CN108402340A - 一种防治河蟹甲壳溃疡病的饲料添加剂 - Google Patents

一种防治河蟹甲壳溃疡病的饲料添加剂 Download PDF

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CN108402340A
CN108402340A CN201810529309.8A CN201810529309A CN108402340A CN 108402340 A CN108402340 A CN 108402340A CN 201810529309 A CN201810529309 A CN 201810529309A CN 108402340 A CN108402340 A CN 108402340A
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谢媛
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Abstract

本发明公开了一种防治河蟹甲壳溃疡病的饲料添加剂，由如下重量份的原料制成：鱼腥草6‑10份、墨旱莲6‑10份、茅根草3‑8份、辣蓼6‑10份、野菊花3‑8份、通城虎3‑8份、铁马鞭3‑8份、桔梗3‑8份、白芷6‑10份、甘草6‑10份、蒲公英3‑8份、血竭3‑8份。本发明的饲料添加剂的制备方法简便，成本低、来源广泛，容易获得。治疗时间短，治愈率高，无毒副作用的用于防治河蟹甲壳溃疡病的饲料添加剂。本发明饲料添加剂中各类药相互协同增效，有抗菌消炎、增强免疫力之功效。可改善化学药物在体内造成残留的问题，且药效快，无毒副作用、无药物残留，容易被吸收，用于防治河蟹甲壳溃疡病的疗效可靠、作用迅速。

Description

一种防治河蟹甲壳溃疡病的饲料添加剂
技术领域
本发明属于水产养殖的领域，具体是涉及一种防治河蟹甲壳溃疡病的饲料添加剂。
背景技术
甲壳溃疡病是由于捕捞、运输、投放等操作引起蟹体表皮损伤进而感染了具有几丁质分解力的细菌所造成。致病细菌可能有两种，一种可能是黏球菌类的细菌，另一种可能是荧光假单胞菌类的细菌。病蟹步足尖端破损，呈黑色溃疡并腐烂，然后步足各节及背甲、胸板出现白色斑点；斑点的中部凹下，呈微红色，并逐渐变成黑色溃疡；严重时中心部溃疡较深，甲壳被侵袭成洞，可见肌肉或皮膜，导致河蟹死亡。
该病表现症状有多种：一是患病蟹甲壳初期有白色斑点，其后由此斑点中间内凹并蚀成小洞，肉眼可见其壳内组织，在步足、腹甲上可见溃疡斑点，患病蟹最终因蜕壳不遂而死亡；二是病蟹甲壳出现棕色或红棕色点状病灶，这些斑点逐步发展连成块，中心部位溃疡，边缘呈黑色；三是步足破损，早期为红色斑点或褐色斑点，晚期斑点连成不规则片状并腐烂，严重时甲壳被侵蚀成洞，可见黑色皮膜或肌肉，最终死亡。此病流行于4-9月，尤以水温17℃以上春末夏初发病较为严重。严重时可引起病蟹死亡。
当今社会，治疗河蟹甲壳溃疡病使用的含化学成分的治疗方法不甚理想，化学药物在体内容易造成残留的问题。而且药物残留问题给食品安全也会造成威胁。
发明内容：
本发明的目的是提供一种防治河蟹甲壳溃疡病的饲料添加剂。
为了解决上述技术问题，本发明提供了如下的技术方案：
一种防治河蟹甲壳溃疡病的饲料添加剂，其技术特征是由以下原料组合而成:作为优选,由以下原料制成:鱼腥草6份、墨旱莲6份、茅根草3份、辣蓼6份、野菊花3份、通城虎3份、铁马鞭3份、桔梗3份、白芷6份、甘草6份、蒲公英3份、血竭3份。
作为优选，由以下原料制成:鱼腥草8份、墨旱莲8份、茅根草5份、辣蓼8份、野菊花5份、通城虎5份、铁马鞭5份、桔梗5份、白芷8份、甘草8份、蒲公英5份、血竭5份。
作为优选,由以下原料制成:鱼腥草10份、墨旱莲10份、茅根草8份、辣蓼10份、野菊花8份、通城虎8份、铁马鞭8份、桔梗8份、白芷10份、甘草10份、蒲公英8份、血竭8份。
上述饲料添加剂的制备方法，包括如下步骤：
(1)按照所述配比称取各原料药；
(2)向原料药中加水浸泡后进行煎煮，将煎煮液过滤，滤液备用；
(3)向药渣中加水进行煎煮，过滤，取滤液；
(4)合并步骤(2)和步骤(3)的滤液即得饲料添加剂。
步骤(2)中，向原料药中加入10倍质量的水浸泡后进行煎煮；所述的浸泡时间为20-40分钟，优选为30分钟；所述的煎煮时间为2-2.5小时。
步骤(3)中向药渣中加入8倍质量的水进行煎煮；所述的煎煮时间为1.5-2小时。本发明饲料添加剂的用法用量如下：
将本发明饲料添加剂与饲料混合，搅拌均匀，按1.2g/kg的剂量给患蟹取食，每日2次，连用7天；根据病情和体重大小可在配方要求范围内酌情加减各组分剂量。
本发明的有益效果：
(1)本发明的饲料添加剂的制备方法简便，成本低、来源广泛，容易获得。
(2)治疗时间短，治愈率高，无毒副作用的用于防治河蟹甲壳溃疡病的饲料添加剂。
(3)使用本发明的饲料添加剂可以预防细菌病，减少河蟹患甲壳溃疡病的死亡率，对于治疗甲壳溃疡病的疗效确切。
(4)可以有效避免含化学成分的药物在河蟹体内产生耐药菌株，同时也改善了化学药物在体内造成残留的问题。
具体实施方式
具体实施例对本发明作进一步的说明:
实施例一：鱼腥草6份、墨旱莲6份、茅根草3份、辣蓼6份、野菊花3份、通城虎3份、铁马鞭3份、桔梗3份、白芷6份、甘草6份、蒲公英3份、血竭3份。
上述饲料添加剂的制备方法，包括如下步骤：
(1)按照所述配比称取各原料药；
(2)向原料药中加水浸泡后进行煎煮，将煎煮液过滤，滤液备用；
(3)向药渣中加水进行煎煮，过滤，取滤液；
(4)合并步骤(2)和步骤(3)的滤液即得饲料添加剂。
步骤(2)中，向原料药中加入10倍质量的水浸泡后进行煎煮；所述的浸泡时间为20-40分钟，优选为30分钟；所述的煎煮时间为2-2.5小时。
步骤(3)中向药渣中加入8倍质量的水进行煎煮；所述的煎煮时间为1.5-2小时。
本发明饲料添加剂的用法用量如下：
将本发明饲料添加剂与饲料混合，搅拌均匀，按1.2g/kg的剂量给患病河蟹取食，每日2次，连用7天；根据病情和体重大小可在配方要求范围内酌情加减各组分剂量。
实施例二：鱼腥草8份、墨旱莲8份、茅根草5份、辣蓼8份、野菊花5份、通城虎5份、铁马鞭5份、桔梗5份、白芷8份、甘草8份、蒲公英5份、血竭5份。
上述饲料添加剂的制备方法、步骤及用法用量同实施例一。
实施例三：鱼腥草10份、墨旱莲10份、茅根草8份、辣蓼10份、野菊花8份、通城虎8份、铁马鞭8份、桔梗8份、白芷10份、甘草10份、蒲公英8份、血竭8份。
上述饲料添加剂的制备方法、步骤及用法用量同实施例一。
河蟹患甲壳溃疡病，发病季节一般为每年的4--9月，尤以水温17℃以上春末夏初发病较为严重。严重时可引起病蟹死亡。这个时候如果河蟹患了甲壳溃疡病的话，采用本发明药物的治疗方法是：每天喂两次，用量分别为1.2g/kg饲料，连续喂7天为一个疗程，根据病情和体重大小可在配方要求范围内酌情加减各组分剂量。在做好消毒池水的同时，采用本发明饲料添加剂与饲料混合喂养的方法，对于治疗甲壳溃疡病的疗效显著。
试验记录与结果：
本发明饲料添加剂对防治河蟹甲壳溃疡病疗效的试验如下：将120只患有甲壳溃疡病的河蟹随机分为4组，每组30条，分组及处理方法见表1。开始按表1剂量给药，连用5d，观察给药后的临床变化，每天记录各组河蟹的临床症状和死亡数。
表1防治河蟹甲壳溃疡病的分组及处理方法(单位：只)
表2防治河蟹甲壳溃疡病的试验及治疗结果：(单位：只、％)
组别 死亡数 死亡率 有效率
本发明饲料添加剂 2 6.7 93.3
噬菌蛭弧菌 6 20 80
感染对照组 30 100 0
健康对照组 0 0 100
以上表2中对于防治河蟹甲壳溃疡病的饲料添加剂的有效率达93.3％；
以上观察结果表明，表1和表2中本发明的饲料添加剂防治甲壳溃疡病的疗效明显高于噬菌蛭弧菌药物，疗效显著，易于大范围地用于河蟹养殖大户，能够有效地治疗甲壳溃疡病。

