CN108381691A - 一种阻燃竹片胶合板及其制备方法 - Google Patents
一种阻燃竹片胶合板及其制备方法 Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
本发明属于一种阻燃竹片胶合板及其制备方法；包括四层杨木中板和三层竹片中板交错设置构成，竹片中板包括若干个小毛竹片和编织绳，小毛竹片的长度为：2.5m，宽度为1.5cm，厚度为1.5mm；相邻杨木中板和竹片中板之间设有粘结剂层；具有结构简单、设计合理、制作工艺方便快捷、成本低廉、稳定性好、不易变形、抗压能力强、支撑力大、不易折断、可有效提高板材的物理性能以及使用寿命的优点。
Description
技术领域
本发明属于木材加工技术领域，具体涉及一种适用于汽车车斗或火车车皮内部使用的阻燃竹片胶合板及其制备方法。
背景技术
众所周知，杨树为速生丰产树种，其具有适应性广、年生长期长和生产速度快的特点，其在我国的南方及北方均有广泛的种植，杨木资源较为丰富，因此价格低廉；但由于杨木自身质地较软、纤维结构疏松、木材相对较差和易变性等，其适用范围受到较大的限制，因此价格比较低廉；毛竹是中国栽培悠久、面积最广、经济价值也最重要的竹种。毛竹的用途与人们的日常生活息息相关，在人们衣、食、住、行、观、用、饰各个方面发挥着重要作用，它拥有材用、食用、药用、观赏、饲用、环保等众多功用，其生长迅速，是无污染绿色宝库中一颗璀璨明珠，是营建绿色银行的理想物种；毛竹的竿型粗大，并且由于自自身特性，一般用于建筑用，如梁柱、棚架、脚手架等，作为板材使用则用量较小，因此其价格比较低廉；目前市场上汽车车斗或火车车皮内部使用的板材具有价格高、制作工艺复杂和使用寿命低的缺陷，其严重影响了物流成本的降低。
发明内容
本发明的目的在于克服现有技术中的缺陷而提供一种结构简单、设计合理、制作工艺方便快捷、成本低廉、稳定性好、不易变形、抗压能力强、支撑力大、不易折断、可有效提高板材的物理性能以及使用寿命的阻燃竹片胶合板及其制备方法。
本发明的目的是这样实现的：包括四层杨木中板和三层竹片中板交错设置构成，竹片中板包括若干个小毛竹片和编织绳，小毛竹片的长度为：2.5m，宽度为1.5cm，厚度为1.5mm；相邻杨木中板和竹片中板之间设有粘结剂层。
优选地，所述杨木中板和竹片中板的长度为：2.5m，宽度为1.26m，厚度为1.5mm。
一种阻燃竹片胶合板的制备方法，包括如下步骤：
步骤一：刨切：将毛竹刨切成为若干个小毛竹片，小毛竹片的长度为：2.5m，宽度为1.5cm，厚度为1.5mm；
步骤二：阻燃处理：将步骤一中刨切后的若干个小毛竹片打捆并放入带有阻燃剂的压力罐内进行阻燃工艺处理；将制成杨木中板的若干个杨木条同样放置在带有阻燃剂的压力罐内进行阻燃工艺处理；
步骤三：干燥处理：将步骤二中经过阻燃处理后的小毛竹片和杨木条分别放入烘干机内进行烘干，烘干后的小毛竹片和杨木条的水分重量百分比均不大于12%；
步骤四： 编织：将步骤三中烘干后的小毛竹片放入编织机内，通过编织绳纵横交错将小毛竹片编织成竹片中板，竹片中板的长度为：2.5m，宽度为1.26m，厚度为1.5mm；
步骤五：制备杨木中板：将步骤三中烘干后的杨木条制成杨木中板，杨木中板的长度为：2.5m，宽度为1.26m，厚度为1.5mm；
步骤六：制胶：向五谷生物胶中加入五谷生物粉制成粘结剂，五谷生物胶和五谷生物粉的重量比为2：1；
步骤七：涂胶组板：在下三层杨木中板的顶部以及三层竹片中板的顶部涂施粘结剂，将下三层杨木中板以及三层竹片中板交错设置放置在一起后，在涂施粘结剂的上层竹片中板顶部放置上层杨木中板，组板完成； 粘结剂的涂施量为320～350g/m2；
