CN110802218B - Rapid creep aging forming method for large-curvature corrugated plate - Google Patents
Rapid creep aging forming method for large-curvature corrugated plate Download PDFInfo
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- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 49
- 230000032683 aging Effects 0.000 title claims abstract description 17
- 238000005452 bending Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 32
- 230000001360 synchronised effect Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 16
- 230000002146 bilateral effect Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 9
- 229910000838 Al alloy Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 6
- 238000010791 quenching Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 5
- 230000000171 quenching effect Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 5
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 5
- 239000006104 solid solution Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 3
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 claims description 17
- 238000005422 blasting Methods 0.000 claims description 6
- 238000010521 absorption reaction Methods 0.000 claims description 4
- XUIMIQQOPSSXEZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Silicon Chemical compound [Si] XUIMIQQOPSSXEZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- 229910052782 aluminium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 2
- XAGFODPZIPBFFR-UHFFFAOYSA-N aluminium Chemical compound [Al] XAGFODPZIPBFFR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- 238000001816 cooling Methods 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000011888 foil Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000011521 glass Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000003921 oil Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000003973 paint Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000010453 quartz Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000010703 silicon Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- 229910052710 silicon Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 2
- VYPSYNLAJGMNEJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N silicon dioxide Inorganic materials O=[Si]=O VYPSYNLAJGMNEJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- 230000002787 reinforcement Effects 0.000 claims 1
- 238000005728 strengthening Methods 0.000 abstract description 17
- 238000005480 shot peening Methods 0.000 abstract description 15
- 230000007797 corrosion Effects 0.000 abstract description 9
- 238000005260 corrosion Methods 0.000 abstract description 9
- 230000035882 stress Effects 0.000 abstract description 7
- 238000001556 precipitation Methods 0.000 abstract description 6
- 239000006185 dispersion Substances 0.000 abstract description 2
- 238000010586 diagram Methods 0.000 description 9
- 229910045601 alloy Inorganic materials 0.000 description 7
- 239000000956 alloy Substances 0.000 description 7
- 230000000052 comparative effect Effects 0.000 description 6
- 229910001008 7075 aluminium alloy Inorganic materials 0.000 description 5
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 description 4
- 238000004321 preservation Methods 0.000 description 3
- 230000007547 defect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000005265 energy consumption Methods 0.000 description 2
- 229910052751 metal Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 239000002184 metal Substances 0.000 description 2
- 230000009286 beneficial effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000005489 elastic deformation Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000006056 electrooxidation reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000005516 engineering process Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000010438 heat treatment Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000007493 shaping process Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000000243 solution Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000010998 test method Methods 0.000 description 1
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B22—CASTING; POWDER METALLURGY
- B22D—CASTING OF METALS; CASTING OF OTHER SUBSTANCES BY THE SAME PROCESSES OR DEVICES
- B22D31/00—Cutting-off surplus material, e.g. gates; Cleaning and working on castings
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C21—METALLURGY OF IRON
- C21D—MODIFYING THE PHYSICAL STRUCTURE OF FERROUS METALS; GENERAL DEVICES FOR HEAT TREATMENT OF FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS METALS OR ALLOYS; MAKING METAL MALLEABLE, e.g. BY DECARBURISATION OR TEMPERING
- C21D9/00—Heat treatment, e.g. annealing, hardening, quenching or tempering, adapted for particular articles; Furnaces therefor
- C21D9/0081—Heat treatment, e.g. annealing, hardening, quenching or tempering, adapted for particular articles; Furnaces therefor for slabs; for billets
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
- C22F—CHANGING THE PHYSICAL STRUCTURE OF NON-FERROUS METALS AND NON-FERROUS ALLOYS
- C22F1/00—Changing the physical structure of non-ferrous metals or alloys by heat treatment or by hot or cold working
- C22F1/04—Changing the physical structure of non-ferrous metals or alloys by heat treatment or by hot or cold working of aluminium or alloys based thereon
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- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
- Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
- Thermal Sciences (AREA)
- Crystallography & Structural Chemistry (AREA)
- Materials Engineering (AREA)
- Metallurgy (AREA)
- Organic Chemistry (AREA)
- Bending Of Plates, Rods, And Pipes (AREA)
Abstract
The invention discloses a rapid creep aging forming method of a corrugated plate with large curvature, which is mainly used for increasing the creep aging forming curvature of the corrugated plate, improving the corrosion resistance and fatigue resistance of the corrugated plate and improving the creep aging efficiency of the corrugated plate. Firstly, carrying out solid solution on an aluminum alloy plate for 1-5 h at the temperature of 430-540 ℃, and quenching by inrush water; then, performing double-side synchronous laser shot peening strengthening treatment on the selected area of the plate; bending and forming the plate in a die; finally, creep age forming is carried out on the plate in an autoclave. According to the invention, through carrying out bilateral synchronous laser shot peening strengthening treatment on the aluminum alloy plate, uniform compressive stress is formed in the bilateral bending area of the plate, so that the generation of microcracks is avoided when the large-curvature corrugated plate is bent and formed, the dispersion precipitation efficiency of a strengthening phase is increased, the corrosion resistance and the fatigue resistance of the corrugated plate are enhanced, and the creep aging forming efficiency of the large-curvature corrugated plate is improved.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the technical field of advanced manufacturing, and particularly relates to a rapid creep age forming method of a large-curvature corrugated plate.
