CN108412690A - A kind of wind generating set yaw method and system of the high Wind energy extraction rate of three-stage - Google Patents
A kind of wind generating set yaw method and system of the high Wind energy extraction rate of three-stage Download PDFInfo
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- CN108412690A CN108412690A CN201810051882.2A CN201810051882A CN108412690A CN 108412690 A CN108412690 A CN 108412690A CN 201810051882 A CN201810051882 A CN 201810051882A CN 108412690 A CN108412690 A CN 108412690A
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- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 16
- 238000011217 control strategy Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 15
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- 230000004048 modification Effects 0.000 description 2
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- 238000006243 chemical reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
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Classifications
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F03—MACHINES OR ENGINES FOR LIQUIDS; WIND, SPRING, OR WEIGHT MOTORS; PRODUCING MECHANICAL POWER OR A REACTIVE PROPULSIVE THRUST, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- F03D—WIND MOTORS
- F03D7/00—Controlling wind motors
- F03D7/02—Controlling wind motors the wind motors having rotation axis substantially parallel to the air flow entering the rotor
- F03D7/022—Adjusting aerodynamic properties of the blades
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F03—MACHINES OR ENGINES FOR LIQUIDS; WIND, SPRING, OR WEIGHT MOTORS; PRODUCING MECHANICAL POWER OR A REACTIVE PROPULSIVE THRUST, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- F03D—WIND MOTORS
- F03D7/00—Controlling wind motors
- F03D7/02—Controlling wind motors the wind motors having rotation axis substantially parallel to the air flow entering the rotor
- F03D7/04—Automatic control; Regulation
- F03D7/042—Automatic control; Regulation by means of an electrical or electronic controller
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F05—INDEXING SCHEMES RELATING TO ENGINES OR PUMPS IN VARIOUS SUBCLASSES OF CLASSES F01-F04
- F05B—INDEXING SCHEME RELATING TO WIND, SPRING, WEIGHT, INERTIA OR LIKE MOTORS, TO MACHINES OR ENGINES FOR LIQUIDS COVERED BY SUBCLASSES F03B, F03D AND F03G
- F05B2270/00—Control
- F05B2270/30—Control parameters, e.g. input parameters
- F05B2270/329—Azimuth or yaw angle
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
- Y02E10/00—Energy generation through renewable energy sources
- Y02E10/70—Wind energy
- Y02E10/72—Wind turbines with rotation axis in wind direction
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- Sustainable Energy (AREA)
- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Combustion & Propulsion (AREA)
- Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
- General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
- Fluid Mechanics (AREA)
- Wind Motors (AREA)
Abstract
The present invention relates to a kind of wind generating set yaw method and system of the high Wind energy extraction rate of three-stage, wherein this method includes：When wind speed is more than incision wind speed and is less than the first default wind speed, minimum yaw error angle is controlled in ± 15 ° of ranges；Wherein, the described first default wind speed is less than rated wind speed and more than incision wind speed；When wind speed is more than the described first default wind speed and is less than the second default wind speed, using wind speed Tracking Control Strategy, keep minimum yaw error angle smaller with the raising of wind speed；Wherein, the described second default wind speed is more than rated wind speed and is less than cut-out wind speed；When wind speed is more than the described second default wind speed and is less than cut-out wind speed, minimum yaw error angle is calculated based on generator power, and stop yawing when generating set reaches full hair.The present invention can increase wind turbine wind energy utilization caused by yaw system under the premise of reducing equipment loss.
Description
Technical field
The invention belongs to the wind power generating set of technical field of wind power more particularly to a kind of high Wind energy extraction rate of three-stage is inclined
Boat method and system.
Background technology
Due to China's climate reasons, wind power generating set every year can low wind speed (i.e. below the rated wind speed) environment of long-time
In, therefore the capture rate for improving wind energy is very necessary.
