CN108374940B - 管道联接件及联接方法 - Google Patents

管道联接件及联接方法 Download PDF

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Publication number
CN108374940B
CN108374940B CN201810090466.3A CN201810090466A CN108374940B CN 108374940 B CN108374940 B CN 108374940B CN 201810090466 A CN201810090466 A CN 201810090466A CN 108374940 B CN108374940 B CN 108374940B
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China
Prior art keywords
pipe
fitting
end portion
coupling
pipe coupling
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CN201810090466.3A
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CN108374940A (zh
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N.B.彼得斯
T.G.斯史密斯
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Georg Fischer Co ltd
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Georg Fischer Harvel LLC
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    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F16—ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
    • F16L—PIPES; JOINTS OR FITTINGS FOR PIPES; SUPPORTS FOR PIPES, CABLES OR PROTECTIVE TUBING; MEANS FOR THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
    • F16L21/00—Joints with sleeve or socket
    • F16L21/08—Joints with sleeve or socket with additional locking means
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F16—ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
    • F16L—PIPES; JOINTS OR FITTINGS FOR PIPES; SUPPORTS FOR PIPES, CABLES OR PROTECTIVE TUBING; MEANS FOR THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
    • F16L47/00—Connecting arrangements or other fittings specially adapted to be made of plastics or to be used with pipes made of plastics
    • F16L47/02—Welded joints; Adhesive joints
    • F16L47/03—Welded joints with an electrical resistance incorporated in the joint
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
    • B29C65/00—Joining or sealing of preformed parts, e.g. welding of plastics materials; Apparatus therefor
    • B29C65/02—Joining or sealing of preformed parts, e.g. welding of plastics materials; Apparatus therefor by heating, with or without pressure
    • B29C65/34—Joining or sealing of preformed parts, e.g. welding of plastics materials; Apparatus therefor by heating, with or without pressure using heated elements which remain in the joint, e.g. "verlorenes Schweisselement"
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
    • B29C65/00—Joining or sealing of preformed parts, e.g. welding of plastics materials; Apparatus therefor
    • B29C65/02—Joining or sealing of preformed parts, e.g. welding of plastics materials; Apparatus therefor by heating, with or without pressure
    • B29C65/34—Joining or sealing of preformed parts, e.g. welding of plastics materials; Apparatus therefor by heating, with or without pressure using heated elements which remain in the joint, e.g. "verlorenes Schweisselement"
    • B29C65/3404—Joining or sealing of preformed parts, e.g. welding of plastics materials; Apparatus therefor by heating, with or without pressure using heated elements which remain in the joint, e.g. "verlorenes Schweisselement" characterised by the type of heated elements which remain in the joint
