CN108316949B - Tunnel roof arch hollow-free lining method - Google Patents
Tunnel roof arch hollow-free lining method Download PDFInfo
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- CN108316949B CN108316949B CN201810126446.7A CN201810126446A CN108316949B CN 108316949 B CN108316949 B CN 108316949B CN 201810126446 A CN201810126446 A CN 201810126446A CN 108316949 B CN108316949 B CN 108316949B
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- E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
- E21—EARTH DRILLING; MINING
- E21D—SHAFTS; TUNNELS; GALLERIES; LARGE UNDERGROUND CHAMBERS
- E21D11/00—Lining tunnels, galleries or other underground cavities, e.g. large underground chambers; Linings therefor; Making such linings in situ, e.g. by assembling
- E21D11/04—Lining with building materials
- E21D11/10—Lining with building materials with concrete cast in situ; Shuttering also lost shutterings, e.g. made of blocks, of metal plates or other equipment adapted therefor
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- E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
- E21—EARTH DRILLING; MINING
- E21D—SHAFTS; TUNNELS; GALLERIES; LARGE UNDERGROUND CHAMBERS
- E21D11/00—Lining tunnels, galleries or other underground cavities, e.g. large underground chambers; Linings therefor; Making such linings in situ, e.g. by assembling
- E21D11/04—Lining with building materials
- E21D11/10—Lining with building materials with concrete cast in situ; Shuttering also lost shutterings, e.g. made of blocks, of metal plates or other equipment adapted therefor
- E21D11/102—Removable shuttering; Bearing or supporting devices therefor
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- E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
- E21—EARTH DRILLING; MINING
- E21D—SHAFTS; TUNNELS; GALLERIES; LARGE UNDERGROUND CHAMBERS
- E21D11/00—Lining tunnels, galleries or other underground cavities, e.g. large underground chambers; Linings therefor; Making such linings in situ, e.g. by assembling
- E21D11/04—Lining with building materials
- E21D11/10—Lining with building materials with concrete cast in situ; Shuttering also lost shutterings, e.g. made of blocks, of metal plates or other equipment adapted therefor
- E21D11/105—Transport or application of concrete specially adapted for the lining of tunnels or galleries ; Backfilling the space between main building element and the surrounding rock, e.g. with concrete
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
- Y02E10/00—Energy generation through renewable energy sources
- Y02E10/20—Hydro energy
Abstract
The invention discloses a tunnel top arch hollow-free lining method, which is characterized in that an observation tube is arranged on a top arch template in a hollow manner, the pouring condition is observed when concrete pouring is carried out, and whether grouting with a mould is carried out or not is determined according to the observed condition. According to the invention, the two-lining pouring condition is monitored by arranging the observation pipes on the trolley roof arch, and the observation probes are used for extending into the observation pipes to observe the concrete pouring condition in the template, so that the generation of a cavity is effectively prevented, and a plurality of observation pipes can be arranged on the template, thereby realizing omnibearing monitoring.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to a tunnel lining method, in particular to a top arch lining method.
Background
When the lining trolley is used for secondary lining of a tunnel, the existence of a cavity in concrete can greatly influence the strength of the tunnel, and under the general condition, the lining trolley is easy to generate the cavity at the arch part, the cavity is not easy to be found in the pouring process, and the cavity is only found when the lining trolley is demoulded; even after demoulding, no voids are visible, but there are already voids inside the concrete. The main reasons are as follows: (1) When the lining trolley fills the upper part of the top arch, as no filling window exists, only a filling port and a filling person cannot observe the filling condition of the upper part of the top arch like the filling window, namely the filling condition of the upper part of the top arch cannot be clearly observed. (2) And (3) placing concrete blanking at the position where the reinforcing steel bars are dense or at the position where the holes and the embedded parts are reserved, and continuously pouring upper concrete without vibrating. (3) The intermediate stop pumping time is too long when pumping concrete. And (4) poor flowability of concrete. (5) Concrete segregation, mortar separation, piling of stones, serious slurry leakage, no vibration, or excessive and excessive blanking of dry and hard concrete with a vertical structure, excessive blanking, and insufficient vibration of a vibrator to form loose holes. The concrete of (6) contains water, soil or other impurities.
When the tunnel is lined secondarily, the reperfusion needs to be dismantled if the cavitation occurs, and the method is time-consuming, labor-consuming and high in cost. In order to avoid the situation, a camera is installed at the highest position of a top arch of a plug plate at the last pouring end of a lining trolley, the pouring condition of concrete in a top arch template during secondary lining is monitored through the camera, or no camera is directly seen by human eyes to prevent a cavity, but 4 pouring openings are generally uniformly distributed at the highest position of the top arch of the lining trolley along the longitudinal direction of a tunnel due to longer template (more than 10 meters), each pouring opening of the secondary lining is high in concrete at the pouring opening in the pouring process, the pouring opening is high, the gradient around the pouring opening is low, and the camera only can observe the pouring condition close to the face of the camera, and the pouring condition behind the pouring opening is observed by the camera due to the high concrete at the pouring opening.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to solve the technical problems: aiming at the problem that the current observation means can not observe the pouring condition behind the top arch template pouring opening when the top arch pouring opening is poured, the lining method capable of observing the secondary lining of the top arch in all directions is provided.
