CN108370976B - Method for identifying cold resistance of wheat indoors - Google Patents
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Abstract
The invention provides a method for identifying cold resistance of wheat indoors, which comprises the following steps: after sowing, vernalization treatment, subzero low-temperature treatment and illumination treatment, and investigation of survival conditions of wheat seedlings after low-temperature treatment, the survival rate of the wheat seedlings is higher, which indicates that the cold resistance is better; according to the survival degree of common winter wheat seedlings under different low-temperature treatments, the cold resistance of common winter wheat is divided into 5 types of poor, good and strong. The invention has the advantages of wide controllable low-temperature treatment temperature range (the lowest temperature can be as low as-35 ℃), simple and convenient operation, high accuracy of cold resistance identification and capability of determining the cold resistance degree of wheat. Can be applied to the cold resistance identification of wheat germplasm resources and kindred species thereof, the cold resistance screening of wheat hybridization parents, the cold resistance identification of wheat breeding offspring and new species (line) and the cold resistance research of wheat varieties (line).
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the field of wheat biology research, in particular to a method for identifying cold resistance of wheat indoors.
Background
Wheat is one of the main grain crops in the world, and wheat is used as grain for 35-40% of the world population. In China, wheat is planted next to corn and rice. China mainly takes winter wheat as a main raw material, and the planting area and the yield of the winter wheat are over 82 percent of that of wheat. Wheat freezing damage in winter, freezing damage in early spring (late spring cold) and low-temperature cold damage become main natural disasters threatening the production safety of wheat in China. The winter freezing injury is caused by sudden cooling of wheat after entering winter and during overwintering, and is related to various factors such as variety, climate, soil fertility foundation, cultivation mode and the like. The agricultural loss caused by low-temperature freezing damage in the world is up to hundreds of billions yuan each year. The popularization and application of the cold-resistant wheat variety are the key for maintaining stable production, and are important guarantees for realizing the newly increased wheat productivity and the national food safety. The cold resistance of the wheat variety is a main internal factor determining the degree of the occurrence of the freezing injury, so that the cold resistance of the wheat variety (line) is accurately identified, and the method has important significance on the cultivation, popularization and application of new wheat varieties.
At present, the identification method of the cold resistance of wheat varieties mainly comprises the conventional cold resistance identification for investigating field seedling death conditions, physiological and biochemical index mapping related to the cold resistance and the like. The application of the methods plays an important role in identifying the cold resistance of wheat varieties, but still has some defects. For example, the conventional cold resistance identification method is greatly influenced by the temperature of the external environment, and in addition, in recent years, the warm winter weather often appears, so that the accuracy of cold resistance identification is seriously influenced, and the cold resistance degree of the cold resistance identification cannot be accurately identified; the physiological and biochemical index measuring method has complicated operation steps, the used chemical reagent is easy to cause environmental pollution, the wheat variety (line) can cause larger physiological and biochemical changes under slight low-temperature stress, the wheat plant is easy to die under strong low-temperature stress, and the cold resistance degree of the wheat plant can not be determined according to the measured related indexes.
Disclosure of Invention
In order to solve the technical defects, the invention provides a method for identifying the cold resistance of wheat indoors.
