CN108412690B - Three-section type high-wind-energy-capture-rate wind generating set yawing method and system - Google Patents
Three-section type high-wind-energy-capture-rate wind generating set yawing method and system Download PDFInfo
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F03—MACHINES OR ENGINES FOR LIQUIDS; WIND, SPRING, OR WEIGHT MOTORS; PRODUCING MECHANICAL POWER OR A REACTIVE PROPULSIVE THRUST, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- F03D—WIND MOTORS
- F03D7/00—Controlling wind motors
- F03D7/02—Controlling wind motors the wind motors having rotation axis substantially parallel to the air flow entering the rotor
- F03D7/022—Adjusting aerodynamic properties of the blades
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F03—MACHINES OR ENGINES FOR LIQUIDS; WIND, SPRING, OR WEIGHT MOTORS; PRODUCING MECHANICAL POWER OR A REACTIVE PROPULSIVE THRUST, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- F03D—WIND MOTORS
- F03D7/00—Controlling wind motors
- F03D7/02—Controlling wind motors the wind motors having rotation axis substantially parallel to the air flow entering the rotor
- F03D7/04—Automatic control; Regulation
- F03D7/042—Automatic control; Regulation by means of an electrical or electronic controller
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F05—INDEXING SCHEMES RELATING TO ENGINES OR PUMPS IN VARIOUS SUBCLASSES OF CLASSES F01-F04
- F05B—INDEXING SCHEME RELATING TO WIND, SPRING, WEIGHT, INERTIA OR LIKE MOTORS, TO MACHINES OR ENGINES FOR LIQUIDS COVERED BY SUBCLASSES F03B, F03D AND F03G
- F05B2270/00—Control
- F05B2270/30—Control parameters, e.g. input parameters
- F05B2270/329—Azimuth or yaw angle
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Abstract
The invention relates to a three-section type high-wind-energy-capture-rate wind generating set yawing method and a three-section type high-wind-energy-capture-rate wind generating set yawing system, wherein the method comprises the following steps: when the wind speed is greater than the cut-in wind speed and less than a first preset wind speed, controlling the minimum yaw error angle within the range of +/-15 degrees; the first preset wind speed is smaller than the rated wind speed and larger than the cut-in wind speed; when the wind speed is greater than the first preset wind speed and less than a second preset wind speed, adopting a wind speed tracking control strategy to enable the minimum yaw error angle to be smaller along with the increase of the wind speed; the second preset wind speed is greater than the rated wind speed and less than the cut-out wind speed; when the wind speed is greater than the second preset wind speed and less than the cut-out wind speed, a minimum yaw error angle is calculated based on the generator power, and the yaw is stopped when the generator set reaches full power. The invention can increase the wind energy utilization rate of the fan brought by the yaw system on the premise of reducing the equipment loss.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the technical field of wind power, and particularly relates to a three-section type high-wind-energy-capture-rate wind generating set yawing method and system.
Background
Due to climate reasons in China, wind generating sets are in low wind speed (namely below rated wind speed) environments for a long time every year, and therefore the improvement of the capture rate of wind energy is necessary.
The yaw system is an important component of the wind generating set for improving the wind energy capture rate, the mechanism of the yaw system is shown in figure 1, and the control logic is shown in figure 2. Because of the randomness of the direction of the wind, more wind energy is captured if the rotor of the wind generator can be aimed into the direction of the wind. The yaw system mainly has the advantages that the wind direction is measured through the wind vane and converted into an electric signal to be transmitted to the yaw control system, the processor of the control system sends an instruction to the yaw motor, the yaw motor 1 drives the large gear wheel 2 of the revolving body to enable the cabin to rotate to face the wind, the yaw mechanism feeds back the signal to the yaw controller through the yaw encoder, when the detection element detects that the wind wheel is aligned with the wind direction, the signal is fed back to the wind vane, the wind vane does not transmit the electric signal any more, the motor stops working, the yaw brake brakes and the yaw process is finished.
The yaw system is an indispensable component of a modern large-scale wind generating set, can keep the direction of a wind wheel and the direction of wind speed to be nearly the same direction all the time, enables the wind wheel to keep an optimal windward state, ensures that the wind driven generator captures the maximum wind energy, improves the utilization rate of the wind energy, and ensures the power output of the set.
The yaw system control is divided into automatic yaw, 90-degree crosswind, manual yaw and automatic cable release, and the priority sequence and the main program flow chart are shown in fig. 3. The 90-degree side wind mainly aims at protective measures under the condition of strong wind; the manual yaw is a yaw means used when the automatic yaw fails, the manual cable is disconnected or the maintenance is needed; the automatic cable untwisting is realized by rotating the engine room in the opposite direction when the cable twisting occurs; the automatic yaw is the wind turbine generator wind facing function described above.
