CN108409295A - 一种生物透水砖及其制备方法 - Google Patents
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Abstract
本发明公开了一种生物透水砖及其制备方法，属于透水砖技术领域，包括以下重量份的原料：玻璃渣20‑70份，碎陶瓷20‑70份，粘土10‑30份，透明朊矿渣10‑50份，有机纤维炭化物1‑10份；本发明通过限定透明朊矿渣以及有机纤维炭化物和粘土的粒径和重量百分比，使透明朊矿渣与有机纤维炭化物在高压振动条件下，形成骨骼型网状支架的空间结构和填充在支架结构中的吸水粒子，能充分吸收渗入的水分，从而在保证透水性的前提下增加保水性，本发明利用工业生产及生活垃圾生产生物透水砖，为废弃物的利用开辟了新的途径，生产的透水砖更加绿色环保。
Description
技术领域
本发明涉及一种透水地砖技术领域，具体涉及一种利用生物废弃料制成的具有透水及保水性能的地砖及其制备方法。
背景技术
目前普遍使用于广场、公园、道路等公共场所的路面主要采用水泥混凝土、石材、陶瓷砖等不透水的材质铺设而成，但这种硬化路面已经不适应保持良好生态环境的要求：如当下暴雨时，雨水经由硬化路面上的地漏口从下水道流走，但由于道路上的残叶、垃圾冲至地漏口经常堵塞漏水口，造成低洼处积水严重，无法通行；另一方面，由于硬化路面对雨水不吸收，雨水被白白浪费，地下水也得不到必要的补充，造成地下水位下降；当雨季过后，又出现千旱缺水的问题，使城市出现热岛现象。因此，需要大量采用透水性材料铺筑各种场地和路面，以保持城市良好生态环境。
最近产业及生活废物垃圾的再利用也是一个热点，越来越多的生产及生活垃圾每天都在产生，对我们的生活环境造成影响，目前，有将生活垃圾用于制造肥料，也有利用生产垃圾制造墙砖的，各种途径缓解了废料及垃圾给人们造成的影响。但是，在制造透水砖的应用中，也仅仅是利用一些陶瓷废料及玻璃废料或者只是矿渣等，所生产出来的透水砖，往往透水性能良好但是保水性能不足，以上现有技术的不足促使我们通过使用再生资源或产业生活废物垃圾开发生产既能保水又能透水的地砖。
专利CN 106242503 A一种具有透水及保水性能的陶瓷面板及其制备方法：由以下重量份配比的原料制备而成：玻璃态矿渣20-70份，粘土矿物20-70份，稻谷壳0.5-10份，压制成形助剂2-15份；该发明利用稻谷壳具有透水及保水性能力生产陶瓷面板，使其产生连续冒泡以低费用能制造轻量，高强度，绝热，高质量的陶瓷板材；CN 101423376 A，该发明提供一种陶瓷透水砖及其制造方法，其组成按重量百分比为：废陶瓷粉，废玻璃粉，低温粘土，石灰石，糊精，纳长石，水。以上现有技术虽然也提供了透水及保水性能良好的砖体配方，但是所用的材料范围相对狭窄，并未充分利用到生产及生活其他方面的废弃材料。
发明内容
本发明克服现有技术的不足，目的是提供一种生物透水砖及其制备方法。
为实现上述目的，本发明所采用的技术方案为：
一种生物透水砖，包括以下重量份的原料：玻璃渣20-70份，碎陶瓷20-70份，粘土10-30份，透明朊矿渣10-50份，有机纤维炭化物1-10份；所述的透明朊矿渣为垃圾熔融后渣滓，污泥熔融后渣滓，金属精炼的废弃物，煤渣中的任意一种或以上任意组合。
优选的，所述的玻璃渣粒径≤0.5mm，其中粒径为0.25-0.5mm占玻璃渣总重量的30-32%，粒径为0.15-0.24mm占玻璃渣总重量的40-42%，粒径为0.15mm以下占玻璃渣总重量的24-30%；所述的碎陶瓷粒径≤4mm，其中粒径为2-4mm占碎陶瓷总重量的11-13%，粒径为1-1.9mm占碎陶瓷总重量的52-55%，粒径为1mm以下占碎陶瓷总重量的32-37%；所述的透明朊矿渣粒径≤0.5mm，其中粒径为0.25-0.5mm占透明朊矿渣总重量的34-36%，粒径为0.15-0.24mm占透明朊矿渣总重量的33-35%，粒径为0.15mm以下占透明朊矿渣总重量的29-33%；所述的粘土粒径≤0.05mm，所述的有机纤维炭化物的粒径≤2mm。