    • B29C65/342—Joining or sealing of preformed parts, e.g. welding of plastics materials; Apparatus therefor by heating, with or without pressure using heated elements which remain in the joint, e.g. "verlorenes Schweisselement" characterised by the type of heated elements which remain in the joint comprising at least a single wire, e.g. in the form of a winding
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
    • B29C65/00—Joining or sealing of preformed parts, e.g. welding of plastics materials; Apparatus therefor
    • B29C65/48—Joining or sealing of preformed parts, e.g. welding of plastics materials; Apparatus therefor using adhesives, i.e. using supplementary joining material; solvent bonding
    • B29C65/50—Joining or sealing of preformed parts, e.g. welding of plastics materials; Apparatus therefor using adhesives, i.e. using supplementary joining material; solvent bonding using adhesive tape, e.g. thermoplastic tape; using threads or the like
    • B29C65/5057—Joining or sealing of preformed parts, e.g. welding of plastics materials; Apparatus therefor using adhesives, i.e. using supplementary joining material; solvent bonding using adhesive tape, e.g. thermoplastic tape; using threads or the like positioned between the surfaces to be joined
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
    • B29C65/00—Joining or sealing of preformed parts, e.g. welding of plastics materials; Apparatus therefor
    • B29C65/48—Joining or sealing of preformed parts, e.g. welding of plastics materials; Apparatus therefor using adhesives, i.e. using supplementary joining material; solvent bonding
    • B29C65/50—Joining or sealing of preformed parts, e.g. welding of plastics materials; Apparatus therefor using adhesives, i.e. using supplementary joining material; solvent bonding using adhesive tape, e.g. thermoplastic tape; using threads or the like
    • B29C65/5064—Joining or sealing of preformed parts, e.g. welding of plastics materials; Apparatus therefor using adhesives, i.e. using supplementary joining material; solvent bonding using adhesive tape, e.g. thermoplastic tape; using threads or the like of particular form, e.g. being C-shaped, T-shaped
    • B29C65/5071—Joining or sealing of preformed parts, e.g. welding of plastics materials; Apparatus therefor using adhesives, i.e. using supplementary joining material; solvent bonding using adhesive tape, e.g. thermoplastic tape; using threads or the like of particular form, e.g. being C-shaped, T-shaped and being composed by one single element
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
    • B29C65/00—Joining or sealing of preformed parts, e.g. welding of plastics materials; Apparatus therefor
    • B29C65/56—Joining or sealing of preformed parts, e.g. welding of plastics materials; Apparatus therefor using mechanical means or mechanical connections, e.g. form-fits
    • B29C65/58—Snap connection
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
    • B29C65/00—Joining or sealing of preformed parts, e.g. welding of plastics materials; Apparatus therefor
    • B29C65/78—Means for handling the parts to be joined, e.g. for making containers or hollow articles, e.g. means for handling sheets, plates, web-like materials, tubular articles, hollow articles or elements to be joined therewith; Means for discharging the joined articles from the joining apparatus
