CN108314744B - Method for rapidly extracting dendrobium officinale polysaccharide - Google Patents
Method for rapidly extracting dendrobium officinale polysaccharide Download PDFInfo
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- C08B—POLYSACCHARIDES; DERIVATIVES THEREOF
- C08B37/00—Preparation of polysaccharides not provided for in groups C08B1/00 - C08B35/00; Derivatives thereof
- C08B37/0003—General processes for their isolation or fractionation, e.g. purification or extraction from biomass
Abstract
The invention provides a method for rapidly extracting dendrobium officinale polysaccharide, which comprises the following steps: 1) mixing fresh dendrobium officinale stems with water, and carrying out tissue disruption to obtain dendrobium officinale serous fluid; 2) mixing the dendrobium officinale slurry obtained in the step 1) with water which is 10-20 times of the volume of the fresh dendrobium officinale stem serving as the raw material and is 80-100 ℃ to perform first polysaccharide elution to obtain first eluent; 3) filtering the first eluent to obtain a first filtrate and a first filter residue; the first filtrate comprises dendrobium officinale polysaccharide. The method has the advantages of simple operation, rapidness, safety, no pollution and high extraction rate.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the technical field of polysaccharide extraction, and particularly relates to a method for quickly extracting dendrobium officinale polysaccharide.
Background
Dendrobium officinale is a dried or fresh stem of Dendrobium officinale (Dendrobium SW) belonging to the genus Dendrobium of the family Orchidaceae, also called Equisetum nigrum, Chlorophytum officinale, processed into spiral or spring-like form commonly called Dendrobium officinale bucket or Dendrobium loddigesii, and cut into sections commonly called Dendrobium officinale. The dendrobium candidum is a traditional rare Chinese medicinal material in China, is an excellent product in dendrobium, is called 'lifesaving Mesona chinensis' in folk, and is called 'panda in medicine world' in the world of international medicinal plants; mainly distributed in Zhejiang, Yunnan, Anhui, Fujian, Guangxi, Guangdong, Jiangsu and other places in China. According to the 2010 edition of pharmaceutical technology supervision legal technical standard, namely the pharmacopoeia of the people's republic of China, because the value of the dendrobium officinale is far higher than that of other dendrobium officinale, in order to fully protect the healthy development of the dendrobium officinale industry, the dendrobium officinale is firstly listed from the dendrobium officinale as a newly added variety.
Dendrobium officinale has effects of benefiting stomach, promoting fluid production, nourishing yin and clearing heat, and can be used for treating fever with body fluid deficiency, dry mouth, polydipsia, stomach yin deficiency, anorexia, retching, deficiency heat after illness, yin deficiency, hyperactivity of fire, bone steaming, overstrain, dim eyesight, and flaccidity of tendons and bones. Modern pharmacological and clinical researches prove that the dendrobium officinale has the effects of resisting tumors and aging, reducing blood sugar, improving immunity and the like, and is widely applied to the adjuvant treatment of malignant tumors, the aspects of chronic pharyngitis, chronic gastritis, diabetes, weak body and low immune function due to long-term illness and the like.
The researches on the analysis of plant chemical components, pharmacology and the like show that the bioactive substances in the dendrobium officinale mainly comprise polysaccharide compounds. The dendrobium candidum polysaccharide is a water-soluble polysaccharide substance extracted from dendrobium candidum, has high content, and is recorded in Chinese pharmacopoeia to be not less than 25 percent of anhydrous glucose. The Dendrobium officinale polysaccharide has effects of resisting oxidation, regulating immunity, resisting tumor, and reducing blood sugar. The extraction method of Dendrobium officinale polysaccharide mainly comprises hot water extraction, enzymolysis extraction, ultrasonic-assisted extraction, microwave-assisted extraction, ultrahigh pressure extraction, etc. For example: the Chinese patent with the patent application number of ' 201510747301.5 ', an extraction method of dendrobium candidum polysaccharide ' and the Chinese patent with the patent application number of ' 201510362041.X ', a method for ultrasonic optimization extraction of dendrobium candidum polysaccharide all need drying treatment of dendrobium candidum, and dry dendrobium candidum is taken as a raw material. Chinese patent ' 201410010334.7 patent application number ' an extraction method of Dendrobium officinale polysaccharide ' uses fresh Dendrobium officinale, but uses a large amount of organic solvent and alkaline solution in the extraction process, which easily causes pollution to the environment.
