CN108318363B - Detection device and detection method for wear of bottom pivot mushroom head - Google Patents

Detection device and detection method for wear of bottom pivot mushroom head Download PDF

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Publication number
CN108318363B
CN108318363B CN201810146426.6A CN201810146426A CN108318363B CN 108318363 B CN108318363 B CN 108318363B CN 201810146426 A CN201810146426 A CN 201810146426A CN 108318363 B CN108318363 B CN 108318363B
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mushroom head
abrasion
measuring
connecting rod
bottom pivot
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CN108318363A (en
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徐翔
袁泽坤
习森明
郭文涛
黄柏军
赵俊伟
李林
周紫嫣
董江安
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China Three Gorges University CTGU
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China Three Gorges University CTGU
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    • GPHYSICS
    • G01MEASURING; TESTING
    • G01NINVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
    • G01N3/00Investigating strength properties of solid materials by application of mechanical stress
    • G01N3/56Investigating resistance to wear or abrasion

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  • Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
  • Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
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  • General Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
  • General Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
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  • Pathology (AREA)
  • A Measuring Device Byusing Mechanical Method (AREA)
  • Length Measuring Devices With Unspecified Measuring Means (AREA)

Abstract

The invention provides a detection device and a detection method for abrasion of a bottom pivot mushroom head, which are characterized in that the surface data of the mushroom head is measured by rotating the bottom pivot mushroom head and moving a measuring device up and down, and the surface data of the mushroom head is measured by utilizing a measuring needle to contact with the surface of the mushroom head, and the spherical surfaces of the mushroom head are reconstructed after data processing, and the spherical surfaces before and after abrasion are compared, so that the abrasion characteristics of the mushroom head are obtained, the detection and evaluation of parameters such as roughness, abrasion length, abrasion shape, abrasion volume and the like of the abrasion surface are realized, the abrasion mechanism research is facilitated, and the detection device has important significance for preventing and slowing down the abrasion. The detection device provided by the invention has the advantages of simple structure, convenience in operation, low manufacturing cost and the like, can be used for detecting the abrasion of bottom pivot mushroom heads with different sizes, has simple detection method steps, can break through the limitation that the abrasion loss of the spherical surface is difficult to measure, improves the accuracy of detection results, and can be used for detecting the abrasion of a curved object with high precision.