Background
The creep age forming technology is a process which combines age strengthening with creep forming and utilizes the high-temperature creep property of metal to form, and has the characteristics of simple process and excellent mechanical property of a formed piece. The typical age forming process is divided into three stages, (1) loading: at room temperature, the metal part is elastically deformed in a certain loading mode and is fixed on a tool with a certain profile. (2) Artificial aging: the parts and the tool are placed into a heating furnace together, heat preservation is carried out for a period of time in a specific high-temperature environment, the material is subjected to the effects of creep deformation, stress relaxation and aging mechanism in the process, and the internal structure and the performance of the material are changed. (3) Unloading: after the heat preservation is finished and the constraint of the tool is removed, part of elastic deformation applied to the part is converted into permanent plastic deformation under the action of creep deformation and stress relaxation, so that the part obtains the required shape while finishing aging strengthening.
The corrugated plate is formed by continuously bending a plate and has the characteristic of large specific surface area. The prior art increases the specific surface area of the corrugated plate by increasing the bending curvature of the corrugated plate. However, excessive bending curvature may deform the bent regions on both sides of the corrugated sheet beyond the strength limit of the material, causing cracks and thus causing unstable rupture. At present, creep aging forming of the large-curvature corrugated plate generally leads the plate to generate a large amount of plastic deformation in bending areas on two sides and then creep aging, but the creep aging causes a large amount of crack defects in the corrugated plate and reduces the corrosion resistance and the fatigue resistance of the large-curvature corrugated plate. In addition, in order to ensure the dispersion precipitation of the strengthening phase, the creep age forming process needs to be kept in a high-temperature environment for a long time, which results in low production efficiency of creep age forming.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to provide a rapid creep age forming method of a large-curvature corrugated plate, which is characterized in that the selective area of the plate is subjected to bilateral synchronous laser shot peening strengthening treatment to form uniform compressive stress in bending areas on two sides of the plate, so that the generation of microcracks during the bending forming of the large-curvature corrugated plate is inhibited, the precipitation rate of a strengthening phase is increased, the corrosion resistance and the fatigue resistance of the large-curvature corrugated plate are improved, and the creep age forming efficiency is improved.
In order to achieve the purpose, the invention adopts the following technical scheme:
a rapid creep aging forming method of a large-curvature corrugated plate comprises the following steps:
firstly, carrying out solid solution on a plate at the temperature of 430-540 ℃ for 1-5 hours, and quenching by using inrush water;
covering an energy absorption layer on a selected area of the plate, clamping the plate outside the selected area, and starting the laser shot blasting equipment to control the laser power density to be 0.1 GW/cm in the constraint mode2 - 5 GW/cm2The method comprises the steps of enabling the diameter of a light spot to be 1-20 mu m, enabling the lap joint rate to be 10% -50%, enabling laser energy to be 1-10J, enabling impact times to be 1-3 times, enabling a moving track to be a symmetrical formula, conducting bilateral synchronous laser shot peening strengthening on selected areas of the plate, enabling the width of the selected areas of the plate to be determined by using a formula w = K. rho. theta, wherein k is a selection area coefficient, the value range is 1-2, rho is the bending radius, theta is the radian, and the length of the selected areas of the plate is longThe degree is equal to the bend line length;
step three, bending and forming the plate in a mould, and then carrying out creep age forming in an autoclave;
and step four, cooling and taking the parts.
