CN108380850B - Ceramic particle multi-scale reinforced metal matrix composite wear-resistant rake tooth head and preparation method thereof - Google Patents
Ceramic particle multi-scale reinforced metal matrix composite wear-resistant rake tooth head and preparation method thereof Download PDFInfo
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- CN108380850B CN108380850B CN201810261268.9A CN201810261268A CN108380850B CN 108380850 B CN108380850 B CN 108380850B CN 201810261268 A CN201810261268 A CN 201810261268A CN 108380850 B CN108380850 B CN 108380850B
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B22—CASTING; POWDER METALLURGY
- B22D—CASTING OF METALS; CASTING OF OTHER SUBSTANCES BY THE SAME PROCESSES OR DEVICES
- B22D19/00—Casting in, on, or around objects which form part of the product
- B22D19/02—Casting in, on, or around objects which form part of the product for making reinforced articles
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B22—CASTING; POWDER METALLURGY
- B22F—WORKING METALLIC POWDER; MANUFACTURE OF ARTICLES FROM METALLIC POWDER; MAKING METALLIC POWDER; APPARATUS OR DEVICES SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR METALLIC POWDER
- B22F3/00—Manufacture of workpieces or articles from metallic powder characterised by the manner of compacting or sintering; Apparatus specially adapted therefor ; Presses and furnaces
- B22F3/02—Compacting only
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B22—CASTING; POWDER METALLURGY
- B22F—WORKING METALLIC POWDER; MANUFACTURE OF ARTICLES FROM METALLIC POWDER; MAKING METALLIC POWDER; APPARATUS OR DEVICES SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR METALLIC POWDER
- B22F3/00—Manufacture of workpieces or articles from metallic powder characterised by the manner of compacting or sintering; Apparatus specially adapted therefor ; Presses and furnaces
- B22F3/10—Sintering only
- B22F3/1017—Multiple heating or additional steps
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B22—CASTING; POWDER METALLURGY
- B22F—WORKING METALLIC POWDER; MANUFACTURE OF ARTICLES FROM METALLIC POWDER; MAKING METALLIC POWDER; APPARATUS OR DEVICES SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR METALLIC POWDER
- B22F5/00—Manufacture of workpieces or articles from metallic powder characterised by the special shape of the product
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- E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
- E01—CONSTRUCTION OF ROADS, RAILWAYS, OR BRIDGES
- E01B—PERMANENT WAY; PERMANENT-WAY TOOLS; MACHINES FOR MAKING RAILWAYS OF ALL KINDS
- E01B27/00—Placing, renewing, working, cleaning, or taking-up the ballast, with or without concurrent work on the track; Devices therefor; Packing sleepers
- E01B27/06—Renewing or cleaning the ballast in situ, with or without concurrent work on the track
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B22—CASTING; POWDER METALLURGY
- B22F—WORKING METALLIC POWDER; MANUFACTURE OF ARTICLES FROM METALLIC POWDER; MAKING METALLIC POWDER; APPARATUS OR DEVICES SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR METALLIC POWDER
- B22F2998/00—Supplementary information concerning processes or compositions relating to powder metallurgy
- B22F2998/10—Processes characterised by the sequence of their steps
Abstract
The invention discloses a ceramic particle multi-scale reinforced metal matrix composite wear-resistant rake tooth head and a preparation method thereof, belonging to the field of part preparation. According to the invention, ceramic particles and alloy powder are pressed and sintered to prepare the rod-shaped composite material, and a plurality of rod-shaped composite materials are embedded in a metal matrix by combining an embedding and casting process, so that the metal matrix wraps the uniformly distributed plurality of rod-shaped composite materials. The rake tooth head of the invention avoids the problems of easy abrasion of common rake teeth, poor toughness of homogeneous composite wear-resistant parts and brittle and non-impact resistance, ensures the accurate size of parts compared with the integral metallurgical sintering by the combination process of powder metallurgy and cast-in, meets the service performance requirements of specific parts, omits the assembly process, simplifies the manufacturing process to a certain extent, greatly reduces the preparation cost of parts compared with the integral metallurgical sintering, has good organization compact metallurgical combination, and can be applied to the rake tooth parts of cleaning trucks for railway maintenance, rake bucket rock loaders and the like.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the technical field of part preparation, and particularly relates to a ceramic particle multi-scale reinforced metal matrix composite wear-resistant rake tooth head and a preparation method thereof.
Background
The cleaning and screening machine for railway maintenance is mainly used for backfill operation after stone ballast cleaning and loosening of a railway track bed, the scraper bucket rock loading machine is important mining equipment and is used for excavating and tunneling, the scraper tooth is one of important parts in the two kinds of equipment and is also an important part of some mining machinery and road maintenance machinery, and the working efficiency of the equipment is determined by the quality of the scraper tooth head. The rake tooth head is subjected to different degrees of abrasion and impact under different working conditions to generate different degrees and different forms of failures, and the ceramic particle reinforced metal matrix composite has excellent abrasion resistance and impact resistance and is widely applied to mining machinery.
The invention patent CN201520399948.9 relates to a wear-resistant rake tooth of a railway cleaning vehicle, wherein a groove is designed on the outer circumference of the rear end of a tooth head, and wear-resistant alloy is welded in the groove to form simple wear-resistant composite. The double-alloy cambered surface sleeve-embedding welding process is complex, difficult to realize, high in cost and difficult to control the welding quality, and the hard alloy wear-resistant structure is easy to loosen and crack when being impacted for a long time.
The invention patent CN201510026941.7 relates to a novel wear-resistant composite material rake tooth of a railway screen cleaning car or a rake bucket rock loading machine, which is characterized in that a layer of ceramic particle metal composite material is coated on the outer surface of a tooth head, and the rest part is common alloy. The wear resistance, hardness and impact resistance of the rake teeth are obviously improved, but the thickness of the composite wear-resistant layer on the surface of the rake teeth is limited, most of the rake teeth are made of common alloy, most of the rake teeth cannot be fully applied to the structure of the rake teeth, and the service life is restricted to be prolonged.
Therefore, how to overcome the defects of the prior art is a problem which needs to be solved in the technical field of part preparation at present.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to solve the defects of the prior art and provides a ceramic particle multi-scale reinforced metal matrix composite wear-resistant rake tooth head and a preparation method thereof, so as to solve the problems that the rake tooth head fails in different degrees and different forms due to different degree modes and impacts on the rake tooth head under the severe working conditions of frequent impact, contact friction and the like, the working time of the rake tooth head is prolonged, and the pure ceramic particle reinforced homogeneous composite material is brittle and fragile.