The technical scheme of the invention is as follows:
a tunnel roof arch hollow-free lining method comprises the following steps:
1. a grouting hole and an observation hole are formed in the trolley vault template, and a closing device is welded below the grouting hole and the observation hole;
2. after the trolley template is positioned according to the geometric requirement of the second lining, the grouting pipe and the observation pipe pass through the grouting hole and the observation hole to carry out test measurement, and whether the installation length of the grouting pipe and the observation pipe meets the requirements of grouting, observation and whether the grouting pipe is used for testing the concrete to be full or not is determined;
3. mounting a grouting pipe and an observation pipe, making marks after the grouting pipe is inserted to prop against the waterproof plate, cutting the grouting pipe, and forming a cross groove on the upper end surface of the grouting pipe; fixing the grouting pipe and the observation pipe on the closing device;
4. and (3) pouring concrete into the second lining of the top arch and observing the pouring condition, when the top arch concrete is poured in sequence by using the pouring ports, extending the observation probes from each observation pipe to the top for observation, monitoring the pouring condition of the concrete, taking out the observation pipes when the concrete is observed to be close to the upper ends of the observation pipes, continuing pouring until the next pouring port is used for bleeding, and replacing the pouring ports for continuing pouring.
After step four, if voids are observed to be generated, the following steps are performed:
5. grouting liquid preparation and grouting with a top arch belt mould, and grouting the void area between the back of the secondary lining and the waterproof board by using a grouting pipe.
6. Observing the pressure gauge and the slurry outlet of the exhaust hole
7. And after grouting is finished, removing the hose of the grouting machine, and sealing and compacting the grouting pipe.
After step four, if no void generation is observed, the following steps are performed: and (5) pulling out the grouting pipe to plug the grouting hole.
In the first step, the upper surface of the closing device is provided with a chute, a plugboard is arranged in the chute, and the lower end of the closing device is connected with a positioning flange through a stud.
In the third step, the observation tube is retracted for 3-5cm for fixation after touching the waterproof plate.
In the fourth step, the observation probe is taken down, the top of the observation tube is sealed, and then the observation tube is taken out to seal the observation hole.
An operating rod is arranged in the observation tube, and an observation probe is arranged at the top of the operating rod.
The top end of the operating rod is connected with the blocking plate, the upper end of the observation tube is provided with a sealing step surface, the operating rod is pulled down, and the sealing step surface is matched with the inner side of the blocking plate.
The other end of the operating rod is connected with the blocking plate through the ball head, the inner wall surface of the upper end of the observation tube is provided with a sealing ring, the operating rod is reversely inserted into the observation tube and pushed upwards, and the upper surface of the blocking plate is matched with the lower surface of the sealing ring.
The grouting holes and the observation holes are positioned between two adjacent pouring holes and at two ends of the template.
The invention has the beneficial effects that:
according to the method, the observation tube is arranged on the top arch template, the observation probe extends into the observation template from the observation tube to observe the concrete pouring condition, and the occurrence of a cavity is effectively prevented. A plurality of observation pipes can be arranged on the template, so that the omnibearing monitoring is realized.
The upper end of the observation tube is provided with a blocking plate which is used for sealing the upper end when the observation tube is removed and blocking concrete from leaking from the observation tube. When the observation probe tube exits the top arch template, the top arch opening is closed by adopting the plugboard to block the concrete, and the concrete cannot leak out after the observation tube is removed.
The size of the cavity can be clearly seen through the observation probe, the grouting amount of the cavity can be estimated approximately before cavity grouting is carried out, and the grouting amount is observed to be used as a reference for whether the cavity is filled.
Description of the drawings:
FIG. 1 is a schematic diagram of the overall structure of the present invention.
Fig. 2 is a schematic view of the structure of the observation tube in example 1.
Fig. 3 is a schematic view showing the fixing structure of the observation tube in example 2.
Fig. 4 is a schematic view of the sealing structure of the observation tube in example 2.
Fig. 5 is a schematic view showing the sealing and mounting structure of the observation tube in example 3.
Fig. 6 is a schematic view of a closing device.
Fig. 7 is a schematic layout of embodiment 4.
The specific embodiment is as follows:
example 1: the observation tube in this embodiment is an integrated observation tube of an integrated camera.
An observation hole is formed in a vault template of the lining trolley, a closing device 4 is welded below the observation hole, the closing device 4 is composed of a fixed flange and an inserting plate 10, the fixed flange is connected with a locating flange 5 on an observation pipe 2 through a hinged bolt, the observation pipe 2 is convenient to disassemble and assemble, a chute is formed in the upper end face of the fixed flange of the closing device 4, an inserting plate 10 is arranged in the chute, the inserting plate 10 is tightly attached to the vault template, and after the inserting plate 10 is used for taking out the observation pipe 2, the observing hole is blocked by the moving inserting plate 10, and concrete cannot leak. The center of the positioning flange 5 is provided with a positioning cylinder 16, the cylinder wall is provided with a bolt hole, and the observation tube 2 is inserted into the positioning cylinder 16 and passes through the observation hole to extend into a place close to the tunnel waterproof plate. Note that the reinforcing bars are left out, otherwise, the observation tube 2 and 2 grouting tubes 1 cannot be installed.
