CN108314452B - 一种碳化铬添加剂及其制备方法 - Google Patents

一种碳化铬添加剂及其制备方法 Download PDF

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CN108314452B
CN108314452B CN201810112252.1A CN201810112252A CN108314452B CN 108314452 B CN108314452 B CN 108314452B CN 201810112252 A CN201810112252 A CN 201810112252A CN 108314452 B CN108314452 B CN 108314452B
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郭伟
陈正强
周红卫
周怡
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Changsha Wei Hui Hi Tech New Material Co ltd
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Abstract

本发明涉及一种碳化铬添加剂及其制备方法,该添加剂包含Cr3C2,Cr与C的质量比为86‑87:12.5‑13.5;所述碳化铬添加剂为块状或颗粒状。本发明的碳化铬添加剂具备一定形状尺寸且纯度高,可以满足高档不锈钢材料的生产对铬、碳的精确控制,提高不锈钢材料的成品率,降低生产成本,具有实际推广意义。

Description

一种碳化铬添加剂及其制备方法
技术领域
本发明属于硬质合金与合金钢领域,具体涉及一种碳化铬添加剂及其制备方法,尤其涉及一种用于钢铁冶炼过程中的碳化铬添加剂及其制备方法。
背景技术
碳化铬是一种在高温环境下具有良好的耐磨、耐腐蚀、抗氧化的高熔点的材料,以Cr3C2为基的金属陶瓷在高温下有极优异的抗氧化性能。含铬的合金钢﹐质地坚硬﹐耐磨﹐耐腐蚀﹐不生锈﹐应用于航空航天、石油化工、军工、航海、汽车等国民经济的绝大部分领域,需求量巨大。中国是不锈钢的生产大国和消费大国,产量占世界不锈钢产量的56%。我国不锈钢产量虽然数量大,但品种质量上还存在问题,2016年我国进口不锈钢77万吨,均为高品质不锈钢。国际上对不锈钢质量要求很高,高品质不锈钢的价格居高不下,其主要原因是铬元素的加入工艺复杂,高品质不锈钢的成品率不高。
在不锈钢的冶炼工艺中,铬元素的加入一般以铬铁块的形式加入,要求高的要以碳素铬铁加入。其目的是为了控制不锈钢中各元素含量,减少有害杂质,提高和稳定不锈钢的品质。但铬铁本身就有元素含量不稳定、杂质较多的问题,造成了高品质不锈钢产量低、价格高的问题。近几年的研究发现,以碳化铬的形式加入铬元素,能很好地控制不锈钢中的铬元素含量,能生产出品质稳定的不同牌号的不锈钢。碳化铬一般以粉末的形式存在,而在不锈钢冶炼时,碳化铬粉末的加入是不行的,因为碳化铬粉末在加入时很容易氧化形成氧化铬,并容易与其他元素反应形成杂质和其他有害物质,不能保证不锈钢的纯度和质量。
发明内容
针对现有碳化铬的情况,本发明的目的在于提供一种碳化铬添加剂及其制备方法,以满足现代高品质钢材的生产需要。
为了解决上述技术问题,本发明的技术方案如下:一种碳化铬添加剂,包含Cr3C2,Cr与C的质量比为86-87:12.5-13.5;所述碳化铬添加剂为块状或颗粒状。
进一步地,Cr与C的质量比为86.1-86.9:12.6-13.4。
进一步地,所述碳化铬添加剂中,Cr与C所占质量百分数之和不小于99%。
进一步地,当所述碳化铬添加剂为块状时,其各方向尺寸位于2-5cm之间;当所述碳化铬添加剂为颗粒状时,其直径位于2-5cm之间。
如上述的碳化铬添加剂的制备方法,包括如下步骤:
(1)制备Cr3C2粉末;
(2)对步骤(1)中获得的Cr3C2粉末进行球磨处理;
(3)将步骤(2)中球磨后的Cr3C2粉末装入模具内,压紧,获得Cr3C2坯体;
(4)将步骤(3)中获得的Cr3C2坯体置于1500-1600℃条件下,烧结35-45min,获得碳化铬添加剂成品。
进一步地,步骤(1)中Cr3C2粉末的制备过程包括如下步骤:
a、以Cr2O3和炭粉为原料,按碳化铬添加剂的元素组成计算出上述两种原料的所需质量,并分别称取上述两种原料,混合,获得原料混合物;
b、将步骤a中获得的原料混合物装入混料器中,混合20~24h后卸出,然后装入模具中,压紧;
c、将步骤b中获得的装有原料混合物的模具置于1300~1400℃环境下,还原30-40min,获得Cr3C2粉末。
进一步地,步骤a中以Cr2O3粉末和炭黑粉末为原料。
进一步地,步骤a中获得的原料混合物中,Cr2O3的含量为75~76wt.%,C的含量为24~25wt.%。
进一步地,步骤b中,在0.2MPa~0.6 MPa条件下用压机压紧。
进一步地,步骤(2)中,通过合金球磨机进行球磨处理,球磨时间为12-14h,其中,球料比为2.5-3.5:1。
进一步地,所述模具为石墨半圆舟。
一般地,市场上只能提供粉末状和小规模团聚状碳化铬,使用过程中难以避免碳化铬氧化所导致的钢产品质量变坏问题。本发明选择将碳化铬添加剂制成块状或颗粒状,能很好地避免这一问题。本发明通过对制备过程中反应温度和时间的合理控制,在使得碳化铬烧制成块状或颗粒状的同时,防止熔料,从而防止碳化铬添加剂产品性能、组织的变化,以致无法掌握其含量。本发明既保证了碳化铬添加剂中碳化铬纯度、结构,又使之形成块状或颗粒状。
本发明的碳化铬添加剂具备一定形状尺寸且纯度高,可以满足高档不锈钢材料的生产对铬、碳的精确控制,提高不锈钢材料的成品率,降低生产成本,具有实际推广意义。
附图说明
图1是本发明第一种实施方式的碳化铬添加剂产品的外观图。
具体实施方式
一种碳化铬添加剂,按质量份计,包括Cr86.5份和C13份,所述碳化铬添加剂的形状为砖块状,Cr和C的含量之和在添加剂中所占质量比为99.6%。
一种如上所述的碳化铬添加剂的制备方法,包括如下步骤:
(1)以Cr2O3和炭黑粉末为原料,按Cr3C2的组成计算出上述两种原料的所需质量,并分别称取上述两种原料,混合获得原料混合物;
(2)将步骤(1)中获得的原料混合物装入混料器中,混合22h后卸出,然后将混合均匀的混合料装入石墨半圆舟中,再用压机压紧(压力:0.4MPa);
(3)将步骤(2)中获得的装有物料的石墨半圆舟推入碳管炉,在1350℃下还原,反应时间35分钟,反应获得Cr3C2粉末。
(4)将步骤(3)中获得的Cr3C2粉末放入合金球磨机中球磨,球料比为3:1,球磨时间为13h;
(5)将步骤(4)中获得的Cr3C2粉末装入石墨半圆舟中,再用压机压紧,进行形状切割;
(6)将步骤(5)中获得的装有物料的石墨半圆舟推入碳管炉,在1550℃下烧结,烧结时间40分钟,获得砖块状碳化铬添加剂,如图1所示。
步骤(1)中,所述原料混合物中Cr2O3的含量为75.5wt.%,C的含量为24.5wt.%。
步骤(5)中,Cr3C2粉末在半圆舟中压紧后,根据所需尺寸,划线切割。
在试验中发现,将上述砖块状碳化铬添加剂在不锈钢冶炼过程的精炼步骤加入,能稳定生产出合格产品。
上述实施例阐明的内容应当理解为这些实施例仅用于更清楚地说明本发明,而不用于限制本发明的范围,在阅读了本发明之后,本领域技术人员对本发明的各种等价形式的修改均落入本申请所附权利要求所限定的范围。

