CN108380737B - Dynamic point heating progressive forming device and forming method - Google Patents
Dynamic point heating progressive forming device and forming method Download PDFInfo
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- CN108380737B CN108380737B CN201810191171.5A CN201810191171A CN108380737B CN 108380737 B CN108380737 B CN 108380737B CN 201810191171 A CN201810191171 A CN 201810191171A CN 108380737 B CN108380737 B CN 108380737B
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- 238000010438 heat treatment Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 125
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 43
- 230000000750 progressive effect Effects 0.000 title claims description 11
- 239000002245 particle Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 41
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 31
- 230000032683 aging Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 12
- 239000007769 metal material Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 9
- 238000005728 strengthening Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 9
- 230000035882 stress Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 9
- 238000010791 quenching Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 6
- 230000000171 quenching effect Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 6
- 238000007789 sealing Methods 0.000 claims description 13
- 239000011521 glass Substances 0.000 claims description 12
- 239000006104 solid solution Substances 0.000 claims description 10
- 229910052751 metal Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 6
- 239000002184 metal Substances 0.000 claims description 6
- 238000001953 recrystallisation Methods 0.000 claims description 6
- 239000000243 solution Substances 0.000 claims description 6
- 238000010894 electron beam technology Methods 0.000 claims description 4
- 238000005520 cutting process Methods 0.000 claims description 3
- 230000003116 impacting effect Effects 0.000 claims description 3
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 abstract description 6
- 238000005516 engineering process Methods 0.000 abstract description 2
- 238000004134 energy conservation Methods 0.000 abstract 1
- 230000007613 environmental effect Effects 0.000 abstract 1
- 238000010586 diagram Methods 0.000 description 3
- 230000005855 radiation Effects 0.000 description 2
- 229910000838 Al alloy Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910000861 Mg alloy Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910001069 Ti alloy Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 238000004364 calculation method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000007423 decrease Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000005485 electric heating Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000007689 inspection Methods 0.000 description 1
Classifications
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B21—MECHANICAL METAL-WORKING WITHOUT ESSENTIALLY REMOVING MATERIAL; PUNCHING METAL
- B21D—WORKING OR PROCESSING OF SHEET METAL OR METAL TUBES, RODS OR PROFILES WITHOUT ESSENTIALLY REMOVING MATERIAL; PUNCHING METAL
- B21D31/00—Other methods for working sheet metal, metal tubes, metal profiles
- B21D31/005—Incremental shaping or bending, e.g. stepwise moving a shaping tool along the surface of the workpiece
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B21—MECHANICAL METAL-WORKING WITHOUT ESSENTIALLY REMOVING MATERIAL; PUNCHING METAL
- B21D—WORKING OR PROCESSING OF SHEET METAL OR METAL TUBES, RODS OR PROFILES WITHOUT ESSENTIALLY REMOVING MATERIAL; PUNCHING METAL
- B21D31/00—Other methods for working sheet metal, metal tubes, metal profiles
- B21D31/06—Deforming sheet metal, tubes or profiles by sequential impacts, e.g. hammering, beating, peen forming
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B21—MECHANICAL METAL-WORKING WITHOUT ESSENTIALLY REMOVING MATERIAL; PUNCHING METAL
- B21D—WORKING OR PROCESSING OF SHEET METAL OR METAL TUBES, RODS OR PROFILES WITHOUT ESSENTIALLY REMOVING MATERIAL; PUNCHING METAL
- B21D37/00—Tools as parts of machines covered by this subclass
- B21D37/16—Heating or cooling
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C21—METALLURGY OF IRON
- C21D—MODIFYING THE PHYSICAL STRUCTURE OF FERROUS METALS; GENERAL DEVICES FOR HEAT TREATMENT OF FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS METALS OR ALLOYS; MAKING METAL MALLEABLE, e.g. BY DECARBURISATION OR TEMPERING
- C21D1/00—General methods or devices for heat treatment, e.g. annealing, hardening, quenching or tempering
- C21D1/78—Combined heat-treatments not provided for above
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- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
- Thermal Sciences (AREA)
- Crystallography & Structural Chemistry (AREA)
- Materials Engineering (AREA)
- Metallurgy (AREA)
- Organic Chemistry (AREA)
- Shaping Metal By Deep-Drawing, Or The Like (AREA)
- Forging (AREA)
Abstract
The invention discloses a dynamic point heating incremental forming device and a forming method, and relates to the technical field of metal material hot processing manufacturing equipment and technology. The dynamic point heating incremental forming apparatus includes: the system comprises a motion system, a heating system, a loading system, a sealed vacuum system and a control system; the heating system is used for emitting high-energy particles so as to heat the workpiece; the loading system is used for providing loading force required by workpiece forming; the dynamic point heating incremental forming method comprises the steps of preparing a workpiece, clamping the workpiece, programming, dynamic point heating incremental forming, solution treatment, phase-change-free quenching, taking out the workpiece, aging strengthening and checking. The invention has excellent technological performance, can realize the accurate forming of difficult-to-process materials and workpieces with complex shapes, and has the advantages of high efficiency, flexibility, energy conservation, environmental protection, low labor intensity of workers, high strength of formed workpieces, small residual stress, small rebound deformation and good technological stability.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of metal material hot working manufacturing equipment and technology, in particular to a dynamic point heating incremental forming device and a forming method.
