CN108314179B - 强化活性污泥去除污水氮磷和难降解有毒有机物的方法 - Google Patents
强化活性污泥去除污水氮磷和难降解有毒有机物的方法 Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
本发明涉及一种强化活性污泥去除污水氮磷和难降解有毒有机物的方法,具体地说是通过向活性污泥曝气池中投加具有良好吸附性能的生物亲和性材料A,利用材料A对污水中氮磷的吸附和鸟粪石生成作用,实现对氮磷的高效固定化去除,其生成的负载有鸟粪石的活性炭颗粒作为微生物生长的优良载体,可诱导好氧颗粒污泥的快速生成,从而强化活性污泥对污水中难降解有毒有机物的去除。本发明技术简单,无需更改活性污泥污水处理工艺的原有运行参数,便于工程应用,能很好地满足现有活性污泥工艺的升级改造需要。
Description
技术领域
本发明涉及一种强化活性污泥去除污水氮磷和难降解有毒有机物的方法,属于污水处理技术领域。
背景技术
活性污泥法是一种利用微生物摄取废水中的有机底物进行代谢分解,使污水得以净化的污水处理方法,迄今为止,随着对微生物反应及其净化机理研究的不断深入,以及对实际投入生产问题的不断改进,活性污泥法出现了多种流程及工艺,处理效果和功能得到不断改善,其已成为处理城市污水和有机工业废水应用最广泛的一种方法。
但是,随着我国工业的快速发展,各种化工废水因普遍具有毒性和难降解有机污染物浓度高、可生化性差和组分复杂等特点,往往造成活性污泥生物系统处理效率低和运行不稳定等问题。同时,该类废水混合进入城市污水处理系统,亦可对城市污水处理的活性污泥系统造成一定冲击,导致出水中氮磷超标和残留有毒、难降解三致物质,对排入水体环境造成一定威胁。为应对上述问题,1972年美国杜邦公司开发了一种向活性污泥系统投加粉末活性炭的技术(PACT),它将粉末活性炭连续或间歇地按比例加入曝气池亦或与初沉池出水混合后再一同进入生化处理系统,在曝气池中吸附与生物降解同时进行,所以可以达到较高的处理效率,粉末活性炭污泥在二沉池固液分离后再回流入生化系统。实际应用表明,投加粉末活性炭载体可以提高微生物浓度和活性,增强系统对有机物、氨氮等的去除能力以及抗冲击负荷能力,抑制污泥膨胀并提高污泥的沉降和脱水性能。该法一经产生就因其在经济和处理效率方面的优势广泛地应用于工业废水如:炼油、石油化工、印染废水、焦化废水、有机化工废水的处理,该法用于城市污水处理亦可明显改善硝化效果。
近年来,其它各种投料活性污泥法也应运而生,如发明专利CN201210404692.7公开了一种基于磁性纳米材料强化活性污泥对城市生活污水处理的方法,将磁性氧化铁纳米材料加入到处理城市生活污水的活性污泥系统中,可有效增加污染物的处理效率,同时活性污泥微生物活性得到明显提高。尽管诸如上述投加细颗粒流动载体的活性污泥强化工艺取得了一定效果,但研究表明,由于现有投加载体材料的性能单一,其对污水COD和色度的去除有较强的促进作用外,对其它污染物指标如氮磷和难降解有毒有机物的强化去除作用实际上并不明显,难以满足现有污水处理水质指标全面提升的需要,有待进一步加强。
发明内容
针对现有技术的不足,本发明的目的在于提供一种强化活性污泥去除污水氮磷和难降解有毒有机物的方法。
本发明提出的一种强化活性污泥去除污水氮磷和难降解有毒有机物的方法,具体步骤如下:
