CN108392851B - Supercritical extraction device for traditional Chinese medicine - Google Patents
Supercritical extraction device for traditional Chinese medicine Download PDFInfo
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- CN108392851B CN108392851B CN201810448460.9A CN201810448460A CN108392851B CN 108392851 B CN108392851 B CN 108392851B CN 201810448460 A CN201810448460 A CN 201810448460A CN 108392851 B CN108392851 B CN 108392851B
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01D—SEPARATION
- B01D11/00—Solvent extraction
- B01D11/02—Solvent extraction of solids
- B01D11/0203—Solvent extraction of solids with a supercritical fluid
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01D—SEPARATION
- B01D2221/00—Applications of separation devices
- B01D2221/10—Separation devices for use in medical, pharmaceutical or laboratory applications, e.g. separating amalgam from dental treatment residues
Abstract
The invention relates to the field of extraction treatment, in particular to a supercritical extraction device for traditional Chinese medicines, which comprises a liquid outlet pipe, a valve, a protection mechanism, a dustproof pipe, a sealing mechanism, a liquid inlet pipe, an extraction mechanism and a reaction mechanism, wherein the extraction mechanism is placed in the dustproof pipe and comprises a connecting rod, an outer shell and a piston, the connecting rod is fixedly connected with the piston, and the piston is connected with the outer shell in a sliding manner; the reaction mechanism comprises an inner barrel, a partition plate and a filter screen, the inner barrel is arranged in the protection mechanism, the partition plate is arranged on the inner barrel, and the filter screen is fixedly arranged on the side wall of the inner barrel and the partition plate; a second cavity is formed between the partition plates. The supercritical extraction device for traditional Chinese medicines provided by the invention is convenient for filling the extract, ensures the sanitation of the extract, is high in extraction degree and saves the extraction time because the extract is fully contacted with the supercritical fluid.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the field of extraction, in particular to a supercritical extraction device for traditional Chinese medicines.
Background
Supercritical is a supercritical fluid, which is a state between gas and liquid that is neither gaseous nor liquid, and can only exist when its temperature and pressure exceed the critical point. Supercritical fluids are denser and more liquid-like, and have a viscosity closer to that of gases. Therefore, the supercritical fluid is an ideal extracting agent.
However, when supercritical extraction is performed on traditional Chinese medicines in a laboratory, the inner barrel in the extraction kettle needs to be taken out when the cut traditional Chinese medicines are put into the extraction kettle, and the inner barrel is vibrated after the extract is loaded so as to ensure that the extract contacts the bottom of the inner barrel, which wastes time and labor and cannot ensure the sanitation of the extract; and the bottom surface and the side wall of the inner barrel are both steel structures, the supercritical fluid and the extract are only concentrated at the top of the extract for extraction reaction, and the supercritical fluid cannot be fully contacted with the extract, so that the extraction degree is not high, and the extraction processing time is long. The invention provides a supercritical extraction device for traditional Chinese medicines, which has the following characteristics:
(1) according to the supercritical extraction device for the traditional Chinese medicine, the connecting rod, the outer shell and the piston are used for extracting the extract, and the extract is placed into the fan-shaped cavity inside the inner barrel through the outer shell, so that the extract is convenient to place, and the sanitation of the extract is guaranteed.
(2) According to the supercritical extraction device for the traditional Chinese medicine, the length of the outer shell is the same as that of the inner barrel, and the length of the piston is one third of that of the outer shell, so that the extract filled in the outer shell is certainly two thirds of that of the inner barrel, the extract cannot be excessive or insufficient, and the extract is greatly convenient to fill.
(3) According to the supercritical extraction device for the traditional Chinese medicine, the partition plate is utilized to divide the inner barrel into eight equal fan-shaped cavities, the second cavity is arranged between the fan-shaped cavities formed by the partition plate, and the filter screens are arranged on the side wall of the inner barrel and the partition plate, so that the extract is fully contacted with the supercritical fluid, the extraction degree is high, and the extraction time is saved.
