CN108351166A - 用于在传送带和转载溜槽中减少矿石水分的方法 - Google Patents

用于在传送带和转载溜槽中减少矿石水分的方法 Download PDF

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CN108351166A
CN108351166A CN201680062394.0A CN201680062394A CN108351166A CN 108351166 A CN108351166 A CN 108351166A CN 201680062394 A CN201680062394 A CN 201680062394A CN 108351166 A CN108351166 A CN 108351166A
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P·T·C·德苏扎
C·M·德阿尔坎塔拉
L·F·劳林多·德萨列斯
S·D·达丰塞卡·西拉·E
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Abstract

描述了一种通过将矿石(2)暴露于热干燥空气流而去除矿石水分(2)的方法。还描述了传送带(13)和转载溜槽(3),其被调适专门用于上述方法。所述方法尤其具有在矿石(2)的运送阶段前减少这种材料中的水分的功能。

Description

用于在传送带和转载溜槽中减少矿石水分的方法
技术领域
本发明是一种用于在矿石材料运送操作前减少矿石水分的方法和设备。
背景技术
传送带和转载溜槽是用于输送多种材料,在这种情况下,用于输送矿石的设备。
传送带由如下装置组成,所述装置基本上由以下形成:环形带,其在两个驱动鼓(驱动与返回)之间延伸;和由层压型材和并置滚筒建构的内部结构,在其上面滑动带能够使位于带上的矿石移动。
转载溜槽由通常用于将材料在以不同方向操作的传送带之间转移的装置组成。此基本上由被装配成介导材料转移的漏斗组成,所述漏斗由相关钢板和磨损材料形成。
在此情况下特别使用传送带和转载溜槽,以传送通过导轨到达登入端的矿石。在成堆均质化和矿石回收后,此经过传送带和转载溜槽到船,以输送到最终目的地。然而,并不罕见的是,这类设备输送矿石会具有相当大的水分含量,这是海运的一个不利特征。
矿石的水分含量给其运送带来严重的缺点。第一个与运费成本有关,因为所输送的水的每个单元都代表着额外费用,例如当出售的矿石是以干物质计来评估时对供应商的罚金。另外,其减少矿石输送能力,引起重大损失。
然而,众所周知,过度潮湿的块状固体货物的海运可能暗含着倾覆和货船沉没的风险,这是因为一种称为“颗粒负载液化”的现象,其是在潮湿的矿石面对船的平衡、船只的发动机振动和大海对船体的连续冲击时发生的。当矿石的水分百分比超过与流动水分点(Flow Moisture Point,FMP)相对应的值并且矿石经历这类振动条件时,其可能液化。当材料液化时,此粘性混合物可能在船舱中不当地移动到底部和/或墙壁,失去平衡,并且由于作用于矿石货物/船的惯性力而最终引起船沉没。
为了防止输送具有高水分含量的矿石,政府的技术标准建立了TML(适运水分极限),其是为适合于输送船只,矿石必须含有的水分的最大量。实际上,TML采用的值等于FMP的90%。
因此,在材料运送前使用确保满足关于矿石水分的TML要求的设备和方法是极其重要的。
在现有技术水平下,可以使用不同类型的干燥设备,例如回转窖。这些装置主要由于高的能耗而通常具有高的安装、操作和维护成本。另外,需要这类干燥设备与输送设备(尤其传送带、溜槽)串联安装。因此,在用于安装这类干燥设备的输送管线中需要作出改变,使得因需要更多空间而改变布局-工艺流程图。然而,将在用于安装的输送管线中花费更长的中断时间,这显著提高了成本并且大大破坏生产流程,还暗含着大的堆货场区域的需求。
因此,使用现有技术水平干燥设备减少矿石水分暗含着高成本的设备采购、安装、操作和维护。
现有技术水平还包括用于食品和其它材料干燥或甚至脱水的装置。这种设备之一揭露在文献US2395933中。
US2395933中公开的设备被设定成产生热空气流,所述热空气流被引导到传送带输送的材料中。这类设备包含传送带、风扇、加热器和特定仪表。
传送带被设定成将材料沿着机器输送,并隔离环境以使风扇所吹的空气保留在机器内部。