In order to achieve the purpose, the technical scheme adopted by the invention is as follows:
a ceramic particle multi-scale reinforced metal matrix composite wear-resistant rake tooth head comprises a metal matrix and a rod-shaped composite material, wherein a plurality of rod-shaped composite materials which are uniformly distributed are wrapped in the metal matrix;
the metal matrix is made of one or a combination of two of high manganese steel, high chromium cast iron and carbon steel;
the preparation method of the rod-shaped composite material comprises the following steps:
step (1), uniformly mixing ceramic particles, alloy powder and a plasticizer, filling the mixture into a hollow column mold, and pressing the mixture under the pressure of 300-500 MPa for 15-60 min to obtain a powder rod;
step (2), placing the powder rod obtained by compression molding in the step (1) in a vacuum tube furnace, degreasing at 110 ℃, heating to 1110-1150 ℃ in stages after complete degreasing, and sintering for 2.0-3.5 hours in a heat preservation manner to obtain a rod-shaped composite material;
the ceramic particles are WC, TiC and Al2O3、ZrO2And one or more of SiC in any proportion to obtain a mixture;
the alloy powder is one or a mixture of chromium iron powder, iron powder and manganese iron powder;
the mass ratio of the ceramic particles to the alloy powder is 1: 1-10; the mass content of the plasticizer is 1-2% of the total mass of the ceramic particles and the alloy powder;
the temperature-raising program for raising the temperature in stages comprises the following steps: 110 ℃ and 600 ℃ at the temperature of 6 ℃ per minute; 600 ℃ and 800 ℃ per minute, 4 ℃ per minute, 800 ℃ and 1150 ℃ per minute, 2 ℃.
Further, the degreasing time is preferably 2 hours.
Further, it is preferable that the plasticizer is one or a combination of two of phthalate and paraffin.
Further, it is preferable that the ceramic particles have a particle size of
To achieve the purpose.
Further, preferably, the rod-shaped composite material has a diameter of 2 mm-6 mm and a length of 10 mm-50 mm; the rake teeth head is conical.
Further, preferably, the mixing is carried out in a nodular graphite machine, and the mixing time is 30-120 min; the pressing time is 30 min.
The invention also provides a preparation method of the ceramic particle multi-scale reinforced metal matrix composite wear-resistant rake tooth head, which is characterized by comprising the following steps:
step a, polishing a formed rod-shaped composite material prepared by sintering, uniformly inserting the rod-shaped composite material into the middle of a sand mold base and fixing the rod-shaped composite material in a sand mold;
step b, electromagnetic smelting casting is adopted, a preheating pouring channel is cast by using molten steel, the temperature of a sand mold is raised and preheated, and a casting cavity is cast when the temperature of the sand mold reaches the highest temperature, so that the insert casting compounding step is completed;
the molten steel is one or the combination of high manganese molten steel, high chromium cast iron liquid and carbon molten steel.
Further, preferably, the volume of the cavity of the sand mold is 9-20 times of the volume of all the rod-shaped composite materials.
Further, preferably, when the preheating pouring channel is cast by molten steel, the width range of the preheating pouring channel is 10-30 mm; and when the die cavity is cast, the temperature of the molten steel ranges from 1470 ℃ to 1650 ℃.
Further, it is preferable that the diameter of the upper end of the riser is 1.5 to 2.5 times the diameter of the runner.
The rake tooth head is formed by connecting a metal matrix and a rod-shaped composite material prepared by metallurgical sintering in an embedding and metallurgical manner into a whole.
The volume fraction of the ceramic particles in the rod-shaped composite material is 20-80%.
The volume of the cavity of the sand mold varies with the material and melt composition of all the rod-like composite materials (inserts) used.
The temperature of the molten steel of the casting preheating pouring channel changes along with the specific material components and the size of the cavity.
The width of the preheating pouring channel changes with the specific material composition and the size of the cavity.
The present invention is not limited with respect to the particle size of the alloy powder.
According to the invention, the diameter of the upper part of the riser is thickened to be 1.5-2.5 times of the diameter of a pouring gate, the gravity of a large amount of melt of the riser is effectively utilized to press down to effectively feed a cavity, the large amount of melt of the riser enters the riser through the cavity to release more heat into the cavity, and the cast-in metallurgical compounding process is promoted.
The rake tooth head of the invention avoids the problems of easy abrasion of common rake teeth, poor toughness of homogeneous composite wear-resistant parts and brittle and non-impact resistance, ensures the accurate size of parts compared with the integral metallurgical sintering by the combination process of powder metallurgy and cast-in, meets the service performance requirements of specific parts, omits the assembly process, simplifies the manufacturing process to a certain extent, greatly reduces the preparation cost of parts compared with the integral metallurgical sintering, has good organization compact metallurgical combination, and can be applied to the rake tooth parts of cleaning trucks for railway maintenance, rake bucket rock loaders and the like.
Compared with the prior art, the invention has the beneficial effects that:
(1) compared with the common finished hard alloy, the ceramic particles in the ceramic particle multi-scale reinforced metal matrix composite wear-resistant rake tooth head have the advantages that the price is 50 percent lower, the tooth head has higher application capability under different impact and wear working conditions, and the using effect is good.
(2) The ceramic particle multi-scale reinforced metal matrix composite wear-resistant rake tooth head is reinforced in multiple sizes, the tough tissue effectively limits crack propagation, and the ceramic particle reinforced homogeneous composite material is prevented from being brittle. Impact resistance and removal crack.
(3) The invention adopts powder metallurgy sintering to prepare the rod-shaped composite material as the insert, the size is accurate, the composite is good, and the shape and the volume of the rod-shaped composite material are freely designed.
(4) The preheating sand mold casting is adopted, so that the metallurgical compounding effect is good under the condition of a large cavity;
(5) the upper part of the sand mould riser is thickened, so that the total heat release amount of molten steel passing through the mould cavity is effectively increased.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a top view of a ceramic particle multi-scale reinforced metal matrix composite wear-resistant rake tooth head;
FIG. 2 is a longitudinal sectional view of a tooth head of a multi-scale reinforced metal matrix composite wear-resistant rake tooth of ceramic particles
FIG. 3 is a schematic structural diagram of an apparatus used for preparing a ceramic particle multi-scale reinforced metal matrix composite wear-resistant rake tooth head;
wherein, 1, a metal matrix; 2. a rod-like composite material; 3. a cavity; 4. a pouring channel; 5. adding a rough riser; 6. preheating a pouring channel; 7. sand molding; .