Disclosure of Invention
Aiming at the problems in the prior art, the invention provides a supercritical extraction device for traditional Chinese medicines, which utilizes the connecting rod, the outer shell and the piston to extract the extract, and the extract is placed in the fan-shaped cavity inside the inner barrel through the outer shell, so that the placement of the extract is convenient, and the sanitation of the extract is ensured. Because the length of the outer shell is the same as that of the inner barrel, and the length of the piston is one third of that of the outer shell, the extract filled in through the outer shell is certainly two thirds of that of the inner barrel, and the extract cannot be too much or too little, so that the extract is greatly convenient to fill. The partition board is used for dividing the inner barrel into eight equal fan-shaped cavities, the second cavities are arranged among the fan-shaped cavities formed by the partition board, and the filter screens are arranged on the side wall of the inner barrel and the partition board, so that the extract is fully contacted with the supercritical fluid, the extraction degree is high, and the extraction time is saved.
The technical scheme adopted by the invention for solving the technical problems is as follows: a supercritical extraction device for traditional Chinese medicine comprises a liquid outlet pipe, a valve, a protection mechanism, a dustproof pipe, a sealing mechanism, a liquid inlet pipe, an extraction mechanism and a reaction mechanism, wherein the valve is arranged on the liquid outlet pipe; the liquid outlet pipe is fixedly arranged on the protection mechanism; the dustproof pipe for preventing dust is fixedly arranged on the protection mechanism; the sealing mechanism is in threaded connection with the protection mechanism; the liquid inlet pipe is fixedly arranged on the sealing mechanism; the extraction mechanism for extracting reactants is arranged in the dustproof pipe; the extraction mechanism comprises a connecting rod, an outer shell and a piston, the connecting rod is fixedly connected with the piston, and the piston is connected with the outer shell in a sliding manner; the reaction mechanism comprises an inner barrel, a partition plate and a filter screen, the inner barrel is arranged in the protection mechanism, the partition plate is arranged on the inner barrel, and the filter screen is fixedly arranged on the side wall of the inner barrel and the partition plate; a second cavity is formed between the partition plates.
Specifically, sealing mechanism includes top cap and sealing washer, the lateral wall of top cap is equipped with the feed liquor pipe, the inside of top cap is equipped with has the first cavity that holds, the top surface of top cap is made by elastic rubber materials, lie in on the top cap the bottom of the lateral wall of feed liquor pipe is equipped with and is used for sealedly the sealing washer realizes sealedly through the sealing washer, makes things convenient for the inflow on supercritical fluid follow top simultaneously.
Specifically, the protection mechanism comprises an outer barrel and a stop block, the liquid outlet pipe and the dustproof pipe are arranged on the side wall of the outer barrel, the outer barrel is sleeved with the inner barrel, the plurality of stop blocks are arranged on the inner wall of the outer barrel, an annular fixing groove is formed in the top end of the outer barrel, the outer barrel is in threaded connection with the top cover, the limiting effect on the inner barrel is achieved, and meanwhile the supercritical fluid is prevented from flowing out due to the sliding of the inner barrel.
Specifically, the radius of the outer barrel is equal to the sum of the radius of the inner barrel and the length of the stop block, so that the inner barrel is limited by the stop block.
Specifically, the extracting mechanism further comprises a baffle plate and transverse plates, the baffle plate is arranged at one end of the connecting rod, which is far away from the piston, and the transverse plates are symmetrically arranged on the side wall of the outer shell; the transverse plate is arranged at the top end of the dustproof pipe, and the transverse plate is arranged in the middle of the dustproof pipe, so that the extraction mechanism is in a suspended state when being positioned in the middle of the dustproof pipe, the extraction mechanism is convenient to take, and meanwhile, the connecting rod is more convenient to push and pull.
Specifically, the length of the outer shell is equal to that of the inner barrel, and the length of the piston is one third of that of the outer shell, so that the situation that too much or too little extract is added into the inner barrel in an experiment is avoided, and the inner barrel does not need to be vibrated to ensure that the extract is contacted with the bottom of the inner barrel.
Specifically, the partition plate divides the inner barrel into eight same fan-shaped accommodating cavities, and the second cavity is formed between each fan-shaped accommodating cavity through the partition plate, so that the contact area of the extract and the supercritical fluid is increased, and the extraction speed is increased.
