CN108335499A - A kind of bus signals mode of priority of dynamic priority grade - Google Patents
A kind of bus signals mode of priority of dynamic priority grade Download PDFInfo
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- CN108335499A CN108335499A CN201711360248.9A CN201711360248A CN108335499A CN 108335499 A CN108335499 A CN 108335499A CN 201711360248 A CN201711360248 A CN 201711360248A CN 108335499 A CN108335499 A CN 108335499A
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- G—PHYSICS
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- G08G—TRAFFIC CONTROL SYSTEMS
- G08G1/00—Traffic control systems for road vehicles
- G08G1/07—Controlling traffic signals
- G08G1/087—Override of traffic control, e.g. by signal transmitted by an emergency vehicle
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- G08G—TRAFFIC CONTROL SYSTEMS
- G08G1/00—Traffic control systems for road vehicles
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Abstract
The problem of a kind of bus signals mode of priority of dynamic priority grade of the present invention includes two levels, first, public transit vehicle calculates the priority requirement for reaching crossing, the i.e. judgement of public transit vehicle grade according to the actual operation；Second, can be provided the calculating of preferential potentiality, the i.e. judgement of crossing grade according to the current traffic noise prediction in crossing.The present invention reduces negative effect due to public traffic in priority to social traffic and whole system, promotes public traffic in priority effect and crossing traffic efficiency, realize public transit vehicle in each section equiblibrium mass distribution, improve the service level of public transit system.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to a kind of a kind of representing dynamic level of pixel being combined based on public transit vehicle priority requirement and crossing priority potentiality
The bus signals mode of priority, belong to bus signals priority acccess control field.
Background technology
With the continuous quickening of Re-search on Urbanization process, Chinese city quantity increases rapidly, and city size constantly expands,
Trip total amount and the trip distance presentation of city dweller increases substantially.Meanwhile significant changes also have occurred in Traffic Configuration,
Motorization trip proportion rises rapidly, and non-motor vehicle trip proportion continues to decline, and urban traffic congestion aggravation, traffic accident increases
More, energy consumption rises, urban environment decay, and traffic has become an important factor for restricting large- and-medium size cities economic development.It is public
Traffic has many advantages, such as that low energy consumption, low stain, low-resource occupy, and becomes and solves the first choices of the big or middle current traffic problems in city and arrange
It applies, public traffic in priority becomes the inevitable choice of urban development.In this context, Department of Transportation issues《About development public transport city
Build the notice of demonstration project relevant issues》, demonstration project is built in formal start " public transport city ", national also in public transport
Infrastructure construction and raising public transport covering accessibility level actively develop work.Give full play to the quick of public transit vehicle at present
It is sensible to become important project, it increases public transportation lane mostly thus and builds dynamics, realize that the space of public transport is preferential；And
The effect for playing special lane allows public transit vehicle really to get up to also need to give from transit time soon preferentially, that is, passes through public transport
Signal priority control means allow public transit vehicle to possess right-of-way at crossing, reduce the delay time at stop in intersection and parking
Number,
Bus signals preferentially belong to " time priority " in public traffic in priority technology, and it is public transit vehicle that it, which refers in intersection,
Priority signal is provided.Signal priority is divided into bus signals preferentially and forced signal is preferential.Bus signals are preferential (relatively excellent
First) and signal priority (first priority) presentation is approximate, and using classes such as device detector or identical, but essence is complete
Different.
Bus signals are preferential only to carry out local directed complete set to normal signal operational process, leads to ability meeting other vehicles
It is that public transit vehicle supplies preferentially to pass through the opportunity of intersection as far as possible under the premise of current safety.It is mainly used in public transit vehicle
Or other big handling capacities of passengers.Forced signal is preferentially mainly used in urgent or special vehicle, enforceable to interrupt normal signal
Operation, operation immediately is urgent or the phase of special vehicle request, is a kind of to control conventional operation to signal and correlated state interferes
King-sized Priority Control Schemes, general less use.
As the preferential control method of bus signals is more and more paid attention to, have begun to promote in each big city
Using, in specific implementation bus signals are preferential, the assignment problem of the time resource of each bound pair intersection always exists query,
Problem of both mainly having, one is how to handle the logical of public transit vehicle and public vehicles well from the angle of road network benefit
Row relationship, the second is the public traffic in priority problem of crucial intersection (the larger intersection of typically saturated degree).
