CN108318250B - Comprehensive testing machine - Google Patents
Comprehensive testing machine Download PDFInfo
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- CN108318250B CN108318250B CN201810412119.8A CN201810412119A CN108318250B CN 108318250 B CN108318250 B CN 108318250B CN 201810412119 A CN201810412119 A CN 201810412119A CN 108318250 B CN108318250 B CN 108318250B
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- 238000012360 testing method Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 203
- 238000005461 lubrication Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 54
- 210000004907 gland Anatomy 0.000 claims abstract description 30
- 230000001050 lubricating effect Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 24
- 239000011148 porous material Substances 0.000 claims description 15
- 238000013461 design Methods 0.000 abstract description 5
- 239000003921 oil Substances 0.000 description 28
- 230000006835 compression Effects 0.000 description 11
- 238000007906 compression Methods 0.000 description 11
- 230000008859 change Effects 0.000 description 10
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 description 7
- 230000008569 process Effects 0.000 description 7
- 238000001816 cooling Methods 0.000 description 5
- 238000003825 pressing Methods 0.000 description 5
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 4
- 238000009434 installation Methods 0.000 description 4
- 230000009286 beneficial effect Effects 0.000 description 3
- 238000010586 diagram Methods 0.000 description 3
- 239000010687 lubricating oil Substances 0.000 description 3
- 238000005259 measurement Methods 0.000 description 3
- 238000005299 abrasion Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000001514 detection method Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000006073 displacement reaction Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000017525 heat dissipation Effects 0.000 description 2
- 239000007921 spray Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000005507 spraying Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000009471 action Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000008878 coupling Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000010168 coupling process Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000005859 coupling reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000007613 environmental effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000002349 favourable effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000012535 impurity Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000005457 optimization Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000011056 performance test Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000036316 preload Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000012795 verification Methods 0.000 description 1
Classifications
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01M—TESTING STATIC OR DYNAMIC BALANCE OF MACHINES OR STRUCTURES; TESTING OF STRUCTURES OR APPARATUS, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- G01M13/00—Testing of machine parts
- G01M13/04—Bearings
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01D—MEASURING NOT SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR A SPECIFIC VARIABLE; ARRANGEMENTS FOR MEASURING TWO OR MORE VARIABLES NOT COVERED IN A SINGLE OTHER SUBCLASS; TARIFF METERING APPARATUS; MEASURING OR TESTING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- G01D21/00—Measuring or testing not otherwise provided for
- G01D21/02—Measuring two or more variables by means not covered by a single other subclass
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01M—TESTING STATIC OR DYNAMIC BALANCE OF MACHINES OR STRUCTURES; TESTING OF STRUCTURES OR APPARATUS, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- G01M13/00—Testing of machine parts
- G01M13/04—Bearings
- G01M13/045—Acoustic or vibration analysis
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
- G01N3/00—Investigating strength properties of solid materials by application of mechanical stress
- G01N3/56—Investigating resistance to wear or abrasion
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- Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
- General Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
- Acoustics & Sound (AREA)
- Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
- Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Analytical Chemistry (AREA)
- Biochemistry (AREA)
- General Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
- Immunology (AREA)
- Pathology (AREA)
- Testing Of Devices, Machine Parts, Or Other Structures Thereof (AREA)
Abstract
A comprehensive testing machine belongs to the field of testing machine design application and comprises a bearing testing unit, a ring-block friction and wear testing unit, a power driving device, a main shaft and a radial loading device which are shared by the bearing testing unit and the ring-block friction and wear testing unit; the bearing test unit comprises two test bearings, a bearing gland and an axial loading device, wherein the test bearings are arranged on a main shaft bearing seat, the bearing gland is arranged on one side of the bearing seat through a mounting hole, lubrication channels with different included angles are arranged in the bearing gland, and the included angles are not equal to the included angles among the mounting holes; the ring-block friction and wear test unit comprises a ring-block friction pair and a force measuring device, wherein the force measuring device is used for measuring the friction force of the ring-block friction pair and is provided with medium channels for providing different lubricating mediums for the ring-block friction pair, and the radial loading device is used for providing quantitative radial loading for the ring-block friction pair through the force measuring device. The invention integrates different test functions, has reasonable and compact structure, and can provide various lubrication modes for different test units.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the field of design and application of testers, and particularly relates to a comprehensive tester for bearing tests and ring-block friction and wear tests.
Background
The testing machine is an instrument for verifying the quality or performance of a product or material according to design requirements. The test machines are of different kinds according to the test subjects and test items. The ring-block type friction and wear tester and the bearing tester are two common testers.