Specifically, the outer shell is of a cone structure with a sector cone bottom surface, and the bottom surface of the sector accommodating cavity on the inner barrel is the same as the bottom surface of the outer shell, so that the extraction mechanism can conveniently place the extract into the inner barrel.
Specifically, the bottom surface of the inside of outer bucket is equipped with the through-hole, one side that the through-hole was kept away from outer bucket inner wall is the arc structure, just the bottom of through-hole is connected the drain pipe has realized that the supercritical fluid in the device is all flowed out the device after the reaction.
The invention has the beneficial effects that:
(1) according to the supercritical extraction device for the traditional Chinese medicine, the connecting rod, the outer shell and the piston are used for extracting the extract, and the extract is placed into the fan-shaped cavity inside the inner barrel through the outer shell, so that the extract is convenient to place, and the sanitation of the extract is guaranteed.
(2) According to the supercritical extraction device for the traditional Chinese medicine, the length of the outer shell is the same as that of the inner barrel, and the length of the piston is one third of that of the outer shell, so that the extract filled in the outer shell is certainly two thirds of that of the inner barrel, the extract cannot be excessive or insufficient, and the extract is greatly convenient to fill.
(3) According to the supercritical extraction device for the traditional Chinese medicine, the partition plate is utilized to divide the inner barrel into eight equal fan-shaped cavities, the second cavity is arranged between the fan-shaped cavities formed by the partition plate, and the filter screens are arranged on the side wall of the inner barrel and the partition plate, so that the extract is fully contacted with the supercritical fluid, the extraction degree is high, and the extraction time is saved.
Drawings
The invention is further illustrated with reference to the following figures and examples.
FIG. 1 is a schematic structural diagram of a preferred embodiment of a supercritical fluid extraction apparatus for traditional Chinese medicine provided by the present invention;
FIG. 2 is a schematic view of the extraction mechanism shown in FIG. 1;
FIG. 3 is an internal schematic view of the protection mechanism shown in FIG. 1;
FIG. 4 is a cross-sectional top view of the protection mechanism shown in FIG. 1;
fig. 5 is a sectional view of the outer tub shown in fig. 1;
fig. 6 is a cross-sectional view of the sealing mechanism shown in fig. 1.
Reference numbers in the figures: 1. the device comprises a sealing mechanism, 11, a top cover, 11a, a first cavity 12, a sealing ring, 2, a protection mechanism, 21, an outer barrel, 21a, a fixing groove, 22, a stop block, 3, a valve, 4, a liquid outlet pipe, 5, a dustproof pipe, 6, an extraction mechanism, 61, a baffle, 62, a connecting rod, 63, an outer shell, 64, a transverse plate, 65, a piston, 7, a liquid inlet pipe, 8, a reaction mechanism, 81, an inner barrel, 82, a partition plate, 82a, a second cavity, 83 and a filter screen.
Detailed Description
In order to make the technical means, the creation characteristics, the achievement purposes and the effects of the invention easy to understand, the invention is further described with the specific embodiments.
As shown in fig. 1-6, the supercritical extraction apparatus for traditional Chinese medicine of the present invention comprises a liquid outlet pipe 4, a valve 3, a protection mechanism 2, a dust-proof pipe 5, a sealing mechanism 1, a liquid inlet pipe 7, an extraction mechanism 6 and a reaction mechanism 8, wherein the valve 3 is mounted on the liquid outlet pipe 4; the liquid outlet pipe 4 is fixedly arranged on the protection mechanism 2; the dustproof pipe 5 for preventing dust is fixedly arranged on the protection mechanism 2; the sealing mechanism 1 is in threaded connection with the protection mechanism 2; the liquid inlet pipe 7 is fixedly arranged on the sealing mechanism 1; the extraction mechanism 6 for extracting reactants is placed in the dustproof pipe 5; the extraction mechanism 6 comprises a connecting rod 62, an outer shell 63 and a piston 65, wherein the connecting rod 62 is fixedly connected with the piston 65, and the piston 65 is slidably connected with the outer shell 63; the reaction mechanism 8 comprises an inner barrel 81, a partition 82 and a filter screen 83, the inner barrel 81 is arranged in the protection mechanism 2, the partition 82 is arranged on the inner barrel 81, and the filter screen 83 is fixedly arranged on the side wall of the inner barrel 81 and the partition 82; the partitions 82 form a second cavity 82a therebetween.
