CN110967129B - High-temperature rotor system axial force testing system and method - Google Patents
High-temperature rotor system axial force testing system and method Download PDFInfo
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- CN110967129B CN110967129B CN201911234855.XA CN201911234855A CN110967129B CN 110967129 B CN110967129 B CN 110967129B CN 201911234855 A CN201911234855 A CN 201911234855A CN 110967129 B CN110967129 B CN 110967129B
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01L—MEASURING FORCE, STRESS, TORQUE, WORK, MECHANICAL POWER, MECHANICAL EFFICIENCY, OR FLUID PRESSURE
- G01L1/00—Measuring force or stress, in general
- G01L1/08—Measuring force or stress, in general by the use of counterbalancing forces
- G01L1/086—Measuring force or stress, in general by the use of counterbalancing forces using electrostatic or electromagnetic counterbalancing forces
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01M—TESTING STATIC OR DYNAMIC BALANCE OF MACHINES OR STRUCTURES; TESTING OF STRUCTURES OR APPARATUS, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- G01M13/00—Testing of machine parts
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Abstract
The invention provides an axial force testing system of a high-temperature rotor system, which comprises a rotating shaft (1), a base (2), an electromagnetic device (3), a displacement disc (4), a sensor mounting seat (5), a radial bearing (6), a displacement sensor (7), a temperature sensor (8), a current sensor (9), a power amplifier (10), a control system (11) and a PC (12). The axial force testing system of the high-temperature rotor system provided by the invention adopts a non-contact measuring mode, can measure the bidirectional axial force after being installed once, and meanwhile, the testing device does not introduce extra interference to the rotor system, so that the service life is relatively long.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the technical field of mechanical design, test and control, and particularly relates to a system and a method for testing axial force of a high-temperature rotor system.
Background
The axial force of the rotor system is one of the key parameters required for assessing structural strength, bearing life, operating conditions, etc. In some rotor application occasions where the axial force is dominant, such as heavy vertical rotors, axial-flow compressors, aircraft engines, heavy gas turbines and the like, accurate acquisition of the axial force of the rotor is very important for system performance and service life evaluation.
Currently, the direct method and indirect method are mainly used for measuring the axial force of a rotor system in the industry (ma qian, wu hu, guo xin., (research and application of axial force measurement and application of core machine, measurement and control technology, 2013, 23(6), 39-42). The direct method generally adopts a stress ring to directly contact and measure the axial force of a shafting. In this measuring method, a strain ring to which a plurality of strain gauges are bonded is generally placed beside a rolling bearing (or thrust bearing), and a rotor axial force acts on the strain ring through the bearing. The strain gauge is stressed and deformed, the strain leads to the change of the resistance of a circuit of the strain gauge, the change of the resistance value is converted into the change of voltage through a bridge circuit, and then the force is converted through the voltage. The strain ring (strain gauge) needs to be calibrated before use. The method has the advantages of simple structure, small measurement error and low cost. However, two stress rings are needed for measuring the bidirectional axial force by using the method, and the strain gauge is easy to damage in the process of disassembling and assembling the stress rings. Meanwhile, the method has high requirements on bearing coaxiality, bearing installation and the like, otherwise, large errors (from radial load, bearing pretightening force and the like) are introduced. In addition, the stress ring cannot be used in high temperature applications due to the structural limitations of the strain gage itself. The indirect method is adopted when the stress ring is inconvenient to install, and is mainly applied to some special rotor application occasions. For example, in an axial flow pump, the axial force can be converted by measuring the pressure difference between the front and the back of the impeller; sometimes the axial force can be calculated indirectly using the vibration acceleration. However, this method is limited by the application of the rotor system and is not applicable to all rotor systems.
Disclosure of Invention
The purpose of the invention is as follows: in order to solve the above problems, the present invention provides a non-contact system and method for testing axial force of a rotor, which can measure bidirectional axial force and can be used in higher temperature situations.
Technical scheme
The invention provides an axial force testing system of a high-temperature rotor system, which comprises a rotating shaft (1), a base (2), an electromagnetic device (3), a displacement disc (4), a sensor mounting seat (5), a radial bearing (6), a displacement sensor (7), a temperature sensor (8), a current sensor (9), a power amplifier (10), a control system (11) and a PC (12).