    • B29C65/7841—Holding or clamping means for handling purposes
    • B29C65/7844—Holding or clamping means for handling purposes cooperating with specially formed features of at least one of the parts to be joined, e.g. cooperating with holes or ribs of at least one of the parts to be joined
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
    • B29C65/00—Joining or sealing of preformed parts, e.g. welding of plastics materials; Apparatus therefor
    • B29C65/78—Means for handling the parts to be joined, e.g. for making containers or hollow articles, e.g. means for handling sheets, plates, web-like materials, tubular articles, hollow articles or elements to be joined therewith; Means for discharging the joined articles from the joining apparatus
    • B29C65/7855—Provisory fixing
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
    • B29C66/00—General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts
    • B29C66/01—General aspects dealing with the joint area or with the area to be joined
    • B29C66/05—Particular design of joint configurations
    • B29C66/10—Particular design of joint configurations particular design of the joint cross-sections
    • B29C66/11—Joint cross-sections comprising a single joint-segment, i.e. one of the parts to be joined comprising a single joint-segment in the joint cross-section
    • B29C66/112—Single lapped joints
    • B29C66/1122—Single lap to lap joints, i.e. overlap joints
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
    • B29C66/00—General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts
    • B29C66/01—General aspects dealing with the joint area or with the area to be joined
    • B29C66/05—Particular design of joint configurations
    • B29C66/10—Particular design of joint configurations particular design of the joint cross-sections
    • B29C66/12—Joint cross-sections combining only two joint-segments; Tongue and groove joints; Tenon and mortise joints; Stepped joint cross-sections
    • B29C66/122—Joint cross-sections combining only two joint-segments, i.e. one of the parts to be joined comprising only two joint-segments in the joint cross-section
    • B29C66/1222—Joint cross-sections combining only two joint-segments, i.e. one of the parts to be joined comprising only two joint-segments in the joint cross-section comprising at least a lapped joint-segment
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
    • B29C66/00—General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts
    • B29C66/01—General aspects dealing with the joint area or with the area to be joined
    • B29C66/05—Particular design of joint configurations
    • B29C66/10—Particular design of joint configurations particular design of the joint cross-sections
    • B29C66/12—Joint cross-sections combining only two joint-segments; Tongue and groove joints; Tenon and mortise joints; Stepped joint cross-sections
    • B29C66/122—Joint cross-sections combining only two joint-segments, i.e. one of the parts to be joined comprising only two joint-segments in the joint cross-section
