CN106336201B - 一种以耐火粘土尾矿为原料的陶瓷透水砖的制备方法 - Google Patents
一种以耐火粘土尾矿为原料的陶瓷透水砖的制备方法 Download PDFInfo
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- VYPSYNLAJGMNEJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N silicon dioxide Inorganic materials O=[Si]=O VYPSYNLAJGMNEJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 18
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- PNEYBMLMFCGWSK-UHFFFAOYSA-N aluminium oxide Inorganic materials [O-2].[O-2].[O-2].[Al+3].[Al+3] PNEYBMLMFCGWSK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000000920 calcium hydroxide Substances 0.000 claims description 3
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- 235000019353 potassium silicate Nutrition 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000000843 powder Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- NTHWMYGWWRZVTN-UHFFFAOYSA-N sodium silicate Chemical compound [Na+].[Na+].[O-][Si]([O-])=O NTHWMYGWWRZVTN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000004375 Dextrin Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- 229920001353 Dextrin Polymers 0.000 claims description 2
- 235000019738 Limestone Nutrition 0.000 claims description 2
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- 239000010459 dolomite Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- 229910000514 dolomite Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000006028 limestone Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000010434 nepheline Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- 229910052664 nepheline Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000003265 pulping liquor Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000000440 bentonite Substances 0.000 claims 1
- 229910000278 bentonite Inorganic materials 0.000 claims 1
- SVPXDRXYRYOSEX-UHFFFAOYSA-N bentoquatam Chemical compound O.O=[Si]=O.O=[Al]O[Al]=O SVPXDRXYRYOSEX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims 1
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 abstract description 10
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- JKQOBWVOAYFWKG-UHFFFAOYSA-N molybdenum trioxide Chemical compound O=[Mo](=O)=O JKQOBWVOAYFWKG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