Background
The progressive forming machine is advanced numerical control die-less forming equipment and has the advantages of high automation degree, good forming performance and the like. However, the conventional progressive forming machine does not have a heating function, and the required forming force is relatively large. In addition, forming parts with complex shapes or difficult to machine materials at normal temperature can easily cause workpiece breakage or wrinkling, and present serious challenges to the traditional progressive forming machine, and the hot working progressive forming machine is generated. The existing hot working incremental forming machine comprises two types of oil bath type integral indirect heating and self-resistance electric heating. The former is complex in structure, and the integral heating easily causes the mechanical property of the material to be reduced due to longer progressive forming time; the latter uses the material self-resistance to heat, has strict requirements on the appearance of the workpiece, and the sharp corner area on the workpiece can be melted due to overlarge local current, so that the application range of the equipment is affected.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to provide a dynamic point heating incremental forming device and a forming method, which are used for solving the problems in the prior art and realizing the accurate forming of difficult-to-process materials and workpieces with complex shapes.
In order to achieve the above object, the present invention provides the following solutions:
the invention provides a dynamic point heating incremental forming device, comprising:
a movement system for providing relative movement between the heating system, the loading system and the workpiece (9);
a heating system for emitting energetic particles to heat the workpiece (9);
the loading system is used for providing loading force required by forming the workpiece (9), impacting the surface of the workpiece (9) and realizing local deformation of materials;
-a sealed vacuum system for providing the workpiece (9) with a vacuum environment or an inert atmosphere environment required for heating up the progressive forming; and
The control system is used for controlling the heating system, the relative motion between the loading system and the workpiece (9), the starting and stopping of the heating system, the power magnitude, the feeding amount and loading force magnitude of the loading system and the starting and stopping of the sealing vacuum system.
Preferably, the motion system comprises: the gantry comprises a gantry base (2), wherein a first linear sliding guide rail (4) is arranged in the gantry base (2) along a Y axis, a first sliding block (3) is connected to the first linear sliding guide rail (4) in a sliding manner, the first sliding block (3) is driven by a first servo motor to slide back and forth on the first linear sliding guide rail (4), and a gantry upright post (21) is fixedly connected to the first sliding block (3);
The second linear sliding guide rail (13) is fixedly connected to the gantry upright post (21), the second linear sliding guide rail (13) is arranged along the X axis, a second sliding block (16) is connected to the second linear sliding guide rail (13) in a sliding manner, and the second sliding block (16) is driven by a second servo motor to slide back and forth on the second linear sliding guide rail (13);
The third linear sliding guide rail (17) is fixedly connected to the second sliding block (16), the third linear sliding guide rail (17) is arranged along the Z axis, a third sliding block (15) is connected to the third linear sliding guide rail (17) in a sliding manner, the third sliding block (15) is driven by a third servo motor to slide back and forth on the third linear sliding guide rail (17), and the third sliding block (15) is fixedly connected with the loading-heating device box (14); and
The vertical support (23) is provided with a U-shaped rocker arm platform (24) which is driven by an X-axis rotation driving system and can rotate around the X-axis, the U-shaped rocker arm platform (24) is provided with a rotary workbench (20) which is driven by a Z-axis rotation driving system and can rotate around the Z-axis, and the rotary workbench (20) is provided with a clamp (8) for installing a workpiece.
Preferably, the heating system comprises a high-energy particle generator (18) and a high-energy particle emission tube (19), the high-energy particle generator (18) being mounted within the load-heating device box (14), the high-energy particle emission tube (19) being mounted on the high-energy particle generator (18).
Preferably, the loading system comprises a loading tool (10) and a linear servo electric cylinder (11), wherein the linear servo electric cylinder (11) is installed in the loading-heating device box (14), the loading tool (10) is installed on an output shaft of the linear servo electric cylinder (11), and the linear servo electric cylinder (11) drives the loading tool (10) to reciprocate in the Z-axis direction.
Preferably, the sealed vacuum system comprises a bottom plate (1), a sealed bin (12), a glass movable door (22) and a vacuum pump (29), wherein the sealed bin (12) is arranged on the bottom plate (1), the glass movable door (22) is arranged on the sealed bin (12), the bottom plate (1), the sealed bin (12) and the glass movable door (22) form a closed space, and the vacuum pump (29) is connected with the sealed bin (12) through a pipeline and is communicated with the closed space;
The gantry base (2) and the vertical support (23) are fixedly connected to the bottom plate (1).
Preferably, the X-axis rotation driving system comprises a fourth servo motor (26), a first reduction pinion (27) and a first reduction large gear (25), wherein the fourth servo motor (26) is installed on the vertical support (23), the first reduction pinion (27) is fixedly connected to an output shaft of the fourth servo motor (26), the first reduction pinion (27) is meshed with the first reduction large gear (25), and the first reduction large gear (25) is connected with the long end of the U-shaped rocker arm platform (24);
The Z-axis rotation driving system comprises a fifth servo motor (5), a second reduction pinion (6) and a second reduction gear (7), wherein the fifth servo motor (5) is installed in the rotary workbench (20), the second reduction pinion (6) is fixedly connected to an output shaft of the fifth servo motor (5), the second reduction pinion (6) is meshed with the second reduction gear (7), the second reduction gear (7) is freely sleeved on a shaft (28), the shaft (28) is fixedly connected to the U-shaped rocker arm platform (24), and the second reduction gear (7) is fixedly connected with the rotary workbench (20) in a coaxial mode.
