CN108373325A - 一种高强度轻质保温砖及其制备方法 - Google Patents

一种高强度轻质保温砖及其制备方法 Download PDF

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CN108373325A
CN108373325A CN201810110996.XA CN201810110996A CN108373325A CN 108373325 A CN108373325 A CN 108373325A CN 201810110996 A CN201810110996 A CN 201810110996A CN 108373325 A CN108373325 A CN 108373325A
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孔令翠
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Hefei Ou Shijia Electromechanical Equipment Co Ltd
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Abstract

本发明公开了一种高强度轻质保温砖及其制备方法，涉及高分子新型建材技术领域，该保温砖包括以下原料：包膜硅灰石粉、酸洗石英砂、法库粘土、海泡石纤维、石蜡乳液、氧化铁粉末、斜发沸石粉、三乙醇胺、羟基环已基苯基甲酮、发泡剂、稳泡剂、减水剂和激发剂。其制备方法是通过对原料的混匀、陈化、成型、养护、烘干和煅烧。本发明的保温砖制备工艺简单，成本低廉，强度高，容重小，耐火等级高，保温隔音效果好，且具有良好的耐腐蚀性、防水抗冻性和抗风化性，降低了运输成本，提高了保温砖的安全系数和使用寿命，适宜推广应用。

Description

一种高强度轻质保温砖及其制备方法
技术领域
本发明涉及高分子新型建材技术领域，具体涉及一种高强度轻质保温砖及其制备方法。
背景技术
随着国民经济的快速发展，人民生活水平的不断提高，对能源的消耗也越来越大，能源短缺问题日益突出，因此，节能环保型建筑材料逐渐被人们所重视，保温砖作为建筑材料中的一种，应用广泛。建筑用砖品种较多，大体分成两类，一类承重砖，一类非承重砖，因此，保温砖在社会需求的状况下，既要满足质轻的要求，又要达到承重强度高的标准，而现有技术中的保温砖很多还达不到上述要求，依旧存在质量上的问题，严重影响建筑工程中的可靠性及安全性，因此研制出一种强度高、轻质、综合性能优良的保温砖对社会及建筑行业的发展具有深远的意义。
发明内容
针对现有技术中存在的问题，本发明提供了一种高强度轻质保温砖及其制备方法，该种保温砖制备工艺简单，成本低廉，强度高，容重小，耐火等级高，保温隔音效果好，且具有良好的耐腐蚀性、防水抗冻性和抗风化性。
为了达到上述目的，本发明通过以下技术方案来实现的：
一种高强度轻质保温砖，包括以下按重量份计的原料：包膜硅灰石粉100-120份、酸洗石英砂10-20份、法库粘土10-20份、海泡石纤维5-15份、石蜡乳液6-10份、氧化铁粉末4-8份、斜发沸石粉3-5份、三乙醇胺1-3份、羟基环已基苯基甲酮1-2份、发泡剂1-5份、稳泡剂1-3份、减水剂1-5份和激发剂1-3份。