The upper end of the observation tube 2 is sealed, a section of observation window 18 is arranged at the top of the observation tube 2, the observation window 18 is made of annular transparent materials, a camera, an illuminating lamp, a stepping motor and a stand column 17 are arranged in the observation window 18, the camera and the illuminating lamp are arranged on a horizontal stepping motor shaft, the stepping motor is arranged on another vertical stepping motor shaft, 360-degree horizontal rotation and 15-degree up-down rotation observation of the camera and the illuminating lamp are realized, the vertical stepping motor is connected with the stand column 17, and the lower end of the observation tube 2 is fixed on the observation tube 2. The side wall of the lower section of the observation tube 2 is provided with a positioning hole for positioning the height of the observation tube 2.
The concrete construction method comprises the following steps:
(1) Trolley roof opening installation observation pipe 2 and grouting pipe 1
The highest position of the lining trolley top arch form is provided with a viewing hole and two grouting holes (wherein 1 grouting pipe 1 is used as a middle exhaust pipe or an end mould exhaust pipe or a standby grouting pipe) at the side of the pouring opening 3 close to the last ring lining, and the distance of 1 lining thickness (in order to ensure that the viewing pipe 2 and the grouting pipe 1 are in blank spaces of steel bars, the distance is only approximate), and the steel bars are required to be released, otherwise, the viewing pipe 2 and the 2 grouting pipes 1 cannot be installed. The general lining trolley top arch template is provided with 4 pouring openings, 5 groups of holes for installing the observation pipes 2 and 2 grouting pipes 1 are reserved according to the number of the pouring openings, the holes for installing the observation pipes 2 and 2 grouting pipes 1 in the middle 3 groups are positioned on one side of the pouring opening 3 close to the previous ring of lining, and the distance of the lining thickness is 1; the holes of the two ends of each 1 group of installation observation pipes 2 and 2 grouting pipes 1 are about 20cm of the lining. The 4 groups of holes starting from the last ring of lining that has been lined are used for the case where one end has been lined to overlap one ring of lining and the other end has not been lined yet, and the last 1 groups are used for the case where both ends of the lining trolley have been overlapped. A closing device 4 is welded and installed below the observation hole and the grouting hole, and an observation tube 2 is installed on the observation tube hole closing device 4. 2 grouting pipe holes (10 grouting pipe holes in total) are formed near each observation pipe 2, a grouting pipe hole closing device 4 is installed, and a grouting pipe 1 and a positioning flange 5 are installed on the grouting pipe hole closing device 4. When grouting is needed, a grouting system is connected with the positioning flange 5.
(2) The template is positioned according to the geometric requirement of the second lining.
After the trolley and the template, the prepared RPC grouting pipe 1 is subjected to 'test-through' measurement at the reserved hole, whether the thickness of the two liners detected by the grouting pipe 1 meets the design requirement is determined, and the concrete standard is that the grouting pipe 1 props against the length of the waterproof board by +2cm.
(3) Recording depth of grouting pipe 1 on recording plate
According to the operation in (2), marking is made to record the embedded depth of the RPC pipe after the grouting pipe 1 is propped against the waterproof plate: the mark is a line, and one is a line which is matched with the outer template of the second lining template (used for detecting whether the thickness of the second lining meets the requirement or not); the other is the blanking length of the outer template line of the two lining templates, namely the RPC grouting pipe (exhaust pipe), which is +2cm. The upper end face of the grouting pipe 1 is provided with a cross groove. The grouting pipe 1 and the observation pipe 2 are respectively installed in the flanges and fixed. The grouting pipe 1 is fixed by adopting a connecting steel pipe, a proper positioning hole is determined after the observation pipe 2 rises to touch the top, and a bolt 19 passes through a perforation on the positioning flange 5 and the positioning hole on the observation pipe 2 to fix the observation pipe 2.
(4) And the two lining pouring openings 3 are used for pouring concrete and observing the pouring condition.
When the vault concrete is poured, the observation probe 12 at the top of the observation tube 2 is utilized for observation, the observation probe 12 can horizontally rotate by 360 degrees and pitch up and down by 15 degrees, the pouring condition of the concrete is monitored until the concrete is observed to be close to the upper end of the observation tube 2, the observation tube 2 is taken out, the plugboard 10 on the device 4 is closed, the grouting is continued until the next pouring opening 3 is filled with the grout, and the pouring opening 3 is replaced for continuous grouting. And pouring concrete into the next pouring opening 3 in sequence, and repeating the operation until the top arch is fully filled. If the observation tube 2 sees a concrete cavity with a secondary lining of the tunnel, the next grouting preparation and the grouting with the mould are carried out.
(5) And (5) grouting liquid preparation and grouting with a mold.