The invention is realized by the following technical scheme:
the invention provides a method for identifying cold resistance of wheat indoors, which comprises the following steps:
(1) sowing: 8 seeds with uniform wheat grain sizes are sown in each flowerpot, and 6 pots are planted in each wheat material; when the wheat plants grow to three leaves, transferring the wheat plants into a vernalization chamber for low-temperature vernalization;
(2) vernalization treatment: the vernalization temperature is 2 ℃, the illumination time is 12 hours, and the vernalization time is 6 weeks;
(3) low-temperature treatment and illumination setting under zero: before the low-temperature treatment at the subzero temperature, watering in a proper amount to ensure that the soil in each pot maintains a certain humidity so as to prevent the freeze-drying phenomenon during the low-temperature treatment; setting 6 subzero low-temperature treatment temperatures at night, namely-5 ℃, 10 ℃, 13 ℃, 15 ℃, 17 ℃ and 18 ℃, respectively, treating 1 night at each low-temperature, maintaining for 12 hours at 20:00 night to 8:00 next day, and turning off light; the temperature under illumination in the daytime is the same as the temperature during vernalization treatment, the temperature is set to be 2 ℃, the illumination time is 12 hours and the time is 8:00 to 20:00 at night;
(4) investigation of survival of wheat seedlings after low-temperature treatment: after the wheat material is processed at low temperature, immediately transferring the wheat material to a buffer room at 15 ℃, slowly melting ice for 24 hours under illumination, then moving the wheat material to an intelligent greenhouse or an outdoor place with proper temperature and illumination for growth, carrying out normal management, and carrying out live seedling statistics after 2 weeks of growth; after low-temperature treatment, the higher the survival rate of the wheat seedlings, the better the cold resistance of the wheat seedlings; the survival wheat seedlings can continue to grow until the wheat seedlings are mature;
(5) the classification standard of the cold resistance of wheat is as follows:
according to the survival degree of common winter wheat seedlings under different low-temperature treatments, the cold resistance of common winter wheat is divided into 5 types of poor, good and strong; the specific definition standard is as follows:
if the wheat seedlings cannot survive under the treatment of the temperature of higher than or equal to-5 ℃, the cold resistance is poor;
if the wheat seedlings can not survive under the treatment of the temperature of less than-10 ℃, but can survive under the treatment of the temperature of less than-5 ℃ and higher than or equal to-10 ℃, the cold resistance is poor;
if the wheat seedlings can not survive under the treatment of the temperature lower than-13 ℃, but can survive under the treatment of the temperature lower than-10 ℃ and higher than or equal to-13 ℃, the cold resistance is good;
if the wheat seedlings can not survive under the treatment of the temperature of below-15 ℃, but can survive under the treatment of the temperature of below-13 ℃ and the temperature of above or equal to-15 ℃, the cold resistance is better;
if the wheat seedlings are still alive under the treatment of the temperature of below 15 ℃ below zero, the cold resistance is strong.
The invention has the beneficial effects that: the invention can carry out low-temperature treatment on different types of wheat varieties (lines) and kindred species thereof to different degrees through the temperature-controlled and light-controlled intelligent vernalization chamber, and observe the survival condition of the wheat varieties (lines) and the kindred species in the temperature-controlled and light-controlled intelligent greenhouse. The invention has the advantages of wide controllable low-temperature treatment temperature range (the lowest temperature can be as low as-35 ℃), simple and convenient operation, high accuracy of cold resistance identification and capability of determining the cold resistance degree of wheat. The invention can be applied to the cold resistance identification of wheat germplasm resources and kindred species thereof, the cold resistance screening of wheat hybridization parents, the cold resistance identification of wheat breeding offspring and new species (line) and the cold resistance research of wheat varieties (line).
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a graph showing the results of vernalization treatment of a wheat variety (line) in a vernalization chamber.
FIG. 2 is a graph of the survival of wheat varieties (lines) after different subzero treatments.
FIG. 3 is a graph of the growth and setting conditions of different wheat varieties (lines) under the low-temperature treatment of-13 ℃ in an intelligent greenhouse.
Detailed Description
The present invention is described in further detail below with reference to examples:
example 1 establishment of method for identifying cold resistance of common winter wheat in vernalization room
1. Experimental Material
The variety (series) mainly comprises wheat materials in Huang-Huai-Dong wheat areas and has good cold resistance, wherein the variety (series) comprises Jinan 17, Ji-Ma 19, Ji-Ma 20, Zhong-Ma 155, Ji-Ma 0860229, Lu-Yuan 502, Ji-Ma 22 and BPT 06037; the varieties (lines) with weak cold resistance include Jimai 21 and Jimai 35.
In each flowerpot, 8 seeds with uniform wheat grain sizes are sown, and 6 pots are planted for each wheat material. When the wheat plants grow to three leaves, the wheat plants are moved into a vernalization chamber for low-temperature vernalization treatment.
2. Vernalization treatment
Setting vernalization temperature at 2 deg.C, light time at 12hrs, vernalization time at 6 weeks (FIG. 1). Before the low-temperature treatment at the subzero temperature, watering in a proper amount to ensure that the soil in each pot maintains a certain humidity so as to prevent the freeze-drying phenomenon during the low-temperature treatment.
