CN108359086A - 一种具有杀菌性能的可生物降解农用地膜的制备方法 - Google Patents

一种具有杀菌性能的可生物降解农用地膜的制备方法 Download PDF

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CN108359086A
CN108359086A CN201810084486.XA CN201810084486A CN108359086A CN 108359086 A CN108359086 A CN 108359086A CN 201810084486 A CN201810084486 A CN 201810084486A CN 108359086 A CN108359086 A CN 108359086A
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CN108359086B (zh
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王蕾
张敏
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Shaanxi University of Science and Technology
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Abstract

一种具有杀菌性能的可生物降解农用地膜的制备方法,先将纯化后的PBS和2,3‑环氧丙基三甲基氯化铵在氯仿中溶解,再升高温度,本发明通过PBS端基的反应得到季胺化PBS改性物。将改性物用蒸馏水洗涤,在工业酒精中析出、提纯。将提纯后的改性物放入40℃的真空干燥箱中干燥24h,即得到最终产品。该产品不但增加了PBS的力学性能、热性能,而且由于加入了2,3‑环氧丙基三甲基氯化铵这个阳离子杀菌剂,使改性后的PBS具有了杀菌性能,从而扩宽了可生物降解材料的使用范围,符合现代高分子化学品的发展趋势。

Description

一种具有杀菌性能的可生物降解农用地膜的制备方法
技术领域
本发明涉及农用地膜生产领域,具体涉及一种具有杀菌性能的可生物降解农用地膜的制备方法。
背景技术
近年来,可生物降解农用地膜已经成为研究的热点之一,国内外有大量的文献、专利及相应的产品出现。可生物降解材料因其良好的生物降解性而替代普通塑料地膜在农用地膜领域得到广泛的推广和应用,其中聚丁二酸丁二醇酯(PBS)是目前人们比较关注的脂肪族聚脂类可生物降解高分子材料。PBS是一种典型的半晶质的热塑性塑料,具有良好的生物降解性和优良的力学性能以及易于加工等特点,被广泛应用于农业和其它各个领域。
但是土壤中含有的大肠杆菌、金黄色葡萄糖球菌等对农产品存在一定的污染,容易进一步危害人类健康。而季铵盐是在阳离子表面活性剂中主要用作杀菌剂使用的,阳离子型杀菌剂具有广谱杀菌性,产品毒性小、生物降解性好、对环境没有不良影响,而且具有适用范围广,性能稳定等优点。阳离子型杀菌剂已经广泛应用于医疗、工业、农业等各个领域,与人们的生活息息相关。
发明内容
为了同时解决农业地膜不可降解对环境的危害,以及土壤中有害菌对人类健康的危害,本发明的目的是提供一种具有杀菌性能的可生物降解农用地膜的制备方法。
为达到上述目的,本发明采用的技术方案是:
第一步,按质量份数取20份的PBS,2-5份的2,3-环氧丙基三甲基氯化铵加入到100-150份的氯仿中搅拌下于35-55℃反应;
第二步,将反应产物趁热倒入蒸馏水中水洗除去未反应的2,3-环氧丙基三甲基氯化铵,静置分液,去除溶液,将沉淀物倒入工业酒精中析出、提纯,将提纯后的改性物放入40℃的真空干燥箱中干燥,即得最终季胺化PBS产物,然后成膜。
所述第一步中的PBS是将PBS溶解于氯仿中在工业酒精中析出的经提纯后的 PBS。
所述第一步的反应时间为18-24h。
本发明采用阳离子季铵盐(2,3-环氧丙基三甲基氯化铵)对可生物降解农用地膜材料端基改性。以2,3-环氧丙基三甲基氯化铵与PBS为反应的原料,在PBS端基发生季胺化反应而将PBS以2,3-环氧丙基三甲基氯化铵封端。这种结构分子中阳离子头基能够紧密的吸附于菌体表面,破坏菌体的细胞膜,可导致菌体自溶死亡,而长链酯基结构可进一步渗透到菌体内部,使菌体蛋白变性,从而有效起到杀菌作用。本发明的化合物的反应路线为:
本发明具有如下优点:
1、本发明的季胺化PBS中含有阳离子季铵盐2,3-环氧丙基三甲基氯化铵,使产品具有了一定的杀菌性能。
2、本发明的季胺化PBS,改性了PBS的端基,从而使材料的力学性能、热性能都有所提高,使材料的应用更广泛。
3、本发明采用的原料来源广泛、合成工艺简单、反应条件温和,符合高分子生产“绿色化”的要求。
具体实施方式
下面结合实施例对本发明进行进一步详细说明。
实施例1:
第一步,将PBS溶解于氯仿中在工业酒精中析出得提纯后的PBS,按质量份数取20份的提纯后的PBS,5份的2,3-环氧丙基三甲基氯化铵加入到150份的氯仿中搅拌下于55℃反应24h;
第二步,将反应产物趁热倒入蒸馏水中水洗3次除去未反应的2,3-环氧丙基三甲基氯化铵,静置分液,去除溶液,将沉淀物倒入工业酒精中析出、提纯,将提纯后的改性物放入40℃的真空干燥箱中干燥,即得最终季胺化PBS产物,然后成膜。
实施例2:
第一步,将PBS溶解于氯仿中在工业酒精中析出得提纯后的PBS,按质量份数取20份的提纯后的PBS,3份的2,3-环氧丙基三甲基氯化铵加入到130份的氯仿中搅拌下于35℃反应18h;
第二步,将反应产物趁热倒入蒸馏水中水洗3次除去未反应的2,3-环氧丙基三甲基氯化铵,静置分液,去除溶液,将沉淀物倒入工业酒精中析出、提纯,将提纯后的改性物放入40℃的真空干燥箱中干燥,即得最终季胺化PBS产物,然后成膜。
实施例3:
第一步,将PBS溶解于氯仿中在工业酒精中析出得提纯后的PBS,按质量份数取20份的提纯后的PBS,2份的2,3-环氧丙基三甲基氯化铵加入到100份的氯仿中搅拌下于45℃反应21h;
第二步,将反应产物趁热倒入蒸馏水中水洗3次除去未反应的2,3-环氧丙基三甲基氯化铵,静置分液,去除溶液,将沉淀物倒入工业酒精中析出、提纯,将提纯后的改性物放入40℃的真空干燥箱中干燥,即得最终季胺化PBS产物,然后成膜。
采用以抑菌圈实验法测试本发明制备的具有杀菌性能的可生物降解农用地膜的杀菌抑菌能力,分别将实施例1、实施例2、实施例3所得产物成膜后,剪成直径1cm 的圆片。将灭菌后的琼脂培养基倒入培养皿中(已灭菌),制成平板,然后取浓度为 106个/mL的菌悬液大肠杆菌菌悬液0.1mL置于平板上,用刮刀涂布均匀。将本发明的农用地膜剪成的1cm的圆片置于平板上(每个实施例样品分别做2个平行实验,放到不同的培养皿中)。再将培养皿置于37℃的恒温培养箱中,24h后测定试样周围抑菌圈的大小,以抑菌圈直径的平均值作为评价抗菌性能的依据,结果如下表所示。从表中结果可知,本发明制备的具有杀菌性能的可生物降解农用地膜对大肠杆菌具有非常好的杀菌性能。
样品编号 抑菌圈直径的平均值(mm)
实施例1 18.4
实施例2 17.2
实施例3 16.4

