CN108311633B - Multi-step forming equipment for large-specification straight bevel gear - Google Patents
Multi-step forming equipment for large-specification straight bevel gear Download PDFInfo
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- CN108311633B CN108311633B CN201810345502.6A CN201810345502A CN108311633B CN 108311633 B CN108311633 B CN 108311633B CN 201810345502 A CN201810345502 A CN 201810345502A CN 108311633 B CN108311633 B CN 108311633B
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- 238000005242 forging Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 322
- 238000010273 cold forging Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 137
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 32
- 238000003825 pressing Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 10
- 238000007493 shaping process Methods 0.000 claims description 154
- 238000007667 floating Methods 0.000 claims description 43
- 239000007787 solid Substances 0.000 claims description 9
- 238000000465 moulding Methods 0.000 claims description 6
- 238000005516 engineering process Methods 0.000 abstract description 7
- 230000006835 compression Effects 0.000 description 16
- 238000007906 compression Methods 0.000 description 16
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 description 11
- 238000003754 machining Methods 0.000 description 8
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 description 7
- 230000003139 buffering effect Effects 0.000 description 4
- 238000005520 cutting process Methods 0.000 description 4
- 238000010438 heat treatment Methods 0.000 description 4
- 239000002994 raw material Substances 0.000 description 4
- 238000010586 diagram Methods 0.000 description 3
- 238000004080 punching Methods 0.000 description 3
- 238000005299 abrasion Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000004146 energy storage Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000002184 metal Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000002699 waste material Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000005422 blasting Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000005255 carburizing Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000004140 cleaning Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000001816 cooling Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000007599 discharging Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000000835 fiber Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000009434 installation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000003672 processing method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000002035 prolonged effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000007127 saponification reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
Classifications
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B21—MECHANICAL METAL-WORKING WITHOUT ESSENTIALLY REMOVING MATERIAL; PUNCHING METAL
- B21K—MAKING FORGED OR PRESSED METAL PRODUCTS, e.g. HORSE-SHOES, RIVETS, BOLTS OR WHEELS
- B21K1/00—Making machine elements
- B21K1/28—Making machine elements wheels; discs
- B21K1/30—Making machine elements wheels; discs with gear-teeth
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B21—MECHANICAL METAL-WORKING WITHOUT ESSENTIALLY REMOVING MATERIAL; PUNCHING METAL
- B21J—FORGING; HAMMERING; PRESSING METAL; RIVETING; FORGE FURNACES
- B21J13/00—Details of machines for forging, pressing, or hammering
- B21J13/02—Dies or mountings therefor
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B21—MECHANICAL METAL-WORKING WITHOUT ESSENTIALLY REMOVING MATERIAL; PUNCHING METAL
- B21J—FORGING; HAMMERING; PRESSING METAL; RIVETING; FORGE FURNACES
- B21J5/00—Methods for forging, hammering, or pressing; Special equipment or accessories therefor
- B21J5/02—Die forging; Trimming by making use of special dies ; Punching during forging
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- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
- Forging (AREA)
Abstract
The invention discloses multi-step forming equipment for a large-specification straight bevel gear, which comprises an upper die holder, a lower die holder and a same straight bevel gear die set arranged between the upper die holder and the lower die holder, wherein the same straight bevel gear die set comprises a flat die, a warm forging forming die and a cold forging finishing die which are respectively and correspondingly used in different processing processes of gears. The forming equipment is suitable for processing large-sized straight bevel gears, and the forming process is divided into warm forging and cold forging forming based on the primary forming of the gear through the different forming resistance of the gear in different stages; because the forming resistance changes greatly in different stages of the warm forging process, the warm forging process is divided into three times of forging and pressing in order to protect the die, the die is improved after the processing technology is improved, one set of die is changed into four sets of die, and forming equipment is improved according to the movement conditions of different parts of the die during processing after the die is improved.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to multi-step forming equipment for a large-specification straight bevel gear, and belongs to the technical manufacturing field of gears.
Background
The gear precision forging technology refers to a gear manufacturing technology that gear teeth are subjected to precision forging from returned materials to directly obtain complete tooth shapes, and tooth surfaces can be used without cutting machining or with a small amount of precision machining.
For a long time, the straight bevel gear adopts a metal cutting mode, the technology is mature, the process is reliable, but the metal fiber at the tooth root of the gear is cut off, so that the strength of the gear is weakened, the cutting processing efficiency is low, the cost is high, and the straight bevel gear is not suitable for mass production. While the traditional direct one-step forging forming method improves the processing efficiency and reduces the material waste, the product precision is low and the die abrasion is serious. Compared with the traditional cutting processing technology, the gear precision forging technology can improve the gear structure and the mechanical property; the material utilization rate and the production efficiency are improved, and the production cost is reduced; the deformation of the tooth profile during heat treatment is reduced, the wear resistance of the teeth and the stability during meshing are improved, and the service life is prolonged.
