CN108353949B - Preservative for inhibiting grape fruit particles from falling off and preparation method and application thereof - Google Patents

Preservative for inhibiting grape fruit particles from falling off and preparation method and application thereof Download PDF

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CN108353949B
CN108353949B CN201810082743.6A CN201810082743A CN108353949B CN 108353949 B CN108353949 B CN 108353949B CN 201810082743 A CN201810082743 A CN 201810082743A CN 108353949 B CN108353949 B CN 108353949B
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preservative
extraction
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inhibiting
chinese herbal
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游向荣
李明娟
周葵
张雅媛
王颖
卫萍
谢小强
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Guangxi Zhuang Nationality Autonomous Region Academy of Agricultural Sciences
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    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
    • A01N—PRESERVATION OF BODIES OF HUMANS OR ANIMALS OR PLANTS OR PARTS THEREOF; BIOCIDES, e.g. AS DISINFECTANTS, AS PESTICIDES OR AS HERBICIDES; PEST REPELLANTS OR ATTRACTANTS; PLANT GROWTH REGULATORS
    • A01N65/00—Biocides, pest repellants or attractants, or plant growth regulators containing material from algae, lichens, bryophyta, multi-cellular fungi or plants, or extracts thereof
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
    • A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
    • A01G17/00—Cultivation of hops, vines, fruit trees, or like trees
    • A01G17/02—Cultivation of hops or vines
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
    • A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
    • A01G7/00—Botany in general
    • A01G7/06—Treatment of growing trees or plants, e.g. for preventing decay of wood, for tingeing flowers or wood, for prolonging the life of plants
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
    • A01N—PRESERVATION OF BODIES OF HUMANS OR ANIMALS OR PLANTS OR PARTS THEREOF; BIOCIDES, e.g. AS DISINFECTANTS, AS PESTICIDES OR AS HERBICIDES; PEST REPELLANTS OR ATTRACTANTS; PLANT GROWTH REGULATORS
    • A01N43/00—Biocides, pest repellants or attractants, or plant growth regulators containing heterocyclic compounds
    • A01N43/02—Biocides, pest repellants or attractants, or plant growth regulators containing heterocyclic compounds having rings with one or more oxygen or sulfur atoms as the only ring hetero atoms
    • A01N43/04—Biocides, pest repellants or attractants, or plant growth regulators containing heterocyclic compounds having rings with one or more oxygen or sulfur atoms as the only ring hetero atoms with one hetero atom
    • A01N43/06—Biocides, pest repellants or attractants, or plant growth regulators containing heterocyclic compounds having rings with one or more oxygen or sulfur atoms as the only ring hetero atoms with one hetero atom five-membered rings
    • A01N43/12—Biocides, pest repellants or attractants, or plant growth regulators containing heterocyclic compounds having rings with one or more oxygen or sulfur atoms as the only ring hetero atoms with one hetero atom five-membered rings condensed with a carbocyclic ring
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
    • A01N—PRESERVATION OF BODIES OF HUMANS OR ANIMALS OR PLANTS OR PARTS THEREOF; BIOCIDES, e.g. AS DISINFECTANTS, AS PESTICIDES OR AS HERBICIDES; PEST REPELLANTS OR ATTRACTANTS; PLANT GROWTH REGULATORS
    • A01N43/00—Biocides, pest repellants or attractants, or plant growth regulators containing heterocyclic compounds
    • A01N43/48—Biocides, pest repellants or attractants, or plant growth regulators containing heterocyclic compounds having rings with two nitrogen atoms as the only ring hetero atoms
    • A01N43/58—1,2-Diazines; Hydrogenated 1,2-diazines
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
    • A01N—PRESERVATION OF BODIES OF HUMANS OR ANIMALS OR PLANTS OR PARTS THEREOF; BIOCIDES, e.g. AS DISINFECTANTS, AS PESTICIDES OR AS HERBICIDES; PEST REPELLANTS OR ATTRACTANTS; PLANT GROWTH REGULATORS
    • A01N45/00—Biocides, pest repellants or attractants, or plant growth regulators, containing compounds having three or more carbocyclic rings condensed among themselves, at least one ring not being a six-membered ring
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    • A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
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    • A01N55/00—Biocides, pest repellants or attractants, or plant growth regulators, containing organic compounds containing elements other than carbon, hydrogen, halogen, oxygen, nitrogen and sulfur