Under the conditions of the medium-sized special lane in road, in road grade crossing, public transit vehicle and public vehicles will be by same
Cover the control of whistle control system.The two is based on respective interests, has to how whistle control system distributes intersection time resource
Respectively different " opinion " requirement.After public transportation lane is arranged, public vehicles correspond to the saturation degree in import track always greater than public affairs
Vehicle is handed over to correspond to the saturation degree in special import track, therefore public transit vehicle wishes that integrative design intersection uses public transport wagon flow
The corresponding short cycle of low saturation, and in contrast, public vehicles wish that integrative design intersection uses public vehicles wagon flow
The corresponding long period of high saturation, therefore the effect of must make overall plans in implementing signal priority public transit vehicle and public vehicles
Benefit.
Crucial intersection is usually the larger intersection of saturation degree, often be also urban road network congested nodes and
Bottleneck, on the one hand the signal priority potentiality of crucial intersection are smaller, and implementing bus signals can preferentially cause public vehicles effectively logical
The shortening of row time, there may be larger impact, the delays of another aspect public transit vehicle for key intersection higher to saturation degree
Many all generate implements the public transport delay that signal priority reduces crucial intersection in crucial intersection, to public traffic in priority benefit
It improves more apparent.Under the conflicting demand of the two, the public traffic in priority of crucial intersection is needed to carry out detailed pros and cons point
Analysis, to determine whether crucial intersection can implement public traffic in priority, degree of priority as how.
All public transit vehicles for reaching intersection are not based on its actual demand and give signal priority, are not best
Mode can cause " with vehicle " operation such as " bunching " spacing unbalanced and public transport because not considering in all Vehicular behaviors in way
The non-uniform situation of vehicle-mounted passenger flow.In addition, if the passenger flow and vehicle-mounted passenger flow of front platform are larger, it is also desirable to be given at crossing
The higher priority level of vehicle, reduce passenger wait and journey time.Consider the priority requirement of public transit vehicle, it can be with
The effect for really realizing public traffic in priority, improves the operational efficiency and service level of public transport.
Invention content
Purpose of the present invention is to：Reduce the negative effect due to public traffic in priority to social traffic and whole system.
In order to achieve the above object, the technical solution of the present invention is to provide a kind of bus signals of dynamic priority grade
The mode of priority, which is characterized in that the judgement of judgement and crossing grade including public transit vehicle grade, wherein public transit vehicle grade
Judgement include the following steps：
Step 1.1 calculates Discrete control coefficient fd：
In formula, Δ t=ti-τi, tiIt is vehicle on the road from the run time behind the starting station, τiIt is vehicle from the starting station
The service requirement time after setting out,T is the public transport all fronts service requirement time, and D is that public bus network is total
It is long, DiIt is the distance apart from the starting station after setting out vehicle on the road, δiIt is section influence factor coefficient；ΔtacceptIt is acceptable
Vehicle is delayed；ΔtmaxIt is acceptable maximum vehicle delay；
Calculate time headway coefficient fh：
In formula, Δ thIt is the difference vehicle on the road with front truck time headway and two vehicle headways, Δ th=th-
tdi, thIt is the time headway vehicle on the road with front truck, tdiIt is the headway vehicle on the road with front truck；ΔtmaxIt is that can connect
The difference of the maximum time of the time headway and departure interval received；
Step 1.2 calculates vehicle performance in operation coefficient f1：f1=fd+fh；
Step 1.3 calculates platform and passenger flow coefficient f2：In formula, α, β are weight coefficient, alpha+beta
=1；PiIt is current handling capacity of passengers vehicle on the road；PmaxIt is the maximum passenger capacity of vehicle；ZiIt is the passenger that waits of current time platform
Amount；ZmaxIt is the open ended ridership of waiting of platform；
Step 1.4 calculates traffic-operating period coefficient f3：
Step 1.5 calculates vehicle class coefficient ω：ω=f3(f1+f2)；
Vehicle class rank R is calculated according to vehicle class coefficient ω in step 1.6：