At present, the main structures of the ring-block friction and wear testing machine are mostly the same, most of the friction and wear testing machines cannot accurately and quantitatively load radial force and accurately detect friction force, and meanwhile, the friction form is single. For example, the radial force loading mode adopted by the abrasion gap adjustment type ring block friction abrasion testing machine disclosed in the patent publication No. CN105158100A is purely manual loading, and accurate quantitative loading of the radial force of a test piece cannot be completed because the loaded radial force is not matched with accurate detection equipment; the friction pair adopts a fixed lubrication mode, so that the lubrication condition of the friction pair under various actual working conditions can not be accurately simulated, the friction force detection method is simpler, and the accurate measurement of the friction force can not be realized.
According to the required working characteristics of friction wear ring-block test, the device can be matched with a bearing tester to use, and a set of basic device is used together, so that the verification efficiency of various tests can be improved, the utilization rate of test resources is improved, but after the friction wear ring-block test is combined with the bearing tester, various problems can be caused, such as: the equipment has large volume, poor lubricating performance, low heat dissipation efficiency of the machine body and the like.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to provide a comprehensive testing machine which can not only finish the related tests of bearing lubricating performance, axial and radial loading performance of a bearing, thin oil lubrication, oil supply quantity of oil gas lubrication and the like, but also perform a ring-block friction and wear test, reduce the volume of the testing machine through structure optimization, and have various lubrication modes.
In order to solve the technical problems, the invention adopts the following technical scheme:
the comprehensive testing machine comprises a power driving device, a bearing testing unit, a ring-block friction and wear testing unit, a radial loading device and a main shaft, wherein the bearing testing unit and the ring-block friction and wear testing unit share one set of power driving device, the main shaft and the radial loading device;
the bearing test unit comprises two test bearings, a bearing gland and an axial loading device, wherein the test bearings are respectively arranged in two bearing seats on the main shaft and rotate along with the main shaft; the bearing gland is arranged on one side of each bearing seat through a plurality of mounting holes which are uniformly distributed in the circumferential direction, a plurality of radial pore canals are arranged in the bearing gland and are used as lubricating channels for providing oil gas lubrication or thin oil lubrication media for the test bearings according to different test requirements, and the included angles of the radial pore canals are different from each other and are different from the included angles between two adjacent mounting holes; the axial loading device performs axial pre-tightening or axial loading adjustment on the test bearing;
the ring-block friction and wear test unit mainly comprises a ring-block friction pair and a force measuring device, wherein a test ring in the ring-block friction pair is arranged on a main shaft to rotate along with the main shaft, the test block is arranged on the force measuring device, the force measuring device is used for measuring the friction force of the ring-block, medium channels for providing different lubricating mediums for the ring-block friction pair are arranged on the force measuring device, the radial loading device is contacted with the force measuring device, and the radial loading device is used for transmitting radial force to the ring-block friction pair and carrying out radial loading adjustment.
The force measuring device mainly comprises a sample frame, a tension sensor, a hinge rod and a pull rod seat which are connected in sequence, wherein the hinge rod is rotationally connected with the pull rod seat, a through hole for installing a test block is formed in the lower portion of the sample frame, the through hole is exposed out of the lower portion of the test block and is in contact with the test ring, a gap for a lubricating medium to flow out is reserved between the test block and an outlet of the medium channel, and the pull rod seat is arranged on the side wall of the testing machine so as to support the whole force measuring device.
The end of the main shaft is provided with a taper shaft, the taper shaft is fixed by a locking screw, and the test ring is arranged on the taper shaft.
The radial loading device mainly comprises a hand wheel, a radial loading rod, a radial loading locking handle, a loading support frame, a spring seat, a pressure sensor, a loading frame and a roller, wherein the loading support frame is fixedly arranged on a bearing seat adjacent to the loading support frame, the radial loading rod is in threaded connection with the loading support frame, the spring and the spring seat are arranged at the lower part of the radial loading rod, the top of the upper seat of the spring seat is propped against a shaft shoulder of the radial loading rod, the lower seat of the spring seat is connected with the pressure sensor, the pressure sensor is connected with the loading frame provided with the roller which rotates freely, the roller is contacted with the sample frame, the loading frame is arranged on the loading support frame, the hand wheel is arranged at the top end of the radial loading rod, and the radial loading locking handle is arranged between the hand wheel and the loading support frame so as to lock the radial loading rod.
The bearing gland on be equipped with three radial pore, radial pore be 115, 120, 125 respectively between every two contained angles, the mounting hole be equipped with 6, the contained angle of adjacent mounting hole is 60.