Dome grouting is basically performed by starting grouting from a low end to a high end. 2-3 hours after the secondary lining concrete is poured, filling mortar is adopted as grouting material, and the water-cement ratio is 0.18; grouting is operated by a special pulping and grouting integrated machine. The slurry is required to be continuously stirred, and the material consumption is strictly monitored in the stirring process, so that the quality of the slurry is ensured. Grouting is carried out on a void area between the back of the secondary lining and the waterproof board by using the grouting pipe 1, so that the secondary lining vault is prevented from falling off and the concrete is not compact.
(6) Observing the pressure gauge and the slurry outlet of the exhaust hole
And (3) the grouting ending mark finishes grouting after thick slurry flows out from the vent hole and the end mould. If the slurry outlet pressure at the trolley template reaches 1.0MPa, the slurry is not yet discharged, the slurry injection of the exhaust holes should be replaced until the slurry is discharged from the middle exhaust holes and the end mould exhaust holes.
(7) And after grouting is finished, the hose of the grouting machine is disassembled, and the grouting pipe 1 is plugged compactly.
(8) And removing the positioning flange 5 after the slurry is initially set.
Example 2: in this embodiment, the trolley end mould is removed for lining the condition that both ends of the trolley are lapped and lined, and the upper end of the observation tube 2 is perforated, and a sealing mode is adopted from the inside of the tube upwards.
(1) Tunnel secondary lining trolley top arch form hole
The highest position of the lining trolley top arch form is provided with an observation pipe 2 and 2 grouting pipes 1 (wherein 1 grouting pipe 1 is used as an intermediate exhaust pipe or an end mould exhaust pipe or a standby grouting pipe) which are arranged on the side of the pouring opening 3 close to the lining of the last ring by 1 lining thickness distance. The common lining trolley top arch template is provided with 4 pouring openings, 5 groups of holes for installing the observation pipes 2 and 2 grouting pipes 1 are reserved according to the number of the pouring openings, and the positions of the holes for installing the observation pipes 2 and 2 grouting pipes 1 in the middle 3 groups are positioned between two adjacent pouring openings 3; holes of the observation pipes 2 and the 2 grouting pipes 1 are respectively arranged at 1 group at two ends, and are about 20cm of the lining. The lining trolley top arch template is provided with holes, 5 holes for installing the observation pipes 2 are formed along the highest longitudinal position of the top arch template, a closing device 4 for installing the observation pipes is arranged, the closing device 4 is welded below the top arch template, a positioning flange 5 is connected with the closing device 4 through bolts, a chute is formed in the upper end face of the closing device 4, a plugboard 10 is arranged in the chute, and the observation holes can be closed or opened through sliding the plugboard 10. On the sight tube hole closing means, a sight tube 2 is installed. If the steel bars exist, the observation tube 2 and the grouting tubes 1 are arranged in the blank spaces of the steel bars, the observation tube 2 and the grouting tubes 1 are arranged on the same cross section, the highest position along the circumference is the observation tube 2, and 1 grouting tube 1 is arranged on each of the two sides of the observation tube 2 and is close to the highest position in the middle as much as possible. The other 4 sets of observation tubes 2 and grouting tubes 1 are also arranged in the same way.
(2) And (5) positioning the lining trolley according to the geometric requirement of the second lining.
In the embodiment, the grouting pipe 1 adopts an RPC pipe, when the lining trolley is used for setting up a mould, the positions of all the observation pipes 2 and the grouting pipe 1 are ensured to be in blank spaces of reinforcing steel bars, and after the mould setting is completed, the observation pipes 2, the grouting pipe 1 and the positioning flange 5 are installed. The prepared RPC grouting pipe 1 is subjected to 'test-on' measurement through the grouting pipe hole closing device 4, the installation length of the RPC grouting pipe 1 is determined, whether the thickness of the second lining meets the design requirement is detected, and the concrete standard is that the length of the RPC grouting pipe propped against the waterproof board is +2cm.
(3) The RPC pipe embedding depth was recorded on the recording plate, and the grouting pipe 1 was cut.
According to the operation in (2), after the RPC grouting pipe 1 is pressed against the waterproof board, marking is made to record the embedded depth of the RPC pipe: the mark is a line, and one is a line which is matched with the outer template of the second lining template (used for detecting whether the thickness of the second lining meets the requirement or not); the other is the blanking length of the outer template line of the two lining templates, namely the RPC grouting pipe (exhaust pipe), which is +2cm. The upper end face of the grouting pipe 1 is provided with a cross groove. The grouting pipe 1 and the positioning flange 5 of the grouting pipe 1 are installed, the baffle 6 is installed on the positioning flange 5 of the observation hole after the grouting pipe 2 is inserted, the baffle 6 is fixed through bolts 9, and a hole is formed in the center of the baffle 6.
(4) And the two lining pouring openings 3 are used for pouring concrete and observing the pouring condition.