The existing extraction method of the dendrobium officinale polysaccharide in the prior art has the problems of long extraction time, complex steps, environmental pollution, unsuitability for large-scale production and the like.
Disclosure of Invention
In view of the above, the present invention aims to provide a method for extracting dendrobium officinale polysaccharide quickly, simply and without pollution.
In order to achieve the above object, the present invention provides the following technical solutions: a method for rapidly extracting dendrobium officinale polysaccharide comprises the following steps: 1) mixing fresh dendrobium officinale stems with water, and carrying out tissue disruption to obtain dendrobium officinale serous fluid; 2) mixing the dendrobium officinale slurry obtained in the step 1) with water which is 10-20 times of the volume of the fresh dendrobium officinale stem as the raw material and is 80-100 ℃ for at least one time of polysaccharide elution to obtain an eluent; 3) filtering the eluent to obtain filtrate and filter residue; the filtrate contains dendrobium officinale polysaccharide.
Preferably, the polysaccharide elution in step 2) comprises a first polysaccharide elution and a second polysaccharide elution; eluting the first polysaccharide to obtain a first polysaccharide eluent; filtering the first polysaccharide eluent to obtain a first filtrate and a first filter residue; mixing the first filter residue with water to carry out second polysaccharide elution to obtain a second eluent; filtering the second eluent to obtain a second filtrate and a second filter residue; and mixing the first filtrate and the second filtrate to obtain the dendrobium officinale polysaccharide.
Preferably, the polysaccharide content of the fresh dendrobium officinale stems in the step 1) is more than 30 wt%, and the length of the fresh dendrobium officinale stems is 5-25 cm.
Preferably, the mass ratio of the fresh dendrobium officinale stems to water in the step 1) is 1: (2-8).
Preferably, the tissue disruption process in the step 1) is accompanied by stirring, the rotating speed of the stirring is 2200 to 3200r/min, and the stirring time is 2 to 10 min.
Preferably, the polysaccharide elution in the step 2) and the second polysaccharide elution in the step 4) are accompanied by stirring, the rotation speed of the stirring is independently 60-80 r/min, and the stirring time is independently 8-30 min.
Preferably, the filtration in step 3) and step 5) is plate and frame filter pressing.
Preferably, the mesh number of the filter screen subjected to plate-and-frame filter pressing is 300-1000 meshes.
Preferably, the pressure of plate-and-frame filter pressing is 2-4 kg/cm2。
Preferably, the first filtrate and the second filtrate after mixing and mixing further comprise: and concentrating and drying the mixed dendrobium officinale polysaccharide solution to obtain dendrobium officinale polysaccharide powder.
Preferably, the concentration is concentration under reduced pressure; the temperature of the reduced pressure concentration is 50-80 ℃, and the vacuum degree of the reduced pressure concentration is-0.05 to-0.09 MPa.
The invention has the beneficial effects that: the method for rapidly extracting the dendrobium candidum polysaccharide takes fresh dendrobium candidum stems as raw materials, omits the step of drying the dendrobium candidum, and saves time; meanwhile, only water is used as a solvent to extract the dendrobium officinale polysaccharide, so that the method is safe and pollution-free; the method has simple operation steps and is suitable for large-scale rapid production; according to the records of the embodiment, the yield of the dendrobium officinale polysaccharide can reach more than 10%, and the polysaccharide content in the finished product can reach 73.81%.