上述的包膜硅灰石粉通过以下步骤制得：将原料硅灰石粉用乙醇进行球磨分散处理2-3h，得到的浆料干燥后于380-420℃下烧结1.5-2.5h，冷却至60-70℃后，再在其中加入相当于其重量1-3％的聚丙烯酰胺、1-2％的椰子油脂肪酸二乙醇酰胺和8-12％的去离子水，超声波震荡分散30-40min后，再于65-75℃恒温水浴中搅拌20-30min，得改性复混液；再向改性复混液中加入相当于其重量20-30％的浓度为20％的Al(NO3)3溶液，同时加入适量氨水调节pH值为8-10，搅拌30-40min后，静置3-5h，之后经过滤、洗涤、干燥处理后，在480-520℃烧结2-3h，自然冷却至室温即得。
进一步地，上述的保温砖包括以下按重量份计的原料：包膜硅灰石粉110份、酸洗石英砂15份、法库粘土15份、海泡石纤维10份、石蜡乳液8份、氧化铁粉末6份、斜发沸石粉4份、三乙醇胺2份、羟基环已基苯基甲酮1.5份、发泡剂3份、稳泡剂2份、减水剂3份和激发剂2份。
进一步地，上述的包膜硅灰石粉通过以下步骤制得：将原料硅灰石粉用乙醇进行球磨分散处理2.5h，得到的浆料干燥后于400℃下烧结2h，冷却至65℃后，再在其中加入相当于其重量2％的聚丙烯酰胺、1.5％的椰子油脂肪酸二乙醇酰胺和10％的去离子水，超声波震荡分散35min后，再于70℃恒温水浴中搅拌25min，得改性复混液；再向改性复混液中加入相当于其重量25％的浓度为20％的Al(NO3)3溶液，同时加入适量氨水调节pH值为9，搅拌35min后，静置4h，之后经过滤、洗涤、干燥处理后，在500℃烧结2.5h，自然冷却至室温即得。
进一步地，上述的酸洗石英砂是按照以下步骤制得的：将石英砂用质量分数为37％的盐酸溶液浸泡1-2h，然后用水洗至中性，于100-110℃条件下干燥60-80min，得酸洗石英砂。
优选地，上述的发泡剂采用硅酸钠、碳酸钙、碳酸镁、碳化硅或碳酸氢钠中的一种或者多种。
优选地，上述的稳泡剂采用硅树脂聚醚乳液、聚丙烯酰胺或聚乙烯醇中的一种。
优选地，上述的减水剂采用木质素磺酸钙、聚丙烯酸钠或氨基磺酸钠中的一种。
优选地，上述的激发剂采用硫铝酸盐、硫酸盐或水洗浆中的两种或两种以上。
上述的一种高强度轻质保温砖的制备方法，按照以下步骤进行：
(1)按上述重量份配比预备原料；
(2)先将所有原料输送至砂浆搅拌机中，加入原料质量15-25％的水和8-12％的耐高温粘结剂搅拌混匀，得浆料；
(3)再将浆料置于陈化库中陈化处理16-24h，得陈化物料；
(4)采用压力机对所述陈化物料压制成型，压制时间为4-6s，得坯料；
(5)接着将坯料置于常温下养护处理2-3天；
(6)之后将养护后的坯料输送至烘干窑中进行高温烘干处理，烘干温度为80-90℃，烘干时间为32-36h；
(7)最后将烘干后的砖料输送至高温煅烧炉中进行高温煅烧处理，煅烧温度为920-960℃，高温煅烧时间为12-16h。
本发明具有如下的有益效果：本发明的保温砖通过对生产原料及制备工艺的改进，加入包膜硅灰石粉、酸洗石英砂、法库粘土以及海泡石纤维等成分，包膜硅灰石粉质轻价格低廉，将其作为砖料的主料可以大大降低砖体的生产成本和干密度值，达到质轻的目的；酸洗后的石英砂强度高、耐腐蚀、耐高温，将其利用在砖料中，可有效提高砖体的承重强度、耐腐蚀性和耐火耐高温等级，本发明的成品保温砖干密度值小，容重轻，抗折、抗压强度高，能够大大降低运输成本，提高了保温砖的安全系数和使用寿命，适宜推广应用；
(1)本发明的保温砖生产原料来源广泛，生产工艺简单易行，制备成本低廉，制备中可适用低温快烧的操作，成品砖料上架速度快，能耗低，适宜大规模量产；