风扇被设定成将空气吹入设备中,并且其与加热器串联安装。风扇叶片被设定成将风扇所吹的空气引导到所输送的材料中。这些可以定向为最适宜所述过程的方向,使得带上存在的所有材料都脱水。还测量温度、空气湿度和材料以及所涉及的其它变量。
虽然文献US2395933中所公开的设备使在带上输送的产品的水分减少,但其不适合于减少矿石水分。上述文献设备先前未将水分从所述过程使用的空气去除,从而使得其在干燥材料期间展示较低效率。
现有技术水平中包含的其它设备公开于文献US2415738中。此文献呈现了用于将含纤维素的产品、食品产品和其它工业材料部分脱水的设备。这类设备由处于注射热气体内的隔离环境中的传送带组组成。
设备包含传送带、排气管、气体室、泵和监测系统。传送带所处的环境被隔离成使气体保留在内部,并且泵被设定成将热气注射在所述被隔离的环境中。
进气管负责容许气体进入,而排气管被设定成去除内部环境的过量气体。排气管还允许再次使用所去除的气体,使其返回到干燥室。
测量与过程有关的变量,例如气体温度和流速。变量监测系统允许改变机器设定,确保其功能更佳。
类似于专利文献US2395933,文献US2415738公开了一种减少带中所传送的工业材料中含有的水分的装置,然而,此设备不适合于减少矿石水分。上述文献设备先前未将水分从所述过程使用的空气去除,从而使得其在干燥材料期间展示较低效率和高能耗。
根据这些文献中描述的设备,在现有技术水平下,没有一种方法或设备应用于减少矿石水分到低于TML的百分比,同时具有低安装、操作和维护成本。
发明内容
本发明针对一种在传送带和转载溜槽中以低安装和操作成本减少矿石水分的方法。
本发明还针对一种在传送带和转载溜槽中以低安装和操作成本减少矿石水分的装置。
附图说明
基于对应的图详细地描述本发明∶
图1-描绘被调适成用于本发明所定义的方法的传送带的正视图。
图2-描绘图1中揭露的带的剖面正视图。
图3-描绘被调适成用于本发明的方法的转载溜槽的正视图。
图4-描绘图3中的转载溜槽的剖面正视图。
图5-描绘通过本发明的方法改动的转载溜槽和传送带的组合的正视图。
图6-描绘图5中公开的设定的剖面正视图。
图7-展示本发明的实施方法在其优选使用设定下的流程图。
具体实施方式
如图7中所公开的本发明由减少矿石水分2的方法组成,所述方法包含以下步骤∶
步骤1-将矿石2插入封闭环境中;
步骤2-从大气空气去除水分;
步骤3-加热来自步骤2的大气空气;
步骤4-将来自步骤3的干燥热空气吹入步骤1的含有矿石2的封闭环境中。
步骤2中描绘的从大气空气去除水分优选通过借助于由冷却系统构成的蒸发器单元使空气中存在的水蒸气冷凝来进行(参见图2和4)。
众所周知,冷却系统包含蒸发器单元、冷凝器单元、压缩机和膨胀阀,这些在封闭的热力循环中操作。冷却剂流体在四个元件之间循环,被注射到压缩机中,压缩机对流体做功,因此增加其温度。压缩机后,流体通过旨在使其冷凝的冷凝器,使流体冷却。此外,此流体通过膨胀阀,在膨胀阀中其经受突然压力和温度减少。蒸发器负责蒸发在流体膨胀过程中产生的一部分液体,确保气体/液体混合物完全蒸发并以气体形式返回到压缩机,完成热力循环。
当通过膨胀阀时,喷淋冷却剂流体,达到极低温度。在蒸发单元中,流体经过环绕金属翅片网眼的蛇形管,其功能是增加热交换效率。经过蒸发器盘管的大气空气中的水蒸气在接触冷却系统的蒸发单元所包含的翅片和蛇形管时冷凝。
出于此原因,与冷却系统的蒸发单元接触的大气空气失去水分且其温度降低。一般来说,这是本发明的水分减少方法的步骤2中进行的大气空气干燥的开始。
为加热来自步骤2的干燥空气,其通过电阻器或例如锅炉、直接或间接接触的煤气燃烧器等热交换器的线路。此对冷干燥空气的加热是本发明定义的方法的第三步骤。
第四步骤是矿石2暴露于来自步骤3的热干燥空气。这种暴露使用热量和质量转移原理,使注射到封闭环境中的这些热干燥空气从矿体2去除一部分水分。
为了避免步骤4中的热功率损失,应优选用无孔洞并具备热绝缘能力的直立材料覆盖环境。
以上公开的方法应该在传送带13和/或转载溜槽3或允许矿石2和干燥热空气连续流动的环境上进行。
本文的图1和2中所公开的传送带13包含隔绝管道1和干燥热空气供应单元5,所述干燥热空气供应单元包含蒸发器单元15(被设定成用于所述环境中的水蒸气冷凝)、加热单元16和强制通风单元14。优选地,干燥热空气供应单元5与隔绝管道1的内部部分通过进料管道4连通。