The plate material is an aging aluminum alloy of 2XXX series and 7XXX series.
The plate is a plate without a rib plate, and the thickness of the plate is 1-20 mm.
And the material of the energy absorption layer in the second step is one of black paint and aluminum foil.
And in the second step, one of water, organic glass, quartz and silicon oil is used as a constraint layer material to constrain the selected area of the plate.
The impact times are determined according to the following method:
the thickness t of the plate is more than 1 and less than or equal to 5mm, and the plate is impacted for 1 time;
the thickness t of the plate is more than 5mm and less than or equal to 10mm, and the plate is impacted for 2 times;
the thickness t of the plate is more than 10mm and less than or equal to 20mm, and the plate is impacted for 3 times.
The bending in step three is formed by continuous single-curvature bending of a plate or continuous multi-curvature bending of a plate.
And (3) when the plate is bent and formed in the third step, the tensile strain at the outermost side of the bent area of the plate is not less than the strength limit of the plate after quenching.
And the creep aging forming of the wallboard in the fourth step is to continuously keep the temperature for 6-15 h at the temperature of 100-220 ℃ and under the pressure of 100-500 MPa.
The invention has the beneficial effects that: 1. according to the method, the two-side synchronous laser shot blasting strengthening treatment is carried out on the selected areas of the plate, so that uniform compressive stress is formed in the selected areas of the plate, the strength limit of the bent areas at the two sides of the plate is improved, and the creep age forming of the corrugated plate with large curvature is particularly facilitated; 2. according to the method, the selective area of the plate is subjected to bilateral synchronous laser shot blasting strengthening treatment, so that strong compressive stress is formed in the bent areas on the two sides of the plate, the generation of microcracks is effectively inhibited, and the corrosion resistance and the fatigue resistance of the corrugated plate with large curvature are improved; 3. according to the method, the dislocation density and instability of the selected area are increased by performing bilateral synchronous laser shot peening strengthening treatment on the selected area of the plate, the precipitation kinetic energy of the strengthening phase in a high-temperature environment is improved, the precipitation time and temperature of the strengthening phase are favorably reduced, the production efficiency is improved, and the energy consumption is reduced; 4. according to the method, the two-side synchronous laser shot peening strengthening treatment is performed on the selected area of the plate, so that the formed compressive stress continuously exists in a high-temperature environment, the directional precipitation of strengthening opposite microcracks and other defects is facilitated, the closure of the microcracks is promoted, and the expansion of the microcracks is inhibited; 5. the method of the invention can not form impact traces in the selected areas of the plate, and improves the surface quality of the corrugated plate with large curvature.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a flow chart of the rapid creep age forming of the high curvature corrugated board of the present invention.
Fig. 2 is a schematic view of a corrugated plate with large curvature according to the present invention.
Fig. 3 is a schematic view of a selected area of a sheet material according to the present invention.
FIG. 4 is a schematic diagram of the moving track of the selective area of the plate material for performing the bilateral synchronous laser peening process according to the present invention.
FIG. 5 is a schematic diagram of the double-sided simultaneous laser peening and creep age forming of the corrugated plate with large curvature according to the present invention.
Detailed Description
In order to make the technical solutions of the present invention better understood, the following description of the present invention with reference to the accompanying drawings will be made for clarity and completeness of the present invention.
FIG. 1 is a flow chart of the rapid creep age forming of the high curvature corrugated board of the present invention.
Fig. 2 is a schematic view of a corrugated plate with large curvature according to the present invention, where ρ is a bending radius and θ is a radian.
Fig. 3 is a schematic diagram of selected areas of the plate according to the present invention, and the black areas are selected areas, wherein fig. 3a is a continuous single-curvature bending of the plate, and fig. 3b is a continuous multi-curvature bending of the plate.