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- 229910001948 sodium oxide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 238000003860 storage Methods 0.000 description 1
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Abstract
本发明涉及一种以耐火粘土尾矿为原料的陶瓷透水砖的制备方法，其特征在于：所述的主要原料为耐火粘土尾矿，包括如下步骤实现：1）将75～90wt%的耐火粘土尾矿，1～10wt%的石英，5～20wt%的熔剂按照比例混合后湿法细磨，得到混合泥料；2）将混合泥料经干燥、造粒、成型、烧成，得到高强度的铝硅质陶瓷；3）将制备的陶瓷经破碎、筛分、分级得到陶瓷骨料；4）将85～95wt%的陶瓷骨料和5～15wt%的结合剂搅拌均匀，成型、干燥，然后在1100～1200℃条件下烧成，得到陶瓷透水砖。该方法在实现了耐火粘土尾矿直接回收、利用的同时，获得了强度高、透水性好的陶瓷透水砖，从而符合循环经济发展的要求，对生态环境的保护会产生非常积极的作用。
Description
技术领域
本发明属于无机非金属材料技术领域，具体涉及一种以耐火粘土尾矿为原料的陶瓷透水砖及其制备方法。
背景技术
近年来，我国城市存在排洪压力大、内涝灾害频发、雨水资源流失严重等突出问题，导致城市地下水位下降、城市内涝、城市热岛等现象，城市自然生态面临严重失衡。为此，我国提出建设 “海绵城市”的概念，目的是改善城市道路水文生态环境，提高城市环境的“呼吸功能”。陶瓷透水砖具有强度大、透水性能好的特点，能够有效的解决硬化道路的透水性的问题，是改善城市生态环境的重要材料之一。目前，市场上制备陶瓷透水砖的技术多是以破碎陶瓷和陶瓷废料为主要原料，如：发明专利“一种室外陶瓷透水砖及其制备方法”（专利号 CN 101182185A）；发明专利”废陶砖制备透水路面砖的方法“（专利号CN105110767 A）。此类方法实现了废陶瓷的高效利用，达到变废为宝的效果，但单纯利用废陶瓷将很难满足陶瓷透水砖的生产需求。随着“海绵城市”的大规模建设，陶瓷透水砖的用量将会大幅度增长，需进一步扩展原料来源。
耐火粘土尾矿由于氧化铁、氧化钾、氧化钠等杂质含量过高，不能够满足耐火材料的使用标准，在陶瓷行业中只能够做抵档陶瓷原料，利用率非常低，绝大多数被丢弃，每年几百万吨的堆积量，造成了资源的极大浪费。同时，大量的尾矿存在不仅占据了大量的土地资源，并且对水和土地资源造成污染。
发明内容
本发明的目的正是为了提供一种以耐火粘土尾矿为原料的陶瓷透水砖的制备方法，该方法工艺简单易控、资源利用率高，所制备的陶瓷透水砖具有较高的耐压强度、较好的透水性能。本发明不仅丰富了陶瓷透水砖的原料，还可有效的提高了耐火粘土尾矿的利用率，起到环境保护和实现经济效益的双重作用。
本发明的目的是采用如下的技术措施来实现的：
本发明的以耐火粘土尾矿为原料的陶瓷透水砖的制备方法包括如下步骤：
a、将75～90wt%的耐火粘土尾矿、1～10wt%的石英和5～20wt%的熔剂按照重量比例混合，加水和研磨球，在滚筒磨中细磨1～8小时得到混合泥料；
b、将步骤a制备的混合泥料经干燥、造粒、成型后，送入隧道窑或辊道窑中，在1150～1250℃条件下烧结1～3小时，得到的高强度的铝硅质陶瓷；
c、将步骤b制备的铝硅质陶瓷破碎、筛分、分级，得到不同粒径的陶瓷骨料；
d、将85～95wt%的陶瓷骨料和的5～15wt%添加剂搅拌均匀，在10～50MPa的条件下成型后，在80～120℃的条件下干燥1～6小时，然后在1050～1200℃条件下烧结1～6小时，得到陶瓷透水砖。
本发明中所述的耐火粘土尾矿取自硬质粘土尾矿、软质粘土尾矿或高铝粘土尾矿中的一种或几种的组合；所述的熔剂取自长石、霞石、白云石、石灰石或废玻璃粉中的一种或几种的组合；所述陶瓷骨料的粒径组成：3～10目为40～60wt%、10～14目为10～20 wt%、18～200目为20～40wt%。
本发明步骤d中所述的添加剂取自水、水玻璃、纸浆废液、石灰乳、糊精、粘土或膨润土中的一种或几种的组合。
经测试，本发明所制备的陶瓷透水砖的耐压强度40～70MPa，抗折强度≥6MPa、透水系数为2.0×10-2～4.5×10-2cm/s，磨坑长度≤30mm。
本发明的有益效果如下：本发明采用了湿法细磨工艺，将杂质分布不均匀的尾矿通过湿法细磨，使得材料中各组分分布均匀，避免了尾矿中杂质聚集的现象，所得到的陶瓷透水砖产品质量稳定、性能优异。另外，本发明采用存储量大且利用率低的耐火粘土尾矿为主要原料制备陶瓷透水砖，能够有效的提高资源的利用率，减少尾矿堆积，复合循环经济和绿色环保的要求。同时，所制备的陶瓷透水砖强度大、透水性好，能够满足“海绵城市”建设的需求，对城市生态环境的保护能起到非常积极的作用。
