CN108347231A - A kind of 90 ° of phase shifters in broadband - Google Patents
A kind of 90 ° of phase shifters in broadband Download PDFInfo
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- CN108347231A CN108347231A CN201810085250.8A CN201810085250A CN108347231A CN 108347231 A CN108347231 A CN 108347231A CN 201810085250 A CN201810085250 A CN 201810085250A CN 108347231 A CN108347231 A CN 108347231A
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H03—ELECTRONIC CIRCUITRY
- H03H—IMPEDANCE NETWORKS, e.g. RESONANT CIRCUITS; RESONATORS
- H03H11/00—Networks using active elements
- H03H11/02—Multiple-port networks
- H03H11/16—Networks for phase shifting
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Abstract
A kind of 90 ° of phase shifters in broadband, including resistance R5, resistance R3, capacitance C2,1, controlled current flow resistance unit of operational amplifier A, a phase difference/current conversion unit.The resistance R5, resistance R3, capacitance C2, operational amplifier A 1 and the controlled current flow resistance unit, constitute phase-shift circuit.The phase difference/current conversion unit receives the output signal U o of input signal Uin and operational amplifier A 1, and two paths of signals phase difference is converted into electric current output.The output current of the controlled current flow resistance unit receiving phase difference/current conversion unit, is converted into resistance variations by curent change, controls the phase of output signal of the phase-shift circuit, ensures that the phase-shift circuit input signal and phase of output signal difference are 90 °.Phase shifter of the present invention in wider frequency range, to input frequency variation sinusoidal signal, can adaptive tracing frequency variation realize different frequency under 90 ° of phase shifts.
Description
Technical field
A kind of 90 ° of phase shifters in broadband of the present invention, for carrying out 90 ° of accurate phase shifts to AC sine signal.
Background technology
Optical pumped magnetometer is a kind of weak magnetic survey instrument, with certain gaseous alkali metal atoms (39K, 87Rb, 133Cs etc.) or
Based on Zeemen effect of certain inert gas (3He, 4He) atoms in external magnetic field, make jointly in optical pumping and RF magnetic field
Under, make atom that optical magnetic resonance phenomenon occur, external magnetic field size can determine according to RF magnetic field frequency, according to working method
Difference can be divided into tracking mode and self-excited oscillation type.Two kinds of structure magnetometers are both needed to feeding back to biography after 90 ° of output signal phase shift
Sensor absorption chamber makes the operation material in absorption chamber be modulated to the intensity of light by way of absorption, utilizes photosensitive two pole
Pipe detects that the frequency is directly proportional to external magnetic field by the Strength Changes frequency of modulation light, and then magnetic field value to be measured can be obtained.It moves
Phase error can cause magnetic-field measurement error, so the design of 90 ° of phase-shift networks of high-precision wide band is the key that optical pumped magnetometer skill
One of art.
For the caesium optical pumped magnetometer of geomagnetic field measuring, needing can adaptive frequency variation within the scope of 50KHz-350KHz
Accurate 90 ° of phase-shift circuits, that is, require circuit input frequency when arbitrarily changing within the scope of 50KHz-350KHz, output letter
Number phase difference lags behind always 90 ° of input signal.Current phase-shift circuit is for frequency range is relatively narrow or a certain fixation mostly
The signal of frequency carries out phase shift.Such as application No. is the patent of " 201410411245.3 " describe it is a kind of by means of integral with than
Compared with the phase-shift circuit of device principle, since the charge and discharge process of integral needs the time, so the letter of 10KHz can not be higher than to frequency
Number carry out accurate 90 ° of phase shifts.In addition to this, the phase-shift circuit for also utilizing RLC real-time performances, by adjusting tri- ginsengs of R, L, C
Number, this phase-shift network can carry out accurate 90 ° of phase shifts to fixed Frequency point, once frequency changes, then phase shift angle will
90 ° can be deviateed, therefore cannot achieve 90 ° of phase shifts that adaptive frequency changes in broadband range.In addition to this, it is answered in other engineerings
90 ° of phase shifters in broad frequency range are also needed with field.
Invention content
It is an object of the present invention to overcome the shortcomings of the prior art and provide one kind in wider frequency range, right
Input frequency variation sinusoidal signal, can adaptive tracing frequency variation realize the lower 90 ° of phase shifts of different frequency a kind of broadband
90 ° of phase shifters, the phase shifter can be used for the broadband phase-shift network of caesium optical pumped magnetometer, it can also be used to other similar applications.