Preferably, the high-energy particle generator (18) is a laser generator or an electron beam generator, and the intersection point of the axis of the high-energy particle emitting tube (19) and the axis of the loading tool (10) is the point where the workpiece is to be formed.
The invention also provides a forming method of the dynamic point heating incremental forming device, which comprises the following steps:
Step one: preparing a workpiece: designing an initial blank shape and size of the workpiece (9) according to the appearance characteristics of a target product, and cutting the forged and rolled metal sheet into the workpiece (9) according to the shape and size requirements;
step two: clamping a workpiece: according to the appearance characteristics of the workpiece (9), designing a clamp (8) with reasonable structure, and installing the clamp (8) on the motion system, so that the sealed vacuum system provides a vacuum environment or an inert atmosphere environment required by heating incremental forming for the workpiece (9);
Step three: programming: automated operation is achieved by programming the following actions on a software platform of the control system: the starting, stopping and power of the heating system, the feeding amount and the loading force of the loading system, the starting, stopping and feeding amount of the motion system and the starting, stopping and the sealing vacuum system;
Step four: dynamic spot heating incremental forming: the method comprises the steps of enabling a heating system to emit high-energy particles, enabling an effective forming area of a workpiece (9) to be heated to be close to a recrystallization temperature by utilizing the high-energy particles, enabling metal materials of the effective forming area on the workpiece (9) to be plastic, then enabling the heating system to be closed, enabling a loading system to move above a point to be formed of the workpiece (9), enabling the loading system to impact and load the heated effective forming area on the workpiece (9) by the control system, enabling the workpiece (9) to be subjected to local superplastic forming, enabling the heating system and the loading system to be lifted away from the surface of the workpiece (9) by the control system, and enabling the heating system and the loading system to move a horizontal feeding distance to be above a next point to be formed of the workpiece (9) along an X axis or a Y axis;
Step five: repeating the fourth step, and continuing to heat and load the whole workpiece (9) at local points by using the heating system and the loading system according to a planned path until the workpiece (9) is completely formed;
step six: solution treatment: heating the workpiece (9) in a heat treatment device above the recrystallization temperature to dissolve the second phase completely or to a maximum extent into solid solution;
step seven: phase-change-free quenching: maintaining the inherent state of the metal material at a high temperature to normal temperature, so that the second phase is not precipitated from the solid solution, and a supersaturated solid solution is formed;
Step eight: -removing the workpiece (9);
Step nine: aging strengthening: carrying out aging heat treatment on the formed workpiece (9), eliminating residual stress, accelerating stress relaxation and creep processes, reducing the influence of rebound on the forming precision of the workpiece, and improving the mechanical properties of materials;
step ten: and (3) checking: the forming quality and material properties of the workpiece (9) are checked.
Preferably, the dynamic point heating incremental forming method is used for forming a metal workpiece with aging strengthening and superplastic forming characteristics.
Preferably, when the loading head of the loading system has a hemispherical structure with a radius R, the horizontal feeding distance of the X-axis or the Y-axis is less than or equal to
Compared with the prior art, the invention has the following technical effects:
The dynamic point heating incremental forming device adopts a motion system to provide relative motion between a heating system, a loading system and a workpiece, adopts the heating system to emit high-energy particles to heat the workpiece, can effectively avoid the decline of mechanical properties of the material caused by overlong heating time, adopts the loading system to provide loading force required by workpiece forming to impact the surface of the workpiece, realizes the local deformation of the material, can machine and form workpieces with different structural shapes, realizes the accurate forming of difficult-to-machine materials and workpieces with complex shapes, is specially used for manufacturing multiple varieties and small-batch products, performs point heating and incremental forming in a sealed vacuum environment, has the advantages of no pollution, no radiation, low power consumption, no harm to staff and the like, adopts numerical control programming to control the heating process and the loading process, and has high forming efficiency and low labor intensity of workers.
The dynamic point heating incremental forming method comprises the steps of preparing a workpiece, clamping the workpiece, programming, dynamic point heating incremental forming, solid solution treatment, phase-change-free quenching, taking out the workpiece, aging strengthening and checking, and the temperature of a material deformation area is precisely controlled by utilizing high-energy particles, so that the material mechanical property is effectively prevented from being reduced due to overlong heating time, the precise forming of difficult-to-process materials and workpieces with complex shapes can be realized, the workpiece strength is high after heat treatment, the residual stress is small, the rebound deformation is small, and the process stability is good.
The plastic forming device combines the material softening and layering manufacturing concepts, maximally realizes uniform flow of the material in the forming process, ensures consistent thinning rate of the material, and has excellent technological performance.
Drawings
In order to more clearly illustrate the embodiments of the present invention or the technical solutions in the prior art, the drawings that are needed in the embodiments will be briefly described below, and it is obvious that the drawings in the following description are only some embodiments of the present invention, and other drawings may be obtained according to these drawings without inventive effort for a person skilled in the art.