Description

Detection device and detection method for wear of bottom pivot mushroom head
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the technical field of mechanical detection, and particularly relates to a detection device and a detection method for wear of a bottom pivot mushroom head.
Background
With the development of inland navigation in China, the traffic of ships in rivers is greatly increased, the throughput of the ship lock is far higher than the design amount of the ship lock, and the ship lock is always in full traffic or overload traffic. The gate bottom pivot mushroom head is worn due to excessive daily opening and closing times of the gate, so that the gate is inclined at a certain angle, and cannot be closed. Therefore, the time for predicting the wear failure of the bottom pivot friction pair is much less than the time for timely maintaining and replacing the bottom pivot after complete failure, and the economic loss caused by temporary non-passing of the ship lock is greatly reduced.
In order to study the friction and wear mechanism of the bottom pivot friction pair, a set of herringbone gate bottom pivot friction pair wear simulation test bed needs to be designed and manufactured, and the actual operation condition of the bottom pivot is simulated by adjusting various test parameters. And taking the abrasion loss as a judgment standard to obtain the degree of influence of each factor on the abrasion of the bottom pivot friction pair. After the test bed is manufactured, the abrasion condition of the bottom pivot friction pair needs to be detected off line in the test process, so that the friction and abrasion test of the bottom pivot friction pair needs to be carried out. During the test, the gate is operated for a certain number of times, the bottom pivots are required to be disassembled to observe the abrasion condition, and therefore the abrasion of the bottom pivots is detected. The bottom pivot has a large weight, generally tens of kilograms, the abrasion loss of the bottom pivot is not large, and the measurement precision of a weighing method cannot meet the requirement; the bottom pivot mushroom head is a curved surface, and the length and the depth of grinding marks of the bottom pivot mushroom head are difficult to directly measure, so that the bottom pivot mushroom head cannot be directly measured by a scale; the bottom pivot abrasion abrasive dust is difficult to collect, the abrasive dust weight is difficult to accurately weigh, the abrasive dust can be mixed into waste grease under the grease lubrication condition, the separation means is complex, and the abrasive dust analysis method is not applicable because the waste grease is sampled; defining the service life of the bottom pivot, determining the maximum abrasion loss, and representing by adopting the maximum abrasion depth, wherein the maximum abrasion depth reaches a certain value which is equivalent to the service life of the bottom pivot, so that the adopted abrasion detection method is required to be capable of measuring the maximum abrasion depth, and the chemical analysis method is not applicable; in the test process, one sample needs to be operated for a certain number of times and then the abrasion loss is required to be measured once, and the abrasion loss of a plurality of tests is required to be detected for one test, so that the abrasion loss detection device and the abrasion loss detection method with less time consumption and high accuracy are designed, and have very important significance.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to solve the technical problem of providing the detection device and the detection method for the abrasion of the bottom pivot mushroom head, which are simple in structure, convenient to operate and low in manufacturing cost, and can detect the abrasion of the bottom pivot mushroom heads with different sizes.
In order to solve the technical problems, the invention adopts the following technical scheme: the detection device for the abrasion of the bottom pivot mushroom head comprises a base, an objective table, an upright post and a measurement device, wherein the objective table is connected with a base shaft, the upright post is fixedly connected with the base, the measurement device is connected with the upright post through a connecting rod, and the connecting rod drives the measurement device to move in the vertical direction;
the measuring device comprises a sensing detector connected with the measuring rod, and the sensing detector is used for detecting the displacement of the measuring rod in the horizontal direction.
In the preferred scheme, the objective table side evenly arrange four grab handles, mushroom head is placed in the shrinkage pool of objective table, the shrinkage pool lateral wall is equipped with two symmetrical screw holes, fasten mushroom head top on the objective table through the screw rod, the objective table top surface is equipped with the angle scale, the objective table bottom is connected with the base through the rotation axis.
In the preferred scheme, the stand be equipped with vertical spout and first slider, connecting rod one end and first slider fixed connection, the connecting rod is along the stand at vertical direction removal.
In a preferred embodiment, the measuring device is a dial indicator.
In the preferred scheme, the connecting rod be equipped with horizontal spout and second slider, measuring stick and second slider fixed connection, the measuring stick removes in the horizontal direction along the connecting rod.
In the preferred scheme, the connecting rod is provided with a measuring needle made of magnetic materials at one end close to the bottom pivot mushroom head to be detected, and the measuring needle can be automatically adsorbed on the surface of the iron bottom pivot mushroom head.
In the preferred scheme, the device also comprises a control system, wherein the control system comprises a rotating motor and a computer, the rotating motor is arranged on the base, an output shaft of the rotating motor is connected with the bottom of the objective table, the computer is respectively electrically connected with the rotating motor and a sensing detector, the sensing detector is a grating ruler sensor, the computer controls the rotating motor to drive the angle of the objective table to rotate, and the grating ruler sensor transmits detected signals to the computer.