    • B29C66/1224—Joint cross-sections combining only two joint-segments, i.e. one of the parts to be joined comprising only two joint-segments in the joint cross-section comprising at least a butt joint-segment
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
    • B29C66/00—General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts
    • B29C66/50—General aspects of joining tubular articles; General aspects of joining long products, i.e. bars or profiled elements; General aspects of joining single elements to tubular articles, hollow articles or bars; General aspects of joining several hollow-preforms to form hollow or tubular articles
    • B29C66/51—Joining tubular articles, profiled elements or bars; Joining single elements to tubular articles, hollow articles or bars; Joining several hollow-preforms to form hollow or tubular articles
    • B29C66/52—Joining tubular articles, bars or profiled elements
    • B29C66/522—Joining tubular articles
    • B29C66/5223—Joining tubular articles for forming corner connections or elbows, e.g. for making V-shaped pieces
    • B29C66/52231—Joining tubular articles for forming corner connections or elbows, e.g. for making V-shaped pieces with a right angle, e.g. for making L-shaped pieces
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
    • B29C66/00—General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts
    • B29C66/50—General aspects of joining tubular articles; General aspects of joining long products, i.e. bars or profiled elements; General aspects of joining single elements to tubular articles, hollow articles or bars; General aspects of joining several hollow-preforms to form hollow or tubular articles
    • B29C66/51—Joining tubular articles, profiled elements or bars; Joining single elements to tubular articles, hollow articles or bars; Joining several hollow-preforms to form hollow or tubular articles
    • B29C66/53—Joining single elements to tubular articles, hollow articles or bars
    • B29C66/534—Joining single elements to open ends of tubular or hollow articles or to the ends of bars
    • B29C66/5344—Joining single elements to open ends of tubular or hollow articles or to the ends of bars said single elements being substantially annular, i.e. of finite length, e.g. joining flanges to tube ends
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
    • B29C66/00—General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts
    • B29C66/80—General aspects of machine operations or constructions and parts thereof
    • B29C66/81—General aspects of the pressing elements, i.e. the elements applying pressure on the parts to be joined in the area to be joined, e.g. the welding jaws or clamps
    • B29C66/814—General aspects of the pressing elements, i.e. the elements applying pressure on the parts to be joined in the area to be joined, e.g. the welding jaws or clamps characterised by the design of the pressing elements, e.g. of the welding jaws or clamps
    • B29C66/8145—General aspects of the pressing elements, i.e. the elements applying pressure on the parts to be joined in the area to be joined, e.g. the welding jaws or clamps characterised by the design of the pressing elements, e.g. of the welding jaws or clamps characterised by the constructional aspects of the pressing elements, e.g. of the welding jaws or clamps