步骤八：冷压胶合定型：对步骤七中所述的组板完成后对板材进行冷压定型；对板材的压力为10～13kg/ cm2；
步骤九：热压：将冷压胶合定型后的板材进行热压，制成阻燃竹片胶合板半成品；所述热压温度108～115℃，热压时间600s，热压压力为：12～15kg/ cm2；
步骤十：成品：使阻燃竹片胶合板半成品经过砂光工序、压贴工序、裁边工序以及抛光工序后即成成品。
本发明具有结构简单、设计合理、制作工艺方便快捷、成本低廉、稳定性好、不易变形、抗压能力强、支撑力大、不易折断、可有效提高板材的物理性能以及使用寿命的优点。
附图说明
图1为本发明的结构示意图。
图2为本发明竹片中板的结构示意图。
具体实施方式
如图1、2所示，本发明为一种阻燃竹片胶合板及其制备方法，其结构部分包括四层杨木中板1和三层竹片中板2交错设置构成，竹片中板2包括若干个小毛竹片3和编织绳4，小毛竹片3的长度为：2.5m，宽度为1.5cm，厚度为1.5mm；相邻杨木中板1和竹片中板2之间设有粘结剂层5。所述杨木中板1和竹片中板2的长度为：2.5m，宽度为1.26m，厚度为1.5mm。
一种阻燃竹片胶合板的制备方法，包括如下步骤：
步骤一：刨切：将毛竹刨切成为若干个小毛竹片3，小毛竹片3的长度为：2.5m，宽度为1.5cm，厚度为1.5mm；
步骤二：阻燃处理：将步骤一中刨切后的若干个小毛竹片3打捆并放入带有阻燃剂的压力罐内进行阻燃工艺处理；将制成杨木中板1的若干个杨木条同样放置在带有阻燃剂的压力罐内进行阻燃工艺处理；
步骤三：干燥处理：将步骤二中经过阻燃处理后的小毛竹片3和杨木条分别放入烘干机内进行烘干，烘干后的小毛竹片3和杨木条的水分重量百分比均不大于12%；
步骤四： 编织：将步骤三中烘干后的小毛竹片3放入编织机内，通过编织绳4纵横交错将小毛竹片3编织成竹片中板2，竹片中板2的长度为：2.5m，宽度为1.26m，厚度为1.5mm；
步骤五：制备杨木中板1：将步骤三中烘干后的杨木条制成杨木中板1，杨木中板1的长度为：2.5m，宽度为1.26m，厚度为1.5mm；
步骤六：制胶：向五谷生物胶中加入五谷生物粉制成粘结剂，五谷生物胶和五谷生物粉的重量比为2：1；
步骤七：涂胶组板：在下三层杨木中板1的顶部以及三层竹片中板2的顶部涂施粘结剂，将下三层杨木中板1以及三层竹片中板2交错设置放置在一起后，在涂施粘结剂的上层竹片中板2顶部放置上层杨木中板1，组板完成； 粘结剂的涂施量为320～350g/m2；
步骤八：冷压胶合定型：对步骤七中所述的组板完成后对板材进行冷压定型；对板材的压力为10～13kg/ cm2；
步骤九：热压：将冷压胶合定型后的板材进行热压，制成阻燃竹片胶合板半成品；所述热压温度108～115℃，热压时间600s，热压压力为：12～15kg/ cm2；
步骤十：成品：使阻燃竹片胶合板半成品经过砂光工序、压贴工序、裁边工序以及抛光工序后即成成品。
本发明制备的板材主要根据毛竹和杨木自身的特性进行制备的，将小毛竹片3以及杨木条放入添加阻燃剂的压力罐内进行阻燃处理，由于杨木的木质疏松，能够使阻燃剂更多的进入杨木的内部以达到良好的阻燃效果，阻燃处理后可进行烘干处理，将烘干处理后将小毛竹片3编织成竹片中板2，并将杨木条通过常规方法制成杨木中板1；上述方式能够有效利用杨木自身质地较软和纤维结构疏松的特性，使阻燃剂及可能的进入杨木内部达到较好的阻燃效果，毛竹的弹性以及柔韧性较好，能够与杨木的易变性和易断裂的缺陷相结合，从而有效提高板材整体的稳定性和其他物理性能，从而达到不易变形和不易折断的目的；另外，将毛竹刨切成小毛竹片3，并通过编织的方法将制备成竹片中板2，并通过冷压以及热压能够有效提高板材整体的稳定性和抗压能力，从而达到板材的支撑力和延长使用寿命的目的。本发明步骤六中所述的五谷生物胶和五谷生物粉均采购于郑州佰沃生物质材料有限公司，公司地址为：河南省荥阳市建设路与棋源路交汇处西南侧；由于其可以在市场上直接购置，因此不再赘述。