Vehicle class rank R determines vehicle in the priority requirement at crossing, and vehicle class rank R is higher, and priority requirement is bigger；
The judgement of crossing grade includes the following steps：
Step 2.1, the saturation degree limiting value x according to each track in current crossingL, calculate each phase signal lamp in current crossing
Phase duration gL：
In formula, qiIt is that the track in i-th import track is actually reached the volume of traffic；C is the signal period duration of signal lamp；xL
It is the saturation degree limits value in each track；siIt is the saturation volume in i-th import track；
Step 2.2, the minimum green time for calculating each phase, the wherein minimum green time of public transport phase i are gimin：
gimin=max (gip, gic), in formula：
gipIt is the pedestrian's street crossing shortest time of public transport phase i,LpIt is pedestrian's street crossing length, vpIt is capable
People crosses the street leg speed, and I is green light time interval；
gicIt is that queuing vehicle dissipated without the time of secondary queuing in the red time of public transport phase i,LcIt is phase i queuing vehicle length, hcIt is that vehicle queue is averaged space headway, ε (t) is to repair in rush hour
Positive coefficient；
The maximum green time g of step 2.3, setting public transport phase iimax：
In formula, n is signal phase number；
Step 2.4, the preferential potentiality duration g that each phase is calculatedn=gne-max[gL, max (gip, gic)], formula
In, gneIt is the effective green time of each signal phase；
Step 2.5, crossing signal priority potentiality duration gPFor：gP=∑ngn, wherein ge+gP≤gimax；
Step 2.6, the preferential potentiality duration by calculating gained, crossing is determined in conjunction with the concrete form of active preference strategy
Executable strategy, to judge the preferred form at crossing.
Preferably, in the step 2.1, each track saturation degree is that each track is actually reached the volume of traffic and the track is logical
The ratio between row ability, then the saturation degree in i-th import track is xi：
In formula, CAPiIt is the traffic capacity in i-th import track.
A kind of bus priority method being combined based on public transit vehicle grade and crossing grade provided by the invention is reduced
Negative effect due to public traffic in priority to social traffic and whole system promotes public traffic in priority effect and crossing traffic efficiency, real
Existing public transit vehicle in each section equiblibrium mass distribution, improve the service level of public transit system.
Specific implementation mode
To keep the present invention more aobvious understandable, elaborate below to the embodiment of the present invention：The present embodiment is in skill of the present invention
Implemented under art scheme, gives the implementation process and implementation result of the present invention.Protection scope of the present invention is not limited to following
Embodiment.
The problem of a kind of bus signals mode of priority of dynamic priority grade provided by the invention includes two levels,
One, public transit vehicle calculates the priority requirement for reaching crossing, the i.e. judgement of public transit vehicle grade according to the actual operation；Second,
It can be provided the calculating of preferential potentiality, the i.e. judgement of crossing grade according to the current traffic noise prediction in crossing.
The priority requirement of public transit vehicle mainly consider vehicle delay, platform and vehicle passenger flow and other anomalous events etc. because
Element.
Mainly from the aspect of two, Discrete control is balanced with time headway for public transit vehicle delay.Discrete control is bus
It sets out to leave the theatre and runs to the certain point of circuit, according to actual conditions (mainly section distance, website setting, road along the line
Basic condition, speed constraint etc.) desired whole run time is assigned on approach circuit, judge vehicle with cumulative paragraph by paragraph
The case where operation.Time headway equilibrium is to ensure the operation time headway of adjacent two vehicle and scheduling departure interval base in the line
This is equal.
It is as follows：
Discrete control coefficient
Wherein Δ t=ti-τi
F in formuladIt is Discrete control coefficient, T is the public transport all fronts service requirement time, and D is public bus network overall length, and i is public transport
Each section in working line, DiIt is the distance apart from the starting station after setting out vehicle on the road, δiIt is section influence factor coefficient,
tiIt is vehicle on the road from the run time behind the starting station, τiIt is vehicle from the service requirement time behind the starting station, Δ t
It is vehicle hour and the difference of the service requirement time i.e. delay of vehicle, Δ tacceptIt is acceptable vehicle delay, Δ tmax
It is acceptable maximum vehicle delay.