Specifically, as shown in fig. 1 and 6, sealing mechanism 1 includes top cap 11 and sealing washer 12, the lateral wall of top cap 11 is equipped with feed liquor pipe 7, the inside of top cap 11 is equipped with the first cavity 11a that has the holding, the top surface of top cap 11 is made by elastic rubber materials, lie in on the top cap 11 the bottom of the lateral wall of feed liquor pipe 7 is equipped with and is used for sealedly sealing washer 12 realizes sealedly through sealing washer 12, makes things convenient for the inflow of supercritical fluid from the top simultaneously.
Specifically, as shown in fig. 1, 3, 4 and 5, the protection mechanism 2 includes an outer barrel 21 and a stopper 22, the side wall of the outer barrel 21 is provided with the liquid outlet pipe 4 and the dust-proof pipe 5, the outer barrel 21 is sleeved with the inner barrel 81, the inner wall of the outer barrel 21 is provided with a plurality of stoppers 22, the top end of the outer barrel 21 is provided with an annular fixing groove 21a, the outer barrel 21 is in threaded connection with the top cover 11, so that the limit effect on the inner barrel 81 is realized, and the supercritical fluid is prevented from flowing out due to the sliding of the inner barrel 81.
Specifically, as shown in fig. 1 and 3, the radius of the outer tub 21 is equal to the sum of the radius of the inner tub 81 and the length of the stopper 22, so that the inner tub 81 is limited by the stopper 22, and the extraction mechanism 6 is in a suspended state when being located in the middle of the dustproof pipe 5 by the transverse plate 64 in the middle of the dustproof pipe 5, so that the extraction mechanism 6 is convenient to take and more convenient to push and pull the connecting rod 62.
Specifically, as shown in fig. 1 and fig. 2, the extracting mechanism 6 further includes a baffle 61 and a transverse plate 64, the baffle 61 is disposed at one end of the connecting rod 62 away from the piston 65, and the transverse plates 64 are symmetrically disposed on the side wall of the outer housing 63; the transverse plate 64 is erected at the top end of the dustproof pipe 5.
Specifically, as shown in fig. 2 and 3, the length of the outer shell 63 is equal to the length of the inner barrel 81, and the length of the piston 65 is one third of the length of the outer shell 63, so that too much or too little extract is added into the inner barrel 81 in the experiment, and the inner barrel 81 does not need to be vibrated to ensure that the extract contacts the bottom of the inner barrel 81.
Specifically, as shown in fig. 1 and 3, the partition 82 divides the inner barrel 81 into eight identical fan-shaped receiving cavities, and the second cavity 82a is formed between each fan-shaped receiving cavity through the partition 82, so that the contact area of the extract and the supercritical fluid is increased, and the extraction speed is increased.
Specifically, as shown in fig. 1 and 2, the outer casing 63 is a cone structure with a bottom surface being a sector cone, and the bottom surface of the sector accommodating cavity on the inner barrel 81 is the same as the bottom surface of the outer casing 63, so that the extraction mechanism 6 can conveniently put the extract into the inner barrel 81.
Specifically, as shown in fig. 1 and 2, a through hole is formed in the bottom surface of the inside of the outer barrel 21, one side of the through hole, which is far away from the inner wall of the outer barrel 21, is of an arc-shaped structure, and the bottom end of the through hole is connected with the liquid outlet pipe 4, so that the supercritical fluid in the device can completely flow out of the device after reaction.