Claims (3)

1.一种具有杀菌性能的可生物降解农用地膜及其制备方法,其特征在于包括以下步骤:
第一步,按质量份数取20份的PBS,2-5份的2,3-环氧丙基三甲基氯化铵加入到100-150份的氯仿中搅拌下于35-55℃反应;
第二步,将反应产物趁热倒入蒸馏水中水洗除去未反应的2,3-环氧丙基三甲基氯化铵,静置分液,去除溶液,将沉淀物倒入工业酒精中析出、提纯,将提纯后的改性物放入40℃的真空干燥箱中干燥,即得最终季胺化PBS产物,然后成膜。
2.根据权利要求1所述的具有杀菌性能的可生物降解农用地膜及其制备方法,其特征在于:所述第一步中的PBS是将PBS溶解于氯仿中在工业酒精中析出的经提纯后的PBS。
3.根据权利要求1所述的具有杀菌性能的可生物降解农用地膜及其制备方法,其特征在于:所述第一步的反应时间为18-24h。
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Citations (4)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
KR101034049B1 (ko) * 2010-08-16 2011-05-11 주식회사 폴리사이언텍 저탄소 친환경 폴리락타이드계 마이크로퍼포레이트 필름
CN104371230A (zh) * 2014-11-13 2015-02-25 无锡中洁能源技术有限公司 一种太阳能电池用背膜材料及其制备方法
CN107188991A (zh) * 2017-05-16 2017-09-22 武汉理工大学 乳酸链球菌肽接枝壳聚糖季铵盐及其制备方法和用途
CN107353398A (zh) * 2017-08-07 2017-11-17 南方医科大学南方医院 一种水溶性不饱和脂肪族聚酯及其制备方法和应用

Patent Citations (4)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
KR101034049B1 (ko) * 2010-08-16 2011-05-11 주식회사 폴리사이언텍 저탄소 친환경 폴리락타이드계 마이크로퍼포레이트 필름
CN104371230A (zh) * 2014-11-13 2015-02-25 无锡中洁能源技术有限公司 一种太阳能电池用背膜材料及其制备方法
CN107188991A (zh) * 2017-05-16 2017-09-22 武汉理工大学 乳酸链球菌肽接枝壳聚糖季铵盐及其制备方法和用途
CN107353398A (zh) * 2017-08-07 2017-11-17 南方医科大学南方医院 一种水溶性不饱和脂肪族聚酯及其制备方法和应用

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