FIG. 1 is a schematic diagram of a dynamic point heating incremental forming apparatus according to embodiment 1 of the present invention;
FIG. 2 is a dynamic point heating incremental forming process roadmap of example 2 of the invention;
FIG. 3 is a route diagram of a dynamic point heating incremental forming method heating process and loading process according to embodiment 2 of the present invention;
Fig. 4 is a schematic diagram of a feeding process of a dynamic point heating incremental forming apparatus according to embodiment 3 of the present invention.
Fig. 5 is a schematic view of a horizontal feeding path of a heating system and loading system of a dynamic point heating incremental forming apparatus according to embodiment 3 of the present invention.
In the figure: 1-bottom plate, 2-gantry base, 3-first slider, 4-first linear slide rail, 5-fifth servo motor, 6-second reduction pinion, 7-second reduction gear, 8-jig, 9-workpiece, 10-loading tool, 11-linear servo electric cylinder, 12-sealed bin, 13-second linear slide rail, 14-loading-heating device box, 15-third slider, 16-second slider, 17-third linear slide rail, 18-high energy particle generator, 19-high energy particle emitting tube, 20-rotary table, 21-gantry column, 22-glass movable door, 23-vertical bracket, 24-U-shaped rocker arm platform, 25-first reduction gear, 26-fourth servo motor, 27-first reduction pinion, 28-shaft, 29-vacuum pump
Detailed Description
The following description of the embodiments of the present invention will be made clearly and completely with reference to the accompanying drawings, in which it is apparent that the embodiments described are only some embodiments of the present invention, but not all embodiments. All other embodiments, which can be made by those skilled in the art based on the embodiments of the invention without making any inventive effort, are intended to be within the scope of the invention.
The invention aims to provide a dynamic point heating incremental forming device and a forming method, which are used for solving the problems in the prior art and realizing the accurate forming of difficult-to-process materials and workpieces with complex shapes.
In order that the above-recited objects, features and advantages of the present invention will become more readily apparent, a more particular description of the invention will be rendered by reference to the appended drawings and appended detailed description.
Example 1
The present embodiment provides a dynamic point heating incremental forming apparatus, as shown in fig. 1, comprising a motion system for providing relative motion between a heating system, a loading system and a workpiece 9; a heating system for emitting energetic particles to heat the workpiece 9; the loading system is used for providing loading force required by forming the workpiece 9, impacting the surface of the workpiece 9 and realizing local deformation of materials; a sealed vacuum system for providing the workpiece 9 with a vacuum environment or inert atmosphere environment required for heated incremental forming; the control system is used for controlling the heating system, the relative motion between the loading system and the workpiece 9, the starting and stopping of the heating system, the power level, the feeding amount and the loading force level of the loading system and the starting and stopping of the sealing vacuum system;
The dynamic point heating incremental forming device provides relative motion among a heating system, a loading system and a workpiece through a motion system, and the heating system emits high-energy particles to heat the workpiece, so that the material mechanical property is effectively prevented from being reduced due to overlong heating time, the loading system provides loading force required by workpiece forming, workpieces with different structural shapes can be formed by processing, accurate forming of difficult-to-process materials and workpieces with complex shapes is realized, the device is specially used for manufacturing various and small-batch products, point heating and incremental forming are performed in a sealed vacuum environment, and the device has the advantages of no pollution, no radiation, low power consumption, no harm to workers and the like.
Further, the motion system includes: the two gantry bases 2 are symmetrically arranged on the bottom plate 1 in a left-right symmetry manner, a first linear sliding guide rail 4 is arranged in each gantry base 2 along the Y axis, a first sliding block 3 is connected to each first linear sliding guide rail 4 in a sliding manner, the first sliding blocks 3 are driven by a first servo motor to slide back and forth on the first linear sliding guide rails 4, and a gantry upright 21 is fixedly connected to each first sliding block 3;
The other ends of the 2 gantry uprights 21 are respectively and fixedly connected with two ends of a second linear sliding guide rail 13, the second linear sliding guide rail 13 is arranged along the X axis, a second sliding block 16 is connected to the second linear sliding guide rail 13 in a sliding manner, and the second sliding block 16 is driven by a second servo motor to slide back and forth on the second linear sliding guide rail 13;
The bottom of the second slide block 16 is fixedly connected with the upper end of a third linear sliding guide rail 17, the third linear sliding guide rail 17 is arranged along the Z axis, a third slide block 15 is connected to the third linear sliding guide rail 17 in a sliding manner, the third slide block 15 is driven by a third servo motor to slide back and forth on the third linear sliding guide rail 17, and the third slide block 15 is fixedly connected with a loading-heating device box 14; the first sliding block 3, the second sliding block 16 and the third sliding block 15 respectively provide linear relative movement of the loading system, the heating system and the workpiece in the Y-axis, the X-axis and the Z-axis directions;