The radial pore canal is divided into two communicated sections, the first section is perpendicular to the axis of the bearing gland and is used as a lubricating medium input channel, the second section is in a 30-degree angle with the axis of the bearing gland and is used as a lubricating medium output channel, and an opening of the lubricating medium output channel is aligned to the outer side of an inner ring raceway of the test bearing.
The axial loading device comprises an axial loading oil cylinder and an axial loading pin, the axial loading oil cylinder is connected with a bearing gland provided with an axial loading hole through a support frame, one end of the axial loading pin is inserted into the axial loading hole on the adjustable pre-pressing cover to contact with the outer ring of the test bearing, and the other end of the axial loading pin is contacted with the axial loading oil cylinder.
Two sets of non-contact infrared temperature measuring devices are arranged on the testing machine and respectively measure the temperatures of the test bearing and the ring-block friction pair.
The machine body of the testing machine is provided with the exhaust port and the air inlet so as to adopt forced heat dissipation to the whole machine, the air inlet is provided with the air filter, the exhaust port is connected with the fan so as to form negative pressure in the machine body, the bearing seat is provided with a plurality of through holes, under the mutual coordination of the exhaust port, the air inlet and the through holes on the bearing seat, the flow of air in the testing machine and the exchange of air inside and outside the testing machine can be facilitated, and the negative pressure environment is more favorable for the use of oil-gas lubrication, so that a relatively stable temperature environment is provided for the friction performance test of the testing bearing and the ring-block.
The power driving device consists of an electric spindle and a coupler, and the electric spindle drives the spindle to rotate through the coupler.
Compared with the prior art, the invention has the beneficial effects that:
according to the invention, through structural design, the functions of one testing machine are diversified, and the resource utilization rate is greatly improved.
The adjustable pre-compression cover designed by the invention saves design space, can apply pre-tightening force, can also apply stepless continuous adjustable axial loading according to test requirements, and can change a lubrication area along with the change of the mounting position of the bearing cover, thereby being convenient for obtaining the determination of the optimal lubrication oil supply position and angle in the test.
The radial loading device designed by the invention can realize stepless quantitative and accurate loading and can meet the requirement on loading force precision in the ring-block friction test. The force measuring device designed by the invention not only can accurately monitor the friction force on line, but also can realize that various lubrication forms such as oil gas lubrication, thin oil lubrication, dry friction and the like can be provided for the test piece in the friction and wear test process of the ring-block.
The cooling method designed by the invention not only improves the cooling efficiency of the testing machine and ensures the basically stable environmental temperature of the environment of the test piece, but also is beneficial to the use in the working condition of adopting the oil-gas lubrication test.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a top view of the complete machine of the comprehensive test machine of the present invention;
FIG. 2 is a cross-sectional view A-A of FIG. 1;
FIG. 3 is a cross-sectional view B-B of FIG. 1;
FIG. 4 is a cross-sectional view of a radial loading device in the integrated test machine of the present invention;
FIG. 5 is a diagram showing the relationship between a force measuring device and a ring-block friction pair used in a ring-block friction wear test in the comprehensive test machine, wherein the arrow in a medium channel of a sample holder indicates the flowing direction of a lubricating medium, and the arrow on a test ring indicates the rotating direction of the test ring;
FIG. 6 is a cross-sectional view of a ring-block frictional wear test unit of the integrated test machine of the present invention;
FIG. 7 is a view of an adjustable pre-compression cap in the integrated test machine of the present invention;
FIG. 8 is a cross-sectional view of an adjustable pretension gland in one of the radial tunnel locations in the integrated testing machine of the present invention;
FIG. 9 is a view of a positioning and compression cover in the integrated test machine of the present invention;
FIG. 10 is a schematic view of the position of the lubrication channel of the adjustable pretension gland in the integrated testing machine of the present invention at different installation positions;
FIG. 11 is a schematic diagram of a non-contact infrared temperature measuring device for measuring temperature of a test bearing or a ring-block friction pair in the comprehensive testing machine of the invention;
the marks in the figure: 1. the device comprises a machine body, 2, a coupler, 3, an electric spindle, 4, an air filter, 5, a K-type locking nut, 6, a test bearing, 7, a bearing seat top cover, 8, an adjustable pre-compression cover, 9, an axial loading pin, 10, an axial loading oil cylinder, 11, a positioning compression cover, 12, a radial loading device, 13, a taper shaft, 14, a locking screw, 15, a bearing seat base, 16, a spindle, 17, an exhaust port, 18, a mounting hole, 19, an axial loading hole, 20, a lubricating medium input channel, 21, a lubricating medium output channel, 22, a U-shaped notch, 23, an infrared temperature sensor, 24, a temperature sensor support frame, 25, a test block, 26, a force measuring device, 27, a test ring, 28 and a radial pore canal;
1201. the device comprises a hand wheel, 1202, a radial loading locking handle, 1203, a loading support frame, 1204, a radial loading rod, 1205, an upper seat of a spring seat, 1206, a spring, 1207, a lower seat of the spring seat, 1208, a pressure sensor, 1209, a loading frame, 1210 and a roller;
2601. sample holder 2602, tension sensor 2603, hinge rod 2604, pull rod holder 2605, and medium channel.