为了界定本发明保护的范围,应了解能够通过水蒸气冷凝从大气空气去除水分的任何装置可作为蒸发器单元15。此定义包括空调、风机盘管型装置和其它工业冷藏设备,这些设备使用冷却气体或甚至使用流体、通常冷冻水(利用冷却器获得)的膜,以达到大气空气的湿球温度。
为得到更准确并且更高效的矿石水分去除方法,传送带13在其优选设定下包含至少一个测量装置9和自动化控制器7。测量设备9由如下电子附件组成,例如∶温度计/干球热电偶和湿球、压力表、风速计、空气湿度计、矿石水分计和用于测量矿石和传送带表面温度的红外线接触温度计。
上述测量装置9连接到自动化控制器7,所述自动化控制器由靠近传送带13安装的控制面板组成。自动化控制器7将来自测量设备9所取得的测量结果的信息进行加工,并自动变为传送带13系统的所有元件的功能,主要变化集中在干燥热空气供应单元5。还将系统中获得的信息的历史数据记录和存档。
进行这类改变以控制过程关键参数,从而使得传送带13在最佳过程条件下操作,连续进行监测,从而实现减少矿石水分的最佳结果。
比在传送带13上去除矿石水分的方法更高效的是在转载溜槽3中去除水分。
一般来说,为了界定本发明的范围,转载溜槽可以被定义为设定成以重力输送矿物质的密封容器,其在上部中包含矿石入口17,在下部中包含一个矿石出口18,并且包含中央腔室21。
如在本文的图3和4中所看到,本发明的转载溜槽3的操作原理几乎与传送带13相同。然而,转载溜槽3中的水分减少方法通常比传送带13中更高效,这是因为由于存在带状矿石床的流体化,显著增加暴露区域,使得输送的矿石与来自干燥热空气供应单元5的空气之间的接触表面更大。这类设备可以产生快速干燥法,因为矿物质粒子暴露于干燥热空气的时间仅几秒。
干燥热空气经过与进料管道4结合的干燥热空气供应单元5、经过进气口19,与矿石逆流吹入转载溜槽3内。干燥热空气供应单元5还包括蒸发器单元15、加热单元16、强制通风单元14以及冷却器型水冷却单元。
当干燥热空气接触转载溜槽3中的矿石2时,产生一团悬浮粒子,称为“颗粒材料”。如果未进行适当处理,那么大气中颗粒材料的分布可能引起材料不必要的损失,并且还产生空气污染。
为了解决这个问题,转载溜槽3在其优选设定下包含排气管6,所述排气管将出气口22与隔室11连通。排气管6被设定成去除含有颗粒物质的空气并将其转移到隔室11,所述隔室进行旋风分离法。旋风分离允许收集颗粒物质,使得空气在返回到大气之前变干净。所收集的颗粒物质可以并入留在转载溜槽3中的干燥矿石2或并入已经存放在堆货场的矿石中。可以形成一定量的颗粒物质的循环负载,以防此材料累积和随后处置。
传送带13的排气系统仅仅由一个排气孔6'组成,其被设定成允许饱和湿空气自然地从绝缘管道1中去除,因为带上的颗粒物质未显著排出。应注意,在传送带13上,气流可以与传送带上的矿石逆流和/或并流操作。对于转载溜槽来说,流动仅仅以逆流进行。
近期实验已经显示,对于初始水分含量大约是10-12%的铁矿石的特定情况,本发明能够在传送带13上减少矿石水分达0.5-1.8百分点,并且在转载溜槽3中减少矿石水分达0.5-2.0百分点,这取决于所用的温度和气流的条件。实验设备展示180kw.h的安装功率,为系统提供大约650,000kJ/h的能量。
针对铁矿石中水分减少获得的这些值是非常显著的,因为当其仅仅使用热空气或仅仅使用干燥冷空气去除水分时,实现相同水分百分比要花费高得多的能量。换句话说,可以说干燥热空气供应单元5所包含的蒸发器单元15到加热器单元16的总和展示意外的结果,因为两者的作用组合高于单独采用时这些部分的总和。
也就是说,当以单独形式使用时除湿机制和空气加热机制的使用展示较低的减少铁矿石水分的效率,因为组合的形式使用热量和质量转移原理。因此,能够通过实验观测到干燥热空气用于组合机制使矿体水去除获得较大百分比的增加。
转载溜槽3与传送带13的组合明显提供比使用单独溜槽3或带13更显著的结果。出于此原因,本发明的优选设定包含至少一个与传送带13关联的转载溜槽3,如图5和6所呈现。
最后,可以得出结论,即本发明实现了其意图实现的所有目标,其公开了用于在传送带和转载溜槽上以低安装和操作成本减少矿石水分的方法和设备。
描述了本发明的优选实现的一些实例,值得注意的是本文所具有的保护范围涵盖适合于实施本发明的所有其它替代形式,其仅仅由随附的所要求的表格内容界定和限制。