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
    • A01N—PRESERVATION OF BODIES OF HUMANS OR ANIMALS OR PLANTS OR PARTS THEREOF; BIOCIDES, e.g. AS DISINFECTANTS, AS PESTICIDES OR AS HERBICIDES; PEST REPELLANTS OR ATTRACTANTS; PLANT GROWTH REGULATORS
    • A01N65/00—Biocides, pest repellants or attractants, or plant growth regulators containing material from algae, lichens, bryophyta, multi-cellular fungi or plants, or extracts thereof
    • A01N65/40—Liliopsida [monocotyledons]
    • A01N65/48—Zingiberaceae [Ginger family], e.g. ginger or galangal

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Abstract

The invention provides a preservative for inhibiting grape fruit particles from falling off, and a preparation method and application thereof, belonging to the field of food preservation, wherein the preservative comprises the following components in parts by weight per liter of solution: contains 10-30 mg of selenocarrageenan, 15-45 mg of selenoglycan, 10-30 mg of maleic hydrazide, 20-40 mg of gibberellin and 120-200 g of Chinese herbal medicine extract; the invention also provides a preparation method and an application method of the preservative. The preservative is prepared from the Chinese herbal medicine extract, phytohormone and organic selenium which are harmless to the environment, is used in the flowering period and the young fruit period of the grapes, and can effectively control the fruit grain falling condition of the fresh grapes in the preservation process after the grapes are picked.

Description

Preservative for inhibiting grape fruit particles from falling off and preparation method and application thereof
[ technical field ] A method for producing a semiconductor device
The invention relates to the field of food preservation, in particular to a preservative for inhibiting grape fruit particles from falling off and a preparation method and application thereof.
[ technical background ] A method for producing a semiconductor device
The grapes occupy an important position in the world and the production of fruit trees in China, are one of six main tree species mainly planted in fruit trees in China, and are also a favorite raw food and processed fruit for people. However, with the rapid development of the grape industry in China, huge pressure exists in the links of storage, transportation and preservation of the picked grapes. At present, about 30-35% of grapes are subjected to fruit quality reduction and even mildew due to improper post-harvest fresh-keeping measures, and the phenomenon that fruit grains fall off after the grapes are harvested is one of the main reasons for causing the fruit quality reduction and influencing the commodity value of the grapes. According to statistics, the fruit loss caused by the dropping of the picked grapes accounts for about 20% of the fresh-keeping loss of the picked grapes in storage and transportation. The characteristic greatly inhibits the development of the grape industry in the domestic market.
At present, in grape storage, low-temperature refrigeration and sulfur dioxide treatment are the methods generally adopted at present. The storage temperature of the grapes is generally-1-0 ℃, when the low-temperature preservation relative humidity is low, the grape spike stems are easy to dry, grain falling is caused, the grapes are taken out from the low-temperature environment, and the grain falling is particularly serious when the grapes are sold in the normal-temperature environment. At present, sulfur dioxide and sulfide are still widely used as chemical antiseptic and antibacterial agents with main components in the storage and transportation of picked grapes, sulfur dioxide residue is easy to cause environmental and food pollution and harm human health, and the requirements of current consumer groups can not be met along with the worry of consumers about the potential safety hazards of eating.
[ summary of the invention ]
In view of the problems, the invention provides the preservative for inhibiting the grape fruit grain from falling off and the preparation method and the application thereof.
The technical scheme of the invention is as follows:
an antistaling agent for inhibiting grape fruit particles from falling off is prepared from the following components in parts by weight per liter of solution: contains 10-30 mg of selenocarrageenan, 15-45 mg of selenoglycan, 10-30 mg of maleic hydrazide, 20-40 mg of gibberellin and 120-200 g of Chinese herbal medicine extract.
Further, the selenium content of the seleno-carrageenan liquid is 2.0-2.2 g/L.
Furthermore, the selenium content of the selenoglycan is 2.7-3.0 g/L.