And sequentially pouring the second lining concrete according to the sequence of the pouring openings. The observation probe 12 is extended into the observation tube 2 through the operation rod 7, the observation probe mainly comprises a miniature camera and an illuminating lamp, and the observation probe 12 is tightly attached to the waterproof board. The observation probe 12 is horizontally rotated by 360 degrees and vertically rotated by 15 degrees, and the observation probe is horizontally and vertically rotated by a stepping motor 22, or is manually driven to horizontally and vertically rotate. When the concrete is full, the observation probe 12 is taken out firstly, the other end of the operation rod 7 is hinged with the blocking plate 8 through the ball head, the inner end surface of the upper end of the observation tube 2 is provided with a sealing ring, the operation rod 7 is reversely inserted into the observation tube 2, the top end of the observation tube is provided with a stepped annular surface as the sealing ring, and the upper surface of the blocking plate 8 is matched with the lower surface of the sealing ring. Pressing the blocking plate 8 on the sealing ring for sealing, taking out the observation tube 2, closing the insertion plate 10 on the observation tube hole closing device, blocking the observation hole, and continuing pouring until the grouting tube 1 bleeds. And pouring concrete into the next pouring opening 3 in sequence, and repeating the operation until the top arch is fully filled.
Depending on the perfusion observed by the observation probe 12, it is decided whether to perform the following steps, which are necessary if cavity formation is observed.
(5) And (5) grouting liquid preparation and grouting with a mold.
Top arch grouting is basically performed by starting grouting from a low end to a high end. 2-3 hours after the secondary lining concrete is poured, filling mortar is adopted as grouting material, and the water-cement ratio is 0.18; grouting is operated by a special pulping and grouting integrated machine. The slurry is required to be continuously stirred, and the material consumption is strictly monitored in the stirring process, so that the quality of the slurry is ensured. Grouting is carried out on the void area between the back of the secondary lining and the waterproof board by using the grouting pipe 1, so that the secondary lining arch is prevented from falling off and the concrete is not compact.
(6) The pressure gauge and vent holes were observed for slurry.
And (3) the grouting ending mark finishes grouting after thick slurry flows out from the vent hole and the end mould. If the slurry outlet pressure at the trolley template reaches 1.0MPa, the slurry is not yet discharged, the slurry injection of the exhaust holes should be replaced until the slurry is discharged from the middle exhaust holes and the end mould exhaust holes.
(7) And after grouting is finished, the hose of the grouting machine is disassembled, and the grouting pipe 1 is plugged compactly.
(8) And removing the positioning flange 5 after the slurry is initially set.
Example 3: the lining method of the observation probe 12 at the top end of the original end mould is not dismantled, the lining method is used for the condition that one end of the observation probe is already lined and lapped with a ring of lining, the other end of the observation probe is not yet lined, and the upper end of the observation tube 2 in the embodiment is perforated and is sealed by pressing downwards from outside the tube. The method comprises the following specific steps:
(1) Lining trolley top arch form hole
The highest position of the lining trolley top arch formwork is provided with a lining thickness distance of 1 lining thickness (in order to ensure that the observation pipe 2 and the grouting pipe 1 are in the blank space of the steel bar, the distance is only approximate value), an observation hole and a grouting hole are drilled, the observation pipe 2 and 2 grouting pipes 1 are additionally installed (1 grouting pipe 1 is used as an intermediate exhaust pipe or an end mould exhaust pipe or a standby grouting pipe), and the steel bar is required to be separated, otherwise, the observation pipe 2 and 2 grouting pipes 1 cannot be installed. The common lining trolley top arch template is provided with 4 pouring openings, 4 groups of holes for installing the observation pipes 2 and 2 grouting pipes 1 are reserved according to the number of the pouring openings, the positions of the holes for installing the observation pipes 2 and 2 grouting pipes 1 in the middle 3 groups are the distance of 1 lining thickness on the side, close to the last ring lining, of the pouring opening 3; the set of holes at the lined end is around 20cm of the already lined. After the punching position is determined, 4 holes (the number of the observation holes is the same as that of the pouring holes) for installing the observation pipes 2 are punched at a distance of about 1 lining thickness on the side, close to the last ring lining, of the pouring hole at the highest position in the longitudinal direction of the top arch template, the closing device 4 for installing the observation pipes holes is arranged, the closing device 4 is welded below the top arch template, the positioning flange 5 is connected with the closing device 4 through bolts, a chute is formed in the upper end face of the closing device 4, the inserting plate 10 is installed in the chute, and the observation holes can be closed or opened through sliding the inserting plate 10. 2 grouting pipe holes (8 grouting pipe holes in total) are formed near each observation pipe 2, a grouting pipe closing device 4 is installed, and the grouting pipe 1 and a positioning flange of the grouting pipe 1 are installed on the grouting pipe hole closing device 4.
The observation tube 2 and the grouting tube 1 are arranged in the blank space of the steel bar, one end of the lining trolley, which is not connected with a ring of lining, is provided with an observation probe at the highest outer part of the top arch end template.
(2) And (5) positioning the lining trolley according to the geometric requirement of the second lining.