3. Subzero low temperature processing and illumination setting
The results of preliminary experiments at low temperature (-5 ℃ to-25 ℃) show that 10 wheat materials such as wheat varieties (lines) Jinan 17, Jimai 19, Jimai 20, Jimai 21, Luyuan 502, Zhongmai 155, Jimai 0860229, Jimai 22, BPT06037 and Jimai 35 can survive at the temperature of-5 ℃ and-10 ℃ and are difficult to survive at the temperature of-17 ℃ and below. Therefore, 6 subzero low temperature treatment temperatures at night of-5 deg.C, -10 deg.C, -13 deg.C, -15 deg.C, -17 deg.C and-18 deg.C (Table 1) were set, and the treatment was maintained for 12hr (20: 00-8: 00) every 1 night, and the lights were turned off. The temperature under daytime illumination is the same as that during vernalization treatment, and is set at 2 deg.C, and the illumination time is 12hrs (8: 00-20: 00).
TABLE 1 table of the evaluation of cold resistance of common winter wheat in low temperature setting
4. Investigation of survival of wheat seedlings after low-temperature treatment
After the wheat material is processed at low temperature, the wheat material is immediately transferred to a buffer room at 15 ℃, slowly melted for 24 hours under illumination, then moved to an intelligent greenhouse or an outdoor place with proper temperature and illumination for growth, normally managed, and subjected to live seedling statistics after 2 weeks of growth (figure 2). The higher the survival rate of wheat seedlings after the low temperature treatment, the better the cold resistance. Surviving wheat seedlings can continue to grow until mature (fig. 3).
5. Division of wheat seedling cold resistance
According to the survival degree of common winter wheat seedlings under different low-temperature treatments, the cold resistance of common winter wheat is divided into 5 types of poor, good and strong; the specific definition standard is as follows:
if the wheat seedlings cannot survive under the treatment of the temperature of higher than or equal to-5 ℃, the cold resistance is poor;
if the wheat seedlings can not survive under the treatment of the temperature of less than-10 ℃, but can survive under the treatment of the temperature of less than-5 ℃ and higher than or equal to-10 ℃, the cold resistance is poor;
if the wheat seedlings can not survive under the treatment of the temperature lower than-13 ℃, but can survive under the treatment of the temperature lower than-10 ℃ and higher than or equal to-13 ℃, the cold resistance is good;
if the wheat seedlings can not survive under the treatment of the temperature of below-15 ℃, but can survive under the treatment of the temperature of below-13 ℃ and the temperature of above or equal to-15 ℃, the cold resistance is better;
if the wheat seedlings are still alive under the treatment of the temperature of below 15 ℃ below zero, the cold resistance is strong.
Example 2 evaluation of Cold resistance of Material introduced at home and abroad
(1) Experimental Material
Chamsin (belgium), Granny (belgium), Marin (belgium), Norstar (canada), Olivart (belgium), Tybalt (belgium), dongnong winter wheat 12 (black longjiang), winter rye (black longjiang), ningmai 11 (ningxia) and ligusticum 9411.
(2) Evaluation of Cold resistance
The experimental result shows that the Dongnong winter wheat No. 12 of the wheat variety has better cold resistance; norstar and winter rye have plants which survive at a temperature lower than-15 ℃, grow well and show extremely strong cold resistance (Table 2).
TABLE 2 evaluation results of cold resistance of wheat materials introduced at home and abroad
Example 3 identification of Cold resistance of partially Strong winter and spring Shandong province (Pre) test wheat lines
The indoor cold resistance identification is carried out on 48 strong winter wheat materials and 9 spring wheat materials which participate in the (pre) test in Shandong province in 2009-2014 by dividing into 3 batches.
According to the survival plants and the growth states thereof, from the 2009-2010 wheat material, it was identified that chatting No. 9817, Shannon 06-205 and 990512 have good cold resistance, 9921 (strong winterness) and Tiantaiyou Ma No. 2 (springness) have strong cold resistance (Table 3). From the 2010-2013 wheat material, identified as the material with better freezing resistance were Tainong 1014 (strong winterness) and Shannon 0378 (springness) (Table 4). From wheat materials in 2013-2014, materials with better cold resistance are identified as zimai 30 (strong winter property) and 140453 (strong winter property) (Table 5).