Preferably, the electromagnetic device (3) comprises a stator (15), a coil (16) wound in a slot of the stator (15), suction discs (17) symmetrically arranged with the stator (15) and partition discs (18) arranged between the suction discs;
after the coil (16) is electrified, the stator (15) and the suction disc (17) form a magnetic circuit to generate electromagnetic suction;
the electromagnetic attraction force formed between the stator (15) and the attraction disc (17) is in the axial direction; the separation disc (18) is made of non-magnetic metal.
Preferably, the stator (15) and the suction disc (17) are made of a high permeability soft magnetic alloy.
Preferably, the curie temperature of the high permeability soft magnetic alloy is higher than the temperature of the use environment.
Preferably, after the coil (16) is wound and formed, the coil is coated with a heat insulating material.
Preferably, the sensor is externally coated with a thermal insulation ceramic.
Preferably, the controller (11) collects signals from the displacement sensor (7), converts the signals into control signals after calculation, and transmits the control signals to the electromagnetic device (3) after the control signals are amplified by the power amplifier (10).
Preferably, the radial bearing (6) is a roller bearing.
Another object of the present invention is to provide a method for testing axial force of a high temperature rotor system, the method comprising the steps of:
s1: the displacement sensor (7) collects position signals of the rotor and transmits the position signals to the controller (11);
s2: the controller (11) calculates and sends corresponding control current to the power amplifier (10) by using the rotor displacement signal;
s3: the power amplifier (10) amplifies current and then transmits the current to the electromagnetic device (3), an excitation coil (16) in the electromagnetic device (3) generates a magnetic field, electromagnetic suction is applied to a suction disc (17) to balance axial force of a rotor;
s4: the PC (12) calculates the electromagnetic force through the intensity of the exciting current fed back by the controller (11), and the axial force of the rotor at the moment is equal to the electromagnetic force according to the principle of axial stress balance of the rotor, so that the axial force of the rotor is obtained.
Advantageous effects
1. The invention adopts a non-contact measurement mode, can measure the bidirectional axial force after being installed once, and simultaneously, the testing device does not introduce additional interference to a rotor system, and has relatively long service life;
2. the electromagnetic device contained in the axial force testing system of the high-temperature rotor system provided by the invention can play a role of a thrust bearing, so that a special thrust bearing can be omitted during testing, and the structure of the rotor system is simplified;
3. the electromagnetic device, the displacement disc, the displacement sensor and other parts in the axial force testing system of the high-temperature rotor system are high-temperature resistant, and the axial force of the rotor can be measured in a high-temperature environment (less than 300 ℃);
4. each testing device can be separated from the tested system to be calibrated and calibrated independently, and can be repeatedly used after being calibrated once, so that the testing procedure is simplified.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a block diagram of a test system according to an embodiment of the present invention
FIG. 2 is a diagram showing a structure of an electromagnetic device according to an embodiment of the present invention
FIG. 3 is a schematic diagram of the current and magnetic induction lines of an electromagnetic device in an embodiment of the present invention
FIG. 4 is a flow chart of signal processing in the present invention
Wherein: 1, a rotating shaft; 2: a base; 3: an electromagnetic device; 4: a displacement tray; 5: a sensor mount; 6: a radial bearing; 7: a displacement sensor; 8: a temperature sensor; 9: a current sensor; 10: a power amplifier; 11: a controller; 12: PC; 13: a high temperature zone; 14: a heat insulating ring; 15: a stator; 16: a coil; 17: a suction tray; 18: a partition plate.
Detailed Description
The invention is further explained below with reference to the drawings.
Fig. 1 is a block diagram of a test system for measuring bidirectional axial force of a rotor system according to the present invention.
The system comprises a rotating shaft (1), a base (2), an electromagnetic device (3), a displacement disc (4), a sensor mounting seat (5), a radial bearing (6), a displacement sensor (7), a temperature sensor (8), a current sensor (9), a power amplifier (10), a control system (11) and a PC (12).
The electromagnetic device (3) comprises a stator (15), a coil (16) wound in a slot of the stator (15), suction discs (17) symmetrically arranged with the stator (15) and partition discs (18) arranged between the suction discs; after the coil (16) is electrified, the stator (15) and the suction disc (17) form a magnetic circuit to generate electromagnetic suction; the electromagnetic attraction force formed between the stator (15) and the attraction disc (17) is in the axial direction; the separation disc (18) is made of non-magnetic metal. The stator (15) and the suction disc (17) are made of soft magnetic alloy with high magnetic permeability Curie temperature higher than the temperature of the use environment. After the coil (16) is wound and formed, the coil is coated with a heat insulating material.
The sensor is externally coated with a thermally insulating ceramic.