Yaw system is the important component that wind power generating set is used for improving Wind energy extraction rate, such as Fig. 1 institutes of mechanism
Show, control logic is as shown in Figure 2.Since the direction of wind has randomness, if it is possible to the wind wheel of wind-driven generator be made to be directed at wind
To can then capture more wind energies.Yaw system main function is to measure the direction of wind by wind vane and be converted to electric signal
Yaw control system is passed to, the processor of control system sends out instruction, 1 driving rotary body canine tooth of yaw motor to yaw motor
Wheel 2 makes cabin rotation to wind, and Yawing mechanism is by yawing encoder to yawer feedback signal, when detecting element detects
After being directed at wind direction to wind wheel, wind vane is fed back to, wind vane then no longer transmits electric signal, and motor is stopped, off-course brake
Braking, During yaw terminate.
Yaw system is the essential component part of modern Large-scale Wind Turbines, it can make wind wheel direction
It is remained on an intimate direction with wind speed direction, so that wind wheel is kept a best state windward, ensure wind-driven generator
Maximal wind-energy is captured, wind energy utilization is improved, ensures the output of unit electric power.
Yaw system control is divided into automatic yaw, 90 ° of crosswind, artificial yaw, automatic cable-releasing, priority orders and main journey
Program flow diagram is as shown in Figure 3.90 ° of crosswind are primarily directed to the protective measure under high wind conditions；And manually yaw, it is certainly
The yaw means used when dynamic yaw fails, manually unties the mooring rope or need repairing；Automatic cable-releasing is when occurring to turn round cable, by anti-
Direction rotates what cabin was realized；Automatic yaw is then Wind turbines described above to wind function.
However under normal conditions, automatic yaw be according to the collected wind direction signals of wind measuring device and wind wheel axis at that time it
Between angle, i.e. yaw error angle θeIt determines, controlling program by preset yaw in control system keeps yaw system automatic
Unit orientation is adjusted, ensures that wind wheel is consistent with wind direction, to improve the wind energy utilization of unit.Since wind has at random
Property, its speed of natural wind and direction can change at random at any time, and the yaw of too frequent can influence the service life of yaw system, generally
When fan design, a minimum yaw error angle can be all designed, in the range of minimum yaw error angle allows, unit will not be into
Row yaw maneuver, only when current yaw error angle is more than maximum yaw error angle, yaw control system just can enable machine inclined
Boat system executes automatic yaw command.
If by wind direction angle θwIt indicates, the angle θ of wind wheel axistIt indicates, then yaw error angle θeFor wind direction angle
θwWith the angle θ of wind wheel axistDifference.Then the Wind turbines power P under certain wind speed can be indicated with formula 1：
P=Pmaxcosθe=Pmaxcos(θt-θw) (1)
P in formulamaxFor the corresponding power of fan of highest wind energy utilization under certain wind speed, relationship is as shown in Figure 4.
The MW class Large-scale Wind Turbines yaw system of mainstream be based on wind vane, minimum yaw angle design value be ±
15 °, wind wheel axis direction is with wind speed direction angle within 15 °, then wind turbine will not carry out yawing to wind automatically.This yaw system
Although the design of system can reduce the loss to equipment such as yaw motor, yawing gear rings to a certain extent, but waste
A large amount of valuable wind-resources, reduce generating efficiency.
Currently, there is scholar to propose the yaw system control strategy based on KHC, based on VHC and based on HCC, it is above-mentioned several
Kind algorithm is then according to the output power maximum for finding wind power generating set, according to yaw error angle and power of motor relationship
It is acted to control yaw motor, can accurately realize yaw control.Although however these methods can improve the wind-resources of wind turbine
Utilization rate, but frequently yaw is unfavorable for service life of equipment, increases wind power plant O＆M cost.Meanwhile these algorithms
It is all based on complicated intelligent algorithm, operand is larger, this just proposes the quality of blower fan control system and operations staff
Higher requirement, it is difficult to realize the maximization of wind power plant economic interests.
Invention content
It is inclined the purpose of the present invention is providing a kind of wind power generating set of the high Wind energy extraction rate of three-stage for automatic yaw
Method and system of navigating increase wind turbine wind energy utilization caused by yaw system under the premise of reducing equipment loss.