实施例一
一种阻燃竹片胶合板及其制备方法，其结构部分包括四层杨木中板1和三层竹片中板2交错设置构成，竹片中板2包括若干个小毛竹片3和编织绳4，小毛竹片3的长度为：2.5m，宽度为1.5cm，厚度为1.5mm；相邻杨木中板1和竹片中板2之间设有粘结剂层5。所述杨木中板1和竹片中板2的长度为：2.5m，宽度为1.26m，厚度为1.5mm。
一种阻燃竹片胶合板的制备方法，包括如下步骤：
步骤一：刨切：将毛竹刨切成为若干个小毛竹片3，小毛竹片3的长度为：2.5m，宽度为1.5cm，厚度为1.5mm；
步骤二：阻燃处理：将步骤一中刨切后的若干个小毛竹片3打捆并放入带有阻燃剂的压力罐内进行阻燃工艺处理；将制成杨木中板1的若干个杨木条同样放置在带有阻燃剂的压力罐内进行阻燃工艺处理；
步骤三：干燥处理：将步骤二中经过阻燃处理后的小毛竹片3和杨木条分别放入烘干机内进行烘干，烘干后的小毛竹片3和杨木条的水分重量百分比均不大于12%；
步骤四： 编织：将步骤三中烘干后的小毛竹片3放入编织机内，通过编织绳4纵横交错将小毛竹片3编织成竹片中板2，竹片中板2的长度为：2.5m，宽度为1.26m，厚度为1.5mm；
步骤五：制备杨木中板1：将步骤三中烘干后的杨木条制成杨木中板1，杨木中板1的长度为：2.5m，宽度为1.26m，厚度为1.5mm；
步骤六：向五谷生物胶中加入五谷生物粉制成粘结剂，五谷生物胶和五谷生物粉的重量比为2：1；
步骤七：涂胶组板：在下三层杨木中板1的顶部以及三层竹片中板2的顶部涂施粘结剂，将下三层杨木中板1以及三层竹片中板2交错设置放置在一起后，在涂施粘结剂的上层竹片中板2顶部放置上层杨木中板1，组板完成； 粘结剂的涂施量为320g/m2；
步骤八：冷压胶合定型：对步骤七中所述的组板完成后对板材进行冷压定型；对板材的压力为10kg/ cm2；
步骤九：热压：将冷压胶合定型后的板材进行热压，制成阻燃竹片胶合板半成品；所述热压温度108℃，热压时间600s，热压压力为：12kg/ cm2；
步骤十：成品：使阻燃竹片胶合板半成品经过砂光工序、压贴工序、裁边工序以及抛光工序后即成成品。
实施例二
一种阻燃竹片胶合板及其制备方法，其结构部分包括四层杨木中板1和三层竹片中板2交错设置构成，竹片中板2包括若干个小毛竹片3和编织绳4，小毛竹片3的长度为：2.5m，宽度为1.5cm，厚度为1.5mm；相邻杨木中板1和竹片中板2之间设有粘结剂层5。所述杨木中板1和竹片中板2的长度为：2.5m，宽度为1.26m，厚度为1.5mm。
一种阻燃竹片胶合板的制备方法，包括如下步骤：
步骤一：刨切：将毛竹刨切成为若干个小毛竹片3，小毛竹片3的长度为：2.5m，宽度为1.5cm，厚度为1.5mm；
步骤二：阻燃处理：将步骤一中刨切后的若干个小毛竹片3打捆并放入带有阻燃剂的压力罐内进行阻燃工艺处理；将制成杨木中板1的若干个杨木条同样放置在带有阻燃剂的压力罐内进行阻燃工艺处理；
步骤三：干燥处理：将步骤二中经过阻燃处理后的小毛竹片3和杨木条分别放入烘干机内进行烘干，烘干后的小毛竹片3和杨木条的水分重量百分比均不大于12%；
步骤四： 编织：将步骤三中烘干后的小毛竹片3放入编织机内，通过编织绳4纵横交错将小毛竹片3编织成竹片中板2，竹片中板2的长度为：2.5m，宽度为1.26m，厚度为1.5mm；