Fig. 4 is a schematic diagram of a moving track of a selected area of a plate material subjected to bilateral synchronous laser shot peening strengthening treatment according to the present invention, wherein the moving track is symmetrical tracks, and the symmetrical tracks are specifically performed according to a track sequence, wherein fig. 4a is a sequence of selected area laser shot peening tracks of a single-curvature corrugated plate, and fig. 4b is a sequence of selected area laser shot peening tracks of a multi-curvature corrugated plate.
Fig. 5 is a schematic diagram of double-sided synchronous laser shot peening treatment and creep age forming of a corrugated plate with large curvature according to the present invention, wherein fig. 5a is a schematic diagram of double-sided synchronous laser shot peening treatment performed on a selected area of a plate, fig. 5b is a schematic diagram of a plate subjected to double-sided synchronous laser shot peening treatment, fig. 5c is a schematic diagram of a plate subjected to double-sided synchronous laser shot peening treatment placed on a forming mold, fig. 5d is a schematic diagram of a plate subjected to double-sided synchronous laser shot peening treatment and pressed against a mold surface by applying air pressure to the plate, and then a high temperature environment is provided for heat preservation, and fig. 5.
The invention relates to a rapid creep aging forming method of a large-curvature corrugated plate, which takes 7075 aluminum alloy with alloy components shown in Table 1 as an example and is explained in detail. The hardness in each of the examples and comparative examples was measured by the Vickers microhardness test method specified in GB/T4340.4-2009. The electrochemical corrosion performance was tested on an electrochemical workstation according to GB/T24196-2009.
Table 1 alloy composition (wt.%) of materials used in the present invention
Example 1
The material is 7075 aluminum alloy, the length of the plate is 2000mm, the width is 600mm, and the thickness is 5 mm. The plate is continuously bent along the length direction of the plate with single curvature, the bending radius is 200mm, and the bending angle is 30 degrees. The panel dimensions were calculated to be 120mm x 600 mm. Using laser power density of 1 GW/cm2The aluminum alloy plate was processed according to the selected area laser shot peening trajectory sequence of the single curvature corrugated plate shown in fig. 4a, with a spot diameter of 3 μm, a lap joint ratio of 40%, a laser energy of 2J, and an impact number of 1.
The panels were placed in a mould with a radius of 165mm, a forming pressure of 350MPa was applied in an autoclave and the temperature was maintained at 185 ℃ for 8 h. And unloading and taking the workpiece.
Comparative example 1
The material is 7075 aluminum alloy, the length of the plate is 2000mm, the width is 600mm, and the thickness is 5 mm. The plate is continuously bent along the length direction of the plate with single curvature, the bending radius is 200mm, and the bending angle is 30 degrees.
The panels were placed in a mold with a radius of 175mm, a forming pressure of 350MPa was applied in an autoclave, and then the temperature was held at 195 ℃ for 20 hours. And unloading and taking the workpiece.
Example 2
The material is 7075 aluminum alloy, the length of the plate is 2000mm, the width is 600mm, and the thickness is 7 mm. The multi-curvature continuous bending along the length direction of the plate is performed, the bending radius is 200mm, 300mm and 400mm, and the bending angle is 30 degrees. The calculated selected area of the wall plate is a trapezoid with 120mm of top edge, 220mm of bottom edge and 600mm of height. Using laser power density of 1 GW/cm2The aluminum alloy plate was processed according to the selected area laser shot blasting trajectory sequence of the multi-curvature corrugated plate shown in fig. 4b, with a spot diameter of 3 μm, a lap joint ratio of 40%, a laser energy of 2J, and a number of impacts of 2.
The wallboard was placed in a mould with a radius of 165mm, 265mm, 365mm, and a forming pressure of 350MPa was applied in an autoclave, and the temperature was maintained at 185 ℃ for 8 h. And unloading and taking the parts.
Comparative example 2
The material is 7075 aluminum alloy, the length of the plate is 2000mm, the width is 600mm, and the thickness is 7 mm. The multi-curvature continuous bending along the length direction of the plate is performed, the bending radius is 200mm, 300mm and 400mm, and the bending angle is 30 degrees.
The panels were placed in moulds with a radius of 175mm, 275mm, 375mm, and the shaping pressure was applied at 350MPa in an autoclave and the temperature was held at 195 ℃ for 20 h. And unloading and taking the parts.
