CN108335499A - A kind of bus signals mode of priority of dynamic priority grade - Google Patents

A kind of bus signals mode of priority of dynamic priority grade Download PDF

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CN108335499A
CN108335499A CN201711360248.9A CN201711360248A CN108335499A CN 108335499 A CN108335499 A CN 108335499A CN 201711360248 A CN201711360248 A CN 201711360248A CN 108335499 A CN108335499 A CN 108335499A
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vehicle
time
priority
crossing
phase
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CN108335499B (en
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沈峰
祁坤
潘振兴
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Shanghai Seari Intelligent System Co Ltd
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    • GPHYSICS
    • G08SIGNALLING
    • G08GTRAFFIC CONTROL SYSTEMS
    • G08G1/00Traffic control systems for road vehicles
    • G08G1/07Controlling traffic signals
    • G08G1/087Override of traffic control, e.g. by signal transmitted by an emergency vehicle
    • GPHYSICS
    • G08SIGNALLING
    • G08GTRAFFIC CONTROL SYSTEMS
    • G08G1/00Traffic control systems for road vehicles
    • G08G1/07Controlling traffic signals
    • G08G1/08Controlling traffic signals according to detected number or speed of vehicles

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Abstract

The problem of a kind of bus signals mode of priority of dynamic priority grade of the present invention includes two levels, first, public transit vehicle calculates the priority requirement for reaching crossing, the i.e. judgement of public transit vehicle grade according to the actual operation;Second, can be provided the calculating of preferential potentiality, the i.e. judgement of crossing grade according to the current traffic noise prediction in crossing.The present invention reduces negative effect due to public traffic in priority to social traffic and whole system, promotes public traffic in priority effect and crossing traffic efficiency, realize public transit vehicle in each section equiblibrium mass distribution, improve the service level of public transit system.

Description

A kind of bus signals mode of priority of dynamic priority grade
Technical field
The present invention relates to a kind of a kind of representing dynamic level of pixel being combined based on public transit vehicle priority requirement and crossing priority potentiality The bus signals mode of priority, belong to bus signals priority acccess control field.
Background technology
With the continuous quickening of Re-search on Urbanization process, Chinese city quantity increases rapidly, and city size constantly expands, Trip total amount and the trip distance presentation of city dweller increases substantially.Meanwhile significant changes also have occurred in Traffic Configuration, Motorization trip proportion rises rapidly, and non-motor vehicle trip proportion continues to decline, and urban traffic congestion aggravation, traffic accident increases More, energy consumption rises, urban environment decay, and traffic has become an important factor for restricting large- and-medium size cities economic development.It is public Traffic has many advantages, such as that low energy consumption, low stain, low-resource occupy, and becomes and solves the first choices of the big or middle current traffic problems in city and arrange It applies, public traffic in priority becomes the inevitable choice of urban development.In this context, Department of Transportation issues《About development public transport city Build the notice of demonstration project relevant issues》, demonstration project is built in formal start " public transport city ", national also in public transport Infrastructure construction and raising public transport covering accessibility level actively develop work.Give full play to the quick of public transit vehicle at present It is sensible to become important project, it increases public transportation lane mostly thus and builds dynamics, realize that the space of public transport is preferential;And The effect for playing special lane allows public transit vehicle really to get up to also need to give from transit time soon preferentially, that is, passes through public transport Signal priority control means allow public transit vehicle to possess right-of-way at crossing, reduce the delay time at stop in intersection and parking Number,
Bus signals preferentially belong to " time priority " in public traffic in priority technology, and it is public transit vehicle that it, which refers in intersection, Priority signal is provided.Signal priority is divided into bus signals preferentially and forced signal is preferential.Bus signals are preferential (relatively excellent First) and signal priority (first priority) presentation is approximate, and using classes such as device detector or identical, but essence is complete Different.