Detailed Description
The technical scheme of the invention is further described through specific embodiments with reference to the accompanying drawings.
As shown in the figure, a comprehensive testing machine is provided with a bearing testing unit and a ring-block friction and wear testing unit in a machine body, wherein the bearing testing unit and the ring-block friction and wear testing unit share a set of motorized spindle 3, a coupling 2, a spindle 16 and a radial loading device 12.
As shown in fig. 2, the bearing test unit comprises two test bearings 6, a bearing gland and an axial loading cylinder 10; the test bearing 6 adopts an angular contact bearing, is arranged in two bearing seats on the main shaft 16 back to back and is fixed by a K-shaped locking nut 5, and a bearing seat top cover 7 and a bearing seat base 15 are fixedly connected so as to compress the test bearing 6, so that the radial fixation of the test bearing 6 and the main shaft 16 is realized; the bearing gland 7 is a bearing outer ring gland with an annular structure, is respectively arranged on the opposite side surfaces of the two bearing seats, the structures of the bearing glands arranged on each test bearing 6 are different, one is a positioning compression cover 11 and is used for axially positioning the main shaft 16, the other is an adjustable pre-tightening gland 8, and the adjustable pre-tightening gland is matched with an axial loading device and is used for axially pre-tightening and axially loading adjustment of the test bearing 6.
As shown in fig. 2, 7 and 8, the adjustable pre-tightening gland 8 is mounted on the bearing seat base 15 and the bearing seat top cover 7, three radial tunnels 28 with different included angles are arranged in the adjustable pre-tightening gland 8 along the radial direction of the adjustable pre-tightening gland 8 to form a lubrication channel, oil gas lubrication or thin oil lubrication media are provided for the test bearing 6 according to different test requirements, each radial tunnel 28 is divided into two sections, the first section is perpendicular to the axis of the adjustable pre-tightening gland 8 and is used as a lubrication media input channel 20 and is connected with a lubrication pipeline, the second section forms an angle of 30 degrees with the axis of the adjustable pre-tightening gland 8 and is used as a lubrication media output channel 21, the opening of the lubrication media output channel 21 is a spray hole and is aligned with the outer side of an inner ring raceway of the test bearing 6, so as to finish the provision of the oil gas lubrication or the thin oil lubrication media for the test bearing 6; 6 mounting holes 18 are uniformly formed in the circumferential direction of the adjustable pre-compression cover 8 and used for mounting the adjustable pre-compression cover 8 on the bearing seat base 15 and the bearing seat top cover 7, and as the included angle between the adjacent mounting holes is different from the included angle between the radial pore channels serving as lubrication channels, the adjustable pre-compression cover 8 is rotated to change the mounting positions, so that the lubrication positions and the lubrication effects of the test bearings 6 can be adjusted; in order to axially load the test bearing 6, three axial loading holes 19 with an included angle of 120 degrees are formed in the adjustable pre-tightening gland 8, an axial loading pin 9 is installed in each axial loading hole 19, one end of each axial loading pin 9 is in contact with the outer ring of the test bearing 6, the other end of each axial loading pin contacts with a piston of the corresponding axial loading cylinder 10, the axial loading cylinders 10 apply axial pre-tightening and stepless variable loading to the outer ring of the test bearing 6 by pushing the axial loading pins 9, the axial loading cylinders 10 are installed on a supporting frame, and the supporting frame is installed on the adjustable pre-tightening gland 8 through screws.
As shown in fig. 2, 9 and 11, the positioning and pressing cover 11 is mounted on the bearing seat base 15 and the bearing seat top cover 7 of the other test bearing 6, the positioning and pressing cover 11 is provided with three radial holes 28 and six mounting holes in the same manner and structure as the adjustable pre-pressing cover 8, the inner edge of the positioning and pressing cover 11 is also provided with two opposite U-shaped notches 22, the adjustable nozzle device connected with the lubricating medium supply device provides oil-gas lubrication for the test bearing 6 through one of the U-shaped notches 22 at different spraying angles and spraying distances, an infrared temperature sensor 23 for measuring the temperature of the test bearing 6 is mounted on a temperature sensor support frame 24, and is aligned with the test bearing 6 through the other U-shaped notch 22, and the temperature sensor support frame 24 is mounted on the side wall of the machine body 1; the adjustable spray head device described therein may take the form of the structure disclosed in the published patent application No. 201711220824.