Time headway coefficient
Wherein Δ th=th-tdi
F in formulahIt is time headway coefficient, thIt is the time headway vehicle on the road with front truck, tdiBe vehicle on the road with front truck
Headway, Δ thIt is the difference vehicle on the road with front truck time headway and two vehicle headways, Δ tmaxIt is
The difference of the maximum time of acceptable time headway and departure interval.
Consider delay situation vehicle on the road and time headway coefficient, obtains vehicle performance in operation coefficient： f1=fd+
fh
The object of bus service is passenger, when front platform wait passenger flow it is larger when, it is necessary to improve public transit vehicle etc.
Grade, reduces the waiting time of passenger, can also evacuate platform passenger flow in time, promotes passenger's impression of passenger；Equally, vehicle-mounted visitor
When flow is larger, vehicle is given in the priority level at crossing, can also improve the overall efficiency of public transit vehicle.
Platform and passenger flow coefficient
F in formula2It is platform and passenger flow coefficient, PiCurrent handling capacity of passengers vehicle on the road, PmaxThe maximum passenger capacity of vehicle, Zi
It is the ridership of waiting of current time platform；, ZmaxIt is the open ended ridership of waiting of platform；
α, β are weight coefficient, alpha+beta=1.
Consider public transit vehicle various situations in operation, when occur vehicle cast anchor, the abnormal conditions such as fire when, by vehicle
Priority level is minimized and is recorded, with the normal override requests of more preferable significant response.
Traffic-operating period coefficient
Consider above several factors, vehicle class coefficient is as follows：
ω=f3(f1+f2)
Defining vehicle class rank R by the related coefficient of the above influence factor is：
Vehicle class determine vehicle crossing priority requirement, then according to the precedence case of vehicle class rank such as following table：
The priority level at crossing needs to rely on mainly for the implementation for being active preference strategy scheme, active priority acccess control
Wagon detector identifies and analysis bus running situation is transported when detecting that bus will reach intersection according to public transport
Row information, current intersection traffic state and signal control logic make different responses, are extended using phase, shifted to an earlier date, inserted
The modes such as enter or jump to be adjusted integrative design intersection timing scheme, to realize the priority pass of bus.Actively
Priority acccess control strategy has stronger adaptability, is obtained, can be adjusted in real time for the running state information of public transit vehicle in real time
The effect of intersection signal phase is saved, the shortcomings of more passive priority acccess control strategy accuracy is low, the rapid wear inactivating signal time, is had
Higher accuracy and applicability, but for the larger intersection active priority acccess control strategy of vehicle flowrate use there is also
Certain limitation, when intersection vehicles supersaturation, the use of priority acccess control can cause the average traffic delay of intersection to increase, vehicle
Traffic efficiency reduces, and congestion and overflow phenomena are easy to happen.Therefore, comprehensive descision crossing society traffic flow conditions calculate
Preferential potentiality, can balanced social traffic and public transport passage relationship.
Which kind of active preference strategy response mode bus is depended primarily on using when providing priority pass for bus to exist
Which period arrival in period, reaching phase distribution at crossing with public transit vehicle has direct relationship.It is usually general to use
Following strategy mode.
Green light extends：When public transit vehicle reaches intersection, if the green light signals of the phase close to an end, at this moment use
Extending the green time of the phase can make public transit vehicle have time enough to pass through intersection.
Green light shifts to an earlier date (red light is early disconnected)：When public transit vehicle reaches intersection, public transit vehicle passes through direction as red light letter
Number, the red light by shortening the current phase in intersection executes the time, when public transit vehicle being made to reach intersection, can be believed with green light
Number pass through intersection.
Phase is inserted into：When public transit vehicle reaches intersection, public transit vehicle passes through direction as red signal, and intersection
Next execution phase of current phase does not still allow public transit vehicle to pass through, at this moment interleaving in current phase and next phase
Enter a public transport dedicated phase, with achieve the purpose that public transit vehicle preferentially by.
Phase step：When public transit vehicle reaches intersection, public transit vehicle passage direction is red signal, due to handing over
The next phase that executes of prong waits for current public vehicles less, skips next execution phase, directly executes bus
The phase green light in current direction.