The winter and spring property of wheat is divided according to the field sowing and the late heading condition and is divided into spring property, semi-winter property, winter property and strong winter property. It is generally accepted that the more winter wheat is, the more cold-resistant it is, whereas the more spring is, the less cold-resistant it is. However, the indoor low-temperature cold resistance identification result shows that the cold resistance of some winter-property and strong-winter-property wheat materials is not necessarily strong, and the winter-property and strong-winter-property wheat materials are also strong-winter-property materials and have different cold resistance. The cold resistance of the spring material is not necessarily poor, and the cold resistance of some spring materials is even better than that of strong winter materials, which indicates that the cold resistance of wheat is not directly related to the winter and spring properties. The ear sprouting of wheat is related to low-temperature vernalization, the used low temperature is not necessarily the lowest, and common winter wheat materials can sprout and flower at the temperature of-2 ℃ and about 40 days of vernalization. The winter and spring property identification method of wheat is generally characterized by utilizing different sowing periods and judging the heading condition finally caused by field temperature change. The winter coldness varies from year to year, but a certain accumulation of coldness is sufficient to cause the ear to bloom in the wheat. The indoor cold resistance identification of winter wheat is to vernalize the winter wheat firstly and then to process the winter wheat at different low temperature below zero. The survival condition of the wheat material after low-temperature treatment is investigated after the wheat material grows for 2 weeks, so that the indoor cold resistance identification of the wheat can directly reflect the cold resistance degree of the wheat, and the identification result is more accurate and reliable.
TABLE 3.2009-2010 Shandong province (Pre) test wheat material cold resistance identification result
TABLE 4.2010-2013 evaluation result of cold resistance of Shandong province (Pre) test wheat material in years
TABLE 5.2013-2014 annual Shandong province (Pre) test wheat material cold resistance identification result
The foregoing is only a preferred embodiment of this patent, and it should be noted that, for those skilled in the art, various modifications and substitutions can be made without departing from the technical principle of this patent, and these modifications and substitutions should also be regarded as the protection scope of this patent.
Claims (1)
1. An indoor identification method for cold resistance of wheat comprises the following steps:
(1) sowing: 8 seeds with uniform wheat grain sizes are sown in each flowerpot, and 6 pots are planted in each wheat material; when the wheat plants grow to three leaves, transferring the wheat plants into a vernalization chamber for low-temperature vernalization;
(2) vernalization treatment: the vernalization temperature is 2 ℃, the illumination time is 12 hours, and the vernalization time is 6 weeks;
(3) low-temperature treatment and illumination setting under zero: before the low-temperature treatment at the subzero temperature, watering in a proper amount to ensure that the soil in each pot maintains a certain humidity so as to prevent the freeze-drying phenomenon during the low-temperature treatment; setting 6 subzero low-temperature treatment temperatures at night, namely-5 ℃, 10 ℃, 13 ℃, 15 ℃, 17 ℃ and 18 ℃, respectively, treating 1 night at each low-temperature, maintaining for 12 hours at 20:00 night to 8:00 next day, and turning off light; the temperature under illumination in the daytime is the same as the temperature during vernalization treatment, the temperature is set to be 2 ℃, the illumination time is 12 hours and the time is 8:00 to 20:00 at night;
(4) investigation of survival of wheat seedlings after low-temperature treatment: after the wheat material is processed at low temperature, immediately transferring the wheat material to a buffer room at 15 ℃, slowly melting ice for 24 hours under illumination, then moving the wheat material to an intelligent greenhouse or an outdoor place with proper temperature and illumination for growth, carrying out normal management, and carrying out live seedling statistics after 2 weeks of growth; after low-temperature treatment, the higher the survival rate of the wheat seedlings, the better the cold resistance of the wheat seedlings; the survival wheat seedlings can continue to grow until the wheat seedlings are mature;
(5) the classification standard of the cold resistance of wheat is as follows:
according to the survival degree of common winter wheat seedlings under different low-temperature treatments, the cold resistance of common winter wheat is divided into 5 types of poor, good and strong; the specific definition standard is as follows:
if the wheat seedlings cannot survive under the treatment of the temperature of higher than or equal to-5 ℃, the cold resistance is poor;
if the wheat seedlings can not survive under the treatment of the temperature of less than-10 ℃, but can survive under the treatment of the temperature of less than-5 ℃ and higher than or equal to-10 ℃, the cold resistance is poor;
if the wheat seedlings can not survive under the treatment of the temperature lower than-13 ℃, but can survive under the treatment of the temperature lower than-10 ℃ and higher than or equal to-13 ℃, the cold resistance is good;
if the wheat seedlings can not survive under the treatment of the temperature of below-15 ℃, but can survive under the treatment of the temperature of below-13 ℃ and the temperature of above or equal to-15 ℃, the cold resistance is better;
if the wheat seedlings are still alive under the treatment of the temperature of below 15 ℃ below zero, the cold resistance is strong.
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