Detailed Description
The present invention will be described in further detail with reference to examples.
It will be appreciated by those skilled in the art that the following examples are illustrative of the invention only and should not be taken as limiting the scope of the invention. The examples do not specify particular techniques or conditions, and are performed according to the techniques or conditions described in the literature in the art or according to the product specifications. The materials or equipment used are not indicated by manufacturers, and all are conventional products available by purchase.
Example 1
This example provides Al2O3The high manganese steel ceramic particle multi-scale reinforced metal matrix composite wear-resistant rake tooth head is composed of a metal matrix 1 and a rod-shaped composite material 2 in the figures 1 and 2, and a plurality of rod-shaped composite materials are uniformly distributed in the metal matrix. The diameter of the rod-shaped composite material is 5mm, and the lengths of the three layers of rod-shaped composite materials from outside to inside are 15mm, 30mm and 45mm respectively. The rake teeth head is conical.
The metal matrix is made of high manganese steel.
Al in the example2O3The preparation method of the high manganese steel ceramic particle multi-scale reinforced metal matrix composite wear-resistant rake tooth head comprises the following steps:
step (1), uniformly mixing 40-60-mesh ceramic particles, 200-mesh alloy powder and a plasticizer, filling the mixture into a hollow column mold, and pressing the mixture for 30min under the pressure of 500MPa to form a powder rod; the mixing is carried out in a nodular graphite machine for 60 min; the pressing time is 30 min.
Step (2), placing the powder rod obtained by compression molding in the step (1) in a vacuum tube furnace, degreasing for 2 hours at 110 ℃, raising the temperature to 1150 ℃ in stages after complete degreasing, and sintering for 3.5 hours in a heat preservation manner to obtain a rod-shaped composite material;
the ceramic particles are Al2O3；
The alloy powder is manganese iron powder;
the mass ratio of the ceramic particles to the alloy powder is 3: 5; the mass content of the plasticizer is 2% of the total mass of the ceramic particles and the alloy powder;
the plasticizer is phthalate.
The temperature-raising program for raising the temperature in stages comprises the following steps: 110 ℃ and 600 ℃ at the temperature of 6 ℃ per minute; 600 ℃ and 800 ℃ per minute, 4 ℃ per minute, 800 ℃ and 1150 ℃ per minute, 2 ℃.
Step (3), a tooth tip-shaped wood mold is used for making a conical groove in the middle of the lower sandbox cavity, and according to the distribution design of the tooth tip rod-shaped composite material, the rod-shaped composite material prepared by sintering is polished, uniformly inserted into the middle of a sand mold base and fixed in a sand mold;
step (4), electromagnetic smelting and casting are adopted, molten steel with double cavity volume is electromagnetically smelted, 1/6 parts of melt is poured into a ladle when the temperature reaches 1400 ℃, then the molten steel is poured into a preheating runner, the temperature of a sand mold is raised and preheated, the rest molten steel is smelted to 1520 ℃, when the temperature of the sand mold reaches the maximum temperature, the rest molten steel is completely poured into the ladle and is cast into the sand mold at a constant speed, and the insert casting compounding step is completed; as shown in fig. 3.
And waiting for the next day, completely cooling the sand mold, opening the mold to take the parts, performing cutting processing, and preparing the whole part.
The molten steel is high manganese molten steel.
Wherein the volume of all the rod-shaped composite materials is 9420mm2(ii) a The volume of the cavity of the sand mold is 15 times of the volume of all the rod-shaped composite materials.
When a preheating pouring channel is cast by molten steel, the width of the preheating pouring channel is 10 mm; when the cavity is cast, the temperature of the molten steel is 1520 ℃. The diameter of the upper end of the riser is 1.5 times of the diameter of the pouring gate.
Example 2
The ceramic particle multi-scale reinforced metal matrix composite wear-resistant rake tooth head provided by the embodiment is composed of a metal matrix 1 and a rod-shaped composite material 2 in fig. 1 and 2, and a plurality of rod-shaped composite materials which are uniformly distributed are wrapped in the metal matrix. The diameter of the rod-shaped composite material is 2mm, and the lengths of the three layers of rod-shaped composite materials from outside to inside are 12mm, 24mm and 36mm respectively. The rake teeth head is conical.
The metal matrix is made of high-chromium cast iron.
The preparation method of the ceramic particle multi-scale reinforced metal matrix composite wear-resistant rake tooth head in the embodiment comprises the following steps:
uniformly mixing 80-120-mesh ceramic particles, alloy powder and a plasticizer, filling the mixture into a hollow column mold, and pressing the mixture under the pressure of 300MPa for 15min to obtain a powder rod; the mixing is carried out in a nodular graphite machine for 30 min; the pressing time is 50 min.
Step (2), putting the powder rod obtained by compression molding in the step (1) into a vacuum tube furnace, degreasing at 110 ℃, heating to 1110 ℃ in stages after complete degreasing, and sintering for 2.0 hours in a heat preservation manner to obtain a rod-shaped composite material;
the ceramic particles are WC;
the alloy powder is ferrochrome powder;
the mass ratio of the ceramic particles to the alloy powder is 1: 1; the mass content of the plasticizer is 1% of the total mass of the ceramic particles and the alloy powder;
the plasticizer is paraffin.
The temperature-raising program for raising the temperature in stages comprises the following steps: 110 ℃ and 600 ℃ at the temperature of 6 ℃ per minute; 600 ℃ and 800 ℃ per minute, 4 ℃ per minute, 800 ℃ and 1110 ℃ per minute, and 2 ℃ per minute.
Step (3), a tooth tip-shaped wood mold is used for making a conical groove in the middle of the lower sandbox cavity, and according to the distribution design of the tooth tip rod-shaped composite material, the rod-shaped composite material prepared by sintering is polished, uniformly inserted into the middle of a sand mold base and fixed in a sand mold;
step (4), electromagnetic smelting and casting are adopted, molten steel with double cavity volumes is electromagnetically smelted, 1/6 parts of melt is poured into a ladle when the temperature reaches 1400 ℃, then the melt is poured into a preheating runner, the temperature of a sand mold is raised and preheated, the rest molten steel is smelted to 1470 ℃, when the temperature of the sand mold reaches the maximum temperature, the rest molten steel is completely poured into the ladle and is cast into the sand mold at a constant speed, and the insert casting compounding step is completed; as shown in fig. 3.
And waiting for the next day, completely cooling the sand mold, opening the mold to take the parts, performing cutting processing, and preparing the whole part.
The molten steel is high-chromium cast iron liquid.
