantage is that, (1) electromagnetic force and axle journal are displaced into nonlinear dependence
System, it is difficult to which accurate calibration, test result are easy to happen error；(2) when measured surface is non-magnetic, measurement method is not applicable；(3) axis
Holding with main shaft outer circle is that smooth normal direction contacts, and the position for loading contact point is easy to happen offset, causes test result inaccurate；
(4) when magnetic bearing stator and rotor surface are closer, since electromagnetic attraction increases sharply, it is easy to stick together, in master
In the state of axis high speed rotation, it is easy to frictional heating occur and burn even safety accident.
Summary of the invention
The technical problem to be solved in the present invention: in view of the above problems in the prior art, it is high, applicable to provide a kind of measurement accuracy
Property it is strong, measurement is convenient, low energy consumption, is able to achieve the high speed rotation shafting dynamic axial load stiffness test method of regulated linear load
And device.
In order to solve the above-mentioned technical problem, the technical solution adopted by the present invention are as follows:
The present invention provides a kind of high speed rotation shafting dynamic axial load stiffness test method, and implementation steps include:
1) installed in the live spindle of tested high speed rotation shafting in advance rotor, on stator holder installation for leading to
Cross rotor to live spindle apply axial magnetic attraction two electromagnetism winding elements and at least one for detecting live spindle
The displacement sensor of axial displacement, the electromagnetism winding element include at least one electromagnetism winding, two electromagnetism winding element phases
Rotor is arranged symmetrically；The driving current exported when testing to an electromagnetism winding element is i0+ix, to another electricity
The driving current of magnetic winding element output is i0-ix, wherein i0For benchmark electric current, ixTo control electric current, record changes with time
Driving current and the axial displacement of displacement sensor output, and jump and perform the next step；
2) axial displacement of live spindle is determined according to the axial displacement that displacement sensor exports；
3) the axial magnetic attraction applied to live spindle is determined according to driving current, the axial displacement of live spindle；
4) ratio between the axial displacement of calculating applies to live spindle axial magnetic attraction, live spindle is as test
Obtained the first dynamic stiffness output；And/or calculate the Fourier transformation result of the axial magnetic attraction applied to live spindle, rotation
The second dynamic stiffness output that ratio between the Fourier transformation result of the axial displacement of main shaft is obtained as test.
Preferably, it is specifically referred in step 1) to electromagnetism winding element output driving current: to an electromagnetism winding element
The driving current of output is i0+ix, to another electromagnetism winding element export driving current be i0-ix, wherein i0On the basis of electricity
Stream, ixTo control electric current；Function expression such as formula (1) institute of the axial magnetic attraction applied to live spindle is determined in step 3)
Show:
In formula (1), fxIt (t) is the axial magnetic attraction applied to live spindle, kiFor the electricity between two electromagnetism winding elements
Flow proportionality coefficient, ksFor the displacement scale coefficient between two electromagnetism winding elements, ixTo control electric current, x is the axis of live spindle
To displacement, k is the proportionality coefficient of electromagnetism winding, i0For benchmark electric current, s0For the basis displacement of live spindle, μ0For electromagnetism winding
The magnetic conductivity of core material, N are the coil turn of electromagnetism winding, and A is the cross-sectional area of magnetic circuit.
Preferably, the quantity of displacement sensor is two or more in step 1), is exported in step 2) according to displacement sensor
Axial displacement specifically refer to be made even by the axial displacement that each displacement sensor exports when determining the axial displacement of live spindle
Mean value obtains.
The present invention also provides one kind to load rigidity test side for the aforementioned high speed rotation shafting dynamic axial of the application present invention
The test device of method, including stator holder and rotor clamper, the stator holder be equipped with accommodating hole, displacement sensor with
And two electromagnetism winding elements that relative rotor fixture is arranged symmetrically, the rotor clamper are arranged in accommodating hole, the rotor
The outer wall of fixture is equipped with turntable, and the turntable is arranged between two electromagnetism winding elements, any one of electromagnetism winding
Unit includes at least one electromagnetism winding.