The present invention provides a kind of wind generating set yaw methods of the high Wind energy extraction rate of three-stage, for yawing automatically
Control, including：
When wind speed is more than incision wind speed and is less than the first default wind speed, minimum yaw error angle is controlled in ± 15 ° of models
It encloses；Wherein, the first default wind speed is less than rated wind speed and more than incision wind speed；
When wind speed is more than the first default wind speed and is less than the second default wind speed, using wind speed Tracking Control Strategy, make most
Small yaw error angle is smaller with the raising of wind speed；Wherein, the second default wind speed is more than rated wind speed and is less than cut-out wind speed；
When wind speed is more than the second default wind speed and is less than cut-out wind speed, minimum yaw error is calculated based on generator power
Angle, and stop yaw when generating set reaches full hair.
Further, the first default wind speed, the second default wind speed calculate acquisition according to the following formula：
In formula, v1For the first default wind speed, v2For the second default wind speed, vVolumeFor the rated power of generating set.
The present invention also provides a kind of wind driven generator unit yaw systems of the high Wind energy extraction rate of three-stage, including control
Device, controller are controlled for yawing automatically, including：
When wind speed is more than incision wind speed and is less than the first default wind speed, minimum yaw error angle is controlled in ± 15 ° of models
It encloses；Wherein, the first default wind speed is less than rated wind speed and more than incision wind speed；
When wind speed is more than the first default wind speed and is less than the second default wind speed, using wind speed Tracking Control Strategy, make most
Small yaw error angle is smaller with the raising of wind speed；Wherein, the second default wind speed is more than rated wind speed and is less than cut-out wind speed；
When wind speed is more than the second default wind speed and is less than cut-out wind speed, minimum yaw error is calculated based on generator power
Angle, and stop yaw when generating set reaches full hair.
Further, the first default wind speed, the second default wind speed calculate acquisition according to the following formula：
In formula, v1For the first default wind speed, v2For the second default wind speed, vVolumeFor the rated power of generating set.
According to the above aspect of the present invention, by the wind generating set yaw method and system of the high Wind energy extraction rate of three-stage, subtracting
Under the premise of few equipment loss, wind turbine wind energy utilization caused by yaw system is increased.
Above description is only the general introduction of technical solution of the present invention, in order to better understand the technical means of the present invention,
And can be implemented in accordance with the contents of the specification, below with presently preferred embodiments of the present invention and after coordinating attached drawing to be described in detail such as.
Description of the drawings
Fig. 1 is the structural schematic diagram of yaw system；
Fig. 2 is yaw system control logic figure；
Fig. 3 is yaw system priority orders and main program flow chart；
Fig. 4 is the relational graph of power and yaw error angle；
Fig. 5 is present invention yaw wind speed region division schematic diagram.
Specific implementation mode
With reference to the accompanying drawings and examples, the specific implementation mode of the present invention is described in further detail.Implement below
Example is not limited to the scope of the present invention for illustrating the present invention.
A kind of wind generating set yaw method of the high Wind energy extraction rate of three-stage is present embodiments provided, for automatic inclined
Boat control, including：
When wind speed is more than incision wind speed and is less than the first default wind speed, minimum yaw error angle is controlled in ± 15 ° of models
It encloses；Wherein, the first default wind speed is less than rated wind speed and more than incision wind speed；
When wind speed is more than the first default wind speed and is less than the second default wind speed, using wind speed Tracking Control Strategy, make most
Small yaw error angle is smaller with the raising of wind speed；Wherein, the second default wind speed is more than rated wind speed and is less than cut-out wind speed；
When wind speed is more than the second default wind speed and is less than cut-out wind speed, minimum yaw error is calculated based on generator power
Angle, and stop yaw when generating set reaches full hair.
It, can be before reducing equipment loss by the wind generating set yaw method of the high Wind energy extraction rate of the three-stage
It puts, increases wind turbine wind energy utilization caused by yaw system.