As shown in fig. 2 to 6, the ring-block friction and wear test unit is disposed at the end of the spindle 16 of the testing machine, and includes a test ring 27 and a test block 25 that form a ring-block friction pair, and a force measuring device 26 for measuring the friction force of the ring-block, where the spindle 16 adopts a hollow shaft, and the hollow portion of the end of the hollow shaft is provided with a tapered threaded hole, the taper shaft 13 for mounting the test ring 27 is mounted in the tapered threaded hole at the end of the spindle 16 and locked by the locking screw 14, the test ring 27 is mounted on the taper shaft 13, and the test ring 27 is fixed on the taper shaft 13 by a nut matched with the end of the taper shaft 13; the force measuring device 26 comprises a sample frame 2601, a tension sensor 2602, a hinge rod 2603 and a pull rod seat 2604, wherein the whole force measuring device 26 is supported by the pull rod seat 2604, the pull rod seat 2604 is fixed on the side wall of the tester by a screw, the hinge rod 2603 is connected with the pull rod seat 2604 through a shaft pin, the hinge rod 2603 and the pull rod seat 2604 can rotate, the other end of the hinge rod 2603 is connected with the tension sensor 2602, one end of the sample frame 2601 is connected with the tension sensor 2602, the sample frame 2601 and the hinge rod 2603 are respectively positioned at two opposite sides of the tension sensor 2602, a semicircular through hole is formed in the bottom of the sample frame 2601 so as to install a test block 25, a locking screw 14 used for locking the test block 25 is arranged at the other end of the sample frame 2601, and the bottom of the test block 25 is exposed and contacts with a test ring 27 to rub to form a ring-block friction pair; when the motorized spindle 3 drives the spindle 16 to rotate through the coupler 2, the test ring 27 arranged at the tail end of the spindle 16 synchronously rotates to perform a ring-block friction and wear test, the change of the friction force can cause the change of the tension force in the working process of the tester, and finally the tension force sensor 2602 transmits the measured tension force to a computer connected with the tension force sensor in real time, so that the accurate value of the friction force can be obtained.
Because the ring-block friction and wear test needs to be carried out under different lubrication medium working conditions, a medium channel 2605 for providing lubrication medium for the ring-block friction pair is arranged in the sample frame 2601, one end of the medium channel 2605 is provided with a lubrication oil hole and is connected with an external oil supply device, various flows of lubrication oil or oil gas can be provided respectively according to different requirements of the test, and no lubrication medium can be provided for dry friction test; the other end of the medium channel 2605 is opened at one side of the test block 25, a gap is reserved between the medium channel 2605 and the test block 25, and a lubricating medium flows between the test ring 27 and the test block 25 through the gap, so that the lubrication of the whole ring-block friction pair is completed; when different lubrication media are provided to the media channels 2605, multiple lubrication forms for the ring-block friction pair may be achieved.
The non-contact infrared temperature measuring device for measuring the temperature of the ring-block friction pair is arranged on the testing machine, and as shown in fig. 11, the non-contact infrared temperature measuring device comprises a temperature sensor supporting frame 24 and an infrared temperature sensor 23; when the temperature sensor is installed, the temperature sensor support frame 24 is installed on the side wall of the machine body 1 on one side of the ring-block friction pair through the installation hole, the infrared temperature sensor 23 is installed on the temperature sensor support frame 24 and points to the ring-block friction pair, and non-contact measurement of the temperature of the ring-block friction pair is realized.