Wherein the volume of the cavity of the sand mold is 9 times of the volume of all the rod-shaped composite materials.
When a preheating pouring channel is cast by molten steel, the width of the preheating pouring channel is 10 mm; when the die cavity is cast, the temperature of the molten steel is 1470 ℃. The diameter of the upper end of the riser is 1.5 times of the diameter of the pouring gate.
Example 3
The embodiment provides a TiC-high manganese steel ceramic particle multi-scale reinforced metal-based composite wear-resistant rake tooth head, which is composed of a metal matrix 1 and a rod-shaped composite material 2 in the figures 1 and 2, wherein a plurality of rod-shaped composite materials are uniformly distributed in the metal matrix. The diameter of the rod-shaped composite material is 5mm, and the lengths of the three layers of rod-shaped composite materials from outside to inside are 15mm, 30mm and 45mm respectively. The rake teeth head is conical.
The metal matrix is made of high manganese steel.
The preparation method of the TiC-high manganese steel ceramic particle multi-scale reinforced metal matrix composite wear-resistant rake tooth head comprises the following steps:
step (1), uniformly mixing 40-60-mesh ceramic particles, 200-mesh alloy powder and a plasticizer, filling the mixture into a hollow column mold, and pressing the mixture for 30min under the pressure of 500MPa of a 45t hydraulic press to obtain a powder rod; the mixing is carried out in a nodular graphite machine for 60 min; the pressing time is 30 min.
Step (2), placing the powder rod obtained by compression molding in the step (1) in a vacuum tube furnace, degreasing for 2 hours at 110 ℃, raising the temperature to 1150 ℃ in stages after complete degreasing, and sintering for 3.5 hours in a heat preservation manner to obtain a rod-shaped composite material;
the ceramic particles are TiC;
the alloy powder is manganese iron powder;
the mass ratio of the ceramic particles to the alloy powder is 3: 5; the mass content of the plasticizer is 2% of the total mass of the ceramic particles and the alloy powder;
the plasticizer is phthalate.
The temperature-raising program for raising the temperature in stages comprises the following steps: 110 ℃ and 600 ℃ at the temperature of 6 ℃ per minute; 600 ℃ and 800 ℃ per minute, 4 ℃ per minute, 800 ℃ and 1150 ℃ per minute, 2 ℃.
Step (3), a tooth tip-shaped wood mold is used for making a conical groove in the middle of the lower sandbox cavity, and according to the distribution design of the tooth tip rod-shaped composite material, the rod-shaped composite material prepared by sintering is polished, uniformly inserted into the middle of a sand mold base and fixed in a sand mold;
step (4), electromagnetic smelting is adopted for casting, 1/6 parts of melt is poured into a ladle when the temperature reaches 1400 ℃, then the melt is poured into a preheating runner, the temperature of a sand mold is raised for preheating, the rest molten steel is smelted to 1520 ℃, when the temperature of the sand mold reaches the highest temperature, the rest molten steel is completely poured into the ladle and is cast into the sand mold at a constant speed, and the insert casting compounding step is completed; as shown in fig. 3.
And waiting for the next day, completely cooling the sand mold, opening the mold to take the parts, performing cutting processing, and preparing the whole part.
The molten steel is high manganese molten steel.
Wherein the volume of all the rod-shaped composite materials is 9420mm2(ii) a The volume of the cavity of the sand mold is 15 times of the volume of all the rod-shaped composite materials.
When a preheating pouring channel is cast by molten steel, the width of the preheating pouring channel is 10 mm; when the cavity is cast, the temperature of the molten steel is 1520 ℃. The diameter of the upper end of the riser is 1.5 times of the diameter of the pouring gate.
Example 4
The embodiment provides a ceramic particle multi-scale reinforced metal matrix composite wear-resistant rake tooth head which is composed of a metal matrix 1 and a rod-shaped composite material 2 in fig. 1 and 2, wherein a plurality of rod-shaped composite materials are uniformly distributed in the metal matrix. The diameter of the rod-shaped composite material is 6mm, and the lengths of the three layers of rod-shaped composite materials from outside to inside are respectively 10mm, 30mm and 50 mm. The rake teeth head is conical.
The metal matrix is made of a combination of high-chromium cast iron and carbon steel.
The preparation method of the ceramic particle multi-scale reinforced metal matrix composite wear-resistant rake tooth head in the embodiment comprises the following steps:
step (1), uniformly mixing 60-100-mesh ceramic particles, 100-mesh alloy powder and a plasticizer, filling the mixture into a hollow column mold, and pressing the mixture for 60min under the pressure of 500MPa of a 45t hydraulic press to obtain a powder rod; the mixing is carried out in a nodular graphite machine for 120 min; the pressing time is 45 min.
Step (2), putting the powder rod obtained by compression molding in the step (1) into a vacuum tube furnace, degreasing for 2 hours at 110 ℃, heating to 1120 ℃ in stages after complete degreasing, and sintering for 3.5 hours in a heat preservation manner to obtain a rod-shaped composite material;
the ceramic particles are ZrO2And SiC (mass ratio 1: 1);
the alloy powder is a mixture of ferrochrome powder and ferromanganese powder (the mass ratio is 1: 1);
the mass ratio of the ceramic particles to the alloy powder is 1: 10; the mass content of the plasticizer is 1.5 percent of the total mass of the ceramic particles and the alloy powder;
the plasticizer is a mixture of phthalate and paraffin (the mass ratio is 1: 1).
The temperature-raising program for raising the temperature in stages comprises the following steps: 110 ℃ and 600 ℃ at the temperature of 6 ℃ per minute; 600 ℃ and 800 ℃ per minute, 4 ℃ per minute, 800 ℃ and 1120 ℃ per minute, 2 ℃.
Step (3), a tooth tip-shaped wood mold is used for making a conical groove in the middle of the lower sandbox cavity, and according to the distribution design of the tooth tip rod-shaped composite material, the rod-shaped composite material prepared by sintering is polished, uniformly inserted into the middle of a sand mold base and fixed in a sand mold;
step (4), electromagnetic smelting and casting are adopted, molten steel with double cavity volumes is electromagnetically smelted, when the temperature reaches 1400 ℃, 15% of molten steel melt in volume is poured into a ladle, then the molten steel melt is poured into a preheating runner, a sand mold is heated and preheated, the rest molten steel is smelted to 1650 ℃, when the temperature of the sand mold reaches the maximum temperature, the rest molten steel is completely poured into the ladle and is cast into the sand mold at a constant speed, and the insert casting compounding step is completed; as shown in fig. 3.