In the preferred scheme, the stand include electric telescopic handle, electric telescopic handle and electromechanical connection, computer control electric telescopic handle drives the connecting rod and removes in vertical direction.
In order to solve the technical problems, the invention also provides a method for detecting the abrasion of the bottom pivot mushroom head by adopting the detection device, which is characterized in that: comprises the following steps:
1) Cleaning the surface of the bottom-pivoted mushroom head, and then placing the bottom-pivoted mushroom head on an objective table;
2) Installing a measuring device, adjusting a measuring rod to a proper position and zeroing;
3) The object stage rotates for a certain angle, a measuring needle of the measuring device is contacted with the spherical surface of the mushroom head, data of the point are measured, after the object stage rotates to measure data of one circumference, the measuring device is driven to move for a certain distance in the vertical direction through the connecting rod, then the object stage rotates for a certain angle, data of the next circumference are measured, and the period is measured until the whole spherical surface is measured, and spherical surface data of the mushroom head are obtained;
4) Analyzing and processing the obtained data to obtain a surface profile of the mushroom head;
5) And comparing the spherical profile diagrams before and after abrasion to obtain the abrasion characteristics of the bottom pivot mushroom head, wherein the volume difference is the whole abrasion quantity, and the bottom pivot mushroom head also comprises the abrasion characteristic quantities such as local abrasion area, abrasion depth, abrasion width and the like.
In a preferred scheme, the rotation is at a certain angle of 1-10 degrees and the movement is at a certain distance of 1-5mm.
The invention provides a detection device and a detection method for abrasion of a bottom pivot mushroom head, which are characterized in that an objective table is utilized to rotate the bottom pivot mushroom head, a measuring needle of a measuring rod is contacted with the surface of the mushroom head, after contour data of one circumference are obtained, the measuring device is driven to move in the vertical direction by a connecting rod, contour data of different circumferences are measured, spherical surface data of the mushroom head are obtained, the spherical surface of the mushroom head is reconstructed after data processing, the spherical surfaces before abrasion and after abrasion are compared, so that the abrasion characteristics of the mushroom head are obtained, the detection and evaluation of parameters such as roughness, abrasion length, abrasion shape, abrasion volume and the like of the abrasion surface are realized, the abrasion mechanism research is facilitated, and the detection device has important significance for preventing and slowing down abrasion. The detection device provided by the invention has the advantages of simple structure, convenience in operation, low manufacturing cost and the like, can be used for detecting the abrasion of bottom pivot mushroom heads with different sizes, has simple detection method steps, can break through the limitation that the abrasion loss of the spherical surface is difficult to measure, improves the detection efficiency and accuracy, and can be used for detecting the abrasion of a curved object with high precision. In addition, the invention is not limited to the abrasion detection of the bottom pivot mushroom head, is also suitable for the abrasion detection of other curved surface objects, and has wide application range.
Drawings
The invention is further illustrated by the following examples in conjunction with the accompanying drawings:
FIG. 1 is a schematic diagram of the structure of the present invention;
FIG. 2 is a schematic top view of the present invention;
FIG. 3 is a schematic view of the structure of the stage of the present invention;
FIG. 4 is a schematic diagram of a control structure according to the present invention;
in the figure: the device comprises a base 1, an objective table 2, an upright post 3, a measuring device 4, a connecting rod 5, a measuring rod 6, a sensing detector 7, a second sliding block 8, a measuring needle 9, a rotating motor 10, a computer 11, an electric telescopic rod 12, a grab handle 201, a screw hole 202 and a rotating shaft 203.
Detailed Description
In order that those skilled in the art will better understand the technical scheme of the present invention, the following describes the present invention in further detail with reference to examples, which are only for illustrating the present invention and are not limited to the scope of the present invention.
As in fig. 1-4, a detection device for wear of a mushroom head of a bottom pivot comprises a base 1, an objective table 2, an upright post 3 and a measurement device 4, wherein the objective table 2 is connected with the base 1 through a shaft, the upright post 3 is fixedly connected with the base 1, the measurement device 4 is connected with the upright post 3 through a connecting rod 5, the connecting rod 5 drives the measurement device 4 to move in the vertical direction, the measurement device 4 comprises a sensor detector 7 connected with a measurement rod 6, and the sensor detector 7 is used for detecting displacement of the measurement rod 6 in the horizontal direction. The object stage 2 is utilized to drive the bottom pivot mushroom head to rotate, the measuring rod 6 is contacted with the surface of the mushroom head to obtain circumferential profile data, the measuring device 4 is driven to move in the vertical direction through the connecting rod 5 to measure the profile data of different circumferences to obtain spherical surface data of the mushroom head, the spherical surface of the mushroom head is reconstructed after data processing, the spherical surfaces before and after abrasion are compared, the abrasion characteristics of the mushroom head are obtained, and the detection and evaluation of parameters such as roughness, abrasion length, abrasion shape, abrasion volume and the like of the abrasion surface are realized.