(2)本发明的保温砖耐火等级高，保温隔音效果好，具有良好的耐腐蚀性、防水抗冻性和抗风化性，应用领域广泛。
具体实施方式
下面结合实施例对本发明的具体实施方式作进一步描述，以下实施例仅用于更加清楚地说明本发明的技术方案，而不能以此来限制本发明的保护范围。
本发明中所用原料选购地如下表1所示：
表1
原料 选购地
硅灰石粉(20目筛)、石英砂、海泡石纤维 湖北冯家山硅纤有限公司
法库粘土 法库县包家屯乡粘土矿
石蜡乳液、三乙醇胺、羟基环已基苯基甲酮 青岛玉洲化工有限公司
发泡剂、稳泡剂、减水剂、激发剂 山东鲁科化工有限公司
氧化铁粉末、斜发沸石粉 安徽霍山县尚土矿业有限公司
实施例1
一种高强度轻质保温砖，预备如下表2的原料：
表2
上述的包膜硅灰石粉通过以下步骤制得：取100kg硅灰石粉用乙醇进行球磨分散处理2h，得到的浆料干燥后于380℃下烧结1.5h，冷却至60℃后，再在其中加入相当于其重量1％的聚丙烯酰胺、1％的椰子油脂肪酸二乙醇酰胺和8％的去离子水，超声波震荡分散30min后，再于65℃恒温水浴中搅拌20min，得改性复混液；再向改性复混液中加入相当于其重量20％的浓度为20％的Al(NO3)3溶液，同时加入适量氨水调节pH值为8，搅拌30min后，静置3h，之后经过滤、洗涤、干燥处理后，在480℃烧结2h，自然冷却至室温即得。
上述的酸洗石英砂是按照以下步骤制得的：将石英砂用质量分数为37％的盐酸溶液浸泡1h，然后用水洗至中性，于100℃条件下干燥60min，得酸洗石英砂。
本发明的一种高强度轻质保温砖的制备方法，按照以下步骤进行：
(1)先将所有原料输送至砂浆搅拌机中，加入原料质量15％的水和8％的耐高温粘结剂搅拌混匀，得浆料，搅拌转速70r/min，搅拌时间2.5h；
(2)再将浆料置于陈化库中陈化处理16h，得陈化物料，陈化库的陈化温度为24℃，相对空气湿度在40％；
(3)采用压力机对所述陈化物料压制成型，工作压力为18MPa，压制时间为4s，得坯料；
(4)接着将坯料置于常温下养护处理2天；
(5)之后将养护后的坯料输送至烘干窑中进行高温烘干处理，烘干温度为80℃，烘干时间为32h；
(6)最后将烘干后的砖料输送至高温煅烧炉中进行高温煅烧处理，煅烧温度为920℃，高温煅烧时间为12h；
(7)成品检验(检验结果见下表5)。
实施例2
一种高强度轻质保温砖，预备如下表3的原料：
表3
上述的包膜硅灰石粉通过以下步骤制得：取110kg硅灰石粉用乙醇进行球磨分散处理2.5h，得到的浆料干燥后于400℃下烧结2h，冷却至65℃后，再在其中加入相当于其重量2％的聚丙烯酰胺、1.5％的椰子油脂肪酸二乙醇酰胺和10％的去离子水，超声波震荡分散35min后，再于70℃恒温水浴中搅拌25min，得改性复混液；再向改性复混液中加入相当于其重量25％的浓度为20％的Al(NO3)3溶液，同时加入适量氨水调节pH值为9，搅拌35min后，静置4h，之后经过滤、洗涤、干燥处理后，在500℃烧结2.5h，自然冷却至室温即得。
上述的酸洗石英砂是按照以下步骤制得的：将石英砂用质量分数为37％的盐酸溶液浸泡1.5h，然后用水洗至中性，于105℃条件下干燥70min，得酸洗石英砂。
本发明的一种高强度轻质保温砖的制备方法，按照以下步骤进行：
(1)先将所有原料输送至砂浆搅拌机中，加入原料质量20％的水和10％的耐高温粘结剂搅拌混匀，得浆料，搅拌转速75r/min，搅拌时间3h；