As shown in fig. 4, the radial loading device 12 shared by the bearing test unit and the ring-block frictional wear test unit mainly comprises a hand wheel 1201, a radial loading rod 1204, a radial loading locking handle 1202, a loading support bracket 1203, a spring 1206, a spring seat, a pressure sensor 1208, a loading bracket 1209 and a roller 1210. The loading support frame 1203 is mounted on a bearing seat through a screw to support the whole radial loading device 12, the upper part of the radial loading rod 1204 is mounted on the loading support frame 1203 through threaded connection, the lower part is a guide rod with the diameter smaller than that of the upper part, the guide rod stretches into the mounting space of the loading support frame 1203, the spring 1206 and the spring seat are sleeved on the guide rod, two ends of the spring 1206 are respectively fixed on a spring seat upper seat 1205 and a spring seat lower seat 1207 of the spring seat, wherein the spring upper seat 1205 is propped against a shaft shoulder between the upper part and the lower part of the radial loading rod 1204, the lower end of the guide rod is inserted into a central column hole at the top of the spring seat lower seat 1207 and a movable space is reserved between the lower end of the guide rod and the hole bottom of the central column hole, a pressure sensor 1208 is mounted at the bottom of the spring seat lower seat 1207, the bottom of the pressure sensor 1208 is connected with a loading frame 1209, a roller 1210 capable of freely rotating is mounted on the loading frame 1209, the roller 1210 is contacted with the top of a sample frame 2601 of the force measuring device 26, and the loading frame 1209 is mounted at the lower part of the loading support frame 1203; a hand wheel 1201 is arranged at the top end of the radial loading rod 1204, the hand wheel 1201 is rotated, the radial loading rod 1204 rotates along with the hand wheel 1201, the radial loading rod 1204 moves upwards or downwards under the action of a threaded connection part of the loading support frame 1203, the radial loading adjustment of the ring-block friction and wear test is realized by adjusting the compression amount of the spring 1206 through the upper seat 1205 of the spring seat, and the change of the radial force can be accurately measured through the pressure sensor 1208, so that quantitative loading is realized; a radial loading locking handle 1202 is arranged below the hand wheel 1201, and the radial loading rod 1204 is locked after the radial force is applied, so that the applied radial force is constant.
In order to improve the cooling effect of the testing machine, as shown in fig. 1 and 2, an air suction opening 17 and an air inlet are formed in the machine body 1, an air filter 4 is installed at the air inlet to prevent impurities from entering the testing machine, a fan is installed at one end of the air suction opening 17 to perform air suction, and a plurality of through holes are formed in the bearing seat base 15 to improve the gas fluidity in the machine body 1. The cooling method can directly cool the inside of the testing machine, the main shaft 16 and the like, has good cooling effect, can lead the inside of the machine body 1 to form negative pressure by adopting the air draft, and is beneficial to the use of oil-gas lubrication.
The characteristics of the bearing cover will be described below using the adjustable pre-compression cover 8 as an example.
Three radial pore canals 28 are formed in the adjustable pre-tightening gland 8, each radial pore canal 28 is used as a lubrication channel consisting of a lubrication oil input channel 20 and a lubrication oil output channel 21, every two included angles between the lubrication channels are 115 degrees, 120 degrees and 125 degrees respectively, and the included angles between 6 mounting holes 18 are 60 degrees respectively, so that different lubrication angles can be obtained by changing the positions of the mounting holes 18. As shown in the schematic diagrams of the positions of the lubricating oil output channels of the adjustable pre-tightening gland in different installation positions in fig. 10, the included angle of the 2 bottom lubricating oil output channels 21 in fig. 10a is 125 degrees, and when the adjustable pre-tightening gland is installed by rotating 120 degrees anticlockwise, the included angle of the 2 bottom lubricating oil output channels 21 in fig. 10b is changed into 120 degrees; when the installation position shown in fig. 10a is rotated clockwise by 120 deg. to obtain fig. 10c, the clamping angle of the bottom 2 lubrication oil outlet passages 21 thereof becomes 115 deg.. Because the position of the test bearing 6 for bearing radial force can be changed along with the change of the rotating speed in the working process, when the rotating speed is high, the bearing area can deviate to two sides, so that the change of the bearing lubrication position can be changed by changing the mounting position of the bearing gland according to the test rotating speed in order to ensure that the test bearing 6 can achieve the optimal lubrication effect.
The operation of the testing machine will be described below.
Because the bearing test unit and the ring-block friction and wear test unit of the testing machine share the main shaft 16, the coupler 2 and the electric main shaft 3, the bearing test unit and the ring-block friction and wear test unit can operate simultaneously or independently when the testing machine works.
When the bearing test is carried out, related test items such as bearing lubricating performance, axial loading performance, thin oil lubrication, oil-gas lubrication oil supply and the like can be completed without adding related parts of the ring-block friction and wear test unit, if the radial loading device 12 is additionally arranged, the radial loading device 12 can directly or indirectly press the main shaft 16 through the roller 1210 to provide radial loading for the test bearing 6, so that the test of the radial loading performance of the bearing is completed; in the course of the ring-block friction wear test, the axial loading cylinder 10 only provides an appropriate preload for the test bearing 6.
When the bearing test is carried out, after the tester works, the electric spindle 3 drives the spindle 16 to rotate through the coupler 2, the test bearing 6 also rotates along with the spindle, and the axial loading cylinder 10 applies axial force corresponding to the rotating speed to the axial loading pin 9 under the control of the electric and hydraulic device, so that the axial loading of the test bearing 6 is completed; the lubricating medium used in the test reaches the outer side of the inner ring raceway of the test bearing 6 through a radial pore canal on the bearing cover, so that the tests of lubricating performance, thin oil lubrication or oil supply quantity of oil gas lubrication and the like are completed; on the basis of the structure, the test of the bearing can be finished by detecting the data related to the working process of the bearing through the temperature sensor, the infrared temperature sensor and the vibration sensor on the upper and lower sides of each bearing seat.