However, in general, automatic yaw is based on the angle between the wind direction signal collected by the wind measuring device and the axis of the wind wheel at that time, i.e. the yaw error angle θeAnd determining that the yaw system automatically adjusts the azimuth of the unit through a yaw control program preset in the control system, and ensuring that the wind wheel and the wind direction are consistent, thereby improving the wind energy utilization rate of the unit. Because wind has randomness, the speed and the direction of natural wind can randomly change along with time, the service life of a yaw system can be influenced by excessively frequent yaw, a minimum yaw error angle can be designed during the design of a general fan, a unit can not carry out yaw action within the allowable range of the minimum yaw error angle, and a yaw control system can enable the yaw system to execute an automatic yaw command only when the current yaw error angle is larger than the maximum yaw error angle.
If the wind direction angle is thetawAngle theta of wind wheel axistIndicates, then yaw error angle thetaeIs the wind direction angle thetawAngle theta with the axis of the rotortThe difference between them. The wind turbine power P at a certain wind speed can be represented by equation 1:
P＝Pmaxcosθe＝Pmaxcos(θt-θw) (1)
in the formula PmaxThe relationship between the maximum wind energy utilization and the corresponding fan power at a certain wind speed is shown in fig. 4.
The main stream megawatt large-scale wind generating set yawing system is mainly based on a wind vane, the design value of the minimum yawing angle is +/-15 degrees, and the angle between the axis direction of a wind wheel and the wind speed direction is within 15 degrees, so that the wind turbine cannot automatically yaw to wind. Although the design of the yaw system can reduce the loss of equipment such as a yaw motor and a yaw gear ring to a certain extent, a large amount of precious wind resources are wasted, and the power generation efficiency is reduced.
Currently, scholars propose yaw system control strategies based on KHC, VHC and HCC, and the algorithms are used for controlling the action of a yaw motor according to the relation between a yaw error angle and the motor power and searching the maximum value of the output power of a wind generating set, so that yaw control can be accurately realized. However, although the methods can improve the wind resource utilization rate of the wind turbine, frequent yawing is unfavorable for the service life of equipment, and the operation and maintenance cost of the wind power plant is increased. Meanwhile, the algorithms are based on complex artificial intelligence algorithms, the calculation amount is large, higher requirements are provided for the quality of a fan control system and operators, and the maximization of the economic benefit of the wind power plant is difficult to realize.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to provide a three-section type high-wind-energy-capture-rate wind generating set yawing method and a three-section type high-wind-energy-capture-rate wind generating set yawing system aiming at automatic yawing, and the wind energy utilization rate of a fan brought by the yawing system is increased on the premise of reducing equipment loss.
The invention provides a three-section type high-wind-energy-capture-rate wind generating set yawing method, which is used for automatic yawing control and comprises the following steps:
when the wind speed is greater than the cut-in wind speed and less than a first preset wind speed, controlling the minimum yaw error angle within the range of +/-15 degrees; the first preset wind speed is smaller than the rated wind speed and larger than the cut-in wind speed;
when the wind speed is greater than the first preset wind speed and less than the second preset wind speed, adopting a wind speed tracking control strategy to enable the minimum yaw error angle to be smaller along with the increase of the wind speed; the second preset wind speed is greater than the rated wind speed and less than the cut-out wind speed;
when the wind speed is greater than the second preset wind speed and less than the cut-out wind speed, a minimum yaw error angle is calculated based on the generator power, and the yaw is stopped when the generator set reaches full power.
Further, the first preset wind speed and the second preset wind speed are calculated according to the following formula:
in the formula, v1For a first predetermined wind speed, v2For a second predetermined wind speed, vForehead (forehead)The rated power of the generator set.
The invention also provides a three-section type high wind energy capture rate wind generating set yaw system, which comprises a controller, wherein the controller is used for automatic yaw control and comprises:
when the wind speed is greater than the cut-in wind speed and less than a first preset wind speed, controlling the minimum yaw error angle within the range of +/-15 degrees; the first preset wind speed is smaller than the rated wind speed and larger than the cut-in wind speed;
when the wind speed is greater than the first preset wind speed and less than the second preset wind speed, adopting a wind speed tracking control strategy to enable the minimum yaw error angle to be smaller along with the increase of the wind speed; the second preset wind speed is greater than the rated wind speed and less than the cut-out wind speed;
when the wind speed is greater than the second preset wind speed and less than the cut-out wind speed, a minimum yaw error angle is calculated based on the generator power, and the yaw is stopped when the generator set reaches full power.
Further, the first preset wind speed and the second preset wind speed are calculated according to the following formula:
in the formula, v1For a first predetermined wind speed, v2For a second predetermined wind speed, vForehead (forehead)The rated power of the generator set.