(2)再将浆料置于陈化库中陈化处理20h，得陈化物料，陈化库的陈化温度为26℃，相对空气湿度在45％；
(3)采用压力机对所述陈化物料压制成型，工作压力为20MPa，压制时间为5s，得坯料；
(4)接着将坯料置于常温下养护处理3天；
(5)之后将养护后的坯料输送至烘干窑中进行高温烘干处理，烘干温度为85℃，烘干时间为34h；
(6)最后将烘干后的砖料输送至高温煅烧炉中进行高温煅烧处理，煅烧温度为940℃，高温煅烧时间为14h
(7)成品检验(检验结果见下表5)。
实施例3
一种高强度轻质保温砖，预备如下表4的原料：
表4
上述的包膜硅灰石粉通过以下步骤制得：取120kg硅灰石粉用乙醇进行球磨分散处理3h，得到的浆料干燥后于420℃下烧结2.5h，冷却至70℃后，再在其中加入相当于其重量3％的聚丙烯酰胺、2％的椰子油脂肪酸二乙醇酰胺和12％的去离子水，超声波震荡分散40min后，再于75℃恒温水浴中搅拌30min，得改性复混液；再向改性复混液中加入相当于其重量30％的浓度为20％的Al(NO3)3溶液，同时加入适量氨水调节pH值为10，搅拌40min后，静置5h，之后经过滤、洗涤、干燥处理后，在520℃烧结3h，自然冷却至室温即得。
上述的酸洗石英砂是按照以下步骤制得的：将石英砂用质量分数为37％的盐酸溶液浸泡2h，然后用水洗至中性，于110℃条件下干燥80min，得酸洗石英砂。
本发明的一种高强度轻质保温砖的制备方法，按照以下步骤进行：
(1)先将所有原料输送至砂浆搅拌机中，加入原料质量25％的水和12％的耐高温粘结剂搅拌混匀，得浆料，搅拌转速80r/min，搅拌时间3.5h；
(2)再将浆料置于陈化库中陈化处理24h，得陈化物料，陈化库的陈化温度为28℃，相对空气湿度在50％；
(3)采用压力机对所述陈化物料压制成型，工作压力为22MPa，压制时间为6s，得坯料；
(4)接着将坯料置于常温下养护处理3天；
(5)之后将养护后的坯料输送至烘干窑中进行高温烘干处理，烘干温度为90℃，烘干时间为36h；
(6)最后将烘干后的砖料输送至高温煅烧炉中进行高温煅烧处理，煅烧温度为960℃，高温煅烧时间为16h；
(7)成品检验(检验结果见下表5)。
上述实施例1-3制得的保温砖性能检测结果如下表5所示；
实施例1：保温砖尺寸230mm×114mm×65mm；
实施例2：保温砖尺寸250mm×123mm×75mm；
实施例3：保温砖尺寸250mm×186mm×65mm；
表5
以上所述仅为本发明的优选实施例而已，并不用于限制本发明，尽管参照前述实施例对本发明进行了详细的说明，对于本领域的技术人员来说，其依然可以对前述各实施例所记载的技术方案进行修改，或者对其中部分技术特征进行等同替换。凡在本发明的精神和原则之内，所作的任何修改、等同替换、改进等，均应包含在本发明的保护范围之内。

Claims (9)

1.一种高强度轻质保温砖，其特征在于，包括以下按重量份计的原料：包膜硅灰石粉100-120份、酸洗石英砂10-20份、法库粘土10-20份、海泡石纤维5-15份、石蜡乳液6-10份、氧化铁粉末4-8份、斜发沸石粉3-5份、三乙醇胺1-3份、羟基环已基苯基甲酮1-2份、发泡剂1-5份、稳泡剂1-3份、减水剂1-5份和激发剂1-3份；