Drawings
Fig. 1 is a flow chart illustrating the steps of the method for rapidly extracting dendrobium officinale polysaccharide in example 1.
Detailed Description
The invention provides a method for rapidly extracting dendrobium candidum polysaccharide, which comprises the following steps of 1) mixing fresh dendrobium candidum stems with water for tissue disruption to obtain dendrobium candidum slurry; 2) mixing the dendrobium officinale slurry obtained in the step 1) with water which is 10-20 times of the volume of the fresh dendrobium officinale stem as the raw material and is 80-100 ℃ for at least one time of polysaccharide elution to obtain an eluent; 3) filtering the eluent to obtain filtrate and filter residue; the filtrate contains dendrobium officinale polysaccharide.
In the invention, the fresh dendrobium officinale stems are preferably dendrobium officinale which can grow for two years; the fresh dendrobium officinale stems are preferably stems with leaves of the fresh dendrobium officinale removed. The invention has no limitation on the source of the fresh dendrobium officinale stems, and dendrobium officinale stems of different producing areas can be adopted. In the invention, the length of the fresh dendrobium officinale stem is preferably 5-25 cm, more preferably 10-20 cm, and the sugar content of the fresh dendrobium officinale stem is preferably more than 30%. The internal water content of the fresh dendrobium officinale stems is more than 75%; the internal moisture of more than 75% ensures the beating effect of the fresh dendrobium officinale stems, which is also the reason for adopting the fresh dendrobium officinale, and if the internal moisture of the dendrobium officinale is too low, the beating effect is poor.
In the invention, the fresh dendrobium officinale stems are preferably cleaned before the tissue is crushed; the cleaning is preferably circulating water cleaning, and the cleaning method is preferably high-pressure spray cleaning in specific industrial production; the pressure of the high-pressure spray cleaning is preferably 0.1-0.15 MP, the rotating speed of the high-pressure spray cleaning is preferably 100-600 rpm, and the time of the high-pressure spray cleaning is preferably 30-90 s.
The method mixes fresh dendrobium officinale stems with water to carry out tissue disruption, so as to obtain the dendrobium officinale serous fluid. In the invention, the mass ratio of the fresh dendrobium officinale to water is preferably 1: (2-8), more preferably 1: (4-7). In the invention, the tissue is crushed while stirring, and the stirring speed is preferably 2200 to 3200r/min, more preferably 2500 to 3000 rpm; the stirring time is preferably 2-10 min, and more preferably 4-8 min. In industrial production, the tissue crusher is preferably adopted for tissue crushing, and when the tissue crusher is adopted, the mass ratio of the fresh dendrobium officinale to water is preferably 1:5, the rotating speed is preferably 2800r/min, and the time is preferably 6 min. The stirring is performed for effectively crushing the fresh dendrobium officinale stems, so that the polysaccharides in the fresh dendrobium officinale stems can be fully contacted with water, and the extraction of the polysaccharides in the fresh dendrobium officinale stems is facilitated. The granularity of the crushed tissue of the dendrobium officinale in the dendrobium officinale slurry obtained in the invention is preferably less than 200 μm, and more preferably less than 150 μm; according to the invention, the granularity range of the crushed tissue of the dendrobium officinale in the dendrobium officinale slurry enables polysaccharide components in the dendrobium officinale to be more easily eluted.
The method for rapidly extracting the dendrobium officinale polysaccharide comprises at least one polysaccharide elution, wherein the polysaccharide elution frequency is preferably 2 times.