Further, the Chinese herbal medicine extracting solution comprises the following raw materials in parts by weight: 12-18 parts of curculigo orchioides, 10-15 parts of bidens alba, 12-16 parts of centella asiatica, 2-6 parts of abrus cantoniensis hance, 4-9 parts of centipeda minima, 10-15 parts of tripterygium wilfordii, 12-15 parts of curcuma zedoary, 3-8 parts of pseudo-ginseng and 10-15 parts of galangal.
Further, the preparation method of the Chinese herbal medicine extracting solution comprises the following steps:
cutting rhizoma curculiginis, bidens parviflora willd, centella asiatica, abrus cantoniensis hance, centipeda minima and tripterygium wilfordii into small segments of 0.5-1 cm by a chopper, mixing, filling into an ultra-high pressure special sealed bag, and extracting in ultra-high pressure extraction equipment, wherein the extract for extraction is purified water with a solid-to-liquid ratio of 1:3, the extraction operation conditions are that the extraction is carried out at the temperature of 22-28 ℃ and the pressure of 220-400 MPa, the pressure maintaining time is 3-8 minutes, then the extract is collected, the extraction is repeated for 2 times, all the extracts are mixed and then subjected to ultra-filtration extraction, and filtrate is collected to obtain a material 1;
crushing curcuma zedoary, pseudo-ginseng and galangal by using a Chinese herbal medicine crusher, mixing, filling into an ultra-high pressure special sealed bag, and extracting in ultra-high pressure extraction equipment, wherein the extract for extraction is ethanol water solution, the solid-to-liquid ratio is 1:2, the extraction operation conditions are that the extract is collected after the pressure is 220-400 MPa and the pressure maintaining time is 3-8 minutes, the extraction is repeated for 2 times, the ultrafiltration extraction is carried out after all the extracts are mixed, and the filtrate is collected to obtain a material 2;
and mixing the material 1 and the material 2 to obtain the Chinese herbal medicine extracting solution.
Further, the volume fraction of the ethanol aqueous solution at the temperature of 25 ℃ is 30-32%.
Furthermore, the curcuma zedoary, the pseudo-ginseng and the galangal are ground and sieved by a sieve of 60-80 meshes.
Further, ultrafiltration is carried out by adopting a membrane filtration component with 5KD, the operating pressure is 0.4-0.5 MPa, and the temperature is 28-32 ℃.
The invention provides a preparation method of an antistaling agent for inhibiting grape fruit particles from falling off, which comprises the following steps:
respectively dissolving 10-30 mg of maleic hydrazide and 20-40 mg of gibberellin in 10-50 ml of ethylene glycol to obtain a maleic hydrazide ethylene glycol solution and a gibberellin ethylene glycol solution;
adding a maleic hydrazide glycol solution and a gibberellin glycol solution into 120-200 g of the Chinese herbal medicine extract in sequence, mixing and stirring uniformly 10-30 mg of selenocarrageenan and 15-45 mg of selenoglycan, adding purified water until the total volume of the liquid is 1 liter, heating to 65-80 ℃, stirring uniformly, and cooling to room temperature to obtain the preservative.
The invention provides an application method of a preservative for inhibiting grape fruit particles from falling off, which comprises the following steps: the preservative is mixed and diluted with clear water according to the volume ratio of 1:10 to obtain preservative diluent, and the preservative diluent is respectively sprayed on leaf surfaces, flowers and young fruits in the flower bud stage, the flowering stage and the young fruit stage of the grapes, and is sprayed at a rate of 48-50 liters per mu.
The invention provides an antistaling agent for inhibiting grape fruit particles from falling off, a preparation method and application thereof, compared with the prior art, the antistaling agent has the following beneficial effects:
the preservative is prepared from seleno-carrageenan, selenoglycon, maleic hydrazide, gibberellin and Chinese herbal medicine extract which are harmless to the environment according to a specific proportion, and can be used in the flowering period and the young fruit period of grapes, so that the pedicel of the grapes can be thickened, the connection between the pedicel and the fruits can be enhanced, the corrosion of microorganisms and bacteria can be inhibited, and the fruit grain falling-off condition of fresh grapes in the preservation process after harvesting can be effectively controlled.