Preferably, described two electromagnetism winding elements have public driving unit, and the driving unit includes addition electricity
Road, subtraction circuit, the first amplifying circuit and the second amplifying circuit, the both inputs of the add circuit, subtraction circuit
End is connected with for benchmark electric current, another input terminal is connected with control electric current, and the output end of the add circuit is put by first
Big circuit is connected with an electromagnetism winding element, and the output end of the subtraction circuit passes through the second amplifying circuit and another electromagnetism
Winding element is connected.
Preferably, the first electromagnetism winding and the second electromagnetism winding that any one of electromagnetism winding element is arranged by gap
Composition, the turntable is between the first electromagnetism winding and the second electromagnetism winding.
Preferably, the stator holder is equipped with inner end cap and dismountable outer end cap, the electromagnetism winding element point
It Jia Chi not be arranged between inner end cap and outer end cap.
Preferably, the inner end of the stator holder is equipped with mounting base, and the stator holder is installed to by mounting base
On the high-speed motor flange of tested high speed rotation shafting.
Preferably, the outside of the rotor clamper is equipped with the locking nut for locking rotor clamper, the locking nut
Rotor clamper is locked and is clamped in the high-speed motor live spindle of tested high speed rotation shafting.
Preferably, two electromagnetism winding elements are arranged on same straight line up and down along the vertical direction.
High speed rotation shafting dynamic axial of the present invention load stiffness test method have it is following the utility model has the advantages that
1, the present invention installs rotor in the live spindle of tested high speed rotation shafting in advance, installs on stator holder
For by rotor to live spindle apply axial magnetic attraction two electromagnetism winding elements and at least one for detecting rotation
Turn the displacement sensor of main shaft axial displacement, electromagnetism winding element includes at least one electromagnetism winding, two electromagnetism winding elements
Relative rotor is arranged symmetrically, and the driving current exported to an electromagnetism winding element is i0+ix, to another electromagnetism winding element
The driving current of output is i0-ix, it is constant by the electric current summation for controlling two electromagnetism winding elements, when the load of electromagnetism winding, master
When axle journal deviates, guarantee that the variable quantity of two electromagnetism winding currents is equal in magnitude, according to the action principle of magnetic attraction, two electromagnetism
The comprehensive active force of winding element just keeps linearly proportional with the increment of electric current, can so eliminate single side electromagnetism and add
What is brought is non-linear, realizes stable linear loading.
2, the present invention include stator holder and rotor clamper, stator holder be equipped with accommodating hole, displacement sensor with
And two electromagnetism winding elements that relative rotor fixture is arranged symmetrically, rotor clamper are arranged in accommodating hole, outside rotor clamper
Wall is equipped with turntable, and turntable is arranged between two electromagnetism winding elements, any one electromagnetism winding element includes at least one
There is gap using the contactless load test form of this kind of stator and rotor in electromagnetism winding, can avoid stator between the two
Rub-impact safety accident.
3, high speed rotation shafting dynamic axial of the present invention loads stiffness test method low noise, and vibration is small, and test environment is good；
Controlled current flow, it is easy to accomplish automation is easy to implement the digitlization and automation of test；Fever is few, and energy consumption is very low, overcomes liquid
The high energy consumption of body gas bearing load.
High speed rotation shafting dynamic axial of the present invention load device for testing stiffness have it is following the utility model has the advantages that
1, the present invention include stator holder and rotor clamper, stator holder be equipped with accommodating hole, displacement sensor with
And two electromagnetism winding elements that relative rotor fixture is arranged symmetrically, rotor clamper are arranged in accommodating hole, outside rotor clamper
Wall is equipped with turntable, and turntable is arranged between two electromagnetism winding elements, any one electromagnetism winding element includes at least one
Electromagnetism winding, can be constant by two electromagnetism winding element electric current summations of control, when the load of electromagnetism winding, trunnion offset,
Guarantee that the variable quantity of two electromagnetism winding element electric currents is equal in magnitude, according to the action principle of magnetic attraction, two electromagnetism winding lists
The active force of metasynthesis just keeps linearly proportional with the increment of electric current, can so eliminate single side electromagnetism loaded ribbon
It is non-linear, realize stable linear loading.