After the dendrobium officinale slurry is obtained, the obtained dendrobium officinale slurry is mixed with water with the volume 10-20 times that of the fresh dendrobium officinale stem serving as the raw material to carry out first polysaccharide elution, and a first eluent is obtained. In the invention, in the elution process of the first polysaccharide, the addition volume of water is preferably 12-18 times, more preferably 14-16 times of that of the fresh dendrobium officinale stems. In thatStirring is carried out in the elution process of the first polysaccharide, and the rotating speed of the stirring is preferably 60-80 r/min, more preferably 65-75 rpm; the preferable time for stirring is 8-30 min. In the present invention, the elution of the polysaccharide is preferably carried out in a dynamic extraction tank, preferably at 6M in industrial production3Dynamic extraction in 6M tank3When the extraction is carried out in a dynamic extraction tank, the mass ratio of the dendrobium officinale slurry to water is preferably 1:15, the stirring speed is preferably 70rpm, and the stirring time is preferably 10 min.
According to the invention, after the first eluent is obtained, the first eluent is filtered to obtain a first filtrate and a first filter residue. In the invention, the filtration is plate-frame filter pressing. The mesh number of the filter screen subjected to plate-and-frame filter pressing is preferably 300-1000 meshes, and more preferably 400-800 meshes; the pressure of plate-and-frame filter pressing is preferably 2-4 kg/cm2More preferably 3kg/cm2. In the invention, the first filtrate contains dendrobium officinale polysaccharide, and part of undissolved dendrobium officinale polysaccharide exists in the first filter residue. Therefore, it is preferred to perform a second polysaccharide elution on the first filter residue.
After the first filter residue is obtained, the first filter residue is mixed with water to carry out second polysaccharide elution, and a second eluent is obtained. In the present invention, the mass-to-volume ratio of the first filter residue to water in the elution of the second polysaccharide is preferably 1: (4-10), more preferably 1: (5-8). Stirring is carried out in the elution process of the second polysaccharide, and the rotating speed of the stirring is preferably 60-80 r/min, more preferably 65-75 rpm; the preferable time for stirring is 8-30 min. In the present invention the second polysaccharide elution is preferably carried out in a dynamic extraction tank, preferably at 6M in industrial production3Dynamic extraction in 6M tank3When the extraction is carried out in the dynamic extraction tank, the mass-volume ratio of the first filter residue to the water is preferably 1:6, the stirring speed is preferably 70rpm, and the stirring time is preferably 10 min.
In the invention, after the second eluent is obtained, filtering the second eluent to obtain a second filtrate and a second filter residue; in the present invention, the method and parameter conditions for filtering the second eluent are the same as those for filtering the first eluent, and are not repeated again.
In the step of polysaccharide elution and the step of second polysaccharide elution, the temperature of water is 80-100 ℃ independently, and the preferable temperature is 85-95 ℃. In the invention, the water with the temperature is respectively mixed with the fresh dendrobium officinale stem, the dendrobium officinale slurry and the first filter residue, so that the extraction efficiency can be improved, and the extraction time can be saved.
According to the invention, after the second filtrate is obtained, the first filtrate and the second filtrate are mixed to obtain the dendrobium officinale polysaccharide. The dendrobium officinale polysaccharide obtained in the invention is a solution-state polysaccharide; after the dendrobium candidum polysaccharide in the solution state is obtained, the dendrobium candidum polysaccharide is preferably concentrated and dried to obtain dendrobium candidum polysaccharide powder. The concentration in the present invention is preferably concentration under reduced pressure; the temperature of the reduced pressure concentration is preferably 50-80 ℃, and more preferably 60-70 ℃; the vacuum degree of the reduced pressure concentration is preferably-0.05 to-0.09 MPa, and more preferably-0.06 to-0.08 MPa. In the invention, the decompression concentration is preferably carried out by adopting a double-effect external circulation concentration tank, and when the decompression concentration is carried out by using the double-effect external circulation concentration tank, the first-effect temperature is preferably 60-80 ℃, and more preferably 75 ℃; the secondary effect temperature is preferably 50-70 ℃, and more preferably 60 ℃; the degree of vacuum is preferably-0.05 to-0.09 MPa, more preferably-0.08 MPa. In the present invention, the concentration under reduced pressure is preferably stopped until the specific gravity reaches 1.05 to 1.10.