The technical solution that the present invention takes is：
A kind of 90 ° of phase shifters in broadband, including 1, resistance R5, resistance R3, capacitance C2, operational amplifier A controlled current flow
Resistance unit, a phase difference/current conversion unit.
The one end resistance R5 connection phase difference/current conversion unit, the one end resistance R5 other ends connection resistance R3,
The reverse input end of operational amplifier A 1, the resistance R3 other ends connect the output end of operational amplifier A 1；
The one end the capacitance C2 connects the one end resistance R5, and the capacitance C2 other ends connect the controlled current flow resistance unit, fortune
Calculate the noninverting input of amplifier A1；
The output end of the operational amplifier A 1 connects the phase difference/current conversion unit, and the phase difference/electric current turns
It changes unit and connects the controlled current flow resistance unit；
The resistance R5, resistance R3, capacitance C2, operational amplifier A 1 and the controlled current flow resistance unit, constitute phase shift
Circuit；
The phase difference/current conversion unit receives the output signal U o of input signal Uin and operational amplifier A 1, by two
Road signal phase difference is converted into electric current output；
The output current of the controlled current flow resistance unit receiving phase difference/current conversion unit, curent change is converted
At resistance variations, the phase of output signal of the phase-shift circuit is controlled, ensures the phase-shift circuit input signal and output signal
Phase difference is 90 °.
The controlled current flow resistance unit includes photo resistance R, light emitting diode D1, light emitting diode D1 and photo resistance
R transparency windows bond together, and heat-shrink tube is used in combination to be packaged, and form 4 port elements；
1. 2. its middle port is respectively with port：Light emitting diode D1 anodes, light emitting diode D1 cathodes；
1. port meets the current output terminal Iout of the phase difference/current conversion unit；
2. port is grounded；
Port 3., port be 4. photo resistance R output pins, 3. middle port connects the input in the same direction of operational amplifier A 1
End, 4. port is grounded.
Phase difference/the current conversion unit includes：
The first via comparator that resistance R1, resistance R4 and comparator A2 are constituted；
The second road comparator that resistance R9, resistance R6 and comparator A3 are constituted；
Two input terminals of output end connection two input and door U1A of the first via comparator；
The output end of first via comparator, the second road comparator is separately connected two input terminals of two inputs and door U1B；
Resistance R2 is connect with capacitance C1, constitutes the low-pass filter of the first via and door output；
Resistance R10 is connect with capacitance C3, constitutes the low-pass filter on the second tunnel and door output；
Output signal after two-way low-pass filtering is respectively connected to be made of operational amplifier A 4 and operational amplifier A 5 two
Road voltage follower：First via voltage follower, No. second voltage follower；
The first via voltage follower output voltage after the potential-divider network being made of resistance R8, R7, with the second tunnel
Voltage follower output voltage together, accesses operational amplifier A 6；
The Current amplifier electricity that the connection of 6 output end of operational amplifier A is made of resistance R11, resistance R13 and PNP triode Q1
Road, the port of the Iout connection controlled current flow resistance units of the current amplification circuit is 1..
Compared with existing 90 ° of phase shifters or phase-shift circuit, a kind of 90 ° of phase shifters in broadband of the present invention, technique effect is as follows：
1, phase shifting accuracy is high：The circuit phase shifting accuracy be by amplifier positive-negative input end voltage difference whether be zero determine, if
It is zero, then phase difference is 90 °, and is broken principle according to operational amplifier void, and positive-negative input end must be consistent, otherwise will be
It is generated under very big gain condition and exports larger voltage output, to control phase-shift circuit into horizontal phasing control, the knot of phase adjustment
Fruit can be adjusted that amplifier input voltage is poor, and it is zero finally to make input voltage difference, therefore the circuit phase shifting accuracy is high.
2, phase shift range is wide：It, can be within the scope of selected electronic component working limit under conditions of selected capacitance
The input sinusoidal signal of optional frequency realizes 90 ° of accurate phase shifts.
3, response tracking speed is fast：Once input sinusoidal signal frequency changes, cause input signal and output signal
Phase difference deviates 90 °, and since operational amplifier is operated in open loop situations, open-loop gain is very big, so to adjusting offset
Control speed is very fast, and phase difference quickly will revert to 90 °.