Phase is reversed：When public transit vehicle reaches intersection, public transit vehicle passage direction is red signal, Ke Yitong
The phase phase sequence that adjustment will execute is crossed, the phase in public transit vehicle passage direction is mentioned into most preceding execution, script will be executed
Phase be placed in public transit vehicle pass through phase after.
Dedicated phase：Only when detecting public transit vehicle, just starting the special signal phase place, (for example public transport is turned left
Dedicated phase).
Description by way of the above strategy is as can be seen that several tactful modes all can be to the green of non-public transport passage phase
The lamp time has an impact, and has substantial connection with position etc. is responded with the mode of strategy, duration, rational preferential in order to determine
Tactful mode needs to analyse in depth the signal priority potentiality for calculating crossing in real time.The present invention is used according to each flow direction in crossing
The limit value of saturation degree, under the constraints of minimum and maximum long green light time, calculate that each phase can provide it is preferential when
It is long, determine crossing grade further according to duration.
Each track saturation degree is that each track is actually reached the ratio between the volume of traffic and the lane capacity, i.e.,：
Each phase duration g is then calculated according to saturation degree limit valueL
CAP in formulaiIt is the traffic capacity in i-th import track, pcu/h；siIt is the saturation volume in i-th import track；
geIt is the effective green time of the signal phase；C is signal period duration, qiThe track in i-th import track is actually reached friendship
Flux；xiThe saturation degree l, x in i-th import trackLThe saturation degree limits value in each track.
Green time constrains, and for intersection signal control, too short long signal green time is all to entire intersection
It is unfavorable to run, and green time is too short, it cannot be guaranteed that vehicle and pedestrian safety intersection；Green time is long, and traffic participates in
Person waits for longer in red light, in fact it could happen that current behavior of breaking rules and regulations, thus, to ensure the current safety of intersection, it is necessary to phase
Position green time is constrained.
The constraint of minimum green time, need to consider queuing vehicle in red time dissipate without secondary queuing when
Between and pedestrian's street crossing needed for the shortest time.
The pedestrian's street crossing shortest time：
In formula：pgipIt is the pedestrian's street crossing shortest time of public transport phase i, LpPedestrian's street crossing length, m；vpPedestrian's street crossing walks
Speed generally takes 1.0m/s；I is green light time interval, s.
Queuing vehicle dissipates in red time is without time of secondary queuing：
In formula：gicIt is public transport phase i queuing vehicle resolution times, LcIt is phase i queuing vehicle length, hcIt is vehicle row
Team is averaged space headway (m/veh), ε (t) rush hour correction factors.
Then the minimum green time of each phase takes the two maximum value：gimin=max (gip, gic)
The constraint of maximum green time, it is long to occur non-public transport phase public vehicles waiting time in order to prevent, when generating long
Between the case where being lined up, causing traffic congestion, or even overflow to upstream intersection, or current behavior violating the regulations.It needs to give public transport phase
The maximum green time of setting one, is determined by period and other phase minimum green times.
In formula：gimaxIt is public transport phase i maximum green times, n signal phase numbers.
The preferential potentiality duration g of each phase is obtained by saturation degree limit valuepk=ge-max[gL, max (gip, gic)]k。
So a length of when the signal priority potentiality at crossing
By calculating the preferential potentiality duration of gained, determine what crossing can perform in conjunction with the concrete form of active preference strategy
Strategy, to judge the preferred form at crossing.
Comprehensive vehicle priority requirement grade and crossing priority grade obtain bus using the principle of " just low just not high "
The priority level for reaching crossing, reduces public transit vehicle and opens the influence come into operation to other flow directions and public vehicles, make every
The saturation degree of a flow direction tends to balance, while the operation of public transit vehicle is more balanced.