For the ring-block friction and wear test, after the tester starts to work, the electric spindle 3 drives the spindle 16 to rotate through the coupler 2, the conical shaft 13 arranged on the spindle 16 also rotates along with the spindle, and the test ring 27 arranged on the conical shaft 13 also rotates along with the spindle and rubs with the test block 25. The hand wheel 1201 is rotated in the test process, the radial loading rod 1204 rotates along with the hand wheel, the rotation is changed into radial displacement through the threaded connection between the radial loading rod 1204 and the loading support frame 1203, the radial displacement acts on the upper spring seat 1205 through the shaft shoulder, the spring 1206 acts on the spring 1206, the spring 1206 deforms, the force generated by deformation acts on the lower spring seat 1207, the lower spring seat 1207 transmits the force to the pressure sensor 1208, the pressure sensor 1208 transmits the pressure to the loading frame 1209 on one hand, the pressure received by the pressure sensor 1208 is transmitted to the computer on the other hand, and the loader adjusts and completes quantitative and accurate loading of the radial force through observing data transmitted to the computer by the pressure sensor 1208. The loading frame 1209 transmits the radial force to the roller 1210, and the roller 1210 contacts the sample frame 2601 and finally transmits the radial force to the test block 25 mounted on the sample frame 2601, thereby completing the quantitative change of the force between the ring-block friction pair. After determining that the applied force meets the test requirements, twisting the radial load handle 1202 completes locking the radial load lever 1204, ensuring that the magnitude of the applied radial force is constant.
In the test process, the friction force between the ring-block friction pair is changed along with the change of the acting force and the provided lubrication medium condition, at the moment, the friction force is transmitted to the tension sensor 2602 through the sample frame 2601 by the test block 25, and the tension sensor 2602 outputs the friction force to a computer, so that an accurate value of the friction force can be obtained. The non-contact infrared temperature measuring device can realize non-contact measurement of the temperature of the ring-block friction pair in the test process, and different needed lubricating mediums can lubricate the ring-block friction pair through the medium channel 2605 of the sample holder 2601.
Claims (10)
1. The utility model provides a comprehensive testing machine, includes power drive arrangement, by power drive arrangement drive rotatory main shaft (16) and radial loading device (12), its characterized in that: the device also comprises a bearing test unit and a ring-block friction and wear test unit, wherein the bearing test unit and the ring-block friction and wear test unit share a set of power driving device, a main shaft (16) and a radial loading device (12);
the bearing test unit comprises two test bearings (6), bearing covers (8, 11) and an axial loading device, wherein the test bearings (6) are respectively arranged in two bearing seats on a main shaft (16) and rotate along with the main shaft (16), the bearing covers (8, 11) are arranged on one side of each bearing seat through a plurality of mounting holes (18) which are uniformly distributed in the circumferential direction, a plurality of radial pore channels (28) are arranged in the bearing covers (8, 11) and are used as lubricating channels, oil gas lubrication or thin oil lubrication media are provided for the test bearings (6) according to different test requirements, the included angles of the radial pore channels (28) are mutually unequal, and the included angles are not equal to the included angles between two adjacent mounting holes (18); the axial loading device performs axial pre-tightening or axial loading adjustment on the test bearing (6);
the ring-block friction and wear test unit mainly comprises a ring-block friction pair and a force measuring device (26), wherein a test ring (27) in the ring-block friction pair is arranged on a main shaft (16) and rotates along with the main shaft (16), a test block (25) is arranged on the force measuring device (26), the force measuring device (26) is used for measuring the magnitude of the ring-block friction force, and a medium channel (2605) for providing different lubricating mediums for the ring-block friction pair is arranged on the force measuring device (26); the radial loading device (12) is contacted with the force measuring device (26), and radial force is transmitted to the ring-block friction pair through the force measuring device (26) and radial loading adjustment is carried out.
2. A comprehensive testing machine according to claim 1, wherein: the force measuring device (26) mainly comprises a sample frame (2601), a tension sensor (2602), a hinge rod (2603) and a pull rod seat (2604) which are sequentially connected, the hinge rod (2603) is rotationally connected with the pull rod seat (2604), a through hole for installing a test block (25) is formed in the lower portion of the sample frame (2601), the through hole is exposed out of the lower portion of the test block (25) and is in contact with the test ring (27), a gap for a lubricating medium to flow out is reserved between the test block (25) and an outlet of the medium channel (2605), and the pull rod seat (2604) is installed on the side wall of the tester.