优选的，所述的有机纤维炭化物为经过燃烧后的稻谷壳、木屑、针叶树落叶、纸浆、天然纤维、化学纤维中的任意一种或以上任意组合。
所述的一种生物透水砖的制备方法，包括以下步骤：
a）将重量份的原料：玻璃渣20-70份，碎陶瓷20-70份，粘土10-30份，透明朊矿渣10-50份，有机纤维炭化物1-10份分别进行粉碎后混合得到混合料。
b）加入所述混合料重量1-10%的龙骨和8%的玻璃水，混合均匀，充分搅拌呈颗粒状，得预混料。
c）加压振动条件下，将预混料挤压形成颗粒成型体。
d）将颗粒成型体在200-300℃下干燥3-4h。
e）在800-1150℃烧制形成生物透水砖。
所述的生物透水砖抗弯强度为3.0N/mm2以上，渗透系数为0.01cm/sec以上，保水量为0.15g/cm以上，吸水性为70％。
其中，所述的透明朊矿渣的粒径≤0.5mm，其中粒径为0.25-0.5mm占透明朊矿渣总重量的34-36%，粒径为0.15-0.24mm占透明朊矿渣总重量的33-35%，粒径为0.15mm以下占透明朊矿渣总重量的29-33%；所述的粘土粒径≤0.05mm，所述的有机纤维炭化物的粒径≤2mm；通过限定不同粒径的重量比，使透明朊矿渣与有机纤维炭化物在高压振动条件下，形成骨骼型网状支架的空间结构和填充在支架结构中的吸水粒子，能充分吸收渗入的水分，从而在保证透水性的前提下增加保水性能。而如果透明朊矿渣粒径过大，硅酸盐质量粒子之间的贯通间隙会增大，在与其他原料混合的过程中及后续的高温烧制过程中变得难维持压制成形体的形状；而如果透明朊矿渣粒径过小，且重量的比重不足则显出骨骼粒子之间的贯通间隙减少，限制了有机纤维炭化物的填充空间，使砖体整体的保水性能力下降。在制备的过程中，还加入了龙骨和玻璃水为添加料，龙骨中主要含有的羟基磷酸钙，使在后续的成型机烧制过程中，增加砖体的整体硬度，使制成的生物透水砖在提高透水性和保水性的功能下硬度更高，使用寿命更长。
与现有技术相比本发明具有以下有益效果：
1）本发明通过限定透明朊矿渣以及有机纤维炭化物和粘土的粒径和重量百分比，使透明朊矿渣与有机纤维炭化物在高压振动条件下，形成骨骼型网状支架的空间结构和填充在支架结构中的吸水粒子，能充分吸收渗入的水分，从而在保证透水性的前提下增加保水性。
2）本发明采用的有机纤维经过了炭化处理，炭化后的纤维成分在与透明朊矿渣结合的过程中形成的骨骼网状空间结构，在前期搅拌混合的过程中内部会产生热量，同时整个结构更为稳定，可以降低整个烧制的成本。
3）本发明利用工业生产及生活垃圾生产生物透水砖，为废弃物的利用开辟了新的途径，生产的透水砖更加绿色环保；并接价格低，产品也不容易腐蚀，并且使用年限长。
具体实施方式
下面结合实施例详细说明本发明的技术方案，但保护范围不被此限制。
实施例1
一种生物透水砖，原料为玻璃渣20kg，碎陶瓷20kg，粘土10kg，垃圾熔融后渣滓5kg，煤渣5kg，以及经过燃烧后的稻谷壳、木屑和针叶树落叶共1kg。
玻璃渣中：30%的玻璃渣粒径为0.25-0.5mm，40%的粒径为0.15-0.24mm，30%的粒径为0.15mm以下；碎陶瓷中：11%的碎陶瓷粒径为2-4mm，52%的碎陶瓷粒径为1-1.9mm， 37%的碎陶瓷粒径为1mm以下；垃圾熔融后渣滓和煤渣的总重量中：34%的粒径为0.25-0.5mm，33%的粒径为0.15-0.24mm，29%的粒径为0.15mm以下；粘土粒径≤0.05mm，稻谷壳、木屑和针叶树落叶的粒径≤2mm。
将以上的原料混合，加入混合料重量1%的龙骨和8%的玻璃水，混合均匀，充分搅拌呈颗粒状，得预混料；再利用真空捏合机推出将预混料挤压形成颗粒成型体；将颗粒成型体在200-300℃下干燥3h，之后在800℃下烧制形成生物透水砖。
实施例2
一种生物透水砖，原料为玻璃渣70kg，碎陶瓷50kg，粘土20kg，垃圾熔融后渣滓10kg，煤渣5kg，污泥熔融后渣滓10kg，以及经过燃烧后的木屑、针叶树落叶、纸浆、玉米秸秆共5kg。