In the preferred scheme, objective table 2 side evenly arrange four grab handles 201, the mushroom head is placed in the shrinkage pool of objective table, the shrinkage pool lateral wall is equipped with two symmetrical screw rod holes 202, fasten mushroom head top on objective table 2 through the screw rod, objective table 2 top surface is equipped with the angle scale, measures objective table 2 through the angle scale and drives mushroom head rotation angle, objective table 2 bottom is connected with base 1 through rotation axis 203, realizes objective table 2 free rotation.
In the preferred scheme, stand 3 be equipped with vertical spout and first slider, connecting rod 5 one end and first slider fixed connection, connecting rod 5 remove in vertical direction along stand 3. The connecting rod 5 moves along the upright post 3 in the vertical direction through the first sliding block, so that the measuring device 4 is driven to move in the vertical direction, and contour data of different circumferences are measured.
In the preferred scheme, measuring device 4 be the digital display amesdial, the displacement of measuring stick can be conveniently, directly read out to the digital display amesdial, utilizes the high accuracy that is located the detection to the measuring stick to improve the detection accuracy to the wear of bottom pivot mushroom head.
In the preferred scheme, connecting rod 5 be equipped with horizontal spout and second slider 8, measuring rod 6 and second slider 8 fixed connection, measuring rod 6 moves in the horizontal direction along connecting rod 5. The second sliding block 8 slides in the horizontal sliding groove to ensure that the moving direction of the measuring rod 6 is horizontal, so that the accuracy of the detection result is improved.
In the preferred scheme, the connecting rod 5 is provided with a measuring needle 9 made of magnetic materials at one end close to the bottom pivot mushroom head to be detected, and the measuring needle 9 can be automatically adsorbed on the surface of the iron bottom pivot mushroom head. The automatic adsorption of magnetic force is utilized on the surface of the iron bottom pivot mushroom head, so that the detection is more convenient on one hand, the labor intensity of detection personnel is reduced, the error of manual operation is reduced on the other hand, and the precision of detecting the abrasion of the curved object is improved.
In the preferred scheme, the device also comprises a control system, wherein the control system comprises a rotating motor 10 and a computer 11, the rotating motor 10 is arranged on the base 1, an output shaft of the rotating motor 10 is connected with the bottom of the objective table 2, the computer 11 is respectively electrically connected with the rotating motor 10 and the sensor detector 7, the sensor detector 7 is a grating scale sensor, the computer 11 controls the rotating motor 10 to drive the objective table 2 to rotate at an angle, and the grating scale sensor transmits detected signals to the computer 11. The computer 11 controls the rotation angle of the rotating motor 10 according to preset operation parameters, automatically records and analyzes the data signals of the grating ruler sensor, reduces errors of manual operation, improves the automation degree and the detection efficiency of the detection device, and realizes high-precision detection of the abrasion of the curved surface object.
In the preferred scheme, stand 3 include electric telescopic handle 12, electric telescopic handle 12 installs in stand 3, electric telescopic handle 12 is connected with computer 11 electricity, computer 11 control electric telescopic handle 12 drives connecting rod 5 and removes in vertical direction. The computer 11 automatically controls the electric telescopic rod 12 to drive the connecting rod 5 to move in the vertical direction by a preset height according to preset operation parameters after carrying out circumferential profile data on the bottom pivot mushroom head, thereby reducing errors of manual operation, reducing labor intensity of detection personnel and improving the precision of abrasion detection on curved surface objects.
In order to solve the technical problems, the invention also provides a method for detecting the abrasion of the bottom pivot mushroom head by adopting the detection device, which is characterized in that: comprises the following steps:
1) Cleaning the surface of the bottom-pivoted mushroom head, and then placing the bottom-pivoted mushroom head on the object stage 2;
2) Installing a measuring device 4, adjusting a measuring rod 6 of the measuring device to a proper position and zeroing;
3) The object stage rotates for a certain angle, the measuring needle 9 of the measuring device 4 is contacted with the sphere of the mushroom head, the data of the point is measured, after the object stage rotates to measure the data of one circumference, the measuring device 4 is driven to move for a certain distance in the vertical direction by the connecting rod 5, the object stage rotates for a certain angle, the data of the next circumference is measured, and the period is measured until the whole sphere is measured, and the sphere data of the mushroom head is obtained;
4) Analyzing and processing the obtained data to obtain a surface profile of the mushroom head;
5) And comparing the spherical profile diagrams before and after abrasion to obtain the abrasion characteristics of the bottom pivot mushroom head, wherein the volume difference is the whole abrasion quantity, and the bottom pivot mushroom head also comprises the abrasion characteristic quantities such as local abrasion area, abrasion depth, abrasion width and the like.
In the preferred scheme, the rotation certain angle be 3 degrees, remove certain distance and be 2mm, when satisfying the detection precision, promote detection efficiency.
The above embodiments are only preferred embodiments of the present invention, and should not be construed as limiting the present invention, and the scope of the present invention should be defined by the claims, including the equivalents of the technical features in the claims. I.e., equivalent replacement modifications within the scope of this invention are also within the scope of the invention.