Claims (2)
1. a kind of bus signals mode of priority of dynamic priority grade, which is characterized in that judgement including public transit vehicle grade and
The judgement of crossing grade, wherein the judgement of public transit vehicle grade includes the following steps：
Step 1.1 calculates Discrete control coefficient fd：
In formula, Δ t=ti-τi, i is each section in public transport operation circuit, tiIt is vehicle on the road from the fortune behind the starting station
Row time, τiIt is vehicle from the service requirement time behind the starting station,T is that completely operation is wanted for public transport
Seeking time, D are public bus network overall length, DiIt is the distance apart from the starting station after setting out vehicle on the road, δiIt is section influence factor system
Number；ΔtacceptIt is acceptable vehicle delay；ΔtmaxIt is acceptable maximum vehicle delay；
Calculate time headway coefficient fh：
In formula, Δ thIt is the difference vehicle on the road with front truck time headway and two vehicle headways, Δ th=th-tdi, thIt is
Vehicle on the road with the time headway of front truck, tdiIt is the headway vehicle on the road with front truck；ΔtmaxIt is acceptable headstock
When away from and the departure interval maximum time difference；
Step 1.2 calculates vehicle performance in operation coefficient f1：f1=fd+fh；
Step 1.3 calculates platform and passenger flow coefficient f2：In formula, α, β are weight coefficient, alpha+beta=1；Pi
It is current handling capacity of passengers vehicle on the road；PmaxIt is the maximum passenger capacity of vehicle；ZiIt is the ridership of waiting of current time platform, Zmax
It is the open ended ridership of waiting of platform；
Step 1.4 calculates traffic-operating period coefficient f3：
Step 1.5 calculates vehicle class coefficient ω：ω=f3(f1+f2)；
Vehicle class rank R is calculated according to vehicle class coefficient ω in step 1.6：
Vehicle class rank R determines vehicle in the priority requirement at crossing, and vehicle class rank R is higher, and priority requirement is bigger；
The judgement of crossing grade includes the following steps：
Step 2.1, the saturation degree limiting value x according to each track in current crossingL, calculate the phase of each phase signal lamp in current crossing
Duration gL：
In formula, qiIt is that the track in i-th import track is actually reached the volume of traffic；C is the signal period duration of signal lamp；xLIt is each
The saturation degree limits value in track；siIt is the saturation volume in i-th import track；
Step 2.2, the minimum green time for calculating each phase, the wherein minimum green time of public transport phase i are gimin：gimin=
max(gip, gic), in formula：
gipIt is the pedestrian's street crossing shortest time of public transport phase i,LpIt is pedestrian's street crossing length, vpIt is pedestrian's mistake
Street leg speed, I are green light time intervals；
gicIt is that queuing vehicle dissipated without the time of secondary queuing in the red time of public transport phase i,
LcIt is phase i queuing vehicle length, hcIt is that vehicle queue is averaged space headway, ε (t) is rush hour correction factor；
The maximum green time g of step 2.3, setting public transport phase iimax：
In formula, n is signal phase number；
Step 2.4, the preferential potentiality duration g that each phase is calculatedn=gne-max[gL, max (gip, gic)], in formula, gneIt is
The effective green time of each signal phase；
Step 2.5, crossing signal priority potentiality duration gPFor：gP=∑ngn, wherein ge+gP≤gimax；
Step 2.6, the preferential potentiality duration by calculating gained determine that crossing is executable in conjunction with the concrete form of active preference strategy
Strategy, to judge the preferred form at crossing.
2. a kind of bus signals mode of priority of dynamic priority grade as described in claim 1, which is characterized in that in the step
In rapid 2.1, each track saturation degree is that each track is actually reached the ratio between the volume of traffic and the lane capacity, then i-th imported car
The saturation degree in road is xi：
In formula, CAPiIt is the traffic capacity in i-th import track.
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| CN109712414A (en) * | 2019-01-30 | 2019-05-03 | 同济大学 | A kind of optimization method of more bandwidth arterial highway public transport control programs |
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| CN115100880A (en) * | 2022-06-17 | 2022-09-23 | 南京莱斯信息技术股份有限公司 | Bus signal priority control method for realizing bus balanced distribution |
| CN115223372A (en) * | 2022-07-08 | 2022-10-21 | 长沙理工大学 | Bus signal priority control method based on zone priority |
| CN116071936A (en) * | 2023-03-06 | 2023-05-05 | 广州通达汽车电气股份有限公司 | Bus priority passing control method and device, electronic equipment and storage medium |
| CN116631202A (en) * | 2022-10-27 | 2023-08-22 | 东南大学 | Bottleneck intersection group signal control optimization method for traffic overflow |
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