Claims (7)

1.碳化铬添加剂在不锈钢精炼过程中的应用,其特征在于,包含Cr3C2,Cr与C的质量比为86-87:12.5-13.5;所述碳化铬添加剂为块状或颗粒状,当所述碳化铬添加剂为块状时,其各方向尺寸位于2-5cm之间;当所述碳化铬添加剂为颗粒状时,其直径位于2-5cm之间;所述碳化铬添加剂的制备方法包括如下步骤:
(1)制备Cr3C2粉末;
(2)对步骤(1)中获得的Cr3C2粉末进行球磨处理;
(3)将步骤(2)中球磨后的Cr3C2粉末装入模具内,压紧,获得Cr3C2坯体;
(4)对步骤(3)中获得的Cr3C2坯体进行切割处理后,置于1500-1600℃条件下,烧结35-45min,获得碳化铬添加剂成品。
2.根据权利要求1所述的应用,其特征在于,Cr与C的质量比为86.1-86.9:12.6-13.4。
3.根据权利要求1所述的应用,其特征在于,所述碳化铬添加剂中,Cr与C所占质量百分数之和不小于99%。
4.根据权利要求1所述的应用,其特征在于,步骤(1)中Cr3C2粉末的制备过程包括如下步骤:
a、以Cr2O3和炭粉为原料,按碳化铬添加剂的元素组成计算出上述两种原料的所需质量,并分别称取上述两种原料,混合,获得原料混合物;
b、将步骤a中获得的原料混合物装入混料器中,混合20~24h后卸出,然后装入模具中,压紧;
c、将步骤b中获得的装有原料混合物的模具置于1300~1400℃环境下,还原30-40min,获得Cr3C2粉末。
5.根据权利要求4所述的应用,其特征在于,步骤a中以Cr2O3粉末和炭黑粉末为原料。
6.根据权利要求4所述的应用,其特征在于,步骤a中获得的原料混合物中,Cr2O3的含量为75~76wt.%,C的含量为24~25wt.%。
7.根据权利要求1所述的应用,其特征在于,步骤(2)中,通过合金球磨机进行球磨处理,球磨时间为12-14h,其中,球料比为2.5-3.5:1。
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RU2558601C1 (ru) * 2014-03-17 2015-08-10 Федеральное государственное автономное образовательное учреждение высшего профессионального образования "Национальный исследовательский технологический университет "МИСиС" СПОСОБ ПОЛУЧЕНИЯ КАРБИДА ХРОМА Cr3C2

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