所述包膜硅灰石粉通过以下步骤制得：将原料硅灰石粉用乙醇进行球磨分散处理2-3h，得到的浆料干燥后于380-420℃下烧结1.5-2.5h，冷却至60-70℃后，再在其中加入相当于其重量1-3％的聚丙烯酰胺、1-2％的椰子油脂肪酸二乙醇酰胺和8-12％的去离子水，超声波震荡分散30-40min后，再于65-75℃恒温水浴中搅拌20-30min，得改性复混液；再向改性复混液中加入相当于其重量20-30％的浓度为20％的Al(NO3)3溶液，同时加入适量氨水调节pH值为8-10，搅拌30-40min后，静置3-5h，之后经过滤、洗涤、干燥处理后，在480-520℃烧结2-3h，自然冷却至室温即得。
2.根据权利要求1所述的一种高强度轻质保温砖，其特征在于，包括以下按重量份计的原料：包膜硅灰石粉110份、酸洗石英砂15份、法库粘土15份、海泡石纤维10份、石蜡乳液8份、氧化铁粉末6份、斜发沸石粉4份、三乙醇胺2份、羟基环已基苯基甲酮1.5份、发泡剂3份、稳泡剂2份、减水剂3份和激发剂2份。
3.根据权利要求1所述的一种高强度轻质保温砖，其特征在于，所述包膜硅灰石粉通过以下步骤制得：将原料硅灰石粉用乙醇进行球磨分散处理2.5h，得到的浆料干燥后于400℃下烧结2h，冷却至65℃后，再在其中加入相当于其重量2％的聚丙烯酰胺、1.5％的椰子油脂肪酸二乙醇酰胺和10％的去离子水，超声波震荡分散35min后，再于70℃恒温水浴中搅拌25min，得改性复混液；再向改性复混液中加入相当于其重量25％的浓度为20％的Al(NO3)3溶液，同时加入适量氨水调节pH值为9，搅拌35min后，静置4h，之后经过滤、洗涤、干燥处理后，在500℃烧结2.5h，自然冷却至室温即得。
4.根据权利要求1所述的一种高强度轻质保温砖，其特征在于，所述酸洗石英砂是按照以下步骤制得的：将石英砂用质量分数为37％的盐酸溶液浸泡1-2h，然后用水洗至中性，于100-110℃条件下干燥60-80min，得酸洗石英砂。
5.根据权利要求1所述的一种高强度轻质保温砖，其特征在于，所述发泡剂为硅酸钠、碳酸钙、碳酸镁、碳化硅或碳酸氢钠中的一种或者多种。
6.根据权利要求1所述的一种高强度轻质保温砖，其特征在于，所述稳泡剂为硅树脂聚醚乳液、聚丙烯酰胺或聚乙烯醇中的一种。
7.根据权利要求1所述的一种高强度轻质保温砖，其特征在于，所述减水剂为木质素磺酸钙、聚丙烯酸钠或氨基磺酸钠中的一种。
8.根据权利要求1所述的一种高强度轻质保温砖，其特征在于，所述激发剂为硫铝酸盐、硫酸盐或水洗浆中的两种或两种以上。
9.一种根据权利要求1-8任意一项所述的高强度轻质保温砖的制备方法，其特征在于，包括以下步骤：
(1)按所述重量份配比预备原料；
(2)将所有原料输送至砂浆搅拌机中，加入原料质量15-25％的水和8-12％的耐高温粘结剂搅拌混匀，得浆料；
(3)将浆料置于陈化库中陈化处理16-24h，得陈化物料；
(4)采用压力机对所述陈化物料压制成型，压制时间为4-6s，得坯料；
(5)将坯料置于常温下养护处理2-3天；
(6)将养护后的坯料输送至烘干窑中进行高温烘干处理，烘干温度为80-90℃，烘干时间为32-36h；
(7)将烘干后的砖料输送至高温煅烧炉中进行高温煅烧处理，煅烧温度为920-960℃，高温煅烧时间为12-16h。
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CN109095946A (zh) * 2018-08-29 2018-12-28 佛山朝鸿新材料科技有限公司 一种轻质保温砖
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Application publication date: 20180807