And waiting for the next day, completely cooling the sand mold, opening the mold to take the parts, performing cutting processing, and preparing the whole part.
The molten steel is a combination of high-chromium cast iron liquid and carbon molten steel (the mass ratio is 1: 2).
Wherein the volume of the cavity of the sand mold is 20 times of the volume of all the rod-shaped composite materials.
When a preheating pouring channel is cast by molten steel, the width of the preheating pouring channel is 30 mm; when the cavity is cast, the temperature of the molten steel is 1650 ℃. The diameter of the upper end of the riser is 2.5 times of the diameter of the pouring channel.
Example 5
This example provides Al2O3The high manganese steel ceramic particle multi-scale reinforced metal matrix composite wear-resistant rake tooth head is composed of a metal matrix 1 and a rod-shaped composite material 2 in the figures 1 and 2, and a plurality of rod-shaped composite materials are uniformly distributed in the metal matrix. The diameter of the rod-shaped composite material is 4mm, and the lengths of the three layers of rod-shaped composite materials from outside to inside are respectively 16mm, 32mm and 48 mm.
The metal matrix is made of a combination of high manganese steel, high chromium cast iron and carbon steel (the mass ratio is 1: 2: 1).
The preparation method of the ceramic particle multi-scale reinforced metal matrix composite wear-resistant rake tooth head in the embodiment comprises the following steps:
step (1), uniformly mixing 50-70-mesh ceramic particles, alloy powder and a plasticizer, filling the mixture into a hollow column mold, and pressing the mixture for 40min under the pressure of 400MPa of a 45t hydraulic press to obtain a powder rod; the mixing is carried out in a nodular graphite machine, and the mixing time is 80 min; the pressing time is 30 min.
Step (2), placing the powder rod obtained by compression molding in the step (1) in a vacuum tube furnace, degreasing for 2 hours at 110 ℃, heating to 1130 ℃ in stages after complete degreasing, and sintering for 2.0-3.5 hours in a heat preservation manner to obtain a rod-shaped composite material;
the ceramic particles are WC, TiC and Al2O3The mixture of (1: 2) and (2: 1: 1);
the alloy powder is a mixture of ferrochrome powder, iron powder and ferromanganese powder (the mass ratio is 1: 2: 1);
the mass ratio of the ceramic particles to the alloy powder is 1: 6; the mass content of the plasticizer is 1.8 percent of the total mass of the ceramic particles and the alloy powder;
the plasticizer is a mixture of phthalate and paraffin (the mass ratio is 1: 2).
The temperature-raising program for raising the temperature in stages comprises the following steps: 110 ℃ and 600 ℃ at the temperature of 6 ℃ per minute; 600 ℃ and 800 ℃ per minute, 4 ℃ per minute, 800 ℃ and 1130 ℃ per minute, 2 ℃.
Step (3), a tooth tip-shaped wood mold is used for making a conical groove in the middle of the lower sandbox cavity, and according to the distribution design of the tooth tip rod-shaped composite material, the rod-shaped composite material prepared by sintering is polished, uniformly inserted into the middle of a sand mold base and fixed in a sand mold;
step (4), electromagnetic smelting and casting are adopted, molten steel with double cavity volumes is electromagnetically smelted, 1/5 parts of melt is poured into a casting ladle when the temperature reaches 1400 ℃, then the molten steel is poured into a preheating runner, the temperature of a sand mold is raised and preheated, the rest molten steel is smelted to 1550 ℃, when the temperature of the sand mold reaches the maximum temperature, the rest molten steel is completely poured into the casting ladle and is cast into the sand mold at a constant speed, and the insert casting compounding step is completed; as shown in fig. 3.
And waiting for the next day, completely cooling the sand mold, opening the mold to take the parts, performing cutting processing, and preparing the whole part.
The molten steel is a combination of high-manganese molten steel, high-chromium cast iron liquid and carbon molten steel (the mass ratio is 1: 2: 1).
Wherein the volume of the cavity of the sand mold is 15 times of the volume of all the rod-shaped composite materials.
When a preheating pouring channel is cast by molten steel, the width of the preheating pouring channel is 20 mm; when the die cavity is cast, the temperature of the molten steel is 1550 ℃. The diameter of the upper end of the riser is 2 times of that of the pouring gate.
Comparative example 1
Comparative example 1 differs from example 3 in that: the heat preservation sintering is 1.5 h. The rake teeth head is conical.
The method comprises the following specific steps:
the embodiment provides a TiC-high manganese steel ceramic particle multi-scale reinforced metal-based composite wear-resistant rake tooth head, which is composed of a metal matrix 1 and a rod-shaped composite material 2 in the figures 1 and 2, wherein a plurality of rod-shaped composite materials are uniformly distributed in the metal matrix. The diameter of the rod-shaped composite material is 5mm, and the lengths of the three layers of rod-shaped composite materials from outside to inside are 15mm, 30mm and 45mm respectively. The rake teeth head is conical.
The metal matrix is made of high manganese steel.
The preparation method of the TiC-high manganese steel ceramic particle multi-scale reinforced metal matrix composite wear-resistant rake tooth head comprises the following steps:
step (1), uniformly mixing 40-60-mesh ceramic particles, 200-mesh alloy powder and a plasticizer, filling the mixture into a hollow column mold, and pressing the mixture for 30min under the pressure of 500MPa of a 45t hydraulic press to obtain a powder rod; the mixing is carried out in a nodular graphite machine for 60 min; the pressing time is 30 min.
Step (2), placing the powder rod obtained by compression molding in the step (1) in a vacuum tube furnace, degreasing for 2 hours at 110 ℃, raising the temperature to 1150 ℃ in stages after complete degreasing, and sintering for 1.5 hours in a heat preservation manner to obtain a rod-shaped composite material;
the ceramic particles are TiC;
the alloy powder is manganese iron powder;
the mass ratio of the ceramic particles to the alloy powder is 3: 5; the mass content of the plasticizer is 2% of the total mass of the ceramic particles and the alloy powder;
the plasticizer is phthalate.
The temperature-raising program for raising the temperature in stages comprises the following steps: 110 ℃ and 600 ℃ at the temperature of 6 ℃ per minute; 600 ℃ and 800 ℃ per minute, 4 ℃ per minute, 800 ℃ and 1150 ℃ per minute, 2 ℃.