The applicant finds that the Chinese herbal medicine extracting solution can cooperate with selenocarrageenan, selenate lipopolysaccharide to cooperate with maleic hydrazide and gibberellin to promote the grape plants to absorb the preservative of the invention, wherein the selenocarrageenan and the selenate lipopolysaccharide can be efficiently absorbed by the grape plants under the action of the maleic hydrazide and the gibberellin and are decomposed into elemental selenium again in the plant bodies, and the elemental selenium is combined with amino acid in the plants through the conversion action to form seleno-amino acid and selenoprotein; the Chinese herbal medicine extract plays a role in stimulating plants, so that the absorption of the selenium carrageenan and the selenoglycan in cooperation with the maleic hydrazide and the gibberellin of the grape plants is promoted under the stress environment, the resistance mechanism of the grapes is stimulated, and the grape fruit grains are prevented from falling off.
The Chinese herbal medicine extracting solution is obtained by extracting Chinese herbal medicines under high pressure, extracting common curculigo rhizome, bidens parviflora, centella asiatica, abrus cantoniensis hance, centipeda minima and tripterygium wilfordii with water, and then mixing the water extract with ethanol extracts of curcuma zedoary, pseudo-ginseng and galangal, wherein the obtained Chinese herbal medicine extracting solution is rich in flavonoid compounds, coumarin, asperuloside, viculic acid, ursolic acid, β -sitosterol, chlorogenic acid, triptolide, quercetin, curcumenone, kaempferol, quercetin and other effective components, has the effects of clearing free radicals in organisms, inhibiting growth of bacteria, yeasts and fungi, can effectively play an antioxidant role, promote preservation of fruits and has no toxic or harmful effect, and each technical means adopted by the invention is matched and mutually promoted, and the steps are step by step, and the total technical effect is far higher than the simple addition of the technical means generated by a single technical means.
In a word, the antistaling agent of the invention is prepared by Chinese herbal medicine extract, phytohormone and organic selenium which are harmless to the environment, is used in the flowering period and young fruit period of the grape, can effectively control the shedding situation of fruit grains in the preservation process of the fresh grape after picking, has better effect compared with the conventional antistaling agent aiming at the shedding situation of the fresh grape during the normal temperature transportation and sale process, or the preservation in a refrigeration house and the taking out after preservation, can control the shedding rate of the grape to be less than 8% in 10 days under the normal temperature condition, is less than 4% under the refrigeration condition for 30 days, and is less than 6% under 3 days from the refrigeration environment to the normal temperature environment.
[ detailed description ] embodiments
The following examples may assist those skilled in the art in a more complete understanding of the present invention, but are not intended to limit the invention in any way.
Example 1
An antistaling agent for inhibiting grape fruit particles from falling off comprises, per liter of solution, 10 mg of selenocarrageenan, 15 mg of selenoglycan, 10 mg of maleic hydrazide, 20 mg of gibberellin and 120 g of Chinese herbal medicine extract, wherein the selenium content of the selenocarrageenan liquid is 2.2 g/L, and the selenium content of the selenoglycan is 2.7 g/L;
the preparation method of the Chinese herbal medicine extract comprises the following steps: cutting 12 parts of curculigo orchioides, 10 parts of bidens alba, 12 parts of centella asiatica, 2 parts of abrus cantoniensis hance, 4 parts of centipeda minima and 10 parts of tripterygium wilfordii into small segments of 0.5 cm by a chopper, mixing, putting into an ultra-high pressure special sealed bag, and extracting in ultra-high pressure extraction equipment, wherein the extracting solution is purified water with a solid-to-liquid ratio of 1:3, the extracting operation conditions are that the extracting is carried out at the temperature of 22 ℃ and the pressure of 220MPa, the extracting solution is collected after the pressure maintaining time is 3 minutes, the extracting is repeated for 2 times, the ultra-filtration extraction is carried out after all the extracting solutions are mixed, and the filtrate is collected to obtain a material; crushing 12 parts of curcuma zedoary, 3 parts of pseudo-ginseng and 10 parts of galangal by using a Chinese herbal medicine crusher, sieving the materials with a 60-mesh sieve, mixing the materials, putting the materials into an ultra-high pressure special sealed bag, and then putting the bag into ultra-high pressure extraction equipment for extraction, wherein the extract for extraction is an ethanol water solution, the solid-to-liquid ratio is 1:2, the extraction operation conditions are that the extract is collected after the pressure is 220MPa and the pressure maintaining time is 3 minutes, the extraction is repeated for 2 times, the ultrafiltration extraction is carried out after all the extracts are mixed, and the filtrate is collected to obtain a material 2; mixing the material 1 and the material 2 to obtain a Chinese herbal medicine extracting solution; wherein the volume fraction of the ethanol aqueous solution at the temperature of 25 ℃ is 32%; the ultrafiltration is carried out by adopting a membrane filtration component with 5KD, the operating pressure is 0.4MPa, and the temperature is 28 ℃.