具体实施方式
本发明以下将结合实施例作进一步的描述：
实施例1
1）将75wt%的高铝粘土尾矿、10wt%的石英和15wt%的长石按照重量比例混合，加水和研磨球，在滚筒磨中细磨3小时得到混合泥料；
2）将制备的混合泥料经干燥、造粒、压制成型后，放入隧道窑或辊道窑中，在1200～1250℃条件下保温1小时烧结，得到高致密的铝硅质陶瓷；
3）将制备的铝硅质陶瓷破碎、筛分、分级得到不同粒径的陶瓷骨料；所述的陶瓷骨料的粒径组成为：3～10目为50～55wt%、10～14目为15～20 wt%、18～200目为25～30wt%的陶瓷骨料；
4）将95wt%的陶瓷骨料和5wt%作为添加剂的水玻璃搅拌均匀，在20～30MPa的条件下成型、80～120℃干燥3小时，然后在1150～1200℃保温1小时条件下烧成，得到陶瓷透水砖。
本实施例所制备的陶瓷透水砖的耐压强度45～55MPa，抗折强度≥6MPa、透水系数为2.5×10-2～3.0×10-2cm/s，磨坑长度≤25mm。
实施例2
1）将85wt%的硬质粘土尾矿、7wt%的石英和8wt%的废玻璃粉按照重量比例混合，加水在滚筒磨中细磨3～5小时得到混合泥料；
2）将制备的混合泥料经造粒、压制成型、干燥，放入隧道窑或辊道窑中，在1150～1200℃条件下保温1～2小时，得到的高致密的铝硅质陶瓷，得到高致密的铝硅质陶瓷；
3）将制备的铝硅质陶瓷破碎、筛分、分级得到不同粒径的陶瓷骨料；所述陶瓷骨料的粒径组成为：3～10目为40～45wt%、10～14目为20～25wt%、18～200目为30～35wt%的陶瓷骨料；
4）将制备的不同粒径的陶瓷骨料90wt%和10wt%的添加剂搅拌均匀，在20～30MPa的条件下成型、80～120℃干燥3小时，然后在1130～1180℃保温1小时条件下烧成，得到陶瓷透水砖；所述的添加剂的加入量为4wt%的石灰乳和6%的粘土。
本实施例所制备的陶瓷透水砖的耐压强度48～57MPa，抗折强度≥6MPa、透水系数为2.8×10-2～3.2×10-2cm/s，磨坑长度≤28mm。
实施例3
1）将80wt%的软质粘土尾矿、8wt%的石英和12wt%的长石按照重量比例混合，加水在滚筒磨中细磨3小时得到混合泥料；
2）将制备的混合泥料经造粒、压制成型、干燥，放入隧道窑或辊道窑中，在1180℃保温1～2小时条件下烧结后得到的高强度的铝硅质陶瓷；
3）将制备的铝硅质陶瓷破碎、筛分、分级得到不同粒径的陶瓷骨料；所述的陶瓷骨料的粒径组成为：3～10目为40～45wt%、10～14目为20～25wt%、18～200目为30～35wt%的陶瓷骨料；
4）将88wt%的陶瓷骨料和12wt%的添加剂搅拌均匀，在20～30MPa的条件下成型、80～120℃干燥3小时，然后在1100～1150℃保温1～2小时条件下烧成，得到陶瓷透水砖；所述的添加剂的加入量为4wt%的水和8%的粘土；
本实施例所制备的陶瓷透水砖的耐压强度45～56MPa，抗折强度≥6MPa、透水系数为2.8×10-2～3.2×10-2cm/s，磨坑长度≤30mm。
Claims (5)
1.一种以耐火粘土尾矿为原料的陶瓷透水砖的制备方法，其特征在于：它包括如下步骤：
a、将75～90wt%的耐火粘土尾矿、1～10wt%的石英和5～20wt%的熔剂按照重量比例混合，加水和研磨球，在滚筒磨中细磨1～8小时得到混合泥料；
b、将步骤a制备的混合泥料经干燥、造粒、成型后，送入隧道窑或辊道窑中，在1150～1250℃条件下烧结1～3小时，得到高强度的铝硅质陶瓷；
c、将步骤b制备的铝硅质陶瓷破碎、筛分、分级，得到不同粒径的陶瓷骨料；
d、将85～95wt%的陶瓷骨料和的5～15wt%添加剂搅拌均匀，在10～50MPa的条件下成型后，在80～120℃的条件下干燥1～6小时，然后在1050～1200℃条件下烧结1～6小时，得到陶瓷透水砖。
2.权利要求1所述的陶瓷透水砖的制备方法，其特征在于：所述的耐火粘土尾矿取自硬质粘土尾矿、软质粘土尾矿或高铝粘土尾矿中的一种或几种的组合。
3.权利要求1所述的陶瓷透水砖的制备方法，其特征在于：所述的熔剂取自长石、霞石、白云石、石灰石或废玻璃粉中的一种或几种的组合。
4.权利要求1所述的陶瓷透水砖的制备方法，其特征在于：所述陶瓷骨料的粒径组成：3～10目为40～60wt%、10～14目为10～20 wt%、18～200目为20～40wt%。
5.权利要求1所述的陶瓷透水砖的制备方法，其特征在于：步骤d中所述的添加剂取自水、水玻璃、纸浆废液、石灰乳、糊精、粘土或膨润土中的一种或几种的组合。
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| CN103204698A (zh) * | 2013-04-16 | 2013-07-17 | 北京科技大学 | 一种利用铁尾矿制备环保型透水砖的方法 |
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