Claims (8)

1. A detection device for bottom pivot mushroom head wearing and tearing, its characterized in that: the device comprises a base (1), an objective table (2), an upright post (3) and a measuring device (4), wherein the objective table (2) is connected with the base (1) through a shaft, the upright post (3) is fixedly connected with the base (1), the measuring device (4) is connected with the upright post (3) through a connecting rod (5), and the connecting rod (5) drives the measuring device (4) to move in the vertical direction;
the measuring device (4) comprises a sensing detector (7) connected with the measuring rod (6), and the sensing detector (7) is used for detecting the displacement of the measuring rod (6) in the horizontal direction;
four grab handles (201) are uniformly arranged on the side surface of the object stage (2), mushroom heads are placed in concave holes of the object stage, two symmetrical screw holes (202) are formed in the side walls of the concave holes, the top of the mushroom heads are fastened on the object stage (2) through screws, an angle scale is arranged on the top surface of the object stage (2), and the bottom of the object stage (2) is connected with the base (1) through a rotating shaft (203);
the connecting rod (5) is provided with a measuring needle (9) made of magnetic materials at one end close to the bottom pivot mushroom head to be measured, and the measuring needle (9) can be automatically adsorbed on the surface of the iron bottom pivot mushroom head.
2. The detection apparatus for bottom-pivoted mushroom head wear of claim 1, wherein: the upright post (3) is provided with a vertical chute and a first sliding block, one end of the connecting rod (5) is fixedly connected with the first sliding block, and the connecting rod (5) moves along the upright post (3) in the vertical direction.
3. The detection apparatus for bottom-pivoted mushroom head wear of claim 1, wherein: the measuring device (4) is a dial indicator.
4. The detection apparatus for bottom-pivoted mushroom head wear of claim 1, wherein: the connecting rod (5) is provided with a horizontal chute and a second sliding block (8), the measuring rod (6) is fixedly connected with the second sliding block (8), and the measuring rod (6) moves along the connecting rod (5) in the horizontal direction.
5. The detection apparatus for bottom-pivoted mushroom head wear of claim 1, wherein: still include control system, control system include rotating electrical machines (10) and computer (11), rotating electrical machines (10) are installed on base (1), the output shaft and the objective table (2) bottom of rotating electrical machines (10) are connected, computer (11) are connected with rotating electrical machines (10) and sensor detector (7) electricity respectively, sensor detector (7) are grating chi sensor, computer (11) control rotating electrical machines (10) drive the rotatory angle of objective table (2), grating chi sensor transmits the signal transmission that detects to computer (11).
6. The detection apparatus for bottom-pivoted mushroom head wear of claim 1, wherein: the stand (3) include electric telescopic handle (12), electric telescopic handle (12) are connected with computer (11) electricity, computer (11) control electric telescopic handle (12) drive connecting rod (5) and remove in vertical direction.
7. The method for detecting wear of a bottom-pivoted mushroom head by using the detection device according to any one of claims 1 to 6, wherein: comprises the following steps:
1) Cleaning the surface of the bottom-pivoted mushroom head, and then placing the bottom-pivoted mushroom head on an objective table (2);
2) Installing a measuring device (4), and adjusting a measuring rod (6) to a proper position and zeroing;
3) The object stage rotates for a certain angle, a measuring needle (9) of the measuring device (4) is in contact with the spherical surface of the mushroom head, data of the point are measured, after the object stage rotates to measure data of one circumference, the measuring device (4) is driven to move for a certain distance in the vertical direction through a connecting rod (5), then the object stage rotates for a certain angle, data of the next circumference are measured, and the period is measured until the whole spherical surface is measured, and spherical surface data of the mushroom head are obtained;
4) Analyzing and processing the obtained data to obtain a surface profile of the mushroom head;
5) And comparing the spherical profile diagrams before and after abrasion to obtain the abrasion characteristics of the bottom pivot mushroom head, wherein the volume difference is the whole abrasion quantity, and the bottom pivot mushroom head also comprises the abrasion characteristic quantities such as local abrasion area, abrasion depth, abrasion width and the like.
8. The method for detecting wear of a bottom-pivoted mushroom head of claim 7, wherein: the rotation is 1-10 degrees, and the movement is 1-5mm.
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