The present embodiment additionally provides a kind of wind driven generator unit yaw system of the high Wind energy extraction rate of three-stage, including control
Device, controller are controlled for yawing automatically, including：
When wind speed is more than incision wind speed and is less than the first default wind speed, minimum yaw error angle is controlled in ± 15 ° of models
It encloses；Wherein, the first default wind speed is less than rated wind speed and more than incision wind speed；
When wind speed is more than the first default wind speed and is less than the second default wind speed, using wind speed Tracking Control Strategy, make most
Small yaw error angle is smaller with the raising of wind speed；Wherein, the second default wind speed is more than rated wind speed and is less than cut-out wind speed；
When wind speed is more than the second default wind speed and is less than cut-out wind speed, minimum yaw error is calculated based on generator power
Angle, and stop yaw when generating set reaches full hair.
It, can be before reducing equipment loss by the wind driven generator unit yaw system of the high Wind energy extraction rate of the three-stage
It puts, increases wind turbine wind energy utilization caused by yaw system.
Invention is further described in detail below.
Join shown in Fig. 5, the present embodiment is for automatic yaw, based on the yaw system being widely used at present, by changing
Become its control algolithm, under the premise of reducing equipment loss, wind energy utilization can be increased to the maximum extent.
General Large-scale Wind Turbines incision wind speed is 3m/s, cut-out wind speed 25m/s.When arrives stream wind speed is more than 3m/s
When less than rated wind speed, wind power generating set power is not up to rated power, and wind power generating set do one's best at this stage
Capture wind energy；When speed of incoming flow is more than rated wind speed less than speed is cut out, wind power generating set takes pitch control strategy, makes
Wind turbine protects fan safe stable operation in rated power operation, and wind power generating set can give up certain wind energy at this stage, no
It needs that energy caused by incoming is fully utilized.
Based on the above-mentioned design of wind-driven generator, power curves of wind-driven generator sets is divided into three regions, as shown in Figure 5：
± 15 ° of yaw regions, wind speed tracking yaw region and rated power yaw region.
It is less than specified following design wind speed v when wind speed is more than incision wind speed 3m/s1When, former control strategy is still used, is made
Minimum yaw angle be ± 15 °, control strategy is constant, and the stage, accurate yaw can not be such that wind wheel captures since wind speed is smaller
More wind energies, while equipment loss can be increased, to ensure wind power generating set normal operation, therefore still use current large-scale wind
Power generator group ± 15 ° control strategy.
When wind speed is more than specified following design wind speed v1And it is less than the specified above design wind speed v2When, then use wind speed to track
Control strategy, the wind speed interval span rated wind speed above and below area segments, since the area segments wind speed has reached one
Determine grade but still full hair is not achieved, increase yaw, which can capture, increases considerably Wind energy extraction amount, at this stage can be with wind
The raising of speed suitably reduces minimum yaw error angle, i.e. the bigger yaw error angle of wind speed is smaller.
When wind speed is more than the specified above design wind speed v2When less than cut-out wind speed, the minimum yaw angle in the stage is based on power generation
Acc power calculates, once unit can be made to reach full hair, that is, stops yaw.
Wind turbines power is different, design wind speed v1、v2Also different, during wind speed changes from low to high, become
Rate is also come bigger, and according to the rated power of Wind turbines, design wind speed formula is as follows：
Wind speed Tracking Control Strategy, it is that wind speed is more than specified following design wind speed v to be applicable in wind speed section1And less than it is specified with
Upper design wind speed v2When.According to formula (1), it can will pass through yaw and obtain wind energy efficiency cos θe, at this stage, yaw is enabled to obtain wind energy
Efficiency is linearly increasing with the increase of wind speed.