Step (3), a tooth tip-shaped wood mold is used for making a conical groove in the middle of the lower sandbox cavity, and according to the distribution design of the tooth tip rod-shaped composite material, the rod-shaped composite material prepared by sintering is polished, uniformly inserted into the middle of a sand mold base and fixed in a sand mold;
step (4), electromagnetic smelting is adopted for casting, 1/6 parts of melt is poured into a ladle when the temperature reaches 1400 ℃, then the melt is poured into a preheating runner, the temperature of a sand mold is raised for preheating, the rest molten steel is smelted to 1520 ℃, when the temperature of the sand mold reaches the highest temperature, the rest molten steel is completely poured into the ladle and is cast into the sand mold at a constant speed, and the insert casting compounding step is completed; as shown in fig. 3.
And waiting for the next day, completely cooling the sand mold, opening the mold to take the parts, performing cutting processing, and preparing the whole part.
The molten steel is high manganese molten steel.
Wherein the volume of all the rod-shaped composite materials is 9420mm2(ii) a The volume of the cavity of the sand mold is 15 times of the volume of all the rod-shaped composite materials.
When a preheating pouring channel is cast by molten steel, the width of the preheating pouring channel is 10 mm; when the cavity is cast, the temperature of the molten steel is 1520 ℃. The diameter of the upper end of the riser is 1.5 times of the diameter of the pouring gate.
Comparative example 2
Comparative example 2 differs from example 3 in that: the volume of the cavity of the sand mold is 5 times of the volume of all the rod-shaped composite materials.
The method comprises the following specific steps:
the embodiment provides a TiC-high manganese steel ceramic particle multi-scale reinforced metal-based composite wear-resistant rake tooth head, which is composed of a metal matrix 1 and a rod-shaped composite material 2 in the figures 1 and 2, wherein a plurality of rod-shaped composite materials are uniformly distributed in the metal matrix. The diameter of the rod-shaped composite material is 5mm, and the lengths of the three layers of rod-shaped composite materials from outside to inside are 15mm, 30mm and 45mm respectively. The rake teeth head is conical.
The metal matrix is made of high manganese steel.
The preparation method of the TiC-high manganese steel ceramic particle multi-scale reinforced metal matrix composite wear-resistant rake tooth head comprises the following steps:
step (1), uniformly mixing 40-60-mesh ceramic particles, 200-mesh alloy powder and a plasticizer, filling the mixture into a hollow column mold, and pressing the mixture for 30min under the pressure of 500MPa of a 45t hydraulic press to obtain a powder rod; the mixing is carried out in a nodular graphite machine for 60 min; the pressing time is 30 min.
Step (2), placing the powder rod obtained by compression molding in the step (1) in a vacuum tube furnace, degreasing for 2 hours at 110 ℃, raising the temperature to 1150 ℃ in stages after complete degreasing, and sintering for 3.5 hours in a heat preservation manner to obtain a rod-shaped composite material;
the ceramic particles are TiC;
the alloy powder is manganese iron powder;
the mass ratio of the ceramic particles to the alloy powder is 3: 5; the mass content of the plasticizer is 2% of the total mass of the ceramic particles and the alloy powder;
the plasticizer is phthalate.
The temperature-raising program for raising the temperature in stages comprises the following steps: 110 ℃ and 600 ℃ at the temperature of 6 ℃ per minute; 600 ℃ and 800 ℃ per minute, 4 ℃ per minute, 800 ℃ and 1150 ℃ per minute, 2 ℃.
Step (3), a tooth tip-shaped wood mold is used for making a conical groove in the middle of the lower sandbox cavity, and according to the distribution design of the tooth tip rod-shaped composite material, the rod-shaped composite material prepared by sintering is polished, uniformly inserted into the middle of a sand mold base and fixed in a sand mold;
step (4), electromagnetic smelting is adopted for casting, 1/6 parts of melt is poured into a ladle when the temperature reaches 1400 ℃, then the melt is poured into a preheating runner, the temperature of a sand mold is raised for preheating, the rest molten steel is smelted to 1520 ℃, when the temperature of the sand mold reaches the highest temperature, the rest molten steel is completely poured into the ladle and is cast into the sand mold at a constant speed, and the insert casting compounding step is completed; as shown in fig. 3.
And waiting for the next day, completely cooling the sand mold, opening the mold to take the parts, performing cutting processing, and preparing the whole part.
The molten steel is high manganese molten steel.
Wherein the volume of all the rod-shaped composite materials is 9420mm2(ii) a The volume of the cavity of the sand mold is 5 times of the volume of all the rod-shaped composite materials.
When a preheating pouring channel is cast by molten steel, the width of the preheating pouring channel is 10 mm; when the cavity is cast, the temperature of the molten steel is 1520 ℃. The diameter of the upper end of the riser is 1.5 times of the diameter of the pouring gate.
Comparative example 3
Comparative example 1 differs from example 3 in that: when the die cavity is cast, the temperature of the molten steel is 1460 ℃.
The method comprises the following specific steps:
the embodiment provides a TiC-high manganese steel ceramic particle multi-scale reinforced metal-based composite wear-resistant rake tooth head, which is composed of a metal matrix 1 and a rod-shaped composite material 2 in the figures 1 and 2, wherein a plurality of rod-shaped composite materials are uniformly distributed in the metal matrix. The diameter of the rod-shaped composite material is 5mm, and the lengths of the three layers of rod-shaped composite materials from outside to inside are 15mm, 30mm and 45mm respectively. The rake teeth head is conical.
The metal matrix is made of high manganese steel.
The preparation method of the TiC-high manganese steel ceramic particle multi-scale reinforced metal matrix composite wear-resistant rake tooth head comprises the following steps:
step (1), uniformly mixing 40-60-mesh ceramic particles, 200-mesh alloy powder and a plasticizer, filling the mixture into a hollow column mold, and pressing the mixture for 30min under the pressure of 500MPa of a 45t hydraulic press to obtain a powder rod; the mixing is carried out in a nodular graphite machine for 60 min; the pressing time is 30 min.
Step (2), placing the powder rod obtained by compression molding in the step (1) in a vacuum tube furnace, degreasing for 2 hours at 110 ℃, raising the temperature to 1150 ℃ in stages after complete degreasing, and sintering for 3.5 hours in a heat preservation manner to obtain a rod-shaped composite material;
the ceramic particles are TiC;
the alloy powder is manganese iron powder;
the mass ratio of the ceramic particles to the alloy powder is 3: 5; the mass content of the plasticizer is 2% of the total mass of the ceramic particles and the alloy powder;
the plasticizer is phthalate.
The temperature-raising program for raising the temperature in stages comprises the following steps: 110 ℃ and 600 ℃ at the temperature of 6 ℃ per minute; 600 ℃ and 800 ℃ per minute, 4 ℃ per minute, 800 ℃ and 1150 ℃ per minute, 2 ℃.