In the invention, after the dendrobium officinale polysaccharide is concentrated, the obtained concentrate is dried to obtain dendrobium officinale polysaccharide powder. The drying method is not particularly limited, and the conventional drying method in the field can be adopted; in the specific implementation process of the invention, the drying is preferably spray drying, and the spray drying is preferably carried out by using a centrifugal spray drying unit; the air inlet temperature of the spray drying is preferably 170-210 ℃, more preferably 180-200 ℃, and most preferably 190 ℃; the air outlet temperature of the spray drying is preferably 90-130 ℃, more preferably 100-120 ℃, and most preferably 118 ℃. In the invention, the feeding frequency of the concentrated solution in the spray drying is adjusted to be 12-18 Hz preferably according to the inlet air outlet temperature, and more preferably 15 Hz. The content of the dendrobium officinale polysaccharide in the dendrobium officinale polysaccharide powder obtained by the invention is 72-74%.
The following will describe the method for rapidly extracting dendrobium officinale polysaccharide provided by the present invention in detail with reference to the following examples, but they should not be construed as limiting the scope of the present invention.
Example 1
A method for rapidly obtaining dendrobium officinale polysaccharide comprises the following steps:
(1) cleaning: 10kg of fresh dendrobium officinale stems growing in two years are cleaned by flowing circulating water by a circulating water cleaning machine.
(2) Tissue disruption: and (2) adding 5 times of water solution into the fresh dendrobium officinale stems obtained in the step (1) to carry out tissue crushing, setting the rotating speed of a tissue crusher to 2800r/min, and setting the time to 6min to obtain dendrobium officinale slurry.
(3) And (3) elution: adding hot water which is 15 times of the amount of the fresh dendrobium officinale stems serving as the raw materials into the slurry obtained in the step (2). Eluting in a dynamic extraction tank at a stirring speed of 70r/min for 10min to obtain a first eluate.
(4) And (3) filtering: and (4) filtering the first eluent obtained in the elution operation of the step (3) to obtain a first filtrate and first filter residue. The filtration mode is preferably plate-frame filter pressing, an WBK-400 stainless steel plate-frame filter and 400-mesh filter cloth are adopted, and the pressure is 0.2 MPa.
Adding 6 times of hot water into the first filter residue, eluting according to the steps (3) and (4), and filtering to obtain a second filtrate.
(5) Concentration: and (4) combining the first filtrate and the second filtrate obtained in the step (4) and concentrating to obtain a concentrated solution. The concentration mode is reduced pressure concentration, preferably TN300L small extraction concentration machine set, controlling temperature at 65 deg.C, vacuum-0.07 MPa, and concentrating to specific gravity of 1.05 (temperature 60 deg.C).
(6) And (3) drying: and (5) drying the concentrated solution obtained in the step (5) into solid powder to obtain the dendrobium officinale polysaccharide. Spray drying is carried out by adopting an LPG type centrifugal spray dryer, and the process parameters are set as follows: the air inlet temperature is 176 ℃, the air outlet temperature is 94 ℃, and the centrifugal speed is 400 r/min. 1.12kg of off-white solid powder is finally obtained, and the yield is 11.2%; the yield is obtained by comparing the dendrobium officinale polysaccharide powder with the raw material of fresh dendrobium officinale stems.
The time for obtaining the dendrobium officinale polysaccharide powder by the method is 6-10 hours, which is shortened by more than 60 hours compared with the time for obtaining the dendrobium officinale polysaccharide powder by adopting dry dendrobium officinale, and the content of the residual polysaccharide is reduced by more than 5%. The time consumption and residual polysaccharide content of the process described in this example are compared with the processes of the prior art, which use dry products as starting materials, are shown in Table 1.
TABLE 1 comparison of the process of this example with the time taken and residual polysaccharide content of the prior art
Through sampling detection, the determination result of the batch of dendrobium officinale polysaccharide powder is as follows: the content of dendrobium officinale polysaccharide is 72.55%, the ash content is 5.60%, and the water content is 3.87%; the polysaccharide content of the medicine residues is 6.34%, and the detection basis is a detection method under the item of dendrobium officinale in the first part of Chinese pharmacopoeia of 2015 edition.