(1)将含碳材料干燥、研磨、过筛,保留粒径不小于50目,将其与浓度为2~5mol/L的MgCl2的溶液和1~2mol/L的碱液按照质量体积比1mg:(1~3)mL:(0.5~2)mL的比例混合,静置8~24h,过滤后于105℃条件下烘干;在隔绝空气条件下,将烘干产物在350-800℃条件下炭化1~8 h,冷却至室温后,将其与浓度为3~10%的生物亲和性药剂溶液按照质量体积比1mg:(1~3)mL比例进行混合静置0.5h,过滤,于105℃条件下烘干,研磨成不小于100目的物料A;
(2)步骤(1)所得物料A使用时,在待改良的活性污泥法污水处理工艺的曝气池中,按照投加量为10~200mg/(L·d)的剂量(按进水流量计),加入步骤(1)得到的材料A,投料间歇1~4d,即可实现原有活性污泥工艺对污水中氮磷和难降解有毒有机物的强化去除。
本发明中,步骤(1)中所述的含碳材料为煤、木材、果壳、玉米秸秆、小麦秸秆、棉花杆、稻草、稻壳、花生壳或玉米芯中的任一种或多种混合物。
本发明中,步骤(1)中所述的生物亲和性药剂为聚乳酸或聚乙烯醇。
本发明中,步骤(2)中所述的活性污泥工艺采用任一含有曝气反应池的活性污泥工艺。
本发明中,步骤(1)中所述的碱液为NaOH或KOH。
本发明的原理为:通过向活性污泥曝气池中投加具有良好吸附和生物亲和性的材料A,利用其对污水中难降解有毒有机物的吸附作用,实现对该类污染物的高效去除,降低其对悬浮生长的活性污泥微生物的毒性冲击影响;利用材料A对污水中氮磷的吸附和鸟粪石生成作用,实现对氮磷的高效固定化去除,其生成的负载有鸟粪石的活性炭颗粒作为微生物生长的优良载体,可诱导好氧颗粒污泥的快速生成,从而强化活性污泥的高生物量协同作用,提升工艺的抗冲击能力和处理性能。
与现有技术相比,本发明的有益效果在于:
1.本发明采用氯化镁和碱联合活化方法,制备负载有氧化镁和氢氧化镁等成分的活性炭,其对污水中难降解有毒有机物具有良好吸附性能的同时,亦可通过鸟粪石的生成作用,实现对污水中氮磷的高效固定化去除。
2.采用生物亲和性药剂复合改性的方法,有效保障了材料A中镁离子和碱性在水中缓慢释放,保持材料表面良好的生物亲和性,有利于诱导好氧颗粒污泥的快速生成。
3.本发明技术简单、易行,应用中只需在曝气池中投加上述制备的材料A,无需更改活性污泥污水处理工艺的其它运行参数,即可实现对其去除氮磷和难降解有毒有机物功能的强化,从而提升污水处理出水水质。
具体实施方式
以下实施例将对本发明作进一步说明。
实施例1
(1)将核桃壳干燥、研磨、过筛,保留粒径不小于50目,将其与浓度为2 mol/L的MgCl2的溶液和1mol/L的NaOH溶液按照质量体积比1Kg:1L:0.4L的比例混合静置10h,过滤后于105℃条件下烘干。在隔绝空气条件下,将烘干产物在450℃条件下炭化2 h,冷却至室温后,将其与浓度为3%的聚乙烯醇按照质量体积比1Kg:1L比例进行混合静置0.5h,过滤,于105℃条件下烘干,研磨成不小于100目的物料A1,所得材料用于下一步污水处理。
(2)本实施例中,采用的活性污泥曝气池反应器有效容积为2m3,以某工业和城市混合污水为处理对象(进水水质见表1),控制活性污泥浓度为2g/L,采用曝气盘微孔曝气,维持水中溶解氧浓度为2.5mg/L,水力停留时间为4h,污泥回流比50%。在实验条件相同的情况下,同时进行投加材料A1和投加椰壳活性炭粉末的对照试验,分别记为R1和R2,材料投加量均为10mg/(L·d),投料间歇为1d,稳定运行30天结果显示,与投加椰壳活性炭粉末(市售)的R2相比,投加材料A1的R1工艺对污水中COD、氮磷和难降解有毒有机物的去除效果有明显提高。
表1工业、城市混合污水水质
实施例2