By means of the scheme, the three-section type wind generating set yaw method and system with high wind energy capture rate increase the wind energy utilization rate of the fan brought by the yaw system on the premise of reducing equipment loss.
The foregoing description is only an overview of the technical solutions of the present invention, and in order to make the technical solutions of the present invention more clearly understood and to implement them in accordance with the contents of the description, the following detailed description is given with reference to the preferred embodiments of the present invention and the accompanying drawings.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a schematic view of a yaw system;
FIG. 2 is a yaw system control logic diagram;
FIG. 3 is a flowchart of a yaw system priority sequence and main routine;
FIG. 4 is a plot of power versus yaw error angle;
FIG. 5 is a schematic view of the invention for dividing the yaw wind speed zone.
Detailed Description
The following detailed description of embodiments of the present invention is provided in connection with the accompanying drawings and examples. The following examples are intended to illustrate the invention but are not intended to limit the scope of the invention.
The embodiment provides a three-section type high-wind-energy-capture-rate wind generating set yawing method for automatic yawing control, which comprises the following steps:
when the wind speed is greater than the cut-in wind speed and less than a first preset wind speed, controlling the minimum yaw error angle within the range of +/-15 degrees; the first preset wind speed is smaller than the rated wind speed and larger than the cut-in wind speed;
when the wind speed is greater than the first preset wind speed and less than the second preset wind speed, adopting a wind speed tracking control strategy to enable the minimum yaw error angle to be smaller along with the increase of the wind speed; the second preset wind speed is greater than the rated wind speed and less than the cut-out wind speed;
when the wind speed is greater than the second preset wind speed and less than the cut-out wind speed, a minimum yaw error angle is calculated based on the generator power, and the yaw is stopped when the generator set reaches full power.
By the three-section type high-wind-energy-capture-rate wind generating set yawing method, the wind energy utilization rate of the fan brought by a yawing system can be increased on the premise of reducing equipment loss.
The embodiment also provides a three-section type high wind energy capture rate wind generating set yaw system, which comprises a controller, wherein the controller is used for automatic yaw control and comprises:
when the wind speed is greater than the cut-in wind speed and less than a first preset wind speed, controlling the minimum yaw error angle within the range of +/-15 degrees; the first preset wind speed is smaller than the rated wind speed and larger than the cut-in wind speed;
when the wind speed is greater than the first preset wind speed and less than the second preset wind speed, adopting a wind speed tracking control strategy to enable the minimum yaw error angle to be smaller along with the increase of the wind speed; the second preset wind speed is greater than the rated wind speed and less than the cut-out wind speed;
when the wind speed is greater than the second preset wind speed and less than the cut-out wind speed, a minimum yaw error angle is calculated based on the generator power, and the yaw is stopped when the generator set reaches full power.
Through the three-section type high-wind-energy-capture-rate wind generating set yaw system, the wind energy utilization rate of a fan brought by the yaw system can be increased on the premise of reducing equipment loss.
The present invention is described in further detail below.
Referring to fig. 5, the present embodiment is directed to automatic yawing, and based on a yawing system widely used at present, by changing a control algorithm thereof, the wind energy utilization rate can be increased to the maximum extent on the premise of reducing equipment loss.
The cut-in wind speed of a general large-scale wind generating set is 3m/s, and the cut-out wind speed is 25 m/s. When the incoming flow wind speed is larger than 3m/s and smaller than the rated wind speed, the power of the wind generating set does not reach the rated power, and the wind generating set captures wind energy to the maximum extent at the stage; when the incoming flow speed is higher than the rated wind speed and lower than the cut-out speed, the wind generating set adopts a variable pitch control strategy to ensure that the fan operates at the rated power and protect the fan to operate safely and stably, and the wind generating set abandons certain wind energy at the stage without completely utilizing energy brought by the incoming flow.
Based on the above design of the wind power generator, the power curve of the wind power generator set is divided into three regions, as shown in fig. 5: a 15 ° yaw zone, a wind speed tracking yaw zone, and a rated power yaw zone.
When the wind speed is 3m/s greater than the cut-in wind speed and less than the design wind speed v below the rated value1In the stage, because the wind speed is low, the wind wheel cannot capture more wind energy due to accurate yaw, the equipment loss can be increased, and the control strategy of +/-15 degrees of the current large-scale wind generating set is still adopted to ensure the normal operation of the wind generating set.
When the wind speed is higher than the design wind speed v below the rated value1And less than the design wind speed v above the rated value2And in the stage, the minimum yaw error angle can be properly reduced along with the improvement of the wind speed, namely the yaw error angle is smaller as the wind speed is larger.
When the wind speed is greater than the design wind speed v above the rated value2Below cut-out wind speed, the minimum yaw angle for this phase is calculated based on generator power, and once the unit can be made full, the yaw is stopped.