Description of the drawings
Fig. 1 is 90 ° of phase shifter structure figures in broadband of the present invention.
Fig. 2 is controlled current flow resistance unit schematic diagram of the present invention.
Fig. 3 is phase difference of the present invention/current conversion unit circuit diagram.
Specific implementation mode
As shown in Figure 1, in order to achieve the above-mentioned object of the invention, the technical solution adopted by the present invention：A kind of 90 ° of phase shifts in broadband
Device, including resistance R5, R3, capacitance C2, operational amplifier A 1, a controlled current flow resistance unit and a phase difference/electric current turn
Change unit.Resistance R5, R3, capacitance C2, operational amplifier A 1 constitute phase-shift circuit, phase shift electricity with controlled current flow resistance unit
The input signal on road and the phase difference of output signal are controlled by phase difference/current conversion unit output current.
Described resistance R5, R3, capacitance C2, operational amplifier A 1 constitute phase-shift network with controlled current flow resistance unit, according to
The empty short empty disconnected principle of operational amplifier, takes R5=R3, phase-shift network to realize that 90 ° of phase shifts must satisfy following condition：
In formula：F is input sinusoidal signal frequency, and R is the resistance value of controlled current flow resistance unit.Once capacitance C2It is selected
Afterwards, for different input frequency f, input signal and output signal to be made to keep 90 ° of phase differences, R must be according to different defeated
Enter frequency to be adjusted.
The controlled current flow resistance unit is made of photo resistance R and light emitting diode D1, by light emitting diode with it is photosensitive
Resistance transparency window bonds together, and heat-shrink tube is used in combination to be packaged, and forms 4 port elements, 1. and 2. middle port is hair
1. the anode and cathode of optical diode, middle port meet the electric current output Iout of the phase difference/current conversion unit, port is 2.
Ground connection；3. and 4. port is photo resistance output pin, 3. middle port connects the negative input end of amplifier A1,4. port is grounded.
Since entire device is in sealing state, photo resistance is not illuminated by the light, and 3. and 4. output resistance is very big for port.1. port is noted
Enter electric current, 2. port is grounded after, due to lumination of light emitting diode, light is radiated in photo resistance so that photo resistance
Change with the luminous intensity variations of light emitting diode, therefore change the size of current of injection port 1., you can changes luminous two
Pole tube light-emitting intensity achievees the purpose that change port 3. and 4. output resistance.
Phase difference/the current conversion unit includes：Resistance R1, R4 and comparator A2 constitute first via comparator, resistance
R9, R6 and comparator A3 constitute the second road comparator；The output of first via comparator connects two inputs of two inputs with door U1A
The output of end, the first via and the second road comparator is respectively connected to two input terminals of two inputs and door U1B；Resistance R2 and capacitance
C1 constitutes the low-pass filter of the first via and door output, and resistance R10 and capacitance C3 constitutes the low-pass filtering on the second tunnel and door output
Device；Output signal after two-way low-pass filtering is respectively connected to the two-way voltage follower being made of operational amplifier A 4 and A5；The
Follower output voltage connects with the second tunnel with device output voltage after the potential-divider network being made of resistance R8, R7 all the way
Enter operation amplifier A6；The current amplification circuit that operation amplifier A6 output connections are made of resistance R11, R13 and PNP triode Q1,
The port of the Iout connection controlled current flow resistance units of current amplification circuit is 1..
Resistance R1, R4, comparator A2 constitute first via comparator, and first via comparator becomes sinusoidal signal Uin is inputted
The TTL square-wave signals that duty ratio is 50%, the output square-wave signal are respectively connected to 1 and 2 pins and two of two inputs and door U1A
4 pins of input and door U1B, the waveform of the waveform and input pin 1 and 2 of U1A output pins 3 is completely the same, is for duty ratio
50% square wave.The square wave of the 3 pin output duty cycles 50% of U1A passes through after R1 and C1 low-pass filtering, amplifier A4's
3 foot of positive input terminal generates the DC voltage of VCC/2, takes R8=R7, the DC voltage pass through the voltage that is made of amplifier A4 with
After the potential-divider network constituted with device and by R8, R7, the DC voltage of VCC/4 is generated in 3 foot of negative input end of amplifier A6.