The controller (11) collects signals from the displacement sensor (7), converts the signals into control signals after calculation, and transmits the control signals to the electromagnetic device (3) after the control signals are amplified by the power amplifier (10).
The radial bearing (6) is a roller bearing, and the bearing only provides radial force and does not provide axial force. Since the cylindrical roller bearing requires lubricating oil or grease for lubrication and cannot withstand excessive temperatures, the two radial bearings are isolated outside the high temperature zone (13) by two heat-insulating rings (14).
An electromagnetic device (3), a displacement disc (4), a sensor mounting seat (5) and a displacement sensor (7) are arranged in the high-temperature area. When the electromagnetic device is installed, the suction disc (17) and the partition disc (18) are firstly sleeved on the tested rotating shaft (1) in an interference manner, and then the stator (15) and the coil (16) are installed. The displacement disc (4) is also sleeved on the rotating shaft (1). The sensor mounting seat (5) is fixedly connected on the rotor base or the shell, and a displacement sensor is mounted on the sensor mounting seat. The temperature sensor (8) can be mounted on the sensor mounting seat (5) together with the displacement sensor (7), or can be mounted on a base or a shell which is close to the displacement sensor (7). The other devices are connected schematically in fig. 1 and are debugged to a normal operating state. After the rotor system starts to operate, the currents of the two excitation coils are sent to the current sensor (9) through the cable, and referring to fig. 2, the current in the left coil is assumed to be i1The current in the right coil is i2. In the electromagnetic device (3), an initial gap x is formed between the left and right suction plates (17) and the left and right stators (15) when the electromagnetic device is installed0. If the displacement sensor (7) detects an axial displacement x of the rotor, the electromagnetic device (3) generates an axial force on the shaft of
Wherein, mu0The magnetic permeability is vacuum magnetic permeability, S is the projection area of the unilateral stator on the suction disc, and n is the number of turns of the coil. After the electromagnetic device (3) is machined, S and n are determined, so that FeBy only two coil currents i1And i2It was determined that the current and magnetic induction in the electromagnetic device are schematically shown in fig. 3.
For rotors, there are equilibrium equations
Wherein m is the mass of the rotor,
is the rotor axial acceleration. After the controller (11) adopts a PID control algorithm, the axial position of the rotor only makes small play near the balance position,
the value is extremely small, so that it can be considered that
Fe＝F (3)
Furthermore, if the rotor mass m is known in advance, it is obtained by differentiating the displacement signal x twice
These two values can be taken into equation (2) to obtain a more accurate F value.
In the process, the two coil currents are continuously collected by the controller, the electromagnetic force provided by each instantaneous electromagnetic device (3) can be obtained by converting the formula (1), and then the axial force applied to the rotor can be obtained by using the formula (2) or the formula (3). In general, the high temperature affects the accuracy of the displacement sensor (7) and causes temperature drift, and at this time, the signal of the displacement sensor (7) can be corrected and compensated by the signal of the temperature sensor (8). The flow chart of the working principle of the whole test system is shown in figure 4.
When the electromagnetic device (3) is used for the first time, due to the influence of factors such as machining errors and material parameter errors, the electromagnetic force calculated by directly using the formula (1) may have errors with the actual electromagnetic force, and at the moment, the electromagnetic device (3) needs to be calibrated at one time. When the controller works normally, the axial displacement x is extremely small, and the electromagnetic force can be linearized in the small range, namely
Fe＝ki(i1-i2)+kxx (4)
In the formula ki，kxAre constants that are related only to the structure. The formula (4) can be utilized to calibrate the axial electromagnetic force provided by the current intensity continuously changed and simultaneously measure the axial electromagnetic force, so as to obtain ki，kxAnd (4) parameters. In later use, it may not be necessary to recalibrate before each use, as long as the electromagnetic device (3) is not disassembled.
The above description is only for the purpose of illustrating the preferred embodiments of the present invention and is not to be construed as limiting the invention, and any modifications, equivalents, improvements and the like that fall within the spirit and principle of the present invention are intended to be included therein.