The number of the vertical supports 23 is 2, the vertical supports 23 are symmetrically fixed on the bottom plate 1 and are arranged on the inner sides of the 2 gantry bases 2, U-shaped rocker arm platforms 24 which are driven by an X-axis rotation driving system and can rotate around the X-axis are arranged on the vertical supports 23, two ends of each U-shaped rocker arm platform 24 are arranged in bearing holes of the 2 vertical supports 23, the long ends of each U-shaped rocker arm platform 24 extend out of the bearing holes of the corresponding vertical supports 23 and are fixedly connected with the X-axis rotation driving system, a rotary workbench 20 which is driven by a Z-axis rotation driving system and can rotate around the Z-axis is arranged on each U-shaped rocker arm platform 24, and a clamp 8 for installing workpieces is arranged on each rotary workbench 20;
The X-axis rotation driving system comprises a fourth servo motor 26, a first reduction pinion 27 and a first reduction gear 25, wherein the fourth servo motor 26 is arranged on the vertical support 23, the first reduction pinion 27 is fixedly connected to an output shaft of the fourth servo motor 26, the first reduction pinion 27 is meshed with the first reduction gear 25, the first reduction gear 25 is connected with the long end of the U-shaped rocker arm platform 24, the U-shaped rocker arm platform 24 is driven by the fourth servo motor 26 and is driven by the first reduction gear 25 through the first reduction pinion 27, and the U-shaped rocker arm platform 24 rotates around a bearing hole axis of the vertical support 23;
The Z-axis rotation driving system comprises a fifth servo motor 5, a second reduction pinion 6 and a second reduction gear 7, wherein the fifth servo motor 5 is installed in the rotary workbench 20, the second reduction pinion 6 is fixedly connected to an output shaft of the fifth servo motor 5, the second reduction pinion 6 is meshed with the second reduction gear 7, the second reduction gear 7 is freely sleeved on a shaft 28, the shaft 28 is fixedly connected to the U-shaped rocker arm platform 24, the second reduction gear 7 is fixedly connected with the rotary workbench 20 coaxially, and is driven by the fifth servo motor 5, and is driven by the second reduction pinion 6 and the second reduction gear 7 to rotate around the shaft 28;
the rotary workbench 20 is placed on the U-shaped rocker arm platform 24, the clamp 8 is installed on the rotary workbench 20, the workpiece 9 is installed on the clamp 8, the center line of the workpiece 9 and the axis of the bearing hole of the vertical support 23 are kept in a collinear state, the workpiece 9 is ensured to be in the same position as much as possible when the U-shaped rocker arm platform 24 rotates, and the relative position of the loading tool 10 and the workpiece 9 is prevented from being readjusted;
The U-shaped rocker arm platform 24 can rotate 360 degrees around the bearing hole axis of the vertical support 23, the rotary workbench 20 can rotate 360 degrees around the shaft 28, and when the U-shaped rocker arm platform 24 is horizontally placed, the upper surface of the workpiece 9 is formed; forming all sides of the workpiece 9 when the U-shaped rocker arm platform 24 rotates 90 degrees and the rotary table rotates 360 degrees, and forming all bottom surfaces of the workpiece 9 when the U-shaped rocker arm platform 24 rotates more than 90 degrees and the rotary table rotates 360 degrees;
The motion system adopts a 5-axis linkage design, and provides a loading system, a heating system and the relative motion of a workpiece by controlling the linear motion of the first sliding block 3 in the Y-axis direction, the linear motion of the second sliding block 16 in the X-axis direction, the linear motion of the third sliding block 15 in the Z-axis direction, the rotation of the U-shaped rocker arm platform 24 around the X-axis and the rotation of the rotary workbench 20 around the Z-axis.
Further, the heating system comprises a high-energy particle generator 18 and a high-energy particle emitting tube 19, wherein the high-energy particle generator 18 is installed in the loading-heating device box 14, the high-energy particle generator 18 is a laser generator or an electron beam generator and the like, the high-energy particle emitting tube 19 is installed on the high-energy particle generator 18, the high-energy particles are ejected through the high-energy particle emitting tube 19 to heat materials on the surface of a workpiece, and the intersection point of the axis of the high-energy particle emitting tube 19 and the axis of the loading tool 10 is the point to be formed of the workpiece 9, namely the stroke end position of the end part of the loading tool 10.
Further, the loading system comprises a loading tool 10 and a linear servo electric cylinder 11, wherein the linear servo electric cylinder 11 is arranged in a loading-heating device box 14, the loading tool 10 is arranged on an output shaft of the linear servo electric cylinder 11, the linear servo electric cylinder 11 drives the loading tool 10 to reciprocate in the Z-axis direction, and the loading force of the loading tool 10 in the progressive forming process can be adjusted by precisely controlling the stroke of the output shaft of the linear servo electric cylinder 11.
The loading system and the loading system are positioned on the same side of the surface to be formed of the workpiece, and the other side of the surface to be formed of the workpiece can be provided with a clamp supporting structure for supporting the workpiece and improving the forming precision of the final shape of the workpiece.
Further, the sealed vacuum system comprises a bottom plate 1, a sealed bin 12, a glass movable door 22 and a vacuum pump 29, wherein the sealed bin 12 is arranged on the bottom plate 1, the glass movable door 22 is arranged on the sealed bin 12, the bottom plate 1, the sealed bin 12 and the glass movable door 22 form a closed space, the vacuum pump 29 is connected with the sealed bin 12 through a pipeline and is communicated with the closed space, the movable door 22 is convenient for installing or dismantling the clamp 8 and the workpiece 9, the vacuum pump 29 is used for vacuumizing or filling inert atmosphere, the workpiece 9 is prevented from being oxidized in the heating forming process, and the gantry base 2 and the vertical support 23 are fixedly connected on the bottom plate 1.