2, stator holder of the present invention is equipped with two that accommodating hole, displacement sensor and relative rotor fixture are arranged symmetrically
A electromagnetism winding element, rotor clamper are arranged in accommodating hole, and the outer wall of rotor clamper is equipped with turntable, and turntable is arranged in two
Between electromagnetism winding element, any one electromagnetism winding element include at least one electromagnetism winding, displacement sensor and electromagnetism around
Group and stator assembly be an entirety, servo-motor silicon steel sheet rotor is corresponding with displacement sensor tested surface, electromagnetism winding load when
It waits, the displacement of measured surface generation can be measured simultaneously to calculate dynamic stiffness.
3, stator holder of the present invention is equipped with accommodating hole, displacement sensor and electromagnetism winding element and stator holder
Flange coupling directly with high-speed electric main shaft or high-speed motor is integrated, and rigidity is good, it is easy to accomplish load avoids individually designed
The trouble of testboard bay and fixed magnetic bearing stator module and thus bring error.
4, stator holder of the present invention is equipped with accommodating hole, and rotor clamper and servo-motor silicon steel sheet rotor can be made standardised series
The test original part of change is made into different standard components according to different electro spindles or motor overhanging end interface；Equally, stator is fixed
Seat, electromagnetism winding and displacement sensor may be alternatively configured the test component of standardised series, according to electro spindle or motor flange
Different structure is made into different standard components, is conducive to promote and apply, strong applicability.
5, the present invention include stator holder and rotor clamper, stator holder be equipped with accommodating hole, displacement sensor with
And two electromagnetism winding elements that relative rotor fixture is arranged symmetrically, rotor clamper are arranged in accommodating hole, outside rotor clamper
Wall is equipped with turntable, and turntable is arranged between two electromagnetism winding elements, any one electromagnetism winding element includes at least one
There is gap using the contactless load test form of this kind of stator and rotor in electromagnetism winding, can avoid stator between the two
Rub-impact safety accident.
6, apparatus of the present invention low noise, vibration is small, and test environment is good；Controlled current flow, it is easy to accomplish automation is easy to implement
The digitlization and automation of test；Fever is few, and energy consumption is very low, overcomes the high energy consumption of liquefied gas bearing load.
Detailed description of the invention
Fig. 1 is the schematic cross-sectional view of the device of that embodiment of the invention.
Fig. 2 is the circuit theory schematic diagram of driving unit in the embodiment of the present invention.
Marginal data: 1, stator holder；10, accommodating hole；11, inner end cap；12, outer end cap；13, mounting base；2, rotor
Fixture；21, turntable；22, locking nut；3, electromagnetism winding element；301, the first electromagnetism winding；302, the second electromagnetism winding；31,
Add circuit；32, subtraction circuit；33, the first amplifying circuit；34, the second amplifying circuit；4, displacement sensor.
Specific embodiment
Embodiment one:
The present embodiment high speed rotation shafting dynamic axial load stiffness test method implementation steps include:
1) installed in the live spindle of tested high speed rotation shafting in advance rotor, on stator holder installation for leading to
Cross rotor to live spindle apply axial magnetic attraction two electromagnetism winding elements and at least one for detecting live spindle
The displacement sensor of axial displacement, the electromagnetism winding element include at least one electromagnetism winding, two electromagnetism winding element phases
Rotor is arranged symmetrically；The driving current exported when testing to an electromagnetism winding element is i0+ix, to another electricity
The driving current of magnetic winding element output is i0-ix, wherein i0For benchmark electric current, ixTo control electric current, record changes with time
Driving current and the axial displacement of displacement sensor output, and jump and perform the next step；
2) axial displacement of live spindle is determined according to the axial displacement that displacement sensor exports；
3) the axial magnetic attraction applied to live spindle is determined according to driving current, the axial displacement of live spindle；
4) ratio between the axial displacement of calculating applies to live spindle axial magnetic attraction, live spindle is as test
Obtained the first dynamic stiffness output.
In the present embodiment, the function expression such as formula (1) of the axial magnetic attraction applied to live spindle is determined in step 3)
It is shown:
In formula (1), fxIt (t) is the axial magnetic attraction applied to live spindle, kiFor the electricity between two electromagnetism winding elements
Flow proportionality coefficient, ksFor the displacement scale coefficient between two electromagnetism winding elements, ixTo control electric current, x is the axis of live spindle
To displacement, k is the proportionality coefficient of electromagnetism winding, i0For benchmark electric current, s0For the basis displacement of live spindle.