The application principle of the traditional Chinese medicine supercritical extraction device provided by the invention is as follows:
(1) firstly, cutting the extract into particles with the volume larger than the holes of the filter screen 83 by a knife, and placing the extract particles in a beaker for later use after cutting; opening the top cover 11, taking the extraction mechanism 6 out of the dustproof pipe 5, holding the uppermost end of the outer shell 63, inserting the bottom end of the outer shell 63 into a beaker containing extract particles, allowing the extract particles to enter a through hole in the outer shell 63, jacking the piston 65, and repeating the action until the top end of the piston 65 contacts the top end in the outer shell 63 and the piston 65 does not move;
(2) placing the outer casing 63 containing the extracted particles into one of the fan-shaped cavities of the inner barrel 81, contacting the bottom end of the outer casing 63 with the bottom surface of the inner part of the inner barrel 81, then pushing the baffle 61, the baffle 61 driving the connecting rod 62 and the piston 65 to move downwards, pushing the extracted particles out of the inner part of the outer casing 63, entering the fan-shaped cavity of the inner barrel 81, discharging the air through the holes on the filter screen 83, then taking the extracting mechanism 6 out of the inner barrel 81, and repeating the above actions until the remaining seven fan-shaped cavities of the inner barrel 81 are filled with the extracted particles; then, the top cover 11 is covered, the top cover 11 is in threaded connection with the outer barrel 21, and the sealing ring 12 is filled in the fixing groove 21a for further sealing;
(3) opening the valve 3, injecting supercritical fluid into the outer barrel 21 through the liquid inlet pipe 7, closing the valve 3 after air is exhausted, continuing to inject supercritical fluid into the outer barrel 21 until the rubber body at the top end of the top cover 11 cannot be pressed downwards, stopping injecting supercritical fluid, increasing the contact area of the super-zero fluid and the extract particles due to the filter screen 83 arranged on the inner barrel 81 and the partition plate 82, and opening the valve 3 after the reaction time is up to complete the next separation process of the extraction super-zero fluid through the liquid outlet pipe 4.
The invention provides a supercritical extraction device for traditional Chinese medicine, which utilizes the connecting rod 62, the outer shell 63 and the piston 65 to extract the extract, and the extract is put into a fan-shaped cavity inside the inner barrel 81 through the outer shell 63, thereby facilitating the filling of the extract and ensuring the sanitation of the extract; moreover, since the length of the outer shell 63 is the same as that of the inner barrel 81 and the length of the piston 65 is one third of that of the outer shell 63, the extract filled in through the outer shell 63 is certainly two thirds of that of the inner barrel 81, and the extract cannot be too much or too little, so that the extract is greatly convenient to fill; the partition 82 is used for dividing the inner barrel 81 into eight equal fan-shaped cavities, the second cavities 82a are arranged among the fan-shaped cavities formed by the partition 82, and the filter screens 83 are arranged on the side wall of the inner barrel 81 and the partition 82, so that the extract is fully contacted with the supercritical fluid, the extraction degree is high, and the extraction time is saved.
The foregoing illustrates and describes the principles, general features, and advantages of the present invention. It will be understood by those skilled in the art that the present invention is not limited to the embodiments described above, and the embodiments and descriptions given above are only illustrative of the principles of the present invention, and various changes and modifications may be made without departing from the spirit and scope of the invention, which fall within the scope of the claims. The scope of the invention is defined by the appended claims and equivalents thereof.
Claims (1)
1. A traditional Chinese medicine supercritical extraction device is characterized in that: the device comprises a liquid outlet pipe (4), a valve (3), a protection mechanism (2), a dustproof pipe (5), a sealing mechanism (1), a liquid inlet pipe (7), an extraction mechanism (6) and a reaction mechanism (8), wherein the valve (3) is arranged on the liquid outlet pipe (4); the liquid outlet pipe (4) is fixedly arranged on the protection mechanism (2); the dustproof pipe (5) for preventing dust is fixedly arranged on the protection mechanism (2); the sealing mechanism (1) is in threaded connection with the protection mechanism (2); the liquid inlet pipe (7) is fixedly arranged on the sealing mechanism (1); the extraction mechanism (6) for extracting reactants is arranged in the dustproof pipe (5); wherein the content of the first and second substances,