Bus signals are preferential only to carry out local directed complete set to normal signal operational process, leads to ability meeting other vehicles It is that public transit vehicle supplies preferentially to pass through the opportunity of intersection as far as possible under the premise of current safety.It is mainly used in public transit vehicle Or other big handling capacities of passengers.Forced signal is preferentially mainly used in urgent or special vehicle, enforceable to interrupt normal signal Operation, operation immediately is urgent or the phase of special vehicle request, is a kind of to control conventional operation to signal and correlated state interferes King-sized Priority Control Schemes, general less use.
As the preferential control method of bus signals is more and more paid attention to, have begun to promote in each big city Using, in specific implementation bus signals are preferential, the assignment problem of the time resource of each bound pair intersection always exists query, Problem of both mainly having, one is how to handle the logical of public transit vehicle and public vehicles well from the angle of road network benefit Row relationship, the second is the public traffic in priority problem of crucial intersection (the larger intersection of typically saturated degree).
Under the conditions of the medium-sized special lane in road, in road grade crossing, public transit vehicle and public vehicles will be by same Cover the control of whistle control system.The two is based on respective interests, has to how whistle control system distributes intersection time resource Respectively different " opinion " requirement.After public transportation lane is arranged, public vehicles correspond to the saturation degree in import track always greater than public affairs Vehicle is handed over to correspond to the saturation degree in special import track, therefore public transit vehicle wishes that integrative design intersection uses public transport wagon flow The corresponding short cycle of low saturation, and in contrast, public vehicles wish that integrative design intersection uses public vehicles wagon flow The corresponding long period of high saturation, therefore the effect of must make overall plans in implementing signal priority public transit vehicle and public vehicles Benefit.
Crucial intersection is usually the larger intersection of saturation degree, often be also urban road network congested nodes and Bottleneck, on the one hand the signal priority potentiality of crucial intersection are smaller, and implementing bus signals can preferentially cause public vehicles effectively logical The shortening of row time, there may be larger impact, the delays of another aspect public transit vehicle for key intersection higher to saturation degree Many all generate implements the public transport delay that signal priority reduces crucial intersection in crucial intersection, to public traffic in priority benefit It improves more apparent.Under the conflicting demand of the two, the public traffic in priority of crucial intersection is needed to carry out detailed pros and cons point Analysis, to determine whether crucial intersection can implement public traffic in priority, degree of priority as how.
All public transit vehicles for reaching intersection are not based on its actual demand and give signal priority, are not best Mode can cause " with vehicle " operation such as " bunching " spacing unbalanced and public transport because not considering in all Vehicular behaviors in way The non-uniform situation of vehicle-mounted passenger flow.In addition, if the passenger flow and vehicle-mounted passenger flow of front platform are larger, it is also desirable to be given at crossing The higher priority level of vehicle, reduce passenger wait and journey time.Consider the priority requirement of public transit vehicle, it can be with The effect for really realizing public traffic in priority, improves the operational efficiency and service level of public transport.
Invention content
Purpose of the present invention is to:Reduce the negative effect due to public traffic in priority to social traffic and whole system.