Step (3), a tooth tip-shaped wood mold is used for making a conical groove in the middle of the lower sandbox cavity, and according to the distribution design of the tooth tip rod-shaped composite material, the rod-shaped composite material prepared by sintering is polished, uniformly inserted into the middle of a sand mold base and fixed in a sand mold;
step (4), electromagnetic smelting and casting are adopted, high manganese molten steel with double cavity volume is electromagnetically smelted, 1/6 parts of melt is poured into a ladle when the temperature reaches 1400 ℃, then the melt is poured into a preheating runner, a sand mold is heated and preheated, the rest molten steel is smelted to 1460 ℃, when the temperature of the sand mold reaches the maximum temperature, the rest molten steel is completely poured into the ladle and is cast into the sand mold at a constant speed, and the insert casting compounding step is completed; as shown in fig. 3.
And waiting for the next day, completely cooling the sand mold, opening the mold to take the parts, performing cutting processing, and preparing the whole part.
The molten steel is high manganese molten steel.
Wherein the volume of all the rod-shaped composite materials is 9420mm2(ii) a The volume of the cavity of the sand mold is 15 times of the volume of all the rod-shaped composite materials.
When a preheating pouring channel is cast by molten steel, the width of the preheating pouring channel is 10 mm; when the die cavity is cast, the temperature of the molten steel is 1460 ℃. The diameter of the upper end of the riser is 1.5 times of the diameter of the pouring gate.
Comparative example 4
Comparative example 4 differs from example 3 in that: instead of staged temperature rise, the temperature is directly raised in a manner of 4 ℃ per minute.
The method comprises the following specific steps:
the embodiment provides a TiC-high manganese steel ceramic particle multi-scale reinforced metal-based composite wear-resistant rake tooth head, which is composed of a metal matrix 1 and a rod-shaped composite material 2 in the figures 1 and 2, wherein a plurality of rod-shaped composite materials are uniformly distributed in the metal matrix. The diameter of the rod-shaped composite material is 5mm, and the lengths of the three layers of rod-shaped composite materials from outside to inside are 15mm, 30mm and 45mm respectively. The rake teeth head is conical.
The metal matrix is made of high manganese steel.
The preparation method of the TiC-high manganese steel ceramic particle multi-scale reinforced metal matrix composite wear-resistant rake tooth head comprises the following steps:
step (1), uniformly mixing 40-60-mesh ceramic particles, 200-mesh alloy powder and a plasticizer, filling the mixture into a hollow column mold, and pressing the mixture for 30min under the pressure of 500MPa of a 45t hydraulic press to obtain a powder rod; the mixing is carried out in a nodular graphite machine for 60 min; the pressing time is 30 min.
Step (2), placing the powder rod obtained by compression molding in the step (1) in a vacuum tube furnace, degreasing for 2 hours at 110 ℃, raising the temperature to 1150 ℃ in stages after complete degreasing, and sintering for 3.5 hours in a heat preservation manner to obtain a rod-shaped composite material;
the ceramic particles are TiC;
the alloy powder is manganese iron powder;
the mass ratio of the ceramic particles to the alloy powder is 3: 5; the mass content of the plasticizer is 2% of the total mass of the ceramic particles and the alloy powder;
the plasticizer is phthalate.
Step (3), a tooth tip-shaped wood mold is used for making a conical groove in the middle of the lower sandbox cavity, and according to the distribution design of the tooth tip rod-shaped composite material, the rod-shaped composite material prepared by sintering is polished, uniformly inserted into the middle of a sand mold base and fixed in a sand mold;
step (4), electromagnetic smelting is adopted for casting, 1/6 parts of melt is poured into a ladle when the temperature reaches 1400 ℃, then the melt is poured into a preheating runner, the temperature of a sand mold is raised for preheating, the rest molten steel is smelted to 1520 ℃, when the temperature of the sand mold reaches the highest temperature, the rest molten steel is completely poured into the ladle and is cast into the sand mold at a constant speed, and the insert casting compounding step is completed; as shown in fig. 3.
And waiting for the next day, completely cooling the sand mold, opening the mold to take the parts, performing cutting processing, and preparing the whole part.
The molten steel is high manganese molten steel.
Wherein the volume of all the rod-shaped composite materials is 9420mm2(ii) a The volume of the cavity of the sand mold is 15 times of the volume of all the rod-shaped composite materials.
When a preheating pouring channel is cast by molten steel, the width of the preheating pouring channel is 10 mm; when the cavity is cast, the temperature of the molten steel is 1520 ℃. The diameter of the upper end of the riser is 1.5 times of the diameter of the pouring gate.
Comparative example 5
Comparative example 5 differs from example 3 in that: the mass content of the plasticizer is 3% of the total mass of the ceramic particles and the alloy powder.
The method comprises the following specific steps:
the embodiment provides a TiC-high manganese steel ceramic particle multi-scale reinforced metal-based composite wear-resistant rake tooth head, which is composed of a metal matrix 1 and a rod-shaped composite material 2 in the figures 1 and 2, wherein a plurality of rod-shaped composite materials are uniformly distributed in the metal matrix. The diameter of the rod-shaped composite material is 5mm, and the lengths of the three layers of rod-shaped composite materials from outside to inside are 15mm, 30mm and 45mm respectively. The rake teeth head is conical.
The metal matrix is made of high manganese steel.
The preparation method of the TiC-high manganese steel ceramic particle multi-scale reinforced metal matrix composite wear-resistant rake tooth head comprises the following steps:
step (1), uniformly mixing 40-60-mesh ceramic particles, 200-mesh alloy powder and a plasticizer, filling the mixture into a hollow column mold, and pressing the mixture for 30min under the pressure of 500MPa of a 45t hydraulic press to obtain a powder rod; the mixing is carried out in a nodular graphite machine for 60 min; the pressing time is 30 min.
Step (2), placing the powder rod obtained by compression molding in the step (1) in a vacuum tube furnace, degreasing for 2 hours at 110 ℃, raising the temperature to 1150 ℃ in stages after complete degreasing, and sintering for 3.5 hours in a heat preservation manner to obtain a rod-shaped composite material;
the ceramic particles are TiC;
the alloy powder is manganese iron powder;
the mass ratio of the ceramic particles to the alloy powder is 3: 5; the mass content of the plasticizer is 3% of the total mass of the ceramic particles and the alloy powder;
the plasticizer is phthalate.