In the embodiment, the grouting pipe 1 adopts an RPC pipe, the observation pipe 2 is a steel pipe, when the lining trolley is used for setting up a mould, the positions of all the observation pipes 2 and the grouting pipe 1 are ensured to be in blank spaces of the steel bars, and after the setting up of the mould is completed, the observation pipe 2, the grouting pipe 1 and the closing device 4 are installed. The prepared grouting pipe 1 is subjected to 'test-through' measurement through a grouting pipe hole closing device 4, the installation length of the grouting pipe 1 is determined, whether the thickness of a second lining meets the design requirement is detected, and the concrete standard is that the grouting pipe 1 is propped against the length of the waterproof board by +2cm.
(3) The depth of the grouting pipe 1 buried was recorded on the recording plate, and the grouting pipe 1 was cut.
According to the operation in (2), after the RPC grouting pipe 1 is pressed against the waterproof board, marking is made to record the embedded depth of the RPC pipe: the mark is a line, and one is a line which is matched with the outer template of the second lining template (used for detecting whether the thickness of the second lining meets the requirement or not); the other is the blanking length of the outer template line of the two lining templates, namely the RPC grouting pipe 1 (exhaust pipe), which is +2cm. The observation tube 2 is shorter than the grouting tube 1 by about 3 cm to 5 cm. The upper end face of the grouting pipe 1 is provided with a cross groove, and the grouting pipe 1 and the positioning flange 5 are installed.
(4) And the two lining pouring openings 3 are used for pouring concrete and observing the pouring condition.
When the top arch concrete is poured, the concrete is poured from a pouring opening 3 close to the previous ring lining, an operation rod 7 is arranged in the observation tube 2, a blocking plate 8 is arranged at the top end of the operation rod 7, an observation probe 12 is arranged below the blocking plate 8, the observation probe 12 consists of a miniature camera and an illuminating lamp, and the observation probe is tightly attached to the waterproof plate. The observation probe 12 is driven to rotate by a stepping motor 22, or the observation probe is driven to horizontally and vertically rotate by manual operation, the observation probe horizontally rotates by 360 degrees and vertically rotates by 15 degrees for observation, and when the concrete is full, the operation rod 7 is pulled down, and the sealing step surface is matched with the inner side of the blocking plate 8.
The observation tube 2 is withdrawn to the observation tube hole closing means 4, and after closing the observation hole, the observation tube 2 is removed and mounted on the next observation tube hole closing means. And continuing pouring until the next pouring opening 3 is filled with concrete, and sequentially pouring concrete into the next pouring opening 3, and repeating the above operation until the top arch is fully filled. If the pipe 2 is observed, a concrete cavity with a secondary lining of the tunnel is seen, the next grouting preparation and the grouting with the mould are carried out.
(5) And (5) grouting liquid preparation and grouting with a mold.
Top arch grouting is basically performed by starting grouting from a low end to a high end. 2-3 hours after the secondary lining concrete is poured, filling mortar is adopted as grouting material, and the water-cement ratio is 0.18; grouting is operated by a special pulping and grouting integrated machine. The slurry is required to be continuously stirred, and the material consumption is strictly monitored in the stirring process, so that the quality of the slurry is ensured. Grouting is carried out on the void area between the back of the secondary lining and the waterproof board by using the grouting pipe 1, so that the secondary lining arch is prevented from falling off and the concrete is not compact.
(6) Observing the pressure gauge and the slurry outlet of the exhaust hole
And (3) the grouting ending mark finishes grouting after thick slurry flows out from the vent hole and the end mould. If the slurry outlet pressure at the trolley template reaches 1.0MPa, the slurry is not yet discharged, the slurry injection of the exhaust holes should be replaced until the slurry is discharged from the middle exhaust holes and the end mould exhaust holes.
(7) And after grouting is finished, the hose of the grouting machine is disassembled, and the grouting pipe 1 is plugged compactly.
(8) And removing the positioning flange 5 after the slurry is initially set.
Example 4 the observation holes and the grouting holes in this example are on the same circumference.
(1) The tunnel secondary lining trolley top arch template is provided with a hole, the highest position of the lining trolley top arch template is provided with a distance of 1 lining thickness on the side of the pouring opening 3 close to the previous ring of lining, and an installation observation pipe 2 and 2 grouting pipes 1 are added (wherein 1 grouting pipe 1 is used as an intermediate exhaust pipe or an end mould exhaust pipe or a standby grouting pipe). The common lining trolley top arch template is provided with 4 pouring openings, 5 groups of holes for installing the observation pipes 2 and 2 grouting pipes 1 are reserved according to the number of the pouring openings, and the positions of the holes for installing the observation pipes 2 and 2 grouting pipes 1 in the middle 3 groups are positioned between two adjacent pouring openings 3; holes of the observation pipes 2 and the 2 grouting pipes 1 are respectively arranged at 1 group at two ends, and are about 20cm of the lining. The lining trolley top arch template is provided with holes, 5 holes for installing the observation pipes 2 are drilled along the highest longitudinal position of the top arch template, the observation pipe hole closing device 4 is installed, the upper end surface of the closing device 4 is provided with a sliding groove, the sliding groove is internally provided with a plugboard 10, and the observation holes can be closed or opened through the sliding plugboard 10. The closing device 4 is welded below the top arch template, the positioning flange 5 is connected with the closing device 4 through nuts and studs, and the observation tube 2 is installed on the positioning flange 5. The observation tube 2 and the grouting tube 1 are arranged in the blank space of the reinforcing steel bar, the observation tube 2 and the grouting tube 1 are arranged on the same cross section, the highest position along the circumference is the observation tube 2, and 1 grouting tube 1 is arranged on two sides of the observation tube 2 and is positioned at the highest position in the middle as far as possible. A closing device 4 is also arranged below the grouting holes, and the other 4 groups of observation pipes 2 and grouting pipes 1 are also arranged in the same way. Note that the reinforcing bars are left out, otherwise, the observation tube 2 and 2 grouting tubes 1 cannot be installed.