Resistance R9, R6, comparator A3 constitute the second road comparator, and phase-shift circuit is exported sinusoidal signal by the second road comparator
Uo becomes TTL square waves, two input of output square-wave signal access and 5 pins of door U1B, it is assumed that the phase difference of Uin and Uo isThen generating high level in the output pin of U1B 6 isRectangular wave, the duty ratio of waveform isThe 6 pin output duty cycles of U1BSquare wave by R10 and C3 low-pass filtering it
Afterwards, it is generated in 3 foot of positive input terminal of amplifier A5DC voltage, change DC voltage pass through by
After amplifier A5 is formed in voltage follower, it is input to the positive input terminal of amplifier A6.
Amplifier A6 is to export with the second tunnel the DC voltage VCC/4 of first via output straight as error amplifier
StreamDifference be amplified, amplified voltage signal acts on the electric current being made of R11 and Q1
Amplifier, output current signal, which is injected into the 1. port of the controlled current flow resistance, to control controlled current flow
The resistance 3. and 4. resistance value between port.Since amplifier A6 is in open loop working condition, and if only if the straight of first via output
Galvanic electricity presses the DC voltage of VCC/4 and the output of the second tunnelWhen equal, amplifier A6 output voltages are not
Change again, can calculate at this timeThat is the phase difference of Uin and Uo is 90 °.
When the frequency of input signal Uin changes, the phase of the input signal Uin and output signal U o of phase-shift circuit
Difference is not 90 °, then the DC voltage of the DC voltage VCC/4 and the output of the second tunnel of the first via output of amplifier A6Unequal, the output voltage drop of amplifier A6 acts on the current amplifier being made of R11 and Q1
Electric current is generated, to adjust the output resistance of controlled current flow resistance, and then changes the phase difference of Uin and Uo, until the two phase
Difference is 90 °, i.e. the DC voltage of the DC voltage VCC/4 and the output of the second tunnel of the first via output of amplifier A6Until equal.
Due to needing to move output signal within the scope of 50KHz-350KHz for the caesium optical pumped magnetometer of geomagnetic field measuring
Sensor is fed back to after 90 ° of phase, to form a self oscillatory system, oscillation output frequency is proportional to external magnetic field.And this hair
A kind of 90 ° of bright broadband phase shifter, can be used for the broadband phase-shift network of caesium optical pumped magnetometer.
Claims (9)
1. a kind of 90 ° of phase shifters in broadband, including 1, resistance R5, resistance R3, capacitance C2, operational amplifier A controlled current flow electricity
Hinder unit, a phase difference/current conversion unit；It is characterized in that：
The one end the resistance R5 connects the phase difference/current conversion unit, and the resistance R5 other ends connect the one end resistance R3, operation
The reverse input end of amplifier A1, the resistance R3 other ends connect the output end of operational amplifier A 1；
The one end the capacitance C2 connects the one end resistance R5, and the capacitance C2 other ends connect the controlled current flow resistance unit, operation is put
The noninverting input of big device A1；
The output end of the operational amplifier A 1 connects the phase difference/current conversion unit, and the phase difference/electric current conversion is single
Member connects the controlled current flow resistance unit；
The resistance R5, resistance R3, capacitance C2, operational amplifier A 1 and the controlled current flow resistance unit, constitute phase-shift circuit；
The phase difference/current conversion unit receives the output signal U o of input signal Uin and operational amplifier A 1, and two-way is believed
Number phase difference is converted into electric current output；
The output current of the controlled current flow resistance unit receiving phase difference/current conversion unit, electricity is converted by curent change
Resistive controls the phase of output signal of the phase-shift circuit, ensures the phase-shift circuit input signal and phase of output signal
Difference is 90 °.
2. a kind of 90 ° of phase shifters in broadband according to claim 1, it is characterised in that：The controlled current flow resistance unit includes
Photo resistance R, light emitting diode D1, light emitting diode D1 bond together with photo resistance R transparency windows, and heat-shrink tube is used in combination to carry out
Encapsulation forms 4 port elements；
1. 2. its middle port is respectively with port：Light emitting diode D1 anodes, light emitting diode D1 cathodes；
1. port meets the current output terminal Iout of the phase difference/current conversion unit；
2. port is grounded；
Port 3., port be 4. photo resistance R output pins, 3. middle port connects the noninverting input of operational amplifier A 1, hold
4. mouth is grounded.