In order to achieve the above object, the technical solution of the present invention is to provide a kind of bus signals of dynamic priority grade The mode of priority, which is characterized in that the judgement of judgement and crossing grade including public transit vehicle grade, wherein public transit vehicle grade Judgement include the following steps:
Step 1.1 calculates Discrete control coefficient fd
In formula, Δ t=tii, tiIt is vehicle on the road from the run time behind the starting station, τiIt is vehicle from the starting station The service requirement time after setting out,T is the public transport all fronts service requirement time, and D is that public bus network is total It is long, DiIt is the distance apart from the starting station after setting out vehicle on the road, δiIt is section influence factor coefficient;ΔtacceptIt is acceptable Vehicle is delayed;ΔtmaxIt is acceptable maximum vehicle delay;
Calculate time headway coefficient fh
In formula, Δ thIt is the difference vehicle on the road with front truck time headway and two vehicle headways, Δ th=th- tdi, thIt is the time headway vehicle on the road with front truck, tdiIt is the headway vehicle on the road with front truck;ΔtmaxIt is that can connect The difference of the maximum time of the time headway and departure interval received;
Step 1.2 calculates vehicle performance in operation coefficient f1:f1=fd+fh
Step 1.3 calculates platform and passenger flow coefficient f2In formula, α, β are weight coefficient, alpha+beta =1;PiIt is current handling capacity of passengers vehicle on the road;PmaxIt is the maximum passenger capacity of vehicle;ZiIt is the passenger that waits of current time platform Amount;ZmaxIt is the open ended ridership of waiting of platform;
Step 1.4 calculates traffic-operating period coefficient f3
Step 1.5 calculates vehicle class coefficient ω:ω=f3(f1+f2);
Vehicle class rank R is calculated according to vehicle class coefficient ω in step 1.6:
Vehicle class rank R determines vehicle in the priority requirement at crossing, and vehicle class rank R is higher, and priority requirement is bigger;
The judgement of crossing grade includes the following steps:
Step 2.1, the saturation degree limiting value x according to each track in current crossingL, calculate each phase signal lamp in current crossing Phase duration gL
In formula, qiIt is that the track in i-th import track is actually reached the volume of traffic;C is the signal period duration of signal lamp;xL It is the saturation degree limits value in each track;siIt is the saturation volume in i-th import track;
Step 2.2, the minimum green time for calculating each phase, the wherein minimum green time of public transport phase i are gimin: gimin=max (gip, gic), in formula:
gipIt is the pedestrian's street crossing shortest time of public transport phase i,LpIt is pedestrian's street crossing length, vpIt is capable People crosses the street leg speed, and I is green light time interval;
gicIt is that queuing vehicle dissipated without the time of secondary queuing in the red time of public transport phase i,LcIt is phase i queuing vehicle length, hcIt is that vehicle queue is averaged space headway, ε (t) is to repair in rush hour Positive coefficient;
The maximum green time g of step 2.3, setting public transport phase iimax
In formula, n is signal phase number;
Step 2.4, the preferential potentiality duration g that each phase is calculatedn=gne-max[gL, max (gip, gic)], formula In, gneIt is the effective green time of each signal phase;
Step 2.5, crossing signal priority potentiality duration gPFor:gP=∑ngn, wherein ge+gP≤gimax
Step 2.6, the preferential potentiality duration by calculating gained, crossing is determined in conjunction with the concrete form of active preference strategy Executable strategy, to judge the preferred form at crossing.
Preferably, in the step 2.1, each track saturation degree is that each track is actually reached the volume of traffic and the track is logical The ratio between row ability, then the saturation degree in i-th import track is xi
In formula, CAPiIt is the traffic capacity in i-th import track.
A kind of bus priority method being combined based on public transit vehicle grade and crossing grade provided by the invention is reduced Negative effect due to public traffic in priority to social traffic and whole system promotes public traffic in priority effect and crossing traffic efficiency, real Existing public transit vehicle in each section equiblibrium mass distribution, improve the service level of public transit system.
Specific implementation mode
To keep the present invention more aobvious understandable, elaborate below to the embodiment of the present invention:The present embodiment is in skill of the present invention Implemented under art scheme, gives the implementation process and implementation result of the present invention.Protection scope of the present invention is not limited to following Embodiment.
The problem of a kind of bus signals mode of priority of dynamic priority grade provided by the invention includes two levels, One, public transit vehicle calculates the priority requirement for reaching crossing, the i.e. judgement of public transit vehicle grade according to the actual operation;Second, It can be provided the calculating of preferential potentiality, the i.e. judgement of crossing grade according to the current traffic noise prediction in crossing.
The priority requirement of public transit vehicle mainly consider vehicle delay, platform and vehicle passenger flow and other anomalous events etc. because Element.
Mainly from the aspect of two, Discrete control is balanced with time headway for public transit vehicle delay.Discrete control is bus It sets out to leave the theatre and runs to the certain point of circuit, according to actual conditions (mainly section distance, website setting, road along the line Basic condition, speed constraint etc.) desired whole run time is assigned on approach circuit, judge vehicle with cumulative paragraph by paragraph The case where operation.Time headway equilibrium is to ensure the operation time headway of adjacent two vehicle and scheduling departure interval base in the line This is equal.