(1)将花生壳干燥、研磨、过筛,保留粒径不小于50目,将其与浓度为2.5mol/L的MgCl2的溶液和1mol/L的NaOH溶液按照质量体积比1Kg:1L:0.5L的比例混合静置8h,过滤后于105℃条件下烘干。在隔绝空气条件下,将烘干产物在400℃条件下炭化2 h,冷却至室温后,将其与浓度为4%的聚乳酸按照质量体积比1kg:1L比例进行混合静置0.5h,过滤,于105℃条件下烘干,研磨成不小于100目的物料A2,所得材料用于下一步污水处理。
(2)本实施例中,采用同上的活性污泥反应器有效容积为2m3,以某印染废水为处理对象(进水水质见表2),控制活性污泥浓度为2g/L,采用曝气盘微孔曝气,维持水中溶解氧浓度为2.5mg/L,水力停留时间为6h,污泥回流比50%。在实验条件相同的情况下,同时进行投加材料A2和花生壳活性炭粉末的对照试验,分别记为R3和R4,材料投加量均为30mg/(L·d),投料间歇为1d,稳定运行30天结果显示,与投加花生壳炭粉末(未添加活化剂,400℃条件下炭化2 h)的R4相比,投加材料A2的R3工艺对污水中COD、氮磷和难降解有毒有机物的去除效果有明显提高。
表2印染废水水质
实施例3
(1)将竹材废料干燥、研磨、过筛,保留粒径不小于50目,将其与浓度为2 mol/L的MgCl2的溶液和2mol/L的NaOH溶液按照质量体积比1Kg:1L:1L的比例混合静置12h,过滤后于105℃条件下烘干。在隔绝空气条件下,将烘干产物在550℃条件下炭化2 h,冷却至室温后,将其与浓度为5%的聚乙烯醇按照质量体积比1Kg:1L比例进行混合静置0.5h,过滤,于105℃条件下烘干,研磨成不小于100目的物料A3,所得材料用于下一步污水处理。
(2)本实施例中,采用同上的活性污泥反应器有效容积为2m3,以某化工废水为处理对象(进水水质见表3),控制活性污泥浓度为2g/L,采用曝气盘微孔曝气,维持水中溶解氧浓度为2.5mg/L,水力停留时间为8h,污泥回流比50%。在实验条件相同的情况下,同时进行投加材料A3和竹活性炭粉末(市售)的对照试验,分别记为R5和R6,材料投加量均为30mg/(L·d),投料间歇为1d,稳定运行30天结果显示,与投加竹活性炭粉末的R6相比,投加材料A3的R5工艺对污水中COD、氮磷和难降解有毒有机物的去除效果有明显提高。
表3化工废水水质
Claims (1)
1.一种强化活性污泥去除污水氮磷和难降解有毒有机物的方法,其特征在于具体步骤如下:
(1)将含碳材料干燥、研磨、过筛,保留粒径不小于50目,将其与浓度为2~5mol/L的MgCl2的溶液和1~2mol/L的碱液按照质量体积比1mg:(1~3)mL:(0.5~2)mL的比例混合,静置8~24h,过滤后于105℃条件下烘干;在隔绝空气条件下,将烘干产物在350-800℃条件下炭化1~8 h,冷却至室温后,将其与浓度为3~10%的生物亲和性药剂溶液按照质量体积比1mg:(1~3)mL比例进行混合静置0.5h,过滤,于105℃条件下烘干,研磨成不小于100目的物料A;
(2)步骤(1)所得物料A使用时,在待改良的活性污泥法污水处理工艺的曝气池中,按照投加量为10~200mg/(L·d)的剂量,按进水流量计,加入步骤(1)得到的材料A,投料间歇1~4d,即可实现原有活性污泥工艺对污水中氮磷和难降解有毒有机物的强化去除;
其中:步骤(1)中所述的含碳材料为煤、木材、果壳、玉米秸秆、小麦秸秆、棉花杆、稻草、稻壳、花生壳或玉米芯中的任一种或多种混合物;步骤(1)中所述的生物亲和性药剂为聚乳酸或聚乙烯醇。
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