The preparation method of the preservative comprises the following steps: respectively dissolving 10 mg of maleic hydrazide and 20 mg of gibberellin in 10 ml of ethylene glycol to obtain a maleic hydrazide ethylene glycol solution and a gibberellin ethylene glycol solution; adding maleic hydrazide glycol solution and gibberellin glycol solution, 10 mg of selenocarrageenan and 15 mg of selenoglycan into 120 g of Chinese herbal medicine extracting solution in sequence, mixing and stirring uniformly, adding purified water until the total volume of the liquid is 1L, heating to 65 ℃, stirring uniformly, and cooling to room temperature to obtain the preservative.
The application method of the preservative comprises the steps of mixing and diluting the preservative and clear water according to the volume ratio of 1:10 to obtain preservative diluent, spraying the preservative diluent on leaf surfaces, flowers and young fruits respectively in the flower bud stage, the flowering stage and the young fruit stage of the grapes, and spraying 48 liters per mu.
After the extraction by the method, the content of each effective component of the Chinese herbal medicine extract is as shown in the following table 1:
TABLE 1
Flavonoid compounds Triptolide Triptolide ketone Chlorogenic acid Quercetin glycoside Zedoary furanone ketone Borneol (borneol) Kaempferol Quercetin
581mg/L 207mg/L 143mg/L 88mg/L 173mg/L 254mg/L 137mg/L 178mg/L 77mg/L
Example 2
An antistaling agent for inhibiting grape fruit particles from falling off comprises 30 mg of selenocarrageenan, 45 mg of selenoglycan, 30 mg of maleic hydrazide, 40 mg of gibberellin and 200 g of Chinese herbal medicine extract per liter of solution, wherein the selenium content of the selenocarrageenan liquid is 2.1 g/L, and the selenium content of the selenoglycan is 3.0 g/L;
the preparation method of the Chinese herbal medicine extract comprises the following steps: cutting 18 parts of curculigo orchioides, 15 parts of bidens alba, 16 parts of centella asiatica, 6 parts of abrus cantoniensis hance, 9 parts of centipeda minima and 15 parts of tripterygium wilfordii into small segments of 1 cm by a chopper, mixing, filling into an ultra-high pressure special sealed bag, and extracting in ultra-high pressure extraction equipment, wherein the extracting solution is purified water, the solid-to-liquid ratio is 1:3, the extracting operation conditions are that the extracting is carried out at the temperature of 28 ℃ and the pressure of 400MPa, the extracting solution is collected after the pressure maintaining time is 8 minutes, the extracting is repeated for 2 times, the ultra-filtration extraction is carried out after all the extracting solutions are mixed, and the filtrate is collected to obtain a material; crushing 15 parts of curcuma zedoary, 8 parts of pseudo-ginseng and 15 parts of galangal by a Chinese herbal medicine crusher, sieving with a 70-mesh sieve, mixing, filling into an ultra-high pressure special sealed bag, and then putting into ultra-high pressure extraction equipment for extraction, wherein the extract for extraction is an ethanol water solution, the solid-to-liquid ratio is 1:2, the extraction operation conditions are that the extract is collected after the pressure is 400MPa and the pressure maintaining time is 8 minutes, the extraction is repeated for 2 times, the ultrafiltration extraction is carried out after all the extracts are mixed, and the filtrate is collected to obtain a material 2; mixing the material 1 and the material 2 to obtain a Chinese herbal medicine extracting solution; wherein the volume fraction of the ethanol aqueous solution at the temperature of 25 ℃ is 31 percent; the ultrafiltration is carried out by adopting a membrane filtration component with 5KD, the operating pressure is 0.5MPa, and the temperature is 32 ℃.