    • B29C66/81471—General aspects of the pressing elements, i.e. the elements applying pressure on the parts to be joined in the area to be joined, e.g. the welding jaws or clamps characterised by the design of the pressing elements, e.g. of the welding jaws or clamps characterised by the constructional aspects of the pressing elements, e.g. of the welding jaws or clamps being a wrap-around tape or band
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F16—ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
    • F16J—PISTONS; CYLINDERS; SEALINGS
    • F16J15/00—Sealings
    • F16J15/02—Sealings between relatively-stationary surfaces
    • F16J15/021—Sealings between relatively-stationary surfaces with elastic packing
    • F16J15/022—Sealings between relatively-stationary surfaces with elastic packing characterised by structure or material
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F16—ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
    • F16L—PIPES; JOINTS OR FITTINGS FOR PIPES; SUPPORTS FOR PIPES, CABLES OR PROTECTIVE TUBING; MEANS FOR THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
    • F16L21/00—Joints with sleeve or socket
    • F16L21/02—Joints with sleeve or socket with elastic sealing rings between pipe and sleeve or between pipe and socket, e.g. with rolling or other prefabricated profiled rings
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F16—ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
    • F16L—PIPES; JOINTS OR FITTINGS FOR PIPES; SUPPORTS FOR PIPES, CABLES OR PROTECTIVE TUBING; MEANS FOR THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
    • F16L37/00—Couplings of the quick-acting type
    • F16L37/08—Couplings of the quick-acting type in which the connection between abutting or axially overlapping ends is maintained by locking members
    • F16L37/084—Couplings of the quick-acting type in which the connection between abutting or axially overlapping ends is maintained by locking members combined with automatic locking
    • F16L37/098—Couplings of the quick-acting type in which the connection between abutting or axially overlapping ends is maintained by locking members combined with automatic locking by means of flexible hooks
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F16—ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
    • F16L—PIPES; JOINTS OR FITTINGS FOR PIPES; SUPPORTS FOR PIPES, CABLES OR PROTECTIVE TUBING; MEANS FOR THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
    • F16L47/00—Connecting arrangements or other fittings specially adapted to be made of plastics or to be used with pipes made of plastics
    • F16L47/06—Connecting arrangements or other fittings specially adapted to be made of plastics or to be used with pipes made of plastics with sleeve or socket formed by or in the pipe end
    • F16L47/12—Connecting arrangements or other fittings specially adapted to be made of plastics or to be used with pipes made of plastics with sleeve or socket formed by or in the pipe end with additional locking means
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
    • B29C66/00—General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts
    • B29C66/70—General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts characterised by the composition, physical properties or the structure of the material of the parts to be joined; Joining with non-plastics material
    • B29C66/71—General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts characterised by the composition, physical properties or the structure of the material of the parts to be joined; Joining with non-plastics material characterised by the composition of the plastics material of the parts to be joined
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F16—ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
    • F16L—PIPES; JOINTS OR FITTINGS FOR PIPES; SUPPORTS FOR PIPES, CABLES OR PROTECTIVE TUBING; MEANS FOR THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
    • F16L47/00—Connecting arrangements or other fittings specially adapted to be made of plastics or to be used with pipes made of plastics
    • F16L47/26—Connecting arrangements or other fittings specially adapted to be made of plastics or to be used with pipes made of plastics for branching pipes; for joining pipes to walls; Adaptors therefor
    • F16L47/32—Branch units, e.g. made in one piece, welded, riveted

Landscapes

  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Lining Or Joining Of Plastics Or The Like (AREA)
  • Branch Pipes, Bends, And The Like (AREA)
  • Non-Disconnectible Joints And Screw-Threaded Joints (AREA)
  • Paper (AREA)
  • Quick-Acting Or Multi-Walled Pipe Joints (AREA)
  • Joints Allowing Movement (AREA)

Abstract

本发明涉及管道联接件和联接方法，具体而言，一种管道联接件（30）包括：轴线（500）；围绕轴线的主体部分（70）；从主体部分的第一轴向端部延伸并且具有内径表面（80）和外径表面（82）的周向分段的套环（72）；以及多个指部（90），其从主体部分的第二轴向端部突出，与第一端部轴向地相对并且具有朝内的径向凸出部（96）。

Description

管道联接件及联接方法
相关申请的交叉引用
请求享有2017年1月30日提交且标题为“Pipe Coupler and Coupling Methods”的美国专利申请No. 62/452011的权益，其公开内容通过引用如同详细阐述的那样以其整体并入本文。
技术领域
本发明涉及管道连接。更具体地，本发明涉及通过电熔的管道连接。
背景技术
在聚合物管道系统中存在发展良好的领域。也许用于管道和管道配件的最著名的热塑性材料为聚氯乙烯（PVC）。PVC管道及配件典型地经由使用溶剂胶合剂互相连接以形成接头，其特征在于溶剂焊接/结合。其他可溶剂焊接的材料包括氯化聚氯乙烯（CPVC）以及丙烯腈丁二烯苯乙烯（ABS）。
溶剂焊接其他热塑性塑料（例如聚乙烯（PE，包括高密度聚乙烯（HDPE）以及低密度聚乙烯（LDPE））、聚丙烯（PP）、聚苯乙烯（PS）以及聚丁烯（PB））可能较不实际。经由电熔提供的热焊接是溶剂焊接的替代。英国专利申请GB2260381A和美国专利申请公布US2006/0016552A1公开了系统，其中电阻加热元件至少部分地嵌入配件中。可将管道插入配件中以便由加热元件环绕。
美国专利3506519公开了一种套环/配件组件，其包括塑料配件、电熔套环（即，包含加热元件）以及夹具。此外，这种套环可从美国阿肯色州Little Rock市和宾夕法尼亚州Easton市的Georg Fischer Harvel LLC得到（例如，在商标Fuseal II下）。一些Fuseal II套环包括包含加热元件的内壁以及用于接合夹具的径向间隔开的分段外壁。电熔套环插入配件插座中，且继而接收管道的端部（或阳性配件塞）。夹具围绕配件（或套环外壁）上紧来将配件和套环径向压缩至管道以确保没有空气进入焊接区域。
加热元件可由电功率源供能来将配件和管道充分地加热以将两者焊接在一起。示例性功率源在美国专利5911895中找到，并且可从美国阿肯色州Little Rock市和宾夕法尼亚州Easton市的Georg Fischer Harvel LLC得到（例如，作为电熔单元的MSA族）。
2015年1月8日公布且标题为“Electrofusion Fittings and Methods”的美国专利申请公布US2015/008662A1（“‘662公布”）公开了Fuseal II配件的改进，其公开内容通过引用如同详细阐述的那样以其整体并入本文。这可从美国阿肯色州Little Rock市和宾夕法尼亚州Easton市的Georg Fischer Harvel LLC得到（例如，在商标Fuseal下）。
发明内容
本公开的一个方面涉及管道联接件，其包括：轴线；围绕轴线的本体部分；从主体部分的第一轴向端部延伸并且具有内径表面和外径表面的周向分段的套环；以及多个指部，其从主体部分的第二轴向端部突出，与第一端部轴向地相对并且具有朝内的径向凸出部。
在前述实施例中任一项的一个或多个实施例中，内径表面具有表面增强部。
在前述实施例中任一项的一个或多个实施例中，表面增强部包括周向脊。
在前述实施例中任一项的一个或多个实施例中，管道联接件是整体的单件塑料模制件。
在前述实施例中任一项的一个或多个实施例中，塑料是玻璃填充的。
在前述实施例中任一项的一个或多个实施例中，塑料是聚苯硫醚。
在前述实施例中任一项的一个或多个实施例中，主体部分为完整的环。
在前述实施例中任一项的一个或多个实施例中，朝内的径向凸出部径向朝内且轴向向后朝主体部分延伸。
在前述实施例中任一项的一个或多个实施例中，套件包括管道联接件，并且还包括：带夹，其尺寸设置为环绕和压缩套环；以及环形衬垫。
在前述实施例中任一项的一个或多个实施例中，衬垫包括以下的整体模制组合：衬套；以及衬套的端部处的突起环。