Claims (17)

1.一种在传送带(13)和转载溜槽(3)上减少矿石水分的方法,其特征在于其包含以下步骤∶
步骤1-将矿石(2)插入封闭和隔离的环境中;
步骤2-去除大气空气水分;
步骤3-加热来自所述步骤2的所述大气空气;
步骤4-将来自步骤3的干燥热空气吹入含有矿石(2)的所述封闭环境中。
2.根据权利要求1所述的在传送带(13)和转载溜槽(3)上减少矿石水分的方法,其特征在于通过使用由冷却系统构成的蒸发器单元(15)从所述大气空气去除所述水分。
3.根据权利要求1所述的在传送带(13)和转载溜槽(3)上减少矿石水分的方法,其特征在于通过使用风机盘管型装置从所述大气空气去除所述水分。
4.根据权利要求1所述的在传送带(13)和转载溜槽(3)上减少矿石水分的方法,其特征在于通过使用电阻进行步骤3以达成加热目的。
5.根据权利要求1所述的在传送带(13)和转载溜槽(3)上减少矿石水分的方法,其特征在于通过使用由锅炉构成的热交换器进行步骤3。
6.根据权利要求1所述的在传送带(13)和转载溜槽(3)上减少矿石水分的方法,其特征在于通过使用直接和/或间接接触的煤气燃烧器进行步骤3。
7.根据权利要求1所述的在传送带(13)和转载溜槽(3)上减少矿石水分的方法,其特征在于步骤1中提及的所述封闭环境由隔绝管道(1)组成,所述隔绝管道由传送带(13)构成。
8.根据权利要求1所述的在传送带(13)和转载溜槽(3)上减少矿石水分的方法,其特征在于步骤1中提及的所述封闭环境由转载溜槽(3)的外部结构组成。
9.根据权利要求1所述的在传送带(13)和转载溜槽(3)上减少矿石水分的方法,其特征在于步骤1中提及的所述封闭环境由隔绝管道(1)组成,所述隔绝管道由连接到转载溜槽(3)的外部结构的传送带(13)构成。
10.一种输送矿石(2)的转载溜槽(3),其特征在于其包含:
一个矿石入口(17);
一个进气口(19);
一个矿石出口(18);以及
一个中央腔室(21);
所述中央腔室(21)放置在所述矿石入口(17)与所述矿石出口(18)之间;并且所述进气口(19)被设定成充气在进入所述溜槽(3)的所述中央腔室(21)之前经历冷凝和加热处理的热干燥空气。
11.根据权利要求10所述的转载溜槽(3),其特征在于其包含排气管(6),所述排气管被设定成在被注射到所述转载溜槽(3)中的空气与所述转载溜槽(3)中含有的矿石(2)接触后去除此空气并将其转移到隔室(11)。
12.根据权利要求11所述的转载溜槽(3),其特征在于转移到所述隔室(11)的所述空气经受旋风分离法,所述旋风分离法被设定成从接触所述矿石(2)的空气去除颗粒材料。
13.一种输送矿石(2)的传送带(13),其特征在于其包含:环绕其结构径向安装的隔绝管道(1),被设定成将所述传送带(13)与外部环境隔离;热干燥空气供应单元(5);以及进料管道(4),被设定成将所述隔绝管道(1)内的环境与所述热干燥空气供应单元(5)以流体方式连通。
14.根据权利要求13所述的传送带(13),其特征在于所述热干燥空气供应单元(5)包含至少一个加热单元(16)。
15.根据权利要求13所述的传送带(13),其特征在于所述热干燥空气供应单元(5)包含至少一个蒸发单元(15)。
16.根据权利要求13所述的传送带(13),其特征在于所述热干燥空气供应单元(5)包含至少一个强制通风单元(14)。
17.根据权利要求13所述的传送带(13),其特征在于其包含排气孔(6'),所述排气孔被设定成从所述隔绝管道(1)内自然地去除湿空气。
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