Further, the control system is used for controlling the heating system, the relative motion between the loading system and the workpiece, the heating time and temperature, the starting and stopping of the heating system, the power level, the feeding amount and the loading force level of the loading system, the starting and stopping of the sealing vacuum system and the like.
Example 2
The present embodiment provides a dynamic point heating incremental forming method, as shown in fig. 2-3:
step one: preparing a workpiece: designing the initial blank shape and size of the workpiece 9 according to the appearance characteristics of the target product, and cutting the forged and rolled metal plate into the workpiece 9 according to the shape and size requirements;
Step two: clamping a workpiece: according to the appearance characteristics of the workpiece 9, designing a clamp 8 with a reasonable structure, installing the clamp 8 on a motion system, installing the workpiece 9 on the clamp 8, and enabling a sealed vacuum system to provide a vacuum environment or an inert atmosphere environment required by heating incremental forming for the workpiece 9;
step three: programming: automated operation is achieved by programming the following actions on a software platform of the control system: the starting and stopping of the heating system, the power, the feeding amount and the loading force of the loading system, the starting and stopping and feeding amount of the moving system, the starting and stopping of the sealing vacuum system and the like;
Step four: dynamic spot heating incremental forming: closing the glass movable door 22, and opening the vacuum pump 29 to enable the sealed cabin 12 to be in a vacuum environment; the first sliding block 3, the second sliding block 16, the third sliding block 15, the fourth servo motor 26 and the fifth servo motor 5 are controlled by the control system to enable the heating system and the loading system to move above a point to be formed of the workpiece 9, and the intersection point of the axis of the high-energy particle emitting tube 19 and the axis of the loading tool 10 is ensured to be the point to be formed of the workpiece 9; the control system controls the high-energy particle generator 18 to emit high-energy particles such as electron beams or laser, and the control system controls the first sliding block 3, the second sliding block 16, the third sliding block 15, the fourth servo motor 26 and the fifth servo motor 5 to enable the heating system to heat the effective forming area of the workpiece 9 to be near the recrystallization temperature, so that the plasticity of metal materials of the effective forming area on the workpiece 9 is improved, and then the high-energy particle generator 18 is turned off; the control system controls the first sliding block 3, the second sliding block 16, the third sliding block 15, the fourth servo motor 26 and the fifth servo motor 5 to enable the loading tool 10 to return to the position above the point to be formed of the workpiece 9, and controls the linear servo electric cylinder 11 to enable the loading tool 10 to perform impact loading on the point to be formed of the workpiece 9 once, so that local superplastic deformation occurs; the control system controls the heating system and the loading system to ascend away from the surface of the workpiece 9 and move a horizontal feeding distance to be above the next point to be formed of the workpiece 9 along the X axis or the Y axis, and ensures that the intersection point of the axis of the high-energy particle emitting tube 19 and the axis of the loading tool 10 is the next point to be formed of the workpiece 9;
step five: repeating the fourth step, heating and loading the whole workpiece 9 by using the heating system and the loading system according to the planned path until the workpiece 9 is completely formed, opening the glass movable door 22, and taking out the workpiece 9;
Step six: solution treatment: heating the workpiece 9 above the recrystallization temperature in a heat treatment apparatus to dissolve the second phase into solid solution in its entirety or to a maximum extent;
step seven: phase-change-free quenching: maintaining the inherent state of the metal material at a high temperature to normal temperature, so that the second phase is not precipitated from the solid solution, and a supersaturated solid solution is formed;
Step eight: taking out the workpiece 9;
Step nine: aging strengthening: carrying out aging heat treatment on the formed workpiece 9, eliminating residual stress, accelerating stress relaxation and creep processes, reducing the influence of rebound on the forming precision of the workpiece, and improving the mechanical properties of materials;
step ten: and (3) checking: the forming quality and material properties of the workpiece 9 are checked.
The dynamic point heating incremental forming method provided by the embodiment comprises the steps of preparing a workpiece, clamping the workpiece, programming, dynamic point heating incremental forming, solution treatment, phase-change-free quenching, taking out the workpiece, aging strengthening and inspection, and can effectively avoid the reduction of mechanical properties of the material caused by overlong heating time by precisely controlling the temperature of a material deformation region, realize the precise forming of the difficult-to-process material and the workpiece with a complex shape, and has the advantages of high strength of the workpiece after heat treatment, small residual stress, small rebound deformation, good process stability, and the dynamic point heating incremental forming method is used for forming the metal workpiece with aging strengthening and superplastic forming characteristics, such as titanium alloy, magnesium alloy or aluminum alloy. The heat treatment and the forming process are synchronously and orderly carried out, so that the shape/property cooperative manufacturing of the metal material is realized.