3. A comprehensive testing machine according to claim 1, wherein: the tail end of the main shaft (16) is provided with a taper shaft (13), and the test ring (27) is arranged on the taper shaft (13).
4. A comprehensive testing machine according to claim 2, wherein: the radial loading device (12) mainly comprises a hand wheel (1201), a radial loading rod (1204), a radial loading locking handle (1202), a loading support frame (1203), a spring (1206), a spring seat, a pressure sensor (1208), a loading frame (1209) and a roller (1210), wherein the loading support frame (1203) is fixedly arranged on a bearing seat adjacent to the radial loading rod (1204), the radial loading rod (1204) is in threaded connection with the loading support frame (1203), the spring (1206) and the spring seat are arranged at the lower part of the radial loading rod (1204), the top of the spring seat (1205) is propped against the shaft shoulder of the radial loading rod (1204), the lower seat (1207) of the spring seat is connected with the pressure sensor (1208), the pressure sensor (1208) is connected with a loading frame (1209) provided with a freely rotating roller (1210), the roller (1210) is in contact with the sample frame (2601), the loading frame (1209) is arranged on the loading support frame (1203), the hand wheel (1201) is arranged at the top end of the radial loading rod (1204), and the radial loading locking handle (1202) is arranged between the hand wheel (1201) and the loading rod (1204) so as to lock the radial loading rod (1204).
5. A comprehensive testing machine according to claim 1, wherein: the bearing covers (8, 11) are provided with three radial pore passages (28), the included angles between every two radial pore passages (28) are 115 degrees, 120 degrees and 125 degrees respectively, and the number of the mounting holes (18) is 6.
6. A comprehensive testing machine according to claim 5, wherein: the radial pore canal (28) is divided into two communicated sections, the first section is perpendicular to the axes of the bearing covers (8 and 11) and is used as a lubricating medium input channel (20), the second section forms an angle of 30 degrees with the axes of the bearing covers (8 and 11) and is used as a lubricating medium output channel (21), and an opening of the lubricating medium output channel (21) is aligned with the outer side of an inner ring raceway of the test bearing (6).
7. A comprehensive testing machine according to claim 1, wherein: the axial loading device comprises an axial loading oil cylinder (10) and an axial loading pin (9), the axial loading oil cylinder (10) is connected with a bearing gland (8) provided with an axial loading hole (19) through a support frame, one end of the axial loading pin (9) is inserted into the axial loading hole (19) to be in contact with the outer ring of the test bearing (6), and the other end of the axial loading pin is in contact with a piston of the axial loading oil cylinder (10).
8. A comprehensive testing machine according to claim 1, wherein: two sets of non-contact infrared temperature measuring devices are arranged on the testing machine and respectively measure the temperatures of the test bearing (6) and the ring-block friction pair.
9. A comprehensive testing machine according to claim 1, wherein: an exhaust opening (17) and an air inlet are formed in a machine body (1) of the testing machine so as to forcedly dissipate heat of the whole machine, an air filter (4) is arranged at the air inlet, the exhaust opening (17) is connected with a fan so as to form negative pressure in the machine body (1), and a plurality of through holes are formed in a bearing seat.
10. A comprehensive testing machine according to claim 1, wherein: the power driving device consists of an electric spindle (3) and a coupler (2), and the electric spindle (3) drives the spindle to rotate through the coupler (2).
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| CN109187026A (en) * | 2018-11-13 | 2019-01-11 | 哈尔滨理工大学 | High-speed high-precision electric mainshaft bearing is comprehensive performance test bed |
| CN109540722B (en) * | 2019-01-28 | 2021-09-17 | 河海大学常州校区 | Multifunctional friction and wear test device |
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| CN110887662B (en) * | 2019-10-28 | 2021-03-16 | 武汉理工大学 | Open type water lubrication tail bearing test bed for ship |
| CN110608964A (en) * | 2019-10-31 | 2019-12-24 | 东风商用车有限公司 | Wear test device for friction pair |
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| CN112147068B (en) * | 2020-11-06 | 2023-04-18 | 西北工业大学 | High-speed high-temperature friction wear test bed adopting symmetric loading |
| CN113567121A (en) * | 2021-08-27 | 2021-10-29 | 中浙高铁轴承有限公司 | Helicopter engine input end shafting bearing test loading device |
| CN114720119A (en) * | 2022-03-25 | 2022-07-08 | 燕山大学 | Comprehensive fault simulation test bed considering multidirectional loading working condition for plate and strip rolling mill |
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