Example 2
A method for rapidly obtaining dendrobium officinale polysaccharide comprises the following steps:
(1) cleaning: 200kg of fresh dendrobium officinale stems grown in two years are cleaned by flowing circulating water by a circulating water cleaning machine, and the yield is 200 kg/h.
(2) Tissue disruption: and (2) adding 5 times of water solution into the fresh dendrobium officinale stems obtained in the step (1) to carry out tissue crushing, setting the rotating speed of a tissue crusher to 2800r/min, and setting the time to 6min to obtain dendrobium officinale slurry, wherein the weight of the dendrobium officinale slurry is about 1t, and the capacity is 0.5 t/h.
(3) And (3) elution: at the step (2)Adding hot water which is 15 times of the amount of the fresh dendrobium officinale stems serving as the raw materials into the obtained slurry. At 6M3And eluting in a dynamic extraction tank, wherein the stirring speed is 70r/min, and the time is 10min, so as to obtain a first eluent.
(4) And (3) filtering: and (4) filtering the first eluent obtained in the elution operation of the step (3) to obtain a first filtrate and first filter residue. The filtration mode is plate-frame filter pressing, a plate-frame filter press is adopted, the mesh type filter cloth is 800 meshes, and the yield is 1.5 t/h.
Adding hot water which is 6 times of the amount of the fresh dendrobium officinale stems of the raw materials into the first filter residue, eluting and filtering according to the steps (3) and (4) to obtain a second filtrate.
(5) Concentration: and (4) combining the first filtrate and the second filtrate obtained in the step (4) and concentrating to obtain a concentrated solution. Concentrating with double-effect external circulation concentrating tank at first effect temperature of 75 deg.C and vacuum degree of-0.06 MPa, second effect temperature of 60 deg.C and vacuum degree of-0.08 MPa to specific gravity of 1.10 (temperature of 60 deg.C), and concentrating to yield of 1.8 t/h.
(6) And (3) drying: and (5) drying the concentrated solution obtained in the step (5) into solid powder to obtain the dendrobium officinale polysaccharide. Spray drying is carried out by adopting a ZPL150-00 type centrifugal spray drying unit, the air inlet temperature is 190 ℃, the air outlet temperature is 118 ℃, the feeding frequency is 15Hz, and the spray drying time is about 3 h. Finally obtaining 24.4kg of off-white solid powder with the yield of 12.2 percent; the yield is obtained by comparing the dendrobium officinale polysaccharide powder with the raw material of fresh dendrobium officinale stems.
Through detection, the determination result of the batch of dendrobium officinale polysaccharide powder is as follows: the content of dendrobium officinale polysaccharide is 73.81%, the ash content is 5.19%, and the water content is 4.26%; the polysaccharide content of the medicine residues is 6.83%, and the detection basis is a detection method under the item of dendrobium officinale in the first part of Chinese pharmacopoeia of 2015 edition. According to the example, the mass production is operated at 200 kg/batch, and the total time consumption of the whole process is only 14-20 hours.
Example 3
(1) Cleaning: 400g of fresh dendrobium officinale stems grown in two years are cleaned by flowing circulating water by adopting an experimental circulating water cleaning machine.
(2) Tissue disruption: and (2) adding 5 times of water solution into the fresh dendrobium officinale stems obtained in the step (1) to carry out tissue crushing, setting the rotating speed of a small tissue crusher to 2600r/min, and setting the time to 7min to obtain dendrobium officinale slurry.
(3) And (3) elution: adding hot water which is 15 times of the amount of the fresh dendrobium officinale stems serving as the raw materials into the slurry obtained in the step (2). And (4) eluting in a tank, setting the rotating speed of a stirring paddle to be 75r/min, and setting the time to be 15min to obtain a first eluent.