在前述实施例中任一项的一个或多个实施例中，一种用于使用管道联接件的方法包括：将管道联接件安装至管道；上紧围绕分段套环的夹具以将分段套环夹到管道上；以及经由轴向平移将管道联接件和管道作为单元安装至管道配件：将管道的端部部分插入管道配件的端部部分中；并且指部凸出部在管道配件的端部部分的相邻表面之后变得被捕获。
在前述实施例中任一项的一个或多个实施例中，该方法还包括将衬垫应用至管道。
在前述实施例中任一项的一个或多个实施例中，平移使配件端部部分的边缘与主体部分之间的衬垫压缩。
在前述实施例中任一项的一个或多个实施例中，该方法还包括释放提供平移的外力，以便留下：在配件端部部分的边缘与主体部分之间压缩的衬垫；以及在轴向张力下的指部。
在前述实施例中任一项的一个或多个实施例中，管道接头包括管道联接件，并且还包括：管道；将套环部分保持到管道上的夹具；以及具有端部部分的配件，其接收管道的端部部分且具有与指部凸出部的反锁接合。
在前述实施例中任一项的一个或多个实施例中，管道接头还包括在配件、管道联接件和管道之间压缩的衬垫。
在前述实施例中任一项的一个或多个实施例中，指部处于轴向张力下。
本公开的另一方面涉及一种管道配件，其包括：具有内径表面、外径表面和边缘的端部部分；端部部分上用于接合电熔套环的第一器件；以及端部部分上用于接合替代电熔套环的联接件的指部的第二器件。
在前述实施例中任一项的一个或多个实施例中，第二器件包括底切表面。
本公开的另一个方面是用于使用多个等同管道配件的方法，所述管道配件包括：具有内径表面、外径表面和边缘的端部部分。所述方法包括，利用第一所述配件：将加热元件安装至端部部分；将第一管道插入端部部分中；以及向加热元件供能以将第一管道熔合至第一所述配件。所述方法还包括，利用第二所述配件：将管道联接件安装至第二管道；经由轴向平移将管道联接件和第二管道作为单元安装至第二管道配件：将管道的端部部分插入管道配件的端部部分中；并且管道联接件的凸出部在第二管道配件的端部部分的相邻表面之后变得被捕获。
在附图和下面的描述中阐述了一个或多个实施例的细节。其他特征、目的和优点将从描述和附图以及从权利要求显而易见。
附图说明
图1为包括第一接头的管道组件的分解图。
图2为管道组件的顶视图。
图3为沿图2的线3-3得到的管道组件的中心垂直/纵向截面图且进一步具有第二接头。
图3A为第一接头的放大图。
图3B为第二接头的放大图。
图4为第一接头的联接件的第一视图。
图5为联接件的第二视图。
图6为联接件的侧视图。
图7为联接件的第一端视图。
图8为联接件的第二端视图。
图9为沿图8的线9-9得到的联接件的中心纵向截面图。
图9A为联接件的放大图。
各图中相似的参考数字和标号指示相似的元件。
具体实施方式
图1示出了配件20的组件，其接收管道120的端部部分122A并经由联接件30紧固到其上。更具体地，示出配件的一个分支/端部22A，配件可具有若干端部/分支/端部（例如，末端、弯头（示为具有第二端部22B）、直联接件、适配器、T型配件、Y型配件和/或这其中任一者的变型（例如阀体））。示例性标称管道外径是1英寸到8英寸（2.5厘米到20厘米），更具体地1.5英寸到6英寸（3.8厘米到15厘米）。轴线500可在端部22A、管道、联接件和衬垫处代表配件的中心纵向轴线。
如下面所论述的那样，管道的第二端部部分122B可为自由的，可经由相似的联接件联接到第二配件的相似端部部分，可经由不同器件联接到第二配件的不同端部部分，或可经由不同器件联接到第二配件的相似端部部分。在这些选项的最后的一组示例中，配件端部构造成允许联接件30用于机械接头或电熔套环（例如，如‘622公布中公开的套环200（图3））的备选使用。图3的套环200紧固第二管道220的一部分。图3B示出嵌入套环200的内壁204中的加热元件（线圈）202，以及使套环的外壁206压靠配件的带夹210。或者，给定的配件可仅具有一种类型的接头但不同的等同配件可具有不同类型的接头。
配件端部22A,22B限定联接接口。如下面所论述的那样，示例性构造基于Fuseal或‘662公布配件的接口，且备选地经由Fuseal或‘662公布电熔套环或经由联接件30促进到管道的备选连接。出于那个目的，从相应边缘24A,24B凹进的端部22A,22B具有外部或外径（OD）表面凹槽或槽26，以用于接收‘662公布电熔套环的对应朝内的径向凸出部。
如下面进一步论述的那样，联接件30是联接系统的一部分，联接系统还包括衬垫32和带夹34。
管道端部部分122A,122B具有相应的边缘124A,124B。管道还具有内部或内径（ID）表面126（图3A）以及外部或外径（OD）表面128。配件20还包括ID表面40和OD表面42。在各个端部22A,22B处，示例性ID表面具有成对的梯级，其限定成对的相应的径向肩部表面44,46。在示例性实施方式中，这些对应于Fuseal或‘662公布配件中的表面，当管道安装且表面46定位成接触或几乎接触电熔套环的电熔线圈部分时，表面44用作邻接边缘124A或124B的管道止挡件。在示例性实施方式中，管道端部部分还具有用于引导插入物的外部斜表面130。
在示例性实施方式中，衬垫32包括衬套部分50和衬套部分的一端处的突起（环）52。衬套部分50的尺寸设置成填充空间，所述空间另外会由Fuseal或‘662公布套环的线圈部分占用。如下面所论述的那样，突起（例如，其可具有大致圆形形式的松弛截面）用于密封。因此，在示例性实施方式中，衬垫具有对靠管道OD表面128的内径（ID）表面54和沿着端部22A对靠配件的ID表面的外径（OD）表面56。与突起轴向相对的衬套端部58可邻接肩部表面46。
在示例性实施方式中，在安装情形下，联接件30保持突起52与边缘24A和管道OD表面128处于密封压缩接合，以便维持管道和配件之间的密封。为了维持此接合，联接件30保持突起处于轴向压缩，其经由变形也变成径向压缩。为了维持此接合，联接件经由夹具34相对于轴向平移刚性地保持到管道上，并且经由联接件和配件的相应表面60和62的轴向反锁互配保持到配件上。轴向反锁防止（或至少阻止）管道从配件轴向抽出，并且维持衬垫突起52的压缩。
示例性联接件30（图4）包括完整环主体部分（主体）70。周向分段的套环72从主体70的一端轴向地突出作为由相应间隙（例如，轴向槽口）76分开的多个节段74。套环72及其节段延伸至轴向端部或边缘部分78，且具有内部或内径（ID）表面80和外部或外径（OD）表面82。示例性内径表面形成为带有一系列朝内的环形凸出部84（图3A）和凹槽86。这些提供表面增强部以在来自夹具34的压缩下咬到管道OD表面128中且维持与其的轴向接合。沿着OD表面82，套环72可具有在夹带ID表面接触套环OD表面的情况下用于使夹具34轴向保持或定位的特征。这种示例性特征85（图4）将夹具从主体70轴向地间隔开以减轻节段通过夹具的朝内弯曲。如果夹具邻接主体70，使节段的根部部分径向地朝内弯曲以提供与管道的所需接合将可能非常困难。
为了接合配件，联接件30（图4）包括相对于套环72从主体70轴向地突起的多个指部90。指部从近侧根部部分92延伸到远端94。接近远端94，指部具有朝内的径向凸出部96（图9A）。示例性朝内的径向凸出部96径向朝内且轴向向后朝主体70延伸，且具有联合地形成表面60（图3A）的轴向下侧。凸出部96的径向内侧端部部分接收在配件端部的互补凹部或槽100（图1）中。槽100具有形成表面62（图3A）的第一侧壁。示例性槽100具有基部102（图3A），其可接触安装的凸出部的径向内侧端部98。
在示例性实施例中，表面60和62成角度，使得应用至管道和联接件的抽出力在表面60和62之间产生凸轮（camming）相互作用，从而倾向于驱动凸出部96径向朝内与槽100的更牢固接合（而不是相反方向产生允许指部释放的朝外凸轮作用）。