It is as follows:
Discrete control coefficient
Wherein Δ t=tii
F in formuladIt is Discrete control coefficient, T is the public transport all fronts service requirement time, and D is public bus network overall length, and i is public transport Each section in working line, DiIt is the distance apart from the starting station after setting out vehicle on the road, δiIt is section influence factor coefficient, tiIt is vehicle on the road from the run time behind the starting station, τiIt is vehicle from the service requirement time behind the starting station, Δ t It is vehicle hour and the difference of the service requirement time i.e. delay of vehicle, Δ tacceptIt is acceptable vehicle delay, Δ tmax It is acceptable maximum vehicle delay.
Time headway coefficient
Wherein Δ th=th-tdi
F in formulahIt is time headway coefficient, thIt is the time headway vehicle on the road with front truck, tdiBe vehicle on the road with front truck Headway, Δ thIt is the difference vehicle on the road with front truck time headway and two vehicle headways, Δ tmaxIt is The difference of the maximum time of acceptable time headway and departure interval.
Consider delay situation vehicle on the road and time headway coefficient, obtains vehicle performance in operation coefficient: f1=fd+ fh
The object of bus service is passenger, when front platform wait passenger flow it is larger when, it is necessary to improve public transit vehicle etc. Grade, reduces the waiting time of passenger, can also evacuate platform passenger flow in time, promotes passenger's impression of passenger;Equally, vehicle-mounted visitor When flow is larger, vehicle is given in the priority level at crossing, can also improve the overall efficiency of public transit vehicle.
Platform and passenger flow coefficient
F in formula2It is platform and passenger flow coefficient, PiCurrent handling capacity of passengers vehicle on the road, PmaxThe maximum passenger capacity of vehicle, Zi It is the ridership of waiting of current time platform;, ZmaxIt is the open ended ridership of waiting of platform;
α, β are weight coefficient, alpha+beta=1.
Consider public transit vehicle various situations in operation, when occur vehicle cast anchor, the abnormal conditions such as fire when, by vehicle Priority level is minimized and is recorded, with the normal override requests of more preferable significant response.
Traffic-operating period coefficient
Consider above several factors, vehicle class coefficient is as follows:
ω=f3(f1+f2)
Defining vehicle class rank R by the related coefficient of the above influence factor is:
Vehicle class determine vehicle crossing priority requirement, then according to the precedence case of vehicle class rank such as following table:
The priority level at crossing needs to rely on mainly for the implementation for being active preference strategy scheme, active priority acccess control Wagon detector identifies and analysis bus running situation is transported when detecting that bus will reach intersection according to public transport Row information, current intersection traffic state and signal control logic make different responses, are extended using phase, shifted to an earlier date, inserted The modes such as enter or jump to be adjusted integrative design intersection timing scheme, to realize the priority pass of bus.Actively Priority acccess control strategy has stronger adaptability, is obtained, can be adjusted in real time for the running state information of public transit vehicle in real time The effect of intersection signal phase is saved, the shortcomings of more passive priority acccess control strategy accuracy is low, the rapid wear inactivating signal time, is had Higher accuracy and applicability, but for the larger intersection active priority acccess control strategy of vehicle flowrate use there is also Certain limitation, when intersection vehicles supersaturation, the use of priority acccess control can cause the average traffic delay of intersection to increase, vehicle Traffic efficiency reduces, and congestion and overflow phenomena are easy to happen.Therefore, comprehensive descision crossing society traffic flow conditions calculate Preferential potentiality, can balanced social traffic and public transport passage relationship.
Which kind of active preference strategy response mode bus is depended primarily on using when providing priority pass for bus to exist Which period arrival in period, reaching phase distribution at crossing with public transit vehicle has direct relationship.It is usually general to use Following strategy mode.
Green light extends:When public transit vehicle reaches intersection, if the green light signals of the phase close to an end, at this moment use Extending the green time of the phase can make public transit vehicle have time enough to pass through intersection.