(4) And (3) filtering: and (4) filtering the first eluent obtained in the elution operation of the step (3) by adopting 400-mesh filter cloth to obtain first filtrate and first filter residue.
Adding 6 times of hot water into the first filter residue, eluting according to the steps (3) and (4), and filtering to obtain a second filtrate.
(5) Concentration: and (4) combining the first filtrate and the second filtrate obtained in the step (4) and concentrating to obtain a concentrated solution. The concentration is carried out under reduced pressure, preferably by rotary evaporator, at 65 deg.C under-0.09 MPa to 1kg (60 deg.C).
(6) And (3) drying: and (5) drying the concentrated solution obtained in the step (5) into solid powder to obtain the dendrobium officinale polysaccharide. The experimental centrifugal spray dryer performs spray drying, and the process parameters are set as follows: the air inlet temperature is 170 ℃, the air outlet temperature is 90 ℃, and the centrifugal speed is 400 r/min. After drying for 10min, 49.2g of off-white solid powder is finally obtained, the yield is 12.3%; the yield is obtained by comparing the dendrobium officinale polysaccharide powder with the raw material of fresh dendrobium officinale stems.
Through sampling detection, the determination result of the batch of dendrobium officinale polysaccharide powder is as follows: the content of dendrobium officinale polysaccharide is 73.02%, the ash content is 5.42%, and the water content is 4.26%; the polysaccharide content of the medicine residues is 6.21%, and the detection basis is a detection method under the item of dendrobium officinale in the first part of Chinese pharmacopoeia of 2015 edition.
According to the embodiment, compared with the existing method, the method for rapidly extracting the dendrobium candidum polysaccharide provided by the invention only adds water as a solvent, does not add acid-base solution, organic solvent, biochemical reagent and the like, saves the cost, reduces the pollution, and has safe and reliable quality.
The invention adopts fresh dendrobium officinale stems as raw materials, and compared with other methods using dry products, the invention shortens the whole operation time and reduces the loss. For example, in mass production, 200 kg/batch is calculated, the dendrobium officinale needs to be cut into short sections with the length of about 5cm, then an oven is adopted to dry fresh dendrobium officinale into dry products, the drying temperature is 100 ℃, the drying time needs 8-12 hours, and 2-2.5 tons of steam are consumed.
The method adopts the modes of cleaning, tissue crushing, eluting, filtering, concentrating and drying, and compared with the prior art, the method has simple operation steps. The complex operations of pulping, leaching for many times, concentrating, alcohol precipitating, centrifuging, concentrating after macroporous resin adsorption and purification, drying and the like are omitted, and the time is saved. By adopting the method, the total time consumption is only 14-20 hours in 200 kg/batch, and the requirement of rapid production is met.
According to the method for extracting the dendrobium officinale polysaccharide, a tissue crusher is adopted, the granularity of the crushed tissue of the dendrobium officinale in the dendrobium officinale slurry is smaller than 150 micrometers, and the polysaccharide component in the dendrobium officinale is easier to elute.
The method provided by the invention can effectively improve the extraction rate of the dendrobium officinale polysaccharide to more than 10%. The content of dendrobium officinale polysaccharide in the product can reach more than 70 percent by detecting according to a polysaccharide content determination method specified in Chinese pharmacopoeia 2015 edition, and the enrichment efficiency of active ingredients is high.
The foregoing is only a preferred embodiment of the present invention, and it should be noted that, for those skilled in the art, various modifications and decorations can be made without departing from the principle of the present invention, and these modifications and decorations should also be regarded as the protection scope of the present invention.