TABLE 2 Forming time, Corrosion resistance and hardness of examples and comparative examples
The embodiment 1 and the comparative example 1 show that the maximum profile deviation, the forming time and the hardness of a forming area after the single-curvature corrugated plate is formed by using the method and the traditional method, and the forming deviation of the two methods is within +/-1 mm, so that the forming precision requirement is met, but the time for forming the single-curvature corrugated plate by using the method is obviously reduced compared with the traditional method, the hardness of the forming area is increased, and the corrosion resistance of the corrugated plate is obviously improved. The maximum profile deviation, the forming time and the hardness of the forming area of the multi-curvature corrugated plate formed by the method of the invention and the traditional method are shown in the example 2 and the comparative example 2, and the forming deviation of the two methods is within +/-1 mm, so that the forming precision requirement is met, but the time for forming the multi-curvature corrugated plate by the method of the invention is obviously reduced compared with the traditional method, the hardness of the forming area is increased, and the corrosion resistance of the corrugated plate is obviously improved. The data show that the forming method provided by the invention can greatly improve the production efficiency of the wallboard, reduce the energy consumption and improve the corrosion resistance and fatigue resistance of the large-curvature corrugated plate while ensuring the forming precision and realizing creep age forming of the large-curvature corrugated plate.
Claims (8)
1. A rapid creep age forming method of a large-curvature corrugated plate is characterized by comprising the following steps: the method comprises the following steps:
firstly, carrying out solid solution on a plate at the temperature of 430-540 ℃ for 1-5 hours, and quenching by using inrush water;
covering an energy absorption layer on a selected area of the plate, clamping the plate outside the selected area, and starting the laser shot blasting equipment to control the laser power density to be 0.1 GW/cm in the constraint mode2 - 5 GW/cm2The method comprises the following steps that the diameter of a light spot is 1-20 mu m, the lap joint rate is 10% -50%, the laser energy is 1-10J, the impact frequency is 1-3 times, the moving track is a symmetrical formula, bilateral synchronous laser shot blasting reinforcement is carried out on selected areas of the plate, the width of the selected areas of the plate is determined by using a formula w = K. rho. theta, wherein k is a selection area coefficient, the value range is 1-2, rho is the bending radius, theta is the radian, and the length of the selected areas of the plate is equal to the length of a bending line;
step three, bending and forming the plate in a mould, and then carrying out creep age forming in an autoclave;
and step four, cooling and taking the parts.
2. The method for rapid creep age forming of corrugated board according to claim 1, wherein the method comprises the following steps: the plate material is an aging aluminum alloy of 2XXX series and 7XXX series.
3. The method for rapid creep age forming of corrugated board according to claim 1, wherein the method comprises the following steps: the plate is a plate without a rib plate, and the thickness of the plate is 1-20 mm.
4. The method for rapid creep age forming of corrugated board according to claim 1, wherein the method comprises the following steps: and the material of the energy absorption layer in the second step is one of black paint and aluminum foil.
5. The method for rapid creep age forming of corrugated board according to claim 1, wherein the method comprises the following steps: and in the second step, one of water, organic glass, quartz and silicon oil is used as a constraint layer material to constrain the selected area of the plate.
6. The method for rapid creep age forming of corrugated board according to claim 1, wherein the method comprises the following steps: the impact times are determined according to the following method:
the thickness t of the plate is more than 1 and less than or equal to 5mm, and the plate is impacted for 1 time;
the thickness t of the plate is more than 5mm and less than or equal to 10mm, and the plate is impacted for 2 times;
the thickness t of the plate is more than 10mm and less than or equal to 20mm, and the plate is impacted for 3 times.
7. The method for rapid creep age forming of corrugated board according to claim 1, wherein the method comprises the following steps: the bending in step three is formed by continuous single-curvature bending of a plate or continuous multi-curvature bending of a plate.
8. The method for rapid creep age forming of corrugated board according to claim 1, wherein the method comprises the following steps: and (3) when the plate is bent and formed in the third step, the tensile strain at the outermost side of the bent area of the plate is not less than the strength limit of the plate after quenching.
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