步骤五：制备杨木中板1：将步骤三中烘干后的杨木条制成杨木中板1，杨木中板1的长度为：2.5m，宽度为1.26m，厚度为1.5mm；
步骤六：制胶：向五谷生物胶中加入五谷生物粉制成粘结剂，五谷生物胶和五谷生物粉的重量比为2：1；
步骤七：涂胶组板：在下三层杨木中板1的顶部以及三层竹片中板2的顶部涂施粘结剂，将下三层杨木中板1以及三层竹片中板2交错设置放置在一起后，在涂施粘结剂的上层竹片中板2顶部放置上层杨木中板1，组板完成； 粘结剂的涂施量为350g/m2；
步骤八：冷压胶合定型：对步骤七中所述的组板完成后对板材进行冷压定型；对板材的压力为13kg/ cm2；
步骤九：热压：将冷压胶合定型后的板材进行热压，制成阻燃竹片胶合板半成品；所述热压温度115℃，热压时间600s，热压压力为：15kg/ cm2；
步骤十：成品：使阻燃竹片胶合板半成品经过砂光工序、压贴工序、裁边工序以及抛光工序后即成成品。
实施例三
一种阻燃竹片胶合板及其制备方法，其结构部分包括四层杨木中板1和三层竹片中板2交错设置构成，竹片中板2包括若干个小毛竹片3和编织绳4，小毛竹片3的长度为：2.5m，宽度为1.5cm，厚度为1.5mm；相邻杨木中板1和竹片中板2之间设有粘结剂层5。所述杨木中板1和竹片中板2的长度为：2.5m，宽度为1.26m，厚度为1.5mm。
一种阻燃竹片胶合板的制备方法，包括如下步骤：
步骤一：刨切：将毛竹刨切成为若干个小毛竹片3，小毛竹片3的长度为：2.5m，宽度为1.5cm，厚度为1.5mm；
步骤二：阻燃处理：将步骤一中刨切后的若干个小毛竹片3打捆并放入带有阻燃剂的压力罐内进行阻燃工艺处理；将制成杨木中板1的若干个杨木条同样放置在带有阻燃剂的压力罐内进行阻燃工艺处理；
步骤三：干燥处理：将步骤二中经过阻燃处理后的小毛竹片3和杨木条分别放入烘干机内进行烘干，烘干后的小毛竹片3和杨木条的水分重量百分比均不大于12%；
步骤四： 编织：将步骤三中烘干后的小毛竹片3放入编织机内，通过编织绳4纵横交错将小毛竹片3编织成竹片中板2，竹片中板2的长度为：2.5m，宽度为1.26m，厚度为1.5mm；
步骤五：制备杨木中板1：将步骤三中烘干后的杨木条制成杨木中板1，杨木中板1的长度为：2.5m，宽度为1.26m，厚度为1.5mm；
步骤六：制胶：向五谷生物胶中加入五谷生物粉制成粘结剂，五谷生物胶和五谷生物粉的重量比为2：1；
步骤七：涂胶组板：在下三层杨木中板1的顶部以及三层竹片中板2的顶部涂施粘结剂，将下三层杨木中板1以及三层竹片中板2交错设置放置在一起后，在涂施粘结剂的上层竹片中板2顶部放置上层杨木中板1，组板完成； 粘结剂的涂施量为335g/m2；
步骤八：冷压胶合定型：对步骤七中所述的组板完成后对板材进行冷压定型；对板材的压力为11.5kg/ cm2；
步骤九：热压：将冷压胶合定型后的板材进行热压，制成阻燃竹片胶合板半成品；所述热压温度111.5℃，热压时间600s，热压压力为：13.5kg/cm2；
步骤十：成品：使阻燃竹片胶合板半成品经过砂光工序、压贴工序、裁边工序以及抛光工序后即成成品。
上述实施例仅仅是为清楚地说明所作的举例，而并非对实施方式的限定。对于所属领域的普遍技术人员来说，在上述说明的基础上还可以做出其它不同形式的变化或变动。这里无需也无法对所有的实施方式予以穷举，而由此所引申出的显而易见的变化或变动仍处于本发明创造权利要求的保护范围之中。
实验例1：将本本发明实施例1、实施例2和实施例3制得的样品分别通过生化培养箱和分光度仪检测甲醛释放量，实施例1样品的测试结果为0.O5 mg/ m2实施例2样品的测试结果为0.O6 mg/ m2，实施例3样品的测试结果为0.O8 mg/ m2。