Certain wind field carries out automatic yaw control using the yaw method and system of the present embodiment, according to statistics, the wind field
1.5WM wind turbines, using the wind turbine of minimum yaw error angle ± 15 °, average 9 °~10 ° of yaw error angle, and this method is used to pass through
Calculating is crossed it is found that the yaw system yaw error angle using the three-stage control strategy is reduced to 3 °~4 °.If by traditional inclined
The yaw error angle of boat system is counted as 9.5 °, and the yaw system yaw error angle under the control method is denoted as 3.5 °.With specified work(
For the wind turbine of rate 1.5WM, a Fans can additionally obtain power △ P：
Δ P=PVolume(cos9.5 °-cos3.5 °)=17.77kW；
One Fans of general wind power plant conversion completely hair hourage is about 2000, then a Fans can increase electric energy in 1 year
35547.59kWh, wind-powered electricity generation rate for incorporation into the power network is 0.61 yuan/kWh at present, then a Fans are then wind power plant mostly profit 21684.03
Member can get a profit 71.56 ten thousand yuan more for 1 year if the wind power plant of 33 49.5MW.In the generating efficiency for improving wind turbine
Meanwhile it is extremely low to the additional increased loss of yaw equipment.
The above is only a preferred embodiment of the present invention, it is not intended to restrict the invention, it is noted that for this skill
For the those of ordinary skill in art field, without departing from the technical principles of the invention, can also make it is several improvement and
Modification, these improvements and modifications also should be regarded as protection scope of the present invention.
Claims (4)
1. a kind of wind generating set yaw method of the high Wind energy extraction rate of three-stage, controls for yawing automatically, feature exists
In, including：
When wind speed is more than incision wind speed and is less than the first default wind speed, minimum yaw error angle is controlled in ± 15 ° of ranges；Its
In, the first default wind speed is less than rated wind speed and more than incision wind speed；
When wind speed is more than the described first default wind speed and is less than the second default wind speed, using wind speed Tracking Control Strategy, make most
Small yaw error angle is smaller with the raising of wind speed；Wherein, the described second default wind speed, which is more than rated wind speed and is less than, cuts out wind
Speed；
When wind speed is more than the described second default wind speed and is less than cut-out wind speed, minimum yaw error is calculated based on generator power
Angle, and stop yaw when generating set reaches full hair.
2. a kind of wind generating set yaw method of the high Wind energy extraction rate of three-stage according to claim 1, feature
It is, the first default wind speed, the second default wind speed calculate acquisition according to the following formula：
In formula, v1For the first default wind speed, v2For the second default wind speed, vVolumeFor the rated power of generating set.
3. a kind of wind driven generator unit yaw system of the high Wind energy extraction rate of three-stage, which is characterized in that described including controller
Controller is controlled for yawing automatically, including：
When wind speed is more than incision wind speed and is less than the first default wind speed, minimum yaw error angle is controlled in ± 15 ° of ranges；Its
In, the first default wind speed is less than rated wind speed and more than incision wind speed；
When wind speed is more than the described first default wind speed and is less than the second default wind speed, using wind speed Tracking Control Strategy, make most
Small yaw error angle is smaller with the raising of wind speed；Wherein, the described second default wind speed, which is more than rated wind speed and is less than, cuts out wind
Speed；
When wind speed is more than the described second default wind speed and is less than cut-out wind speed, minimum yaw error is calculated based on generator power
Angle, and stop yaw when generating set reaches full hair.
4. a kind of wind driven generator unit yaw system of the high Wind energy extraction rate of three-stage according to claim 3, feature
It is, the first default wind speed, the second default wind speed calculate acquisition according to the following formula：
In formula, v1For the first default wind speed, v2For the second default wind speed, vVolumeFor the rated power of generating set.
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Cited By (2)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN110985291A (en) * | 2019-12-13 | 2020-04-10 | 中国船舶重工集团海装风电股份有限公司 | Yaw wind control method, device, equipment and storage medium |
| CN112031995A (en) * | 2019-06-03 | 2020-12-04 | 北京金风科创风电设备有限公司 | Yaw control method and device of wind generating set and storage medium |
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| CN108412690B (en) | 2020-02-07 |
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