Green light shifts to an earlier date (red light is early disconnected):When public transit vehicle reaches intersection, public transit vehicle passes through direction as red light letter Number, the red light by shortening the current phase in intersection executes the time, when public transit vehicle being made to reach intersection, can be believed with green light Number pass through intersection.
Phase is inserted into:When public transit vehicle reaches intersection, public transit vehicle passes through direction as red signal, and intersection Next execution phase of current phase does not still allow public transit vehicle to pass through, at this moment interleaving in current phase and next phase Enter a public transport dedicated phase, with achieve the purpose that public transit vehicle preferentially by.
Phase step:When public transit vehicle reaches intersection, public transit vehicle passage direction is red signal, due to handing over The next phase that executes of prong waits for current public vehicles less, skips next execution phase, directly executes bus The phase green light in current direction.
Phase is reversed:When public transit vehicle reaches intersection, public transit vehicle passage direction is red signal, Ke Yitong The phase phase sequence that adjustment will execute is crossed, the phase in public transit vehicle passage direction is mentioned into most preceding execution, script will be executed Phase be placed in public transit vehicle pass through phase after.
Dedicated phase:Only when detecting public transit vehicle, just starting the special signal phase place, (for example public transport is turned left Dedicated phase).
Description by way of the above strategy is as can be seen that several tactful modes all can be to the green of non-public transport passage phase The lamp time has an impact, and has substantial connection with position etc. is responded with the mode of strategy, duration, rational preferential in order to determine Tactful mode needs to analyse in depth the signal priority potentiality for calculating crossing in real time.The present invention is used according to each flow direction in crossing The limit value of saturation degree, under the constraints of minimum and maximum long green light time, calculate that each phase can provide it is preferential when It is long, determine crossing grade further according to duration.
Each track saturation degree is that each track is actually reached the ratio between the volume of traffic and the lane capacity, i.e.,:
Each phase duration g is then calculated according to saturation degree limit valueL
CAP in formulaiIt is the traffic capacity in i-th import track, pcu/h;siIt is the saturation volume in i-th import track; geIt is the effective green time of the signal phase;C is signal period duration, qiThe track in i-th import track is actually reached friendship Flux;xiThe saturation degree l, x in i-th import trackLThe saturation degree limits value in each track.
Green time constrains, and for intersection signal control, too short long signal green time is all to entire intersection It is unfavorable to run, and green time is too short, it cannot be guaranteed that vehicle and pedestrian safety intersection;Green time is long, and traffic participates in Person waits for longer in red light, in fact it could happen that current behavior of breaking rules and regulations, thus, to ensure the current safety of intersection, it is necessary to phase Position green time is constrained.
The constraint of minimum green time, need to consider queuing vehicle in red time dissipate without secondary queuing when Between and pedestrian's street crossing needed for the shortest time.
The pedestrian's street crossing shortest time:
In formula:pgipIt is the pedestrian's street crossing shortest time of public transport phase i, LpPedestrian's street crossing length, m;vpPedestrian's street crossing walks Speed generally takes 1.0m/s;I is green light time interval, s.
Queuing vehicle dissipates in red time is without time of secondary queuing:
In formula:gicIt is public transport phase i queuing vehicle resolution times, LcIt is phase i queuing vehicle length, hcIt is vehicle row Team is averaged space headway (m/veh), ε (t) rush hour correction factors.
Then the minimum green time of each phase takes the two maximum value:gimin=max (gip, gic)
The constraint of maximum green time, it is long to occur non-public transport phase public vehicles waiting time in order to prevent, when generating long Between the case where being lined up, causing traffic congestion, or even overflow to upstream intersection, or current behavior violating the regulations.It needs to give public transport phase The maximum green time of setting one, is determined by period and other phase minimum green times.
In formula:gimaxIt is public transport phase i maximum green times, n signal phase numbers.
The preferential potentiality duration g of each phase is obtained by saturation degree limit valuepk=ge-max[gL, max (gip, gic)]k。
So a length of when the signal priority potentiality at crossing
By calculating the preferential potentiality duration of gained, determine what crossing can perform in conjunction with the concrete form of active preference strategy Strategy, to judge the preferred form at crossing.