实验例2：将本发明实施例2制得的样品放置在恒温箱内，恒温箱的环境湿度为80%，温度为45摄氏度，存放时间为7天，将样品取出，目测：无霉变、无起皮、无鼓包、无离层和无脱落的情况发生，完全达到了防潮功能。
实验例3：将本发明实施例1制得的样品通过抗压力测试，通过人造板万能试验机进行测试，测试的结果当抗力为13kg/cm2，样品正常，无特殊情况出现。
实验例4：将本发明实施例1、实施例2和实施例3制得的样品分别进行胶合强度测试，通过人造板万能试验机进行测试，实施例1样品的测试结果为1.0MPa，实施例1样品的测试结果为1.25MPa和实施例3样品的测试结果为1.33MPa。
实验例5：将本发明实施例3制得的样品通过恒温水浴锅按国家二类标准检测，浸渍剥离结果1O0%合格。
实验例6：将本本发明实施例1、实施例2和实施例3制得的样品分别通过阻燃效果用氧指数测定仪检测，实施例1样品的用氧指数据为46；实施例2样品的用氧指数据为48；；实施例3样品的用氧指数据为45。
Claims (3)
1.一种阻燃竹片胶合板，其特征在于：该胶合板包括四层杨木中板（1）和三层竹片中板（2）交错设置构成，竹片中板（2）包括若干个小毛竹片（3）和编织绳（4），小毛竹片（3）的长度为：2.5m，宽度为1.5cm，厚度为1.5mm；相邻杨木中板（1）和竹片中板（2）之间设有粘结剂层（5）。
2.根据权利要求1所述的一种阻燃竹片胶合板，其特征在于：所述杨木中板（1）和竹片中板（2）的长度为：2.5m，宽度为1.26m，厚度为1.5mm。
3.一种如权利要求1所述的阻燃竹片胶合板的制备方法，其特征在于：包括如下步骤：
步骤一：刨切：将毛竹刨切成为若干个小毛竹片（3），小毛竹片（3）的长度为：2.5m，宽度为1.5cm，厚度为1.5mm；
步骤二：阻燃处理：将步骤一中刨切后的若干个小毛竹片（3）打捆并放入带有阻燃剂的压力罐内进行阻燃工艺处理；将制成杨木中板（1）的若干个杨木条同样放置在带有阻燃剂的压力罐内进行阻燃工艺处理；
步骤三：干燥处理：将步骤二中经过阻燃处理后的小毛竹片（3）和杨木条分别放入烘干机内进行烘干，烘干后的小毛竹片（3）和杨木条的水分重量百分比均不大于12%；
步骤四： 编织：将步骤三中烘干后的小毛竹片（3）放入编织机内，通过编织绳（4）纵横交错将小毛竹片（3）编织成竹片中板（2），竹片中板（2）的长度为：2.5m，宽度为1.26m，厚度为1.5mm；
步骤五：制备杨木中板（1）：将步骤三中烘干后的杨木条制成杨木中板（1），杨木中板（1）的长度为：2.5m，宽度为1.26m，厚度为1.5mm；
步骤六：制胶：向五谷生物胶中加入五谷生物粉制成粘结剂，五谷生物胶和五谷生物粉的重量比为2：1；
步骤七：涂胶组板：在下三层杨木中板（1）的顶部以及三层竹片中板（2）的顶部涂施粘结剂，将下三层杨木中板（1）以及三层竹片中板（2）交错设置放置在一起后，在涂施粘结剂的上层竹片中板（2）顶部放置上层杨木中板（1），组板完成； 粘结剂的涂施量为320～350g/m2；
步骤八：冷压胶合定型：对步骤七中所述的组板完成后对板材进行冷压定型；对板材的压力为10～13kg/ cm2；
步骤九：热压：将冷压胶合定型后的板材进行热压，制成阻燃竹片胶合板半成品；所述热压温度108～115℃，热压时间600s，热压压力为：12～15kg/ cm2；
步骤十：成品：使阻燃竹片胶合板半成品经过砂光工序、压贴工序、裁边工序以及抛光工序后即成成品。
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