在示例性操作顺序中，联接件可首先滑动到管道上，超过将在其最终预期位置的位置。然后可将衬垫滑动到管道上到其最终预期位置。该最终预期位置可通过测量和标记管道或通过将衬垫的某一特征与管道的某一特征（例如，带有斜表面130的端部的端部58）对准来确定。
然后可将联接件滑回以接触与管道成最终轴向关系的衬垫。于是，可将带夹应用（如果不是松弛地应用）到套环部分并将其上紧以将联接件锁到管道上。在示例性实施方式中，为了管道和联接件的精确轴向对准，这些构件尺寸设置成使得该最终相对位置将指部远端94的轴向末端与边缘124A的轴向末端共面放置。因此，例如，可使用平板或其他物品在夹紧之前通过将板邻接到边缘124A并且将联接件滑动到也邻接板来定位联接件。甚至另一长度的管道的侧部也可用于此目的。备选地，可仅仅从管道的边缘往回测量适当的预定距离，将其标记，并将配件组件定位到那个标记。
在备选实施方式中，可将衬垫32放置在配件端部部分中并且不预先组装至管道。
在示例性实施方式中，在将联接件30和衬垫32分装至管道后，联接件和管道可滑动到与配件接合。为了引导安装，斜表面130可接触边缘24A的ID末端，并且指部端部的相应倾斜的远侧表面可接合边缘24A的外侧部分。远端94的倾斜定向成使得这种接合产生朝外的凸轮相互作用，从而使指部径向朝外弯曲，并且在管道进一步插入的情况下允许指部随后沿着配件OD表面行进。最终，凸出部96行进到与槽100的开口对准，并且指部径向朝内扣住以解除弯曲，并且使凸出部96承座在槽100中。在这一点上，可移除轴向插入力，从而允许压缩的突起52部分地松弛并使管道和联接件组件部分地往回轴向朝外移动，直到指部的朝内的径向凸出部与槽的接合阻止进一步的抽出，从而将指部置于拉力下，以便使突起52处于足以提供接头的期望的操作密封的残余压缩下。
示例性管道和配件材料从以下项组成的组中选择：聚氯乙烯（PVC）、氯化聚氯乙烯（CPVC）、丙烯腈丁二烯苯乙烯（ABS）、聚乙烯（PE，包括高密度聚乙烯（HDPE）、低密度聚乙烯（LDPE）和线性低密度聚乙烯（LLDPE））、聚丙烯（PP）、聚苯乙烯（PS）、聚丁烯（PB）、聚酰胺（PA）和聚二氟乙烯（PVDF）。示例性联接件和夹具可来自相同的列表或可为金属的。特别是对于联接件，由于指部所经受的拉力和其他力，纤维填充（增强）的变体是相关的。示例性衬垫为天然或人造橡胶或弹性体。
一个具体示例涉及PP管道、PP配件、RYTON（比利时布鲁塞尔Solvay SA的商标）玻璃填充聚苯硫醚（PPS）联接件、CELCON M-90（德克萨斯州达拉斯市Celanese公司的商标）缩醛共聚物夹具和热塑性弹性体衬垫。
管道、联接件、配件、夹具和衬垫可使用另外的常规或尚未开发的材料和技术（例如，用于管道的挤压和用于其他构件的注射模制）制成。
该描述和随后的权利要求中使用的“第一”，“第二”等仅用于权利要求内的区别，且不一定指示相对或绝对重要性或时间顺序。类似地，在权利要求中将一个元件标识为“第一”（或相似的）并不排除这种“第一”元件在另一权利要求中或在描述中标识被称为“第二”（或相似的）的元件。
在以英制单位随后包含SI或其他单位的括号给出度量之处，括号的单位是换算且不应意味着在英制单位中找不到精确度。
已经描述了一个或多个实施例。然而，将理解的是可进行各种修改。例如，当应用于修改现有基本管道或配件系统的构造时，这种构造或其相关使用的细节可影响特定实施方式的细节。因此，其他实施例在随后的权利要求的范围内。

Claims (18)

1.一种管道联接件（30），其是整体的单件塑料模制件，包括：
轴线（500）；
围绕所述轴线的完整环主体部分（70）；
从所述主体部分的第一轴向端部延伸并且具有内径表面（80）和外径表面（82）的周向分段的套环（72）；以及
多个指部（90），其从所述主体部分的第二轴向端部突出，与所述第一轴向端部轴向地相对并且具有朝内的径向凸出部（96）。
2.根据权利要求1所述的管道联接件，其特征在于：
所述内径表面具有表面增强部（84,86）。
3.根据权利要求2所述的管道联接件，其特征在于：
所述表面增强部包括周向脊（84）。
4.根据权利要求1所述的管道联接件，其特征在于，所述塑料是玻璃填充的。
5.根据权利要求1所述的管道联接件，其特征在于，所述塑料是聚苯硫醚。
6.根据权利要求1所述的管道联接件，其特征在于：
所述朝内的径向凸出部沿径向朝内且沿轴向向后朝所述主体部分延伸。
7.一种套件，包括根据权利要求1所述的管道联接件，且还包括：
带夹（34），其尺寸设置成环绕和压缩所述套环；以及
环形衬垫（32）。
8.根据权利要求7所述的套件，其特征在于，所述衬垫包括以下的整体模制组合：
衬套（50）；以及
所述衬套的端部处的突出环（52）。
9.一种用于使用根据权利要求1所述的管道联接件的方法，所述方法包括：
将所述管道联接件安装至管道（120）；
上紧围绕所述分段套环的夹具（34）以将所述分段套环夹到所述管道上；以及
经由轴向平移将所述管道联接件和管道作为单元安装至管道配件：
将所述管道的端部部分插入所述管道配件的端部部分中；并且
所述径向 凸出部在所述管道配件的端部部分（22A）的相邻表面（62）之后变得被捕获。
10.根据权利要求9所述的方法，其特征在于，还包括：
将衬垫（32）应用至所述管道。
11.根据权利要求9所述的方法，其特征在于：
所述轴向平移使所述配件端部部分的边缘（24A）与所述主体部分之间的衬垫（32）压缩。
12.根据权利要求11所述的方法，其特征在于，还包括：
释放提供所述轴向平移的外力，以便留下：在所述配件端部部分的边缘与所述主体部分之间压缩的所述衬垫；以及在轴向张力下的所述指部。
13.一种管道接头，包括根据权利要求1所述的管道联接件，且还包括：
管道（120）；
将所述套环部分保持到所述管道上的夹具（34）；以及
具有端部部分（22A）的配件（20），其接收所述管道的端部部分（122A）且具有与所述径向 凸出部（96）的反锁接合。
14.根据权利要求13所述的管道接头，其特征在于，还包括：
在所述配件、所述管道联接件和所述管道之间压缩的衬垫（32）。
15.根据权利要求13所述的管道接头，其特征在于：
所述指部处于轴向张力下。
16.一种管道配件（20），包括：
各自具有内径表面、外径表面和边缘（24A; 24B）的两个端部部分（22A; 22B）；
所述端部部分（22A; 22B）中的第一端部部分上用于接合电熔套环（200）的第一器件(26)；以及
所述端部部分（22A; 22B）中的第二端部部分上用于接合替代所述电熔套环的联接件（30）的指部（90）的第二器件（100）。
17.根据权利要求16所述的管道配件，其特征在于：
所述第二器件包括底切表面（62）。
18.一种用于使用多个等同管道配件（20）的方法，所述管道配件包括：
具有内径表面、外径表面和边缘的端部部分（22A; 22B），
所述方法包括：
利用第一管道配件：
将加热元件（202）安装至所述端部部分；
将第一管道插入所述端部部分中；以及
向所述加热元件供能以将所述第一管道熔合至所述第一管道配件；以及
利用第二管道配件：
将管道联接件（30）安装至第二管道；
经由轴向平移将所述管道联接件和第二管道作为单元安装至所述第二管道配件：
将所述第二管道的端部部分插入所述第二管道配件的端部部分中；并且
所述管道联接件的径向 凸出部（96）在所述第二管道配件的端部部分的相邻表面（62）之后变得被捕获。
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