The temperature-raising program for raising the temperature in stages comprises the following steps: 110 ℃ and 600 ℃ at the temperature of 6 ℃ per minute; 600 ℃ and 800 ℃ per minute, 4 ℃ per minute, 800 ℃ and 1150 ℃ per minute, 2 ℃.
Step (3), a tooth tip-shaped wood mold is used for making a conical groove in the middle of the lower sandbox cavity, and according to the distribution design of the tooth tip rod-shaped composite material, the rod-shaped composite material prepared by sintering is polished, uniformly inserted into the middle of a sand mold base and fixed in a sand mold;
step (4), electromagnetic smelting is adopted for casting, 1/6 parts of melt is poured into a ladle when the temperature reaches 1400 ℃, then the melt is poured into a preheating runner, the temperature of a sand mold is raised for preheating, the rest molten steel is smelted to 1520 ℃, when the temperature of the sand mold reaches the highest temperature, the rest molten steel is completely poured into the ladle and is cast into the sand mold at a constant speed, and the insert casting compounding step is completed; as shown in fig. 3.
And waiting for the next day, completely cooling the sand mold, opening the mold to take the parts, performing cutting processing, and preparing the whole part.
The molten steel is high manganese molten steel.
Wherein the volume of all the rod-shaped composite materials is 9420mm2(ii) a The volume of the cavity of the sand mold is 15 times of the volume of all the rod-shaped composite materials.
When a preheating pouring channel is cast by molten steel, the width of the preheating pouring channel is 10 mm; when the cavity is cast, the temperature of the molten steel is 1520 ℃. The diameter of the upper end of the riser is 1.5 times of the diameter of the pouring gate.
Performance detection
The products of examples 1 to 5 of the present invention and the products of comparative examples 1 to 3 were subjected to performance tests, and the test results are shown in table 1.
TABLE 1
From the performance test data of examples 1-5, it can be seen that the ceramic particle multi-scale reinforced metal matrix composite wear-resistant rake tooth tip of the present invention has good impact toughness, high cycle fatigue and wear resistance, and since the hardness of the hard particles added is good and the hardness of the rake tooth tip with different particles is not very different, and it is seen from table 1 that the comparative examples are inferior to the examples in effect, and example 3 of the present invention is the most preferred example.
The foregoing shows and describes the general principles, essential features, and advantages of the invention. It will be understood by those skilled in the art that the present invention is not limited to the embodiments described above, which are described in the specification and illustrated only to illustrate the principle of the present invention, but that various changes and modifications may be made therein without departing from the spirit and scope of the present invention, which fall within the scope of the invention as claimed. The scope of the invention is defined by the appended claims and equivalents thereof.
Claims (9)
1. A ceramic particle multi-scale reinforced metal matrix composite wear-resistant rake tooth head is characterized by comprising a metal matrix and a rod-shaped composite material, wherein a plurality of rod-shaped composite materials which are uniformly distributed are wrapped in the metal matrix;
the metal matrix is made of one or a combination of two of high manganese steel, high chromium cast iron and carbon steel;
the preparation method of the rod-shaped composite material comprises the following steps:
step (1), uniformly mixing ceramic particles, alloy powder and a plasticizer, filling the mixture into a hollow column mold, and pressing the mixture under the pressure of 300-500 MPa for 15-60 min to obtain a powder rod;
step (2), placing the powder rod obtained by compression molding in the step (1) in a vacuum tube furnace, degreasing at 110 ℃, heating to 1110-1150 ℃ in stages after complete degreasing, and sintering for 2.0-3.5 hours in a heat preservation manner to obtain a rod-shaped composite material;
the ceramic particles are WC, TiC and Al2O3、ZrO2And one or more of SiC in any proportion to obtain a mixture;
the alloy powder is one or a mixture of chromium iron powder, iron powder and manganese iron powder;
the mass ratio of the ceramic particles to the alloy powder is 1: 1-10; the mass content of the plasticizer is 1-2% of the total mass of the ceramic particles and the alloy powder;
the temperature-raising program for raising the temperature in stages comprises the following steps: 110 ℃ and 600 ℃ at the temperature of 6 ℃ per minute; 600-;
the plasticizer is one or the combination of two of phthalate and paraffin;
the mixing is carried out in a nodular graphite machine for 30-120 min.
2. The ceramic particle multi-scale reinforced metal matrix composite wear resistant rake tooth head of claim 1, wherein the degreasing time is 2 h.
3. The ceramic particle multi-scale reinforced metal matrix composite wear-resistant rake tooth head as claimed in claim 1, wherein the ceramic particles have a particle size of
To achieve the purpose.
4. The ceramic particle multi-scale reinforced metal matrix composite wear-resistant rake tooth head as claimed in claim 1, wherein the rod-shaped composite material has a diameter of 2-6 mm and a length of 10-50 mm; the rod-shaped composite material is arranged in a conical shape, and the tooth head of the rake tooth is in a conical shape.
5. The ceramic particle multi-scale reinforced metal matrix composite wear resistant rake tooth head of claim 1, wherein the pressing time is 30 min.
6. The method for preparing the ceramic particle multi-scale reinforced metal matrix composite wear-resistant rake tooth head as claimed in any one of claims 1 to 5, is characterized by comprising the following steps:
step a, polishing a formed rod-shaped composite material prepared by sintering, uniformly inserting the rod-shaped composite material into the middle of a sand mold base and fixing the rod-shaped composite material in a sand mold;
step b, electromagnetic smelting casting is adopted, a preheating pouring channel is cast by using molten steel, the temperature of a sand mold is raised and preheated, and a casting cavity is cast when the temperature of the sand mold reaches the highest temperature, so that the insert casting compounding step is completed;
the molten steel is one or the combination of high manganese molten steel, high chromium cast iron liquid and carbon molten steel.
7. The preparation method of the ceramic particle multi-scale reinforced metal matrix composite wear-resistant rake tooth head as claimed in claim 6, wherein the volume of a cavity of the sand mold is 9-20 times of the volume of all rod-shaped composite materials.
8. The preparation method of the ceramic particle multi-scale reinforced metal matrix composite wear-resistant rake tooth head as claimed in claim 6, wherein when a preheating runner is cast by molten steel, the width of the preheating runner is 10-30 mm; when a cavity is cast; and when the die cavity is cast, the temperature of the molten steel ranges from 1470 ℃ to 1650 ℃.
9. The method for preparing the ceramic particle multi-scale reinforced metal matrix composite wear-resistant rake tooth head as claimed in claim 6, wherein the diameter of the upper end of a riser is 1.5-2.5 times of the diameter of a pouring gate.
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