Claims (4)

1.一种防治河蟹甲壳溃疡病的饲料添加剂，其技术特征是由以下原料组合而成:鱼腥草6-10份、墨旱莲6-10份、茅根草3-8份、辣蓼6-10份、野菊花3-8份、通城虎3-8份、铁马鞭3-8份、桔梗3-8份、白芷6-10份、甘草6-10份、蒲公英3-8份、血竭3-8份。
2.根据权利要求1所述的一种用于防治河蟹甲壳溃疡病的饲料添加剂,其技术特征是由以下原料组合而成:鱼腥草6份、墨旱莲6份、茅根草3份、辣蓼6份、野菊花3份、通城虎3份、铁马鞭3份、桔梗3份、白芷6份、甘草6份、蒲公英3份、血竭3份。
3.根据权利要求1所述的一种用于防治河蟹甲壳溃疡病的饲料添加剂,其技术特征是由以下原料组合而成:鱼腥草8份、墨旱莲8份、茅根草5份、辣蓼8份、野菊花5份、通城虎5份、铁马鞭5份、桔梗5份、白芷8份、甘草8份、蒲公英5份、血竭5份。
4.根据权利要求1所述的一种用于防治河蟹甲壳溃疡病的饲料添加剂,其技术特征是由以下原料组合而成:鱼腥草10份、墨旱莲10份、茅根草8份、辣蓼10份、野菊花8份、通城虎8份、铁马鞭8份、桔梗8份、白芷10份、甘草10份、蒲公英8份、血竭8份。
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CN103479848A (zh) * 2013-08-30 2014-01-01 兴化市恒威生物技术有限公司 一种治疗中华绒螯蟹细菌病药物组合物及其制备方法
CN104187004A (zh) * 2014-09-19 2014-12-10 盐城工学院 一种预防与辅助治疗虾蟹甲壳溃疡病的中草药饲料添加剂
CN106819636A (zh) * 2016-12-28 2017-06-13 新昌县柏克动物饲料技术开发有限公司 预防虾蟹甲壳溃疡病的中草药饲料添加剂
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