The preparation method of the preservative comprises the following steps: respectively dissolving 30 mg of maleic hydrazide and 40 mg of gibberellin in 50 ml of ethylene glycol to obtain a maleic hydrazide ethylene glycol solution and a gibberellin ethylene glycol solution; adding a maleic hydrazide glycol solution, a gibberellin glycol solution, 30 mg of selenocarrageenan and 45 mg of selenoglycan into 200 g of Chinese herbal medicine extracting solution in sequence, mixing and stirring uniformly, adding purified water until the total volume of the liquid is 1L, heating to 80 ℃, stirring uniformly, and cooling to room temperature to obtain the preservative.
The application method of the preservative comprises the steps of mixing and diluting the preservative and clear water according to the volume ratio of 1:10 to obtain preservative diluent, spraying the preservative diluent on leaf surfaces, flowers and young fruits respectively in the flower bud stage, the flowering stage and the young fruit stage of the grapes, and spraying 49 liters per mu.
After the extraction by the method, the content of each effective component of the Chinese herbal medicine extract is as follows 2:
TABLE 2
Flavonoid compounds Triptolide Triptolide ketone Chlorogenic acid Quercetin glycoside Zedoary furanone ketone Borneol (borneol) Kaempferol Quercetin
585mg/L 203mg/L 142mg/L 85mg/L 200mg/L 267mg/L 142mg/L 203mg/L 79mg/L
Example 3
An antistaling agent for inhibiting grape fruit particles from falling off comprises 20 mg of selenocarrageenan, 30 mg of selenoglycan, 20 mg of maleic hydrazide, 30 mg of gibberellin and 160 g of Chinese herbal medicine extract per liter of solution, wherein the selenium content of the selenocarrageenan liquid is 2.0 g/L, and the selenium content of the selenoglycan is 2.8 g/L;
the preparation method of the Chinese herbal medicine extract comprises the following steps: cutting 16 parts of curculigo orchioides, 12 parts of bidens alba, 14 parts of centella asiatica, 4 parts of abrus cantoniensis hance, 5 parts of centipeda minima and 12 parts of tripterygium wilfordii into small segments of 0.7 cm by a chopper, mixing, putting into an ultra-high pressure special sealed bag, and then putting into ultra-high pressure extraction equipment for extraction, wherein the extract for extraction is purified water, the solid-to-liquid ratio is 1:3, the extraction operation conditions are that the extraction is carried out at the temperature of 26 ℃ and the pressure of 300MPa, the extract is collected after the pressure maintaining time is 5 minutes, the extraction is repeated for 2 times, the ultrafiltration extraction is carried out after all the extracts are mixed, and the filtrate is collected to obtain a material; crushing 14 parts of curcuma zedoary, 6 parts of pseudo-ginseng and 13 parts of galangal by using a Chinese herbal medicine crusher, sieving with a 80-mesh sieve, mixing, filling into an ultra-high pressure special sealed bag, and then putting into ultra-high pressure extraction equipment for extraction, wherein the extract for extraction is an ethanol water solution, the solid-to-liquid ratio is 1:2, the extraction operation conditions are that the extract is collected after the pressure is 310MPa and the pressure maintaining time is 6 minutes, the extraction is repeated for 2 times, the ultrafiltration extraction is carried out after all the extracts are mixed, and the filtrate is collected to obtain a material 2; mixing the material 1 and the material 2 to obtain a Chinese herbal medicine extracting solution; wherein the volume fraction of the ethanol aqueous solution at the temperature of 25 ℃ is 30%; the ultrafiltration is carried out by adopting a membrane filtration component with 5KD, the operating pressure is 0.45MPa, and the temperature is 30 ℃.
The preparation method of the preservative comprises the following steps: respectively dissolving 20 mg of maleic hydrazide and 30 mg of gibberellin in 30 ml of ethylene glycol to obtain a maleic hydrazide ethylene glycol solution and a gibberellin ethylene glycol solution; adding a maleic hydrazide glycol solution, a gibberellin glycol solution, 20 mg of selenocarrageenan and 30 mg of selenoglycan into 160 g of Chinese herbal medicine extracting solution in sequence, mixing and stirring uniformly, adding purified water until the total volume of the liquid is 1L, heating to 72 ℃, stirring uniformly, and cooling to room temperature to obtain the preservative.