Claims (5)
1. The axial force testing system of the high-temperature rotor system is characterized by comprising a rotating shaft (1), a base (2), an electromagnetic device (3), a displacement disc (4), a sensor mounting seat (5), a radial bearing (6), a displacement sensor (7), a temperature sensor (8), a current sensor (9), a power amplifier (10), a controller (11) and a PC (12);
the electromagnetic device (3) comprises a stator (15), a coil (16) wound in a slot of the stator (15), suction discs (17) symmetrically arranged with the stator (15) and partition discs (18) arranged between the suction discs;
after the coil (16) is electrified, the stator (15) and the suction disc (17) form a magnetic circuit to generate electromagnetic suction;
the electromagnetic attraction force formed between the stator (15) and the attraction disc (17) is in the axial direction;
the separation disc (18) is made of non-magnetic metal;
the controller (11) collects signals from the displacement sensor (7), converts the signals into control signals after calculation, and transmits the control signals to the electromagnetic device (3) after the control signals are amplified by the power amplifier (10);
the radial bearing (6) adopts a roller bearing, and the radial bearing (6) is isolated outside a high-temperature area (13) by a heat-insulating ring (14);
electromagnetic means (3), displacement dish (4), sensor mount pad (5) and displacement sensor (7) are installed in high temperature region (13), and displacement dish (4), suction dish (17) and partition dish (18) suit are on pivot (1), and sensor mount pad (5) link firmly on rotor base or casing, and displacement sensor (7) are installed on sensor mount pad (5), and temperature sensor (8) are installed on sensor mount pad (5).
2. A high temperature rotor system axial force testing system as claimed in claim 1 wherein the stator (15) and the suction disc (17) are made of a high permeability soft magnetic alloy.
3. A high temperature rotor system axial force testing system as claimed in claim 2 wherein said high permeability soft magnetic alloy has a curie temperature higher than the use environment temperature.
4. The high-temperature rotor system axial force testing system of claim 1, wherein the coil (16) is coated with a heat insulating material after being wound and formed.
5. A high temperature rotor system axial force testing method, characterized in that the method uses the high temperature rotor system axial force testing system according to any one of claims 1-4, comprising the steps of:
s1: the displacement sensor (7) collects position signals of the rotor and transmits the position signals to the controller (11);
s2: the controller (11) calculates and sends corresponding control current to the power amplifier (10) by using the rotor displacement signal;
s3: the power amplifier (10) amplifies current and then transmits the current to the electromagnetic device (3), a coil (16) in the electromagnetic device (3) generates a magnetic field, electromagnetic suction is applied to the suction disc (17) to balance axial force of a rotor;
s4: the PC (12) calculates the electromagnetic force through the intensity of the exciting current fed back by the controller (11), and the axial force of the rotor at the moment is equal to the electromagnetic force according to the principle of axial stress balance of the rotor, so that the axial force of the rotor is obtained.
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| CN112523900B (en) * | 2020-11-30 | 2022-03-04 | 西安航天动力研究所 | Device for measuring axial force of turbine pump |
| CN113028969B (en) * | 2021-05-24 | 2021-08-17 | 天津飞旋科技股份有限公司 | Method and device for measuring rotor elongation |
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| CN114264399A (en) * | 2021-10-25 | 2022-04-01 | 浙江零跑科技股份有限公司 | Method for testing axial force of rotor of pure electric vehicle drive assembly |
| CN114252182B (en) * | 2021-12-14 | 2024-06-18 | 苏州索迩电子技术有限公司 | Force measuring device |
| CN114184390B (en) * | 2022-02-16 | 2022-05-06 | 成都中科翼能科技有限公司 | Gas turbine rotor axial force test sensor and parameter design method |
| CN114608823A (en) * | 2022-02-23 | 2022-06-10 | 中国航发四川燃气涡轮研究院 | Roller bearing test device |
| CN115355193B (en) * | 2022-10-24 | 2023-03-07 | 中国航发四川燃气涡轮研究院 | Dynamic regulation and control method for axial force of gas compressor under heating and pressurizing conditions |
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| GB579451A (en) * | 1944-04-13 | 1946-08-02 | Westinghouse Electric Int Co | Improvements in or relating to apparatus for indicating or measuring the thrust of a shaft |
| FR2666894B1 (en) * | 1990-09-19 | 1995-06-30 | Electricite De France | DEVICE FOR MEASURING AXIAL EFFORTS ON A ROD. |
| FR2771171B1 (en) * | 1997-11-20 | 1999-12-31 | Hispano Suiza Sa | DEVICE FOR MEASURING AXIAL GROWTH ON A ROTATING SHAFT |
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| RU2354942C1 (en) * | 2007-09-20 | 2009-05-10 | Федеральное государственное образовательное учреждение Государственная Морская Академия им. адм. С.О. Макарова | Device for end thrust and rotation speed measurement in rotating shafts |
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