For single electromagnetism winding, shown in the expression formula such as formula (1-1) of the magnetic attraction generated；
In formula (1-1), FcFor the magnetic attraction that electromagnetism winding generates, μ0For the magnetic conductivity of electromagnetism winding core material, N is electricity
The coil turn of magnetic winding, A be magnetic circuit cross-sectional area, i be electromagnetism winding size of current, δ be electromagnetism winding magnetic pole with
The distance between rotor end-face, k are the proportionality coefficient of electromagnetism winding.From formula (1-1) as can be seen that the magnetic that electromagnetism winding generates
Power FcIt is square directly proportional to the size of current i's of electromagnetism winding, the distance between the magnetic pole of electromagnetism winding and rotor end-face δ's
It square is inversely proportional；Therefore, the magnetic attraction F that electromagnetism winding generatescWith the size of current i of electromagnetism winding, electromagnetism winding magnetic pole with
Nonlinear relationship is presented in the distance between rotor end-face δ, is unfavorable for the regulation and control of loaded load in operation.
In view of the above technical problems, installation is used to apply the two of axial magnetic attraction to live spindle by rotor on flange in the present embodiment
A electromagnetism winding element, two electromagnetism winding element relative rotors are arranged symmetrically, and are further used as shown in formula (1-2), side
Linearisation (i.e. size of current i, the electromagnetism winding element of the plus load of magnetic attraction and electromagnetism winding element of formula realization magnetic attraction
Magnetic pole and the distance between rotor end-face δ it is linearly proportional), so that determining the axis applied to live spindle in step 3)
Shown in function expression such as formula (1) to magnetic attraction；
In formula (1-2), f1(t) the axial magnetic attraction applied for an electromagnetism winding element to live spindle, f2It (t) is another
The axial magnetic attraction that one electromagnetism winding element applies to live spindle, each parameter connotation is identical as formula (1), herein no longer
It repeats.
In the present embodiment, the quantity of displacement sensor is two in step 1), is exported in step 2) according to displacement sensor
Axial displacement specifically refer to be made even by the axial displacement that each displacement sensor exports when determining the axial displacement of live spindle
Mean value obtains.
As shown in Figure 1, for the test using the present embodiment high speed rotation shafting dynamic axial load stiffness test method
Device includes stator holder 1 and rotor clamper 2, and stator holder 1 is equipped with accommodating hole 10, displacement sensor 4 and opposite
Two electromagnetism winding elements 3 that rotor clamper 2 is arranged symmetrically, rotor clamper 2 are arranged in accommodating hole 10, outside rotor clamper 2
Wall is equipped with turntable 21, and turntable 21 is arranged between two electromagnetism winding elements 3, any one electromagnetism winding element 3 includes extremely
A few electromagnetism winding.Stator holder 1 is the support construction of two electromagnetism winding elements 3, while being tested high speed with tested
The flange of rotary axis is connected as an entirety by bolt etc..Rotor clamper 2 be it is discoid, rotor clamper 2 with main shaft high speed
Rotation bears added load, transfers load to main shaft；Since it is connected as one with main shaft, what displacement sensor 4 detected
The axial displacement of its axial displacement namely main shaft.
Referring to Fig. 1, two displacement sensors 4 are set in the present embodiment on stator holder 1.The displacement sensor 4 in left side is surveyed
The displacement variable of left side under the action of axial load of rotor clamper 2 is measured, the displacement sensor 4 on right side measures rotor clamper
2 under the action of axial load right side displacement variable, two displacement sensors 4 output displacement by calibration after it is defeated
Displacement out is absolute displacement, to be convenient to for the axial displacement that each displacement sensor 4 exports being averaged.