The application method of the preservative comprises the steps of mixing and diluting the preservative and clear water according to the volume ratio of 1:10 to obtain preservative diluent, spraying the preservative diluent on leaf surfaces, flowers and young fruits respectively in the flower bud stage, the flowering stage and the young fruit stage of the grapes, and spraying 50 liters per mu.
After the extraction by the method, the content of each effective component of the Chinese herbal medicine extract is as follows 3:
TABLE 3
Flavonoid compounds Triptolide Triptolide ketone Chlorogenic acid Quercetin glycoside Zedoary furanone ketone Borneol (borneol) Kaempferol Quercetin
588mg/L 209mg/L 142mg/L 89mg/L 186mg/L 262mg/L 140mg/L 189mg/L 73mg/L
The experiments were divided into the following groups:
in the experiment of the preservation effect of the grapes, purified water is used as a control group; the chemical preservative group 1 uses a sulfur dioxide preservative; the chemical preservative group 2 uses a sec-butylamine preservative; the biological preservative group 1 uses a tea polyphenol preservative; the group used the example 3 preservative; the application methods of the above groups of fresh keeping are all the same as those of the example 3, and the fresh keeping agent is used for keeping fresh of Kyoho grapes;
observing and recording the shedding rate of grape grains after the fresh-keeping treatment on the 0 th, 5 th, 10 th and 15 th days of the picked grapes at the normal temperature (25 ℃), wherein the results are shown in a table 4;
observing and recording the shedding rate of grape grains of the picked grapes stored for 0, 30, 60 and 90 days under the condition of refrigeration and preservation (-1-0 ℃), wherein the results are shown in table 5;
the dropping rate of grape grains after the fresh-keeping treatment is observed and recorded, the grapes are refrigerated and kept fresh for 30 days at (-1-0 ℃) and then are stored for 0, 1, 3 and 6 days at normal temperature (25 ℃), and the results are shown in table 6.
TABLE 4 grape fruit particle shedding Rate
Rate of fruit drop Day 0 5 days 10 days 15 days
Control group 0 12.3％ 67.7％ 93.0％
Chemical antistaling agent group 1 0 8.2％ 24.5％ 67.2％
Chemical antistaling agent group 2 0 6.4％ 17.9％ 63.8％
Biological antistaling agent group 1 0 4.7％ 23.7％ 72.4％
Group of the present application 0 2.1％ 7.7％ 33.9％
TABLE 5 grape fruit particle shedding Rate
Figure BDA0001561497720000071
Figure BDA0001561497720000081
TABLE 6 grape fruit particle shedding Rate
Rate of fruit drop Day 0 1 day 3 days 6 days
Control group 12.4％ 21.2％ 27.5％ 46.2％
Chemical antistaling agent group 1 6.3％ 9.1％ 11.6％ 23.8％
Chemical antistaling agent group 2 6.9％ 11.2％ 17.7％ 28.6％
Biological antistaling agent group 1 6.7％ 8.7％ 14.6％ 34.7％
Group of the present application 3.9％ 4.0％ 5.6％ 14.7％
Wherein, the shedding rate (%) of the grape fruit particles is × 100% of the weight of the shed fruit particles/the total weight of the grapes
The results in tables 4-6 show that: the grape shattering rate of the antistaling agent can be controlled to be lower than 8% in 10 days at normal temperature, lower than 4% in 30 days under the refrigeration condition, and lower than 6% in 3 days from the refrigeration environment to the normal temperature environment; the effect of the preservative is far higher than that of other groups, and the preservative has a better inhibiting effect on the shattering condition of the grapes in the normal-temperature transportation and sale process after picking, or in the refrigeration storage and after storage.
Although the invention has been described in detail hereinabove with respect to a general description and specific embodiments thereof, it will be apparent to those skilled in the art that modifications or improvements may be made thereto based on the invention. Accordingly, such modifications and improvements are intended to be within the scope of the invention as claimed.