The wind turbines have different powers and have different design wind speeds v1、v2In the process of changing the wind speed from low to high, the change rate of the wind speed is larger, and according to the rated power of the wind turbine generator, the designed wind speed formula is as follows:
a wind speed tracking control strategy is suitable for a wind speed section position with a wind speed greater than a designed wind speed v below a rated value1And less than the design wind speed v above the rated value2Then (c) is performed. According to the formula (1), the wind energy efficiency cos theta obtained by yawing can be obtainedeIn this phase, the wind energy efficiency gained by yawing increases linearly with increasing wind speed.
According to statistics, a 1.5WM fan of the wind field adopts a fan with a minimum yaw error angle of +/-15 degrees, and an average yaw error angle of 9-10 degrees, and the method is adopted to calculate that the yaw error angle of the yaw system adopting the three-section control strategy is reduced to 3-4 degrees, if the yaw error angle of a traditional yaw system is counted as 9.5 degrees, the yaw error angle of the yaw system under the control method is counted as 3.5 degrees, taking a fan with a rated power of 1.5WM as an example, one fan can additionally obtain power of △ P:
ΔP＝Pforehead (forehead)(cos9.5°-cos3.5°)＝17.77kW；
Generally, one fan of a wind power plant is about 2000 hours of full generation, so that one fan can increase 35547.59kWh of electric energy one year, and at present, the grid price of the wind power is 0.61 yuan/kWh, so that one fan can be called 21684.03 yuan more for the wind power plant, and if one 33 wind power plants with 49.5MW can be called 71.56 ten thousand yuan more for one year. The additional loss of the yaw equipment is extremely low while the power generation efficiency of the fan is improved.
The above description is only a preferred embodiment of the present invention and is not intended to limit the present invention, it should be noted that, for those skilled in the art, many modifications and variations can be made without departing from the technical principle of the present invention, and these modifications and variations should also be regarded as the protection scope of the present invention.
Claims (4)
1. A three-section type high-wind-energy-capture-rate wind generating set yawing method is used for automatic yawing control and is characterized by comprising the following steps:
when the wind speed is greater than the cut-in wind speed and less than a first preset wind speed, controlling the minimum yaw error angle within the range of +/-15 degrees; the first preset wind speed is smaller than the rated wind speed and larger than the cut-in wind speed;
when the wind speed is greater than the first preset wind speed and less than a second preset wind speed, adopting a wind speed tracking control strategy to reduce the minimum yaw error angle along with the increase of the wind speed; the second preset wind speed is greater than the rated wind speed and less than the cut-out wind speed;
when the wind speed is greater than the second preset wind speed and less than the cut-out wind speed, a minimum yaw error angle is calculated based on the generator power, and the yaw is stopped when the generator set reaches full power.
2. The yawing method for the three-stage high-wind-energy-capture-rate wind generating set according to claim 1, wherein the first preset wind speed and the second preset wind speed are calculated according to the following formula:
in the formula, v1For a first predetermined wind speed, v2And v is the second preset wind speed, and v is the rated power of the generator set.
3. A three-section type high wind energy capture rate wind generating set yaw system is characterized by comprising a controller, wherein the controller is used for automatic yaw control and comprises:
when the wind speed is greater than the cut-in wind speed and less than a first preset wind speed, controlling the minimum yaw error angle within the range of +/-15 degrees; the first preset wind speed is smaller than the rated wind speed and larger than the cut-in wind speed;
when the wind speed is greater than the first preset wind speed and less than a second preset wind speed, adopting a wind speed tracking control strategy to reduce the minimum yaw error angle along with the increase of the wind speed; the second preset wind speed is greater than the rated wind speed and less than the cut-out wind speed;
when the wind speed is greater than the second preset wind speed and less than the cut-out wind speed, a minimum yaw error angle is calculated based on the generator power, and the yaw is stopped when the generator set reaches full power.
4. The yaw system of a three-stage high wind energy capture rate wind turbine generator set according to claim 3, wherein the first predetermined wind speed and the second predetermined wind speed are calculated according to the following formula:
in the formula, v1For a first predetermined wind speed, v2And v is the second preset wind speed, and v is the rated power of the generator set.
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| CN112031995A (en) * | 2019-06-03 | 2020-12-04 | 北京金风科创风电设备有限公司 | Yaw control method and device of wind generating set and storage medium |
| CN110985291B (en) * | 2019-12-13 | 2021-07-30 | 中国船舶重工集团海装风电股份有限公司 | Yaw wind control method, device, equipment and storage medium |
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| CN101012809A (en) * | 2007-02-08 | 2007-08-08 | 上海交通大学 | Wind vane and output power based wind mill leeway control method |
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