After 3 galvanization of electromagnetism winding element in left side, the induction of magnetic pole electric current generates magnetic field, produces to the end face of rotor clamper 2
The size of raw magnetic attraction to the left, electric current changes, and magnetic attraction can accordingly change；After 3 galvanization of electromagnetism winding element on right side, magnetic
Electrode current induction generates magnetic field, generates magnetic attraction to the right to the end face of rotor clamper 2, the size of electric current changes, magnetic attraction meeting
It is corresponding to change；In the present embodiment, two electromagnetism winding elements 3 have public driving unit, as shown in Fig. 2, driving unit packet
Include add circuit 31, subtraction circuit 32, the first amplifying circuit 33 and the second amplifying circuit 34, add circuit 31, subtraction circuit
32 both an input terminal be connected with for benchmark electric current, another input terminal with control electric current be connected, add circuit 31 it is defeated
Outlet is connected by the first amplifying circuit 33 with an electromagnetism winding element 3, and the output end of subtraction circuit 32 passes through the second amplification
Circuit 34 is connected with another electromagnetism winding element 3.
In the present embodiment, the first electromagnetism winding 301 and the second electromagnetism that any one electromagnetism winding element 3 is arranged by gap
Winding 302 forms, and turntable 21 is made between the first electromagnetism winding 301 and the second electromagnetism winding 302 by doublewound mode
It is more preferable to obtain driveability, the first electromagnetism winding 301 and the second electromagnetism winding 302 can be each other in series or parallel as needed, with
Ensure to realize linearisation (i.e. size of current i, the electromagnetism winding list of the plus load of magnetic attraction and electromagnetism winding element of magnetic attraction
The distance between the magnetic pole and rotor end-face of member δ is linearly proportional).
In the present embodiment, stator holder 1 is equipped with inner end cap 11 and dismountable outer end cap 12, electromagnetism winding element 3
Clamping is arranged between inner end cap 11 and outer end cap 12 respectively.Outer end cap 12 is connected as one by bolt and stator holder 1
It is whole, while being used as the support construction of the electromagnetism winding element 3 in left side and the displacement sensor 4 in left side；The then conduct of inner end cap 11
The support construction of the displacement sensor 4 of the electromagnetism winding element 3 and left side on right side.
In the present embodiment, the inner end of stator holder 1 is equipped with mounting base 13, and stator holder 1 is installed by mounting base 13
Onto the high-speed motor flange of tested high speed rotation shafting.In the present embodiment, the outside of rotor clamper 2 is equipped with to be turned for locking
Rotor clamper 2 is locked and is clamped to the high speed of tested high speed rotation shafting by the locking nut 22 of sub-folder tool 2, locking nut 22
In motor live spindle.Tested high speed rotation shafting is as measurand, and high speed is revolved when high-speed motor live spindle works
Turn, be subject to the part of loaded load, radial displacement is also the parameter tested by sensor；The flange of high-speed motor: as
The connected support structure of electromagnetism winding seat is considered as fixed structure in the course of work；Electromagnetism winding element 3 is powered to rotor
When fixture 2 generates magnetic attraction load, electromagnetism winding element 3 can also react on motor flange.
In the present embodiment, two electromagnetism winding elements 3 are arranged on same straight line up and down along the vertical direction.
In the present embodiment, two electromagnetism winding elements 3 are arranged on same straight line up and down along the vertical direction, referring to fig. 2,
Winding element 3#2, f under electromagnetically winding element 3#1 and electromagnetism are respectively labeled as in the present embodimentxApply to live spindle
Axial magnetic attraction, x are the axial displacement of live spindle.Electromagnetically the first electromagnetism winding 301 and the second electromagnetism of winding element 3#1
After 302 galvanization of winding, electric current induction generates magnetic field, generates axial magnetic attraction to the right to turntable 21, the size of electric current changes
Become, magnetic attraction can accordingly change；The first electromagnetism winding 301 of winding 3#2 and the second electromagnetism winding 302 pass through galvanization under electromagnetism
Afterwards, electric current induction generates magnetic field, generates magnetic attraction to the right to turntable 21；The size of electric current changes, and magnetic attraction can accordingly change.