3. a kind of 90 ° of phase shifters in broadband according to claim 1, it is characterised in that：The phase difference/current conversion unit packet
It includes：
The first via comparator that resistance R1, resistance R4 and comparator A2 are constituted；
The second road comparator that resistance R9, resistance R6 and comparator A3 are constituted；
Two input terminals of output end connection two input and door U1A of the first via comparator；
The output end of first via comparator, the second road comparator is separately connected two input terminals of two inputs and door U1B；
Resistance R2 is connect with capacitance C1, constitutes the low-pass filter of the first via and door output；
Resistance R10 is connect with capacitance C3, constitutes the low-pass filter on the second tunnel and door output；
Output signal after two-way low-pass filtering is respectively connected to the two-way electricity being made of operational amplifier A 4 and operational amplifier A 5
Press follower：First via voltage follower, No. second voltage follower；
The first via voltage follower output voltage after the potential-divider network being made of resistance R8, R7, with the second road voltage
Follower output voltage together, accesses operational amplifier A 6；
The current amplification circuit that the connection of 6 output end of operational amplifier A is made of resistance R11, resistance R13 and PNP triode Q1, institute
State the port of Iout connection controlled current flow resistance units of current amplification circuit 1..
4. using 90 ° of a kind of broadband phase-moving method such as any one phase shifter of claim 1-3, it is characterised in that：
Resistance R1, R4, comparator A2 constitute first via comparator, and first via comparator becomes duty by sinusoidal signal Uin is inputted
Than the TTL square-wave signals for 50%, the output square-wave signal be respectively connected to two inputs and door U1A 1 and 2 pins and two input with
4 pins of door U1B, the waveform of the waveform and input pin 1 and 2 of U1A output pins 3 is completely the same, be duty ratio is 50%
Square wave；The square wave of the 3 pin output duty cycles 50% of U1A passes through after R1 and C1 low-pass filtering, in the positive input of amplifier A4
Hold 3 feet to generate the DC voltage of VCC/2, take R8=R7, the DC voltage pass through the voltage follower that is made of amplifier A4 with
And by R8, after the potential-divider network that R7 is constituted, the DC voltage of VCC/4 is generated in 3 foot of negative input end of amplifier A6.
5. using 90 ° of a kind of broadband phase-moving method such as any one phase shifter of claim 1-3, it is characterised in that：
Resistance R9, R6, comparator A3 constitute the second road comparator, and the second road comparator becomes phase-shift circuit output sinusoidal signal Uo
For TTL square waves, 5 pins of output square-wave signal access two input and door U1B, it is assumed that the phase difference of Uin and Uo isThen exist
The output pin 6 of U1B generates high levelRectangular wave, the duty ratio of waveform isU1B's
6 pin output duty cyclesSquare wave by after R10 and C3 low-pass filtering, in the positive input of amplifier A5
3 feet are held to generateDC voltage, change DC voltage and pass through voltage follow is formed in by amplifier A5
After device, it is input to the positive input terminal of amplifier A6.
6. using 90 ° of a kind of broadband phase-moving method such as any one phase shifter of claim 1-3, it is characterised in that：
Amplifier A6 is as error amplifier, by the direct current of the DC voltage VCC/4 of first via output and the output of the second tunnelDifference be amplified, amplified voltage signal acts on the electric current being made of R11 and Q1 and puts
Big device, output current signal, the current signal are injected into the 1. port of the controlled current flow resistance, to control controlled current flow resistance
4. 3. the resistance value between port；Since amplifier A6 is in open loop working condition, and if only if the direct current of first via output
Press the DC voltage of VCC/4 and the output of the second tunnelWhen equal, amplifier A6 output voltages no longer become
Change, can calculate at this timeThat is the phase difference of Uin and Uo is 90 °.
7. using 90 ° of a kind of broadband phase-moving method such as any one phase shifter of claim 1-3, it is characterised in that：Work as input
When the frequency of signal Uin changes, the phase difference of the input signal Uin and output signal U o of phase-shift circuit are not 90 °, then transport
Calculate the DC voltage of the DC voltage VCC/4 and the output of the second tunnel of the first via output of amplifier A6
Unequal, the output voltage drop of operational amplifier A 6 is acted on is produced by the current amplification circuit that resistance R11 and triode Q1 are constituted
Raw electric current to adjust the output resistance of controlled current flow resistance unit, and then changes the phase of input signal Uin and output signal U o
Potential difference, until the two phase difference is 90 °, i.e.,；The DC voltage VCC/4 of the first via output of operational amplifier A 6 and the second road are defeated
The DC voltage gone outUntil equal.