(2) In the embodiment, the grouting pipe 1 adopts an RPC pipe, when the lining trolley is used for setting up a mould, the positions of all the observation pipes 2 and the grouting pipe 1 are ensured to be in blank spaces of reinforcing steel bars, and after the mould setting is completed, the observation pipes 2, the grouting pipe 1 and the grouting flange 3 are installed. The prepared RPC grouting pipe 1 is subjected to 'test-on' measurement through the grouting pipe hole closing device 4, the installation length of the RPC grouting pipe 1 is determined, whether the thickness of the second lining meets the design requirement is detected, and the concrete standard is that the length of the RPC grouting pipe propped against the waterproof board is +2cm.
(3) The RPC pipe embedding depth was recorded on the recording plate, and the grouting pipe 1 was cut.
According to the operation in (2), after the RPC grouting pipe 1 is pressed against the waterproof board, marking is made to record the embedded depth of the RPC pipe: the mark is a line, and one is a line which is matched with the outer template of the second lining template (used for detecting whether the thickness of the second lining meets the requirement or not); the other is the blanking length of the outer template line of the two lining templates, namely the RPC grouting pipe (exhaust pipe), which is +2cm. The observation tube 2 is shorter than the grouting tube 1 by about 5 cm. The upper end face of the grouting pipe 1 is provided with a cross groove. The grouting pipe 1 and the positioning flange 5 of the grouting pipe 1 are installed, the baffle 6 is installed on the positioning flange 5 of the observation hole after the grouting pipe 2 is inserted, the baffle 6 is fixed through bolts 9, and a hole is formed in the center of the baffle 6.
(4) And the two lining pouring openings 3 are used for pouring concrete and observing the pouring condition. When the top arch concrete is poured, the concrete is poured from a pouring opening 3 close to the previous ring lining, an observation probe extends into the observation tube 2, the observation probe mainly comprises a miniature camera and an illuminating lamp, and the observation probe is tightly attached to the waterproof plate. The viewing probe 12 is driven horizontally and vertically by a stepper motor 22 or manually. The observation probe 12 can be horizontally rotated by 360 degrees and vertically rotated by 15 degrees for observation, the observation probe is taken out firstly when the concrete is full, the observation pipe is plugged after the observation probe is installed, the observation pipe 2 is withdrawn to the observation pipe hole closing device, and the observation pipe 2 is taken down and installed on the next observation pipe hole closing device after the observation pipe hole is closed. Monitoring the pouring condition of concrete until the concrete is observed to be close to the upper end of the observation tube 2, removing the observation probe, installing a blocking plate 8 at the top of the observation tube through an operation rod 7, taking out the observation tube 2 again, closing a plugboard 10 on an observation tube hole, blocking the observation hole, continuing pouring until the grouting tube 1 is filled with the concrete, pouring the concrete to the next pouring opening 3 in sequence, and repeating the operation until the top arch is fully filled
(5) If no possibility of void generation during pouring is observed, the grouting pipe 1 is plugged and pulled out, the plugboard 10 above the fixing flange 4 below the grouting hole is closed, and the grouting hole is closed.
(6) If the occurrence of the cavity is observed, grouting with a mold is carried out so as to meet the lining quality requirement.
Claims (10)
1. The tunnel roof arch hollow-free lining method is characterized by comprising the following steps of: 1. a grouting hole and an observation hole are formed in the trolley vault template, and a closing device (4) is welded below the grouting hole and the observation hole; 2. after the trolley template is positioned according to the geometric requirement of the second lining, the grouting pipe (1) and the observation pipe (2) penetrate through the grouting holes and the observation holes to carry out test-through measurement, the installation length of the grouting pipe (1) and the observation pipe (2) is determined, and whether the thickness of the second lining meets the design requirement is detected; 3. mounting a grouting pipe (1) and an observation pipe (2), marking after inserting the grouting pipe (1) to prop against a waterproof plate, cutting the grouting pipe (1), and forming a cross groove on the upper end surface of the grouting pipe (1); fixing the grouting pipe 1 and the observation pipe 2 on a closing device (4); 4. and (3) when the grouting ports (3) are utilized to sequentially pour the top arch concrete, the observation probes (12) extend into the top from each observation pipe (2) to observe, the grouting condition of the concrete is monitored, when the concrete is observed to be close to the upper end of the observation pipe (2), the observation pipe (2) is taken out, the grouting is continued until the next grouting port (3) is used for bleeding, and the grouting ports (3) are replaced for continuous grouting.