Embodiment two:
The present embodiment is basically the same as the first embodiment, and main distinction point is only to calculate to apply to live spindle in step 4)
Ratio between the Fourier transformation result of the axial magnetic attraction added, the Fourier transformation result of the axial displacement of live spindle is made
To test the second obtained dynamic stiffness output.Shown in the function expression such as formula (2) for calculating the second dynamic stiffness:
In formula (2), K (ω) is the second dynamic stiffness (amount varying with frequency), and F (ω) is the axial direction applied to live spindle
The Fourier transformation of magnetic attraction f (t) is as a result, X (ω) is the Fourier transformation of the axial displacement x (t) of live spindle as a result, f (t)
For the axial magnetic attraction applied to live spindle, x (t) is the axial displacement of live spindle, and t is the time.
Embodiment three:
The present embodiment is basically the same as the first embodiment, and main distinction point is not only to calculate to apply to live spindle in step 1)
The first dynamic stiffness output that ratio between the axial displacement of the axial magnetic attraction, live spindle that add is obtained as test, simultaneously
The Fourier of the Fourier transformation result, the axial displacement of live spindle that also calculate the axial magnetic attraction applied to live spindle becomes
The second dynamic stiffness output that the ratio changed between result is obtained as test, for details, reference can be made to embodiments for the calculating of the second dynamic stiffness
Two.
Example IV:
The present embodiment is basically the same as the first embodiment, and main distinction point is that the quantity of displacement sensor in step 1) is single
It is a, thus in step 2) according to displacement sensor export axial displacement determine the axial displacement of live spindle when, displacement sensing
The axial displacement of device output is the axial displacement of live spindle.In addition it is also possible to which the substantially increase in embodiment one is more
The displacement sensor of (> 2) determines the axial displacement of live spindle in step 2) according to the axial displacement of displacement sensor output
When, it can also equally use and be averaged to obtain the axial position of live spindle by the axial displacement that each displacement sensor exports
It moves.
Embodiment five:
The present embodiment is basically the same as the first embodiment, and main distinction point is that each electromagnetism winding element 3 includes individually
Electromagnetism winding, driving method are the same as example 1, therefore details are not described herein.In addition it is also possible to as needed by each
Electromagnetism winding element 3 arranges more electromagnetism windings, and principle is the same as example 1, and details are not described herein.
Although the present invention has been disclosed as a preferred embodiment, however, it is not intended to limit the invention.It is any to be familiar with ability
The technical staff in domain, without deviating from the scope of the technical scheme of the present invention, all using the technology contents pair of the disclosure above
Technical solution of the present invention makes many possible changes and modifications or equivalent example modified to equivalent change.Therefore, all
Without departing from the content of technical solution of the present invention, according to the present invention technical spirit any simple modification made to the above embodiment,
Equivalent variations and modification, all shall fall within the protection scope of the technical scheme of the invention.
Claims (10)
1. a kind of high speed rotation shafting dynamic axial loads stiffness test method, it is characterised in that implementation steps include:
1) installed in the live spindle of tested high speed rotation shafting in advance rotor, on stator holder installation for by turning
Son to live spindle apply axial magnetic attraction two electromagnetism winding elements and at least one for detecting live spindle axial direction
The displacement sensor of displacement, the electromagnetism winding element include at least one electromagnetism winding, and two electromagnetism winding elements are opposite to be turned
Son is arranged symmetrically；The driving current exported when testing to an electromagnetism winding element is i0+ix, to another electromagnetism around
The driving current of group unit output is i0-ix, wherein i0For benchmark electric current, ixTo control electric current, the driving that changes with time is recorded
Electric current and the axial displacement of displacement sensor output, and jump and perform the next step；
2) axial displacement of live spindle is determined according to the axial displacement that displacement sensor exports；
3) the axial magnetic attraction applied to live spindle is determined according to driving current, the axial displacement of live spindle；
4) ratio between the axial displacement of calculating applies to live spindle axial magnetic attraction, live spindle is obtained as test
The first dynamic stiffness output；And/or calculate Fourier transformation result, the live spindle of the axial magnetic attraction applied to live spindle
Axial displacement Fourier transformation result between ratio as test obtain the second dynamic stiffness output.