玻璃渣中：32%的玻璃渣粒径为0.25-0.5mm，41%的粒径为0.15-0.24mm，27%的粒径为0.15mm以下；碎陶瓷中：13%的碎陶瓷粒径为2-4mm，53%的碎陶瓷粒径为1-1.9mm， 34%的碎陶瓷粒径为1mm以下；垃圾熔融后渣滓、煤渣和污泥熔融后渣滓的总重量中：36%的粒径为0.25-0.5mm，34%的粒径为0.15-0.24mm，30%的粒径为0.15mm以下；粘土粒径≤0.05mm，稻谷壳、木屑和针叶树落叶的粒径≤2mm。
将以上的原料混合，加入混合料重量10%的龙骨和8%的玻璃水，混合均匀，充分搅拌呈颗粒状，得预混料；再利用真空捏合机推出将预混料挤压形成颗粒成型体；将颗粒成型体在200-300℃下干燥4h，之后在1150℃下烧制形成生物透水砖。
实施例3
一种生物透水砖，原料为玻璃渣40kg，碎陶瓷70kg，粘土30kg，金属精炼的废弃物30kg，煤渣5kg，污泥熔融后渣滓15kg，以及经过燃烧后的木屑、针叶树落叶、纸浆、玉米秸秆、粘胶纤维共10kg。
玻璃渣中：31%的玻璃渣粒径为0.25-0.5mm，42%的粒径为0.15-0.24mm，27%的粒径为0.15mm以下；碎陶瓷中：12%的碎陶瓷粒径为2-4mm，55%的碎陶瓷粒径为1-1.9mm， 33%的碎陶瓷粒径为1mm以下；垃圾熔融后渣滓、煤渣和污泥熔融后渣滓的总重量中：35%的粒径为0.25-0.5mm，35%的粒径为0.15-0.24mm，30%的粒径为0.15mm以下；粘土粒径≤0.05mm，稻谷壳、木屑和针叶树落叶的粒径≤2mm。
将以上的原料混合，加入混合料重量5%的龙骨和8%的玻璃水，混合均匀，充分搅拌呈颗粒状，得预混料；再利用真空捏合机推出将预混料挤压形成颗粒成型体；将颗粒成型体在200-300℃下干燥4h，之后在1000℃下烧制形成生物透水砖。
以上内容是结合具体的优选实施方式对本发明所做的进一步详细说明，不能认定本发明的具体实施方式仅限于此，对于本发明所属技术领域的普通技术人员来说，在不脱离本发明的前提下，还可以做出若干简单的推演或替换，都应当视为属于本发明由所提交的权利要求书确定专利保护范围。
Claims (4)
1.一种生物透水砖，其特征在于，包括以下重量份的原料：玻璃渣20-70份，碎陶瓷20-70份，粘土10-30份，透明朊矿渣10-50份，有机纤维炭化物1-10份；所述的透明朊矿渣为垃圾熔融后渣滓，污泥熔融后渣滓，金属精炼的废弃物，煤渣中的任意一种或以上任意组合。
2.根据权利要求1所述的一种生物透水砖，其特征在于，所述的玻璃渣粒径≤0.5mm，其中粒径为0.25-0.5mm占玻璃渣总重量的30-32%，粒径为0.15-0.24mm占玻璃渣总重量的40-42%，粒径为0.15mm以下占玻璃渣总重量的24-30%；
所述的碎陶瓷粒径≤4mm，其中粒径为2-4mm占碎陶瓷总重量的11-13%，粒径为1-1.9mm占碎陶瓷总重量的52-55%，粒径为1mm以下占碎陶瓷总重量的32-37%；
所述的透明朊矿渣粒径≤0.5mm，其中粒径为0.25-0.5mm占透明朊矿渣总重量的34-36%，粒径为0.15-0.24mm占透明朊矿渣总重量的33-35%，粒径为0.15mm以下占透明朊矿渣总重量的29-33%；
所述的粘土粒径≤0.05mm，所述的有机纤维炭化物的粒径≤2mm。
3.根据权利要求1或2所述的一种生物透水砖，其特征在于，所述的有机纤维炭化物为经过燃烧后的稻谷壳、木屑、针叶树落叶、纸浆、天然纤维、化学纤维中的任意一种或以上任意组合。
4.如权利要求1或2所述的一种生物透水砖的制备方法，其特征在于，包括以下步骤：
a）将重量份的原料：玻璃渣20-70份，碎陶瓷20-70份，粘土10-30份，透明朊矿渣10-50份，有机纤维炭化物1-10份分别进行粉碎后混合得到混合料；
b）加入所述混合料重量1-10%的龙骨和8%的玻璃水，混合均匀，充分搅拌呈颗粒状，得预混料；
c）加压振动条件下，将预混料挤压形成颗粒成型体；
d）将颗粒成型体在200-300℃下干燥3-4h，
e）在800-1150℃烧制形成生物透水砖。
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