2. The tunnel roof arch void-free lining method according to claim 1, wherein after the fourth step, the following steps are performed:
5. grouting liquid preparation and grouting with a top arch belt mould, grouting the void area between the back of the secondary lining and the waterproof board by using a grouting pipe (1),
6. observing the slurry outlet of the pressure gauge and the exhaust hole,
7. and after grouting is finished, the hose of the grouting machine is disassembled, and the grouting pipe (1) is tightly plugged.
3. The tunnel roof arch void-free lining method according to claim 1, wherein after the fourth step, the following steps are performed: 5. and (3) pulling out the grouting pipe (1) to seal the grouting hole.
4. A tunnel roof arch hollow-free lining method according to any one of claims 1-3, characterized in that in step one, the upper surface of the closing device (4) is provided with a chute in which a plugboard (10) is installed, and the lower end of the closing device (4) is connected with a positioning flange (5) by a stud.
5. A tunnel roof arch void-free lining method according to any one of claims 1 to 3, wherein: in the third step, the observation tube (2) is retracted for 3 cm to 5cm to fix after touching the waterproof plate (11).
6. A tunnel roof arch void-free lining method according to any one of claims 1 to 3, wherein: in the fourth step, the observation probe is taken down, the top of the observation tube (2) is sealed, then the observation tube (2) is taken out, and the observation hole is closed.
7. The tunnel roof arch void-free lining method of claim 6, wherein: an operating rod (7) is arranged in the observation tube (2), and an observation probe (12) is arranged at the top of the operating rod (7).
8. The tunnel roof arch void-free lining method of claim 7, wherein: the top end of the operating rod (7) is connected with the blocking plate (8), the upper end of the observation tube (2) is provided with a sealing step surface, the operating rod (7) is pulled downwards, and the sealing step surface is matched with the inner side of the blocking plate (8).
9. The tunnel roof arch void-free lining method of claim 7, wherein: the other end of the operating rod (7) is connected with a blocking plate (8) through a ball head, a sealing ring is arranged on the inner wall surface of the upper end of the observation tube (2), the operating rod (7) is reversely inserted into the observation tube (2) and pushed upwards, and the upper surface of the blocking plate (8) is matched with the lower surface of the sealing ring.
10. The tunnel roof arch void-free lining method of claim 7, wherein: the grouting holes and the observation holes are positioned between two adjacent pouring holes (3) and at two ends of the template.
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| CN109488336B (en) * | 2018-11-13 | 2021-11-23 | 中铁二局集团有限公司 | Tunnel secondary lining vault pouring observation method |
| CN109488337A (en) * | 2018-11-20 | 2019-03-19 | 中铁上海工程局集团有限公司 | A kind of anti-come to nothing of tunnel double-lining concrete visualizes casting method |
| CN110242324A (en) * | 2019-05-30 | 2019-09-17 | 平顶山平煤机煤矿机械装备有限公司 | Tunnel lining trolley secondary grouting device |
| CN111058864A (en) * | 2019-11-29 | 2020-04-24 | 中铁九局集团第四工程有限公司 | Tunnel vault lining rear cavity high-pressure grouting auxiliary device |
| CN110985041B (en) * | 2019-12-31 | 2021-04-20 | 中铁隧道局集团有限公司 | Construction method for processing sudden surge of separated double-hole tunnel |
| CN112502048A (en) * | 2020-12-08 | 2021-03-16 | 云南省建设投资控股集团有限公司 | Highway T roof beam hogging moment slip casting exhaust observation pipe |
| CN112709322B (en) * | 2020-12-26 | 2022-01-11 | 杭州均正建筑设计有限公司 | Bay window structure and construction method thereof |
| CN112879037A (en) * | 2021-04-22 | 2021-06-01 | 黄河交通学院 | Safe construction method for mine tunnel |
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| JP3849440B2 (en) * | 2001-03-19 | 2006-11-22 | 株式会社大林組 | Confirmation of filling of tunnel backfill injection material |
| CN102849092B (en) * | 2012-08-30 | 2015-06-03 | 中国葛洲坝集团三峡建设工程有限公司 | Visible positioning monitoring system of tunnel trolley |
| CN104295305A (en) * | 2014-02-12 | 2015-01-21 | 齐洪军 | Process for achieving synchronous implementation of lining vault filling grouting and tunnel lining and equipment |
| JP6383611B2 (en) * | 2014-09-03 | 2018-08-29 | 前田建設工業株式会社 | Auxiliary formwork equipment at the top of tunnel lining concrete |
| CN204877374U (en) * | 2015-08-26 | 2015-12-16 | 北京中煤矿山工程有限公司 | Empty plugging device of gas vertical wall posterior annulus |
| CN105697033B (en) * | 2016-04-01 | 2017-11-24 | 长安大学 | A kind of construction method of Tunnel Engineering without template punishment rock mass cavity |
| CN106014454B (en) * | 2016-07-11 | 2018-02-06 | 北京鸿锐嘉科技发展有限公司 | Tunnel-liner vault band is molded into sizing device and grouting process |
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