2. high speed rotation shafting dynamic axial according to claim 1 loads stiffness test method, which is characterized in that step
3) shown in the function expression such as formula (1) for determining the axial magnetic attraction applied to live spindle in:
In formula (1), fxIt (t) is the axial magnetic attraction applied to live spindle, kiElectric current ratio between two electromagnetism winding elements
Example coefficient, ksFor the displacement scale coefficient between two electromagnetism winding elements, ixTo control electric current, x is the axial position of live spindle
It moves, k is the proportionality coefficient of electromagnetism winding, i0For benchmark electric current, s0For the basis displacement of live spindle, μ0For electromagnetism winding iron core
The magnetic conductivity of material, N are the coil turn of electromagnetism winding, and A is the cross-sectional area of magnetic circuit.
3. high speed rotation shafting dynamic axial according to claim 1 loads stiffness test method, which is characterized in that step
1) quantity of displacement sensor is two or more in, is determined in step 2) according to the axial displacement of displacement sensor output and rotates master
It specifically refers to be averaged to obtain by the axial displacement that each displacement sensor exports when the axial displacement of axis.
4. a kind of load stiffness test method for any one of application claims 1 to 3 high speed rotation shafting dynamic axial
Test device, it is characterised in that: including stator holder (1) and rotor clamper (2), the stator holder (1), which is equipped with, holds
Set two electromagnetism winding elements (3) that hole (10), displacement sensor (4) and relative rotor fixture (2) are arranged symmetrically, described turn
Sub-folder tool (2) is arranged in accommodating hole (10), and the outer wall of the rotor clamper (2) is equipped with turntable (21), the turntable (21)
Be arranged between two electromagnetism winding elements (3), any one of electromagnetism winding element (3) include at least one electromagnetism around
Group.
5. test device according to claim 4, it is characterised in that: described two electromagnetism winding elements (3) have public
Driving unit, the driving unit includes add circuit (31), subtraction circuit (32), the first amplifying circuit (33) and second
Amplifying circuit (34), the add circuit (31), subtraction circuit (32) both an input terminal and i0Be connected for benchmark electric current,
Another input terminal and control electric current ixIt is connected, the output end of the add circuit (31) passes through the first amplifying circuit (33) and one
A electromagnetism winding element (3) is connected, and the output end of the subtraction circuit (32) passes through the second amplifying circuit (34) and another electricity
Magnetic winding element (3) is connected.
6. test device according to claim 4, it is characterised in that: any one of electromagnetism winding element (3) by
First electromagnetism winding (301) of gap arrangement and the second electromagnetism winding (302) composition, the turntable (21) are located at the first electromagnetism winding
(301) between the second electromagnetism winding (302).
7. test device according to claim 4, it is characterised in that: the stator holder (1) is equipped with inner end cap
(11) it clamps be arranged in inner end cap (11) and outer end cap respectively with dismountable outer end cap (12), the electromagnetism winding element (3)
(12) between.
8. test device according to claim 4, it is characterised in that: the inner end of the stator holder (1) is equipped with installation
Seat (13), the stator holder (1) are installed to the high-speed motor flange of tested high speed rotation shafting by mounting base (13)
On.
9. test device according to claim 4, it is characterised in that: the outside of the rotor clamper (2) is equipped with for locking
Rotor clamper (2) are locked and are clamped to tested height by the locking nut (22) of tight rotor clamper (2), the locking nut (22)
In the high-speed motor live spindle of fast rotary axis.
10. test device according to claim 4, it is characterised in that: two electromagnetism winding elements (3) along the vertical direction on
Under be arranged on same straight line.
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| CN109765015B (en) * | 2018-12-19 | 2021-09-21 | 广州市昊志机电股份有限公司 | Method and device for testing radial dynamic stiffness of main shaft |
| CN109765016B (en) * | 2018-12-19 | 2021-08-20 | 广州市昊志机电股份有限公司 | Method and device for testing axial dynamic stiffness of main shaft |
| CN110702441B (en) * | 2019-10-14 | 2024-05-28 | 上海交通大学 | Simulation experiment device suitable for high-speed rotating casing |
| CN110967129B (en) * | 2019-12-05 | 2021-11-12 | 中国航发四川燃气涡轮研究院 | High-temperature rotor system axial force testing system and method |
| CN113776445A (en) * | 2021-07-20 | 2021-12-10 | 重庆大学 | Single-frequency-interference rotor and stator axial clearance high-speed dynamic measurement method |
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