Claims (7)
1. A method for rapidly extracting dendrobium officinale polysaccharide comprises the following steps:
1) mixing fresh dendrobium officinale stems with water, and carrying out tissue disruption to obtain dendrobium officinale serous fluid;
2) mixing the dendrobium officinale slurry obtained in the step 1) with water which is 15 times as large as the volume of fresh dendrobium officinale stems serving as raw materials and is 80-100 ℃ for polysaccharide elution twice to obtain polysaccharide eluent; the two times of polysaccharide elution are carried out in a dynamic extraction tank;
3) filtering the polysaccharide eluent to obtain filtrate and filter residue; the filtrate contains dendrobium officinale polysaccharide;
the mass ratio of the fresh dendrobium officinale stems to water in the step 1) is 1: 5;
the two times of polysaccharide elution in the step 2) specifically comprises the following steps: a first polysaccharide elution and a second polysaccharide elution; eluting the first polysaccharide to obtain a first polysaccharide eluent; filtering the first polysaccharide eluent to obtain a first filtrate and a first filter residue;
mixing the first filter residue with water at the temperature of 80-100 ℃ to carry out second polysaccharide elution to obtain a second eluent; filtering the second eluent to obtain a second filtrate and a second filter residue;
mixing the first filtrate and the second filtrate to obtain a dendrobium officinale polysaccharide solution, and performing reduced pressure concentration and spray drying to obtain dendrobium officinale polysaccharide powder;
stirring is carried out along with the elution of the first polysaccharide and the elution of the second polysaccharide in the step 2), the rotation speed of the stirring is independently 60-80 r/min, and the stirring time is independently 8-30 min;
when the fresh dendrobium officinale stems are 10kg, the total time consumption of the whole process is 6-10 hours;
when the fresh dendrobium officinale stems are 200kg, the total time consumption of the whole process is 14-20 hours.
2. The method of claim 1, wherein the polysaccharide content of the fresh dendrobium officinale stems in step 1) is more than 30 wt%, and the length of the fresh dendrobium officinale stems is 5-25 cm.
3. The method according to claim 1, wherein the tissue disruption in step 1) is accompanied by stirring, the rotation speed of the stirring is 2200 to 3200r/min, and the stirring time is 2 to 10 min.
4. The method of claim 1, wherein the filtration is plate and frame filter pressing.
5. The method according to claim 4, wherein the mesh number of the filter screen subjected to plate-and-frame filter pressing is 300-1000 meshes.
6. The method according to claim 4 or 5, wherein the pressure of plate-and-frame filter pressing is 2-4 kg/cm2。
7. The method according to claim 1, wherein the temperature of the reduced pressure concentration is 50 to 80 ℃, and the vacuum degree of the reduced pressure concentration is-0.05 to-0.09 MPa.
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| CN105504081A (en) * | 2015-12-15 | 2016-04-20 | 云南民族大学 | Method for increasing leaching rate of polysaccharide components in dendrobium candidum |
| CN105906739A (en) * | 2016-07-05 | 2016-08-31 | 镇江劲草堂生物科技有限公司 | Purification method of dendrobium candidum protocorm polysaccharide (DCPP) |
| CN105968225A (en) * | 2016-07-30 | 2016-09-28 | 安徽斛生记生物科技有限公司 | Extraction method of dendrobium polysaccharides |
| CN106046194A (en) * | 2016-07-30 | 2016-10-26 | 安徽斛生记生物科技有限公司 | Extraction method of dendrobium huoshanense polysaccharide |
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| CN105504081A (en) * | 2015-12-15 | 2016-04-20 | 云南民族大学 | Method for increasing leaching rate of polysaccharide components in dendrobium candidum |
| CN105906739A (en) * | 2016-07-05 | 2016-08-31 | 镇江劲草堂生物科技有限公司 | Purification method of dendrobium candidum protocorm polysaccharide (DCPP) |
| CN105968225A (en) * | 2016-07-30 | 2016-09-28 | 安徽斛生记生物科技有限公司 | Extraction method of dendrobium polysaccharides |
| CN106046194A (en) * | 2016-07-30 | 2016-10-26 | 安徽斛生记生物科技有限公司 | Extraction method of dendrobium huoshanense polysaccharide |
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