Example 3
The embodiment provides a method for determining a feeding distance of a heating system and a loading system of a dynamic point heating incremental forming device, as shown in fig. 4-5:
the feed motion of the heating system and the loading system is divided into a vertical feed motion of the Z-axis and a horizontal feed motion of the X-axis or the Y-axis. The vertical feeding motion of the Z axis provides loading force for deformation of the workpiece 9, the vertical feeding distance of the Z axis determines the deformation amount of the workpiece 9 under the single impact action of the loading tool 10, and the larger the vertical feeding distance of the Z axis is, the larger the loading force required to be provided by the loading tool 10 is, and the larger the power of the linear servo electric cylinder 11 is; the horizontal feed motion of the X-axis or Y-axis provides the force required for the heating system and the loading system to move relative to the workpiece 9, and the horizontal feed distance of the X-axis or Y-axis is related to the effective deformation area of the workpiece 9 under the single loading action of the loading tool 10, the larger the horizontal feed distance of the X-axis or Y-axis is, the higher the forming efficiency is, and the smaller the horizontal feed distance of the X-axis or Y-axis is, the better the forming quality is, so that the horizontal feed distance of the X-axis or Y-axis should be selected as a compromise optimal value under the condition of comprehensively considering the forming efficiency and the forming quality.
As shown in fig. 4-5, A, B, C, D are four adjacent points to be formed, i.e., the point at which the loading tool 10 impacts the loading, and are also the points at which the axis of the high-energy particle-emitting tube 19 intersects the axis of the loading tool 10. When the head of the loading tool 10 is of hemispherical configuration, the effective forming area is circular. Assuming that the radius of the effective forming area is R, four circles with A, B, C, D as circle centers are four adjacent effective forming areas, the radius R is related to factors such as the vertical feeding distance of the Z axis, the material property, the heating temperature, and the like, and even forming of each point on the surface of the workpiece 9 can be ensured only when the horizontal feeding distance of the X axis or the Y axis of the heating system and the loading system is smaller than or equal to AB, BC, CD, or AD. The upper limit of the X-axis or Y-axis horizontal feeding distance of the heating system and the loading system is
It should be noted that, the specific structural design of the head of the loading tool 10 in the present invention is not limited to the embodiment, as long as the loading of the surface to be processed of the workpiece can be achieved, and when the head of the loading tool 10 has other structures such as a conical shape or a square cone shape, the upper limit of the horizontal feeding distance of the X-axis or the Y-axis of the heating system and the loading system is similar to the calculation method.
The principles and embodiments of the present invention have been described in detail with reference to specific examples, which are provided to facilitate understanding of the method and core ideas of the present invention; also, it is within the scope of the present invention to be modified by those of ordinary skill in the art in light of the present teachings. In view of the foregoing, this description should not be construed as limiting the invention.
Claims (4)
1. A forming method using a dynamic point heating incremental forming apparatus, characterized by:
The dynamic point heating incremental forming apparatus includes:
a movement system for providing relative movement between the heating system, the loading system and the workpiece (9);
a heating system for emitting energetic particles to heat the workpiece (9);
the loading system is used for providing loading force required by forming the workpiece (9), impacting the surface of the workpiece (9) and realizing local deformation of materials;
-a sealed vacuum system for providing the workpiece (9) with a vacuum environment or an inert atmosphere environment required for heating up the progressive forming; the control system is used for controlling the heating system, the relative motion between the loading system and the workpiece (9), the starting and stopping of the heating system, the power magnitude, the feeding amount and loading force magnitude of the loading system and the starting and stopping of the sealing vacuum system;
The motion system includes:
the gantry comprises a gantry base (2), wherein a first linear sliding guide rail (4) is arranged in the gantry base (2) along a Y axis, a first sliding block (3) is connected to the first linear sliding guide rail (4) in a sliding manner, the first sliding block (3) is driven by a first servo motor to slide back and forth on the first linear sliding guide rail (4), and a gantry upright post (21) is fixedly connected to the first sliding block (3);
The second linear sliding guide rail (13) is fixedly connected to the gantry upright post (21), the second linear sliding guide rail (13) is arranged along the X axis, a second sliding block (16) is connected to the second linear sliding guide rail (13) in a sliding manner, and the second sliding block (16) is driven by a second servo motor to slide back and forth on the second linear sliding guide rail (13);
The third linear sliding guide rail (17) is fixedly connected to the second sliding block (16), the third linear sliding guide rail (17) is arranged along the Z axis, a third sliding block (15) is connected to the third linear sliding guide rail (17) in a sliding manner, the third sliding block (15) is driven by a third servo motor to slide back and forth on the third linear sliding guide rail (17), and the third sliding block (15) is fixedly connected with the loading-heating device box (14); the vertical support (23) is provided with a U-shaped rocker arm platform (24) which is driven by an X-axis rotation driving system and can rotate around the X-axis, the U-shaped rocker arm platform (24) is provided with a rotary workbench (20) which is driven by a Z-axis rotation driving system and can rotate around the Z-axis, and the rotary workbench (20) is provided with a clamp (8) for installing a workpiece;
The heating system comprises a high-energy particle generator (18) and a high-energy particle emission tube (19), wherein the high-energy particle generator (18) is arranged in the loading-heating device box (14), and the high-energy particle emission tube (19) is arranged on the high-energy particle generator (18);