Claims (8)

1. The preservative for inhibiting the shedding of grape fruit particles is characterized in that the preservative is calculated by each liter of solution: contains 10-30 mg of selenocarrageenan, 15-45 mg of selenoglycan, 10-30 mg of maleic hydrazide, 20-40 mg of gibberellin and 120-200 g of Chinese herbal medicine extract;
the Chinese herbal medicine extracting solution comprises the following raw materials in parts by weight: 12-18 parts of curculigo orchioides, 10-15 parts of bidens alba, 12-16 parts of centella asiatica, 2-6 parts of abrus cantoniensis hance, 4-9 parts of centipeda minima, 10-15 parts of tripterygium wilfordii, 12-15 parts of curcuma zedoary, 3-8 parts of pseudo-ginseng and 10-15 parts of galangal;
the preparation method of the Chinese herbal medicine extract comprises the following steps:
cutting rhizoma curculiginis, bidens parviflora willd, centella asiatica, abrus cantoniensis hance, centipeda minima and tripterygium wilfordii into small segments of 0.5-1 cm by a chopper, mixing, filling into an ultra-high pressure special sealed bag, and extracting in ultra-high pressure extraction equipment, wherein the extract for extraction is purified water with a solid-to-liquid ratio of 1:3, the extraction operation conditions are that the extraction is carried out at the temperature of 22-28 ℃ and the pressure of 220-400 MPa, the pressure maintaining time is 3-8 minutes, then the extract is collected, the extraction is repeated for 2 times, all the extracts are mixed and then subjected to ultra-filtration extraction, and filtrate is collected to obtain a material 1;
crushing curcuma zedoary, pseudo-ginseng and galangal by using a Chinese herbal medicine crusher, mixing, filling into an ultra-high pressure special sealed bag, and extracting in ultra-high pressure extraction equipment, wherein the extract for extraction is ethanol water solution, the solid-to-liquid ratio is 1:2, the extraction operation conditions are that the extract is collected after the pressure is 220-400 MPa and the pressure maintaining time is 3-8 minutes, the extraction is repeated for 2 times, the ultrafiltration extraction is carried out after all the extracts are mixed, and the filtrate is collected to obtain a material 2;
and mixing the material 1 and the material 2 to obtain the Chinese herbal medicine extracting solution.
2. The preservative for inhibiting the shedding of the grape fruit particles according to claim 1, wherein the selenium content of the selenocarrageenan liquid is 2.0-2.2 g/L.
3. The preservative for inhibiting the shedding of the grape fruit particles according to claim 1, wherein the selenoglycan has a selenium content of 2.7-3.0 g/L.
4. The preservative for inhibiting the shedding of the grape fruit particles according to claim 1, wherein the volume fraction of the ethanol aqueous solution at the temperature of 25 ℃ is 30-32%.
5. The preservative for inhibiting the shedding of the grape fruit particles as claimed in claim 1, wherein the curcuma zedoary, the pseudo-ginseng and the galangal are crushed and sieved by a sieve of 60-80 meshes.
6. The preservative for inhibiting the grape fruit particles from falling off as claimed in claim 1, wherein ultrafiltration is carried out by adopting a membrane filtration component with 5KD, the operating pressure is 0.4-0.5 MPa, and the temperature is 28-32 ℃.
7. The method for preparing the antistaling agent for inhibiting the shedding of the grape fruit particles according to any one of claims 1 to 6, which is characterized by comprising the following steps:
respectively dissolving 10-30 mg of maleic hydrazide and 20-40 mg of gibberellin in 10-50 ml of ethylene glycol to obtain a maleic hydrazide ethylene glycol solution and a gibberellin ethylene glycol solution;
adding a maleic hydrazide glycol solution and a gibberellin glycol solution into 120-200 g of the Chinese herbal medicine extract in sequence, mixing and stirring uniformly 10-30 mg of selenocarrageenan and 15-45 mg of selenoglycan, adding purified water until the total volume of the liquid is 1 liter, heating to 65-80 ℃, stirring uniformly, and cooling to room temperature to obtain the preservative.
8. The application method of the antistaling agent for inhibiting the shedding of the grape fruit particles according to any one of claims 1 to 6, which is characterized in that: the preservative is mixed and diluted with clear water according to the volume ratio of 1:10 to obtain preservative diluent, and the preservative diluent is respectively sprayed on leaf surfaces, flowers and young fruits in the flower bud stage, the flowering stage and the young fruit stage of the grapes, and is sprayed at a rate of 48-50 liters per mu.
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