the extraction mechanism (6) comprises a connecting rod (62), an outer shell (63) and a piston (65), the connecting rod (62) is fixedly connected with the piston (65), and the piston (65) is connected with the outer shell (63) in a sliding manner; the reaction mechanism (8) comprises an inner barrel (81), a partition plate (82) and a filter screen (83), the inner barrel (81) is installed in the protection mechanism (2), the partition plate (82) is arranged on the inner barrel (81), and the filter screen (83) is fixedly installed on the side wall of the inner barrel (81) and the partition plate (82); a second cavity (82a) is formed between the partition plates (82);
the sealing mechanism (1) comprises a top cover (11) and a sealing ring (12), the liquid inlet pipe (7) is arranged on the side wall of the top cover (11), a first accommodating cavity (11a) is formed in the top cover (11), the top surface of the top cover (11) is made of elastic rubber materials, and the sealing ring (12) used for sealing is arranged at the bottom end, located on the side wall of the liquid inlet pipe (7), of the top cover (11);
the protection mechanism (2) comprises an outer barrel (21) and a stop block (22), the liquid outlet pipe (4) and the dustproof pipe (5) are arranged on the side wall of the outer barrel (21), the outer barrel (21) is sleeved with the inner barrel (81), the inner wall of the outer barrel (21) is provided with a plurality of stop blocks (22), the top end of the outer barrel (21) is provided with an annular fixing groove (21a), and the outer barrel (21) is in threaded connection with the top cover (11);
the radius of the outer barrel (21) is equal to the sum of the radius of the inner barrel (81) and the length of the stop block (22);
the extraction mechanism (6) further comprises a baffle (61) and a transverse plate (64), the baffle (61) is arranged at one end, away from the piston (65), of the connecting rod (62), and the transverse plate (64) is symmetrically arranged on the side wall of the outer shell (63); the transverse plate (64) is erected at the top end of the dustproof pipe (5);
the length of the outer shell (63) is equal to that of the inner barrel (81), and the length of the piston (65) is one third of that of the outer shell (63);
the partition plates (82) divide the inner barrel (81) into eight identical fan-shaped accommodating cavities, and the second cavity (82a) is formed between each fan-shaped accommodating cavity through the partition plates (82);
the outer shell (63) is of a cone structure with a sector cone bottom surface, and the bottom surface of a sector accommodating cavity on the inner barrel (81) is the same as the bottom surface of the outer shell (63);
a through hole is formed in the bottom surface of the inner part of the outer barrel (21), one side of the through hole, which is far away from the inner wall of the outer barrel (21), is of an arc-shaped structure, and the bottom end of the through hole is connected with the liquid outlet pipe (4);
firstly, cutting the extract into particles with the volume larger than the holes of the filter screen (83) by a knife, and placing the extract particles in a beaker for standby after cutting; opening the top cover (11), taking the extracting mechanism (6) out of the dustproof pipe (5), holding the uppermost end of the outer shell (63), inserting the bottom end of the outer shell (63) into a beaker containing extract particles, enabling the extract particles to enter a through hole in the outer shell (63), jacking the piston (65), and repeating the action until the top end of the piston (65) contacts the top end in the outer shell (63) and the piston (65) does not move any more;
placing the outer shell (63) containing the extraction particles into one of the fan-shaped cavities of the inner barrel (81), contacting the bottom end of the outer shell (63) with the bottom surface of the inner part of the inner barrel (81), then pushing the baffle (61), wherein the baffle (61) drives the connecting rod (62) and the piston (65) to move downwards, pushing the extraction particles out of the inner part of the outer shell (63) and into the fan-shaped cavities of the inner barrel (81), discharging air through holes in the filter screen (83), then taking the extraction mechanism (6) out of the inner barrel (81), and repeating the above actions until the fan-shaped cavities of the other seven inner barrels (81) are filled with the extraction particles; then the top cover (11) is covered, the top cover (11) is in threaded connection with the outer barrel (21), and the sealing ring (12) is filled in the fixing groove (21a) for further sealing;
opening the valve (3), injecting supercritical fluid into the outer barrel (21) through the liquid inlet pipe (7), closing the valve (3) after air is exhausted, continuing to inject supercritical fluid into the inner barrel (21) until the rubber fluid at the top end of the top cover (11) can not be pressed downwards, stopping injecting supercritical fluid, increasing the contact area of supercritical fluid and the extract particles due to the fact that the filter screens (83) are arranged on the inner barrel (81) and the partition plate (82), opening the valve (3) after the reaction time is up, completing extraction, and enabling the supercritical fluid to enter the next separation process through the liquid outlet pipe (4).
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