The loading system comprises a loading tool (10) and a linear servo electric cylinder (11), the high-energy particle generator (18) is a laser generator or an electron beam generator, and the intersection point of the axis of the high-energy particle emission tube (19) and the axis of the loading tool (10) is a point to be formed of a workpiece;
The forming method comprises the following steps:
Step one: preparing a workpiece: designing an initial blank shape and size of the workpiece (9) according to the appearance characteristics of a target product, and cutting the forged and rolled metal sheet into the workpiece (9) according to the shape and size requirements;
step two: clamping a workpiece: according to the appearance characteristics of the workpiece (9), designing a clamp (8) with reasonable structure, and installing the clamp (8) on the motion system, so that the sealed vacuum system provides a vacuum environment or an inert atmosphere environment required by heating incremental forming for the workpiece (9);
Step three: programming: automated operation is achieved by programming the following actions on a software platform of the control system: the starting, stopping and power of the heating system, the feeding amount and the loading force of the loading system, the starting, stopping and feeding amount of the motion system and the starting, stopping and the sealing vacuum system;
Step four: dynamic spot heating incremental forming: the method comprises the steps of enabling a heating system to emit high-energy particles through the control system, heating an effective forming area of a workpiece (9) to be close to a recrystallization temperature through the high-energy particles, enabling metal materials of the effective forming area on the workpiece (9) to be plastic, then closing the heating system, enabling a loading system to move to a position above a point to be formed of the workpiece (9) through the control system, enabling the loading system to impact and load the heated effective forming area on the workpiece (9) through the control system, enabling the workpiece (9) to be subjected to local superplastic forming, enabling the heating system and the loading system to be lifted away from the surface of the workpiece (9) through the control system, and enabling the heating system and the loading system to move a horizontal feeding distance to a position above a next point to be formed of the workpiece (9) along an X axis or a Y axis;
Step five: repeating the fourth step, and continuing to heat and load the whole workpiece (9) at local points by using the heating system and the loading system according to a planned path until the workpiece (9) is completely formed;
step six: solution treatment: heating the workpiece (9) in a heat treatment device above the recrystallization temperature to dissolve the second phase completely or to a maximum extent into solid solution;
step seven: phase-change-free quenching: maintaining the inherent state of the metal material at a high temperature to normal temperature, so that the second phase is not precipitated from the solid solution, and a supersaturated solid solution is formed;
Step eight: -removing the workpiece (9);
Step nine: aging strengthening: carrying out aging heat treatment on the formed workpiece (9), eliminating residual stress, accelerating stress relaxation and creep processes, reducing the influence of rebound on the forming precision of the workpiece, and improving the mechanical properties of materials;
step ten: and (3) checking: checking the forming quality and material properties of the workpiece (9);
When the loading head of the loading system is of a hemispherical structure with a radius R, the horizontal feeding distance of the X axis or the Y axis is less than or equal to R；
The dynamic point heating progressive forming method is used for forming a metal workpiece with ageing strengthening and superplastic forming characteristics.
2. The forming method according to claim 1, characterized in that: the linear servo electric cylinder (11) is arranged in the loading-heating device box (14), the loading tool (10) is arranged on an output shaft of the linear servo electric cylinder (11), and the linear servo electric cylinder (11) drives the loading tool (10) to reciprocate in the Z-axis direction.
3. The forming method according to claim 1, characterized in that: the sealing vacuum system comprises a bottom plate (1), a sealing bin (12), a glass movable door (22) and a vacuum pump (29), wherein the sealing bin (12) is arranged on the bottom plate (1), the glass movable door (22) is arranged on the sealing bin (12), the bottom plate (1), the sealing bin (12) and the glass movable door (22) form a closed space, and the vacuum pump (29) is connected with the sealing bin (12) through a pipeline and is communicated with the closed space; the gantry base (2) and the vertical support (23) are fixedly connected to the bottom plate (1).
4. The forming method according to claim 1, characterized in that: the X-axis rotation driving system comprises a fourth servo motor (26), a first reduction pinion (27) and a first reduction gear (25), wherein the fourth servo motor (26) is installed on the vertical support (23), the first reduction pinion (27) is fixedly connected to an output shaft of the fourth servo motor (26), the first reduction pinion (27) is meshed with the first reduction gear (25), and the first reduction gear (25) is connected with the long end of the U-shaped rocker arm platform (24);
The Z-axis rotation driving system comprises a fifth servo motor (5), a second reduction pinion (6) and a second reduction gear (7), wherein the fifth servo motor (5) is installed in the rotary workbench (20), the second reduction pinion (6) is fixedly connected to an output shaft of the fifth servo motor (5), the second reduction pinion (6) is meshed with the second reduction gear (7), the second reduction gear (7) is freely sleeved on a shaft (28), the shaft (28) is fixedly connected to the U-shaped rocker arm platform (24), and the second reduction gear (7) is fixedly connected with the rotary workbench (20) in a coaxial mode.
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| CN110552003B (en) * | 2019-09-12 | 2021-03-26 | 燕山大学 | High-performance metal part inert atmosphere continuous point type forging laser rapid forming equipment |
| CN110802218B (en) * | 2019-10-21 | 2021-02-09 | 苏州科技大学 | Rapid creep aging forming method for large-curvature corrugated plate |
| CN115598174B (en) * | 2022-12-12 | 2023-03-14 | 常州京洋半导体材料科技有限公司 | Carbon fiber heat preservation felt check out test set |
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