8. such as any one phase shifter of claim 1-3, it is characterised in that：For carrying out 90 ° of accurate shiftings to AC sine signal
Phase.
9. such as any one phase shifter of claim 1-3, it is characterised in that：Broadband phase-shift network for caesium optical pumped magnetometer.
Priority Applications (2)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN201810085250.8A CN108347231B (en) | 2018-01-29 | 2018-01-29 | Broadband 90-degree phase shifter |
| CN202110524143.2A CN113328727A (en) | 2018-01-29 | 2018-01-29 | Broadband 90-degree phase shifting method |
Applications Claiming Priority (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN201810085250.8A CN108347231B (en) | 2018-01-29 | 2018-01-29 | Broadband 90-degree phase shifter |
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| CN202110524143.2A Division CN113328727A (en) | 2018-01-29 | 2018-01-29 | Broadband 90-degree phase shifting method |
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| CN108347231A true CN108347231A (en) | 2018-07-31 |
| CN108347231B CN108347231B (en) | 2021-06-18 |
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| CN202110524143.2A Pending CN113328727A (en) | 2018-01-29 | 2018-01-29 | Broadband 90-degree phase shifting method |
| CN201810085250.8A Active CN108347231B (en) | 2018-01-29 | 2018-01-29 | Broadband 90-degree phase shifter |
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| JPH06296135A (en) * | 1993-04-09 | 1994-10-21 | Fujitsu Ltd | Phase locked loop circuit |
| CN1117231A (en) * | 1993-10-05 | 1996-02-21 | Eta草图制造公司 | Phase difference and amplitude correction circuit |
| US7705667B2 (en) * | 2007-10-10 | 2010-04-27 | Kabushiki Kaisha Toshiba | Filter adjusting circuit |
| CN101958712A (en) * | 2010-11-10 | 2011-01-26 | 南京大学 | Analog phase-locked loop circuit without phase difference |
| CN202018965U (en) * | 2011-02-26 | 2011-10-26 | 任永斌 | Coupler with light-emitting diode (LED) and photoresistor |
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| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| DE4040788A1 (en) * | 1990-12-15 | 1992-06-17 | Univ Chemnitz Tech | Phase-responsive rectifier circuit for AM carrier signal - with sampling of original signal and phase-shifted signal to provide stepped DC output voltage |
| JP2005328272A (en) * | 2004-05-13 | 2005-11-24 | Nec Electronics Corp | Pll circuit and frequency setting circuit using the same |
| CN201590774U (en) * | 2009-12-10 | 2010-09-22 | 厦门科华恒盛股份有限公司 | Autobalance control device for output of inverter |
| CN104506072B (en) * | 2014-11-20 | 2017-11-21 | 许继电气股份有限公司 | A kind of phase-shifting full-bridge peak current control circuitry based on PWM controller |
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2018
- 2018-01-29 CN CN202110524143.2A patent/CN113328727A/en active Pending
- 2018-01-29 CN CN201810085250.8A patent/CN108347231B/en active Active
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|---|---|---|---|---|
| JPH06296135A (en) * | 1993-04-09 | 1994-10-21 | Fujitsu Ltd | Phase locked loop circuit |
| CN1117231A (en) * | 1993-10-05 | 1996-02-21 | Eta草图制造公司 | Phase difference and amplitude correction circuit |
| US7705667B2 (en) * | 2007-10-10 | 2010-04-27 | Kabushiki Kaisha Toshiba | Filter adjusting circuit |
| CN101958712A (en) * | 2010-11-10 | 2011-01-26 | 南京大学 | Analog phase-locked loop circuit without phase difference |
| CN202018965U (en) * | 2011-02-26 | 2011-10-26 | 任永斌 | Coupler with light-emitting diode (LED) and photoresistor |
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| Publication number | Publication date |
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| CN108347231B (en) | 2021-06-18 |
| CN113328727A (en) | 2021-08-31 |
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