Comprehensive vehicle priority requirement grade and crossing priority grade obtain bus using the principle of " just low just not high " The priority level for reaching crossing, reduces public transit vehicle and opens the influence come into operation to other flow directions and public vehicles, make every The saturation degree of a flow direction tends to balance, while the operation of public transit vehicle is more balanced.

Claims (2)

1. a kind of bus signals mode of priority of dynamic priority grade, which is characterized in that judgement including public transit vehicle grade and The judgement of crossing grade, wherein the judgement of public transit vehicle grade includes the following steps:
Step 1.1 calculates Discrete control coefficient fd
In formula, Δ t=tii, i is each section in public transport operation circuit, tiIt is vehicle on the road from the fortune behind the starting station Row time, τiIt is vehicle from the service requirement time behind the starting station,T is that completely operation is wanted for public transport Seeking time, D are public bus network overall length, DiIt is the distance apart from the starting station after setting out vehicle on the road, δiIt is section influence factor system Number;ΔtacceptIt is acceptable vehicle delay;ΔtmaxIt is acceptable maximum vehicle delay;
Calculate time headway coefficient fh
In formula, Δ thIt is the difference vehicle on the road with front truck time headway and two vehicle headways, Δ th=th-tdi, thIt is Vehicle on the road with the time headway of front truck, tdiIt is the headway vehicle on the road with front truck;ΔtmaxIt is acceptable headstock When away from and the departure interval maximum time difference;
Step 1.2 calculates vehicle performance in operation coefficient f1:f1=fd+fh
Step 1.3 calculates platform and passenger flow coefficient f2In formula, α, β are weight coefficient, alpha+beta=1;Pi It is current handling capacity of passengers vehicle on the road;PmaxIt is the maximum passenger capacity of vehicle;ZiIt is the ridership of waiting of current time platform, Zmax It is the open ended ridership of waiting of platform;
Step 1.4 calculates traffic-operating period coefficient f3
Step 1.5 calculates vehicle class coefficient ω:ω=f3(f1+f2);
Vehicle class rank R is calculated according to vehicle class coefficient ω in step 1.6:
Vehicle class rank R determines vehicle in the priority requirement at crossing, and vehicle class rank R is higher, and priority requirement is bigger;
The judgement of crossing grade includes the following steps:
Step 2.1, the saturation degree limiting value x according to each track in current crossingL, calculate the phase of each phase signal lamp in current crossing Duration gL
In formula, qiIt is that the track in i-th import track is actually reached the volume of traffic;C is the signal period duration of signal lamp;xLIt is each The saturation degree limits value in track;siIt is the saturation volume in i-th import track;
Step 2.2, the minimum green time for calculating each phase, the wherein minimum green time of public transport phase i are gimin:gimin= max(gip, gic), in formula:
gipIt is the pedestrian's street crossing shortest time of public transport phase i,LpIt is pedestrian's street crossing length, vpIt is pedestrian's mistake Street leg speed, I are green light time intervals;
gicIt is that queuing vehicle dissipated without the time of secondary queuing in the red time of public transport phase i, LcIt is phase i queuing vehicle length, hcIt is that vehicle queue is averaged space headway, ε (t) is rush hour correction factor;
The maximum green time g of step 2.3, setting public transport phase iimax
In formula, n is signal phase number;
Step 2.4, the preferential potentiality duration g that each phase is calculatedn=gne-max[gL, max (gip, gic)], in formula, gneIt is The effective green time of each signal phase;
Step 2.5, crossing signal priority potentiality duration gPFor:gP=∑ngn, wherein ge+gP≤gimax
Step 2.6, the preferential potentiality duration by calculating gained determine that crossing is executable in conjunction with the concrete form of active preference strategy Strategy, to judge the preferred form at crossing.
2. a kind of bus signals mode of priority of dynamic priority grade as described in claim 1, which is characterized in that in the step In rapid 2.1, each track saturation degree is that each track is actually reached the ratio between the volume of traffic and the lane capacity, then i-th imported car The saturation degree in road is xi
In formula, CAPiIt is the traffic capacity in i-th import track.
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