The common primary forging and pressing processing can not be performed according to the forming resistance of the gear at different stages, so that the die is seriously worn, and the formed gear cannot be finished during primary forging and pressing, so that the gear is low in precision and flash after forging and pressing, and a machining process is required to be added to improve the precision, so that the production efficiency of enterprises is reduced.
Aiming at the problems of low machining production efficiency, serious material waste and serious abrasion of a die, which cannot be removed in the primary forging forming process, the die and the machining process are required to be improved so as to avoid the problems caused by machining and primary forging forming, improve the forming effect and quality of the die, reduce the production cost, improve the production efficiency and perfect the forming process of the die.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to provide large-specification straight bevel gear multi-step forming equipment, so as to avoid the problems caused by machining and one-time forging and forming, improve the forming effect and quality of a die, reduce the production cost, improve the production efficiency and perfect the forming process of the die.
In order to achieve the aim of the invention, the invention adopts the following technical scheme: a multi-step forming device for large-specification straight bevel gears comprises an upper die holder, a lower die holder and a same straight bevel gear die set arranged between the upper die holder and the lower die holder,
the same straight bevel gear die set comprises a flat die, a warm forging forming die, a warm forging shaping die and a cold forging finishing die which are respectively and correspondingly used in different processing processes of gears,
the flat die comprises a flat die male die and a flat die female die, the flat die male die comprises a first flat die upper die and a second flat die upper die, the flat die female die comprises a first flat die lower die and a second flat die lower die,
the first flat die upper die is a cylindrical male die, the second flat die upper die is a cylindrical male die, the first flat die upper die is clamped in the second flat die upper die,
the first flat die lower die is a solid cylinder, the second flat die lower die is a cylinder, and the first flat die lower die is inserted into the second flat die lower die;
the warm forging forming die comprises a warm forging forming male die and a warm forging forming female die, the warm forging forming male die comprises a first warm forging forming upper die, a second warm forging forming upper die, a third warm forging forming upper die and a fourth warm forging forming upper die which are coaxially arranged, the warm forging forming female die comprises a first warm forging forming lower die, a second warm forging forming lower die and a third warm forging forming lower die which are coaxially arranged,
the first warm forging upper die is a cylindrical male die, the diameter of the lower end part model is equal to the inner diameter of the gear mounting hole, the first warm forging upper die is clamped and connected in the second warm forging upper die,
the second warm forging forming upper die is a cylinder female die, a tooth-shaped die is arranged at the outer port of the second warm forging forming upper die, the tooth-shaped size of the tooth-shaped die is half-shaped size, a gear mounting hole die is arranged at the inner port of the tooth-shaped die, the second warm forging forming upper die is clamped and connected in the third warm forging forming upper die,
the third warm forging upper die is a cylinder, the second warm forging upper die is clamped and connected in the third warm forging upper die, the third warm forging upper die is clamped and connected in the fourth warm forging upper die,
the fourth warm forging forming upper die is a cylinder,
the first warm forging lower die is a solid cylinder, a bulge is arranged in the middle of the upper end surface of the first warm forging lower die, the diameter of the bulge is equal to the diameter of a straight bevel gear shaft of a corresponding model, the rest bulge is a straight bevel gear non-working ground shape model, the first warm forging lower die is inserted into the second warm forging lower die,
the second warm forging lower die is a cylinder, a chamfer is arranged at the end face of the upper end of the inner wall of the cylinder, the second warm forging lower die is inserted into the third warm forging lower die,
the third warm forging forming lower die is a cylinder;
the warm forging shaping die comprises a warm forging shaping male die and a warm forging shaping female die, the warm forging shaping male die comprises a first warm forging shaping upper die, a second warm forging shaping upper die, a third warm forging shaping upper die and a fourth warm forging shaping upper die which are coaxially arranged, the warm forging shaping female die comprises a first warm forging shaping lower die, a second warm forging shaping lower die and a third warm forging shaping lower die which are coaxially arranged,
the first warm forging shaping upper die is a cylindrical male die, the diameter of the end part model is equal to the inner diameter of the gear mounting hole, the first warm forging shaping upper die is inserted into the second warm forging shaping upper die,
the second warm forging shaping upper die is a cylinder female die, the model end of the second warm forging shaping upper die is provided with a gear non-working end die, the second warm forging shaping upper die is clamped and connected in the third warm forging shaping upper die,
the third warm forging shaping upper die is a cylinder, when the model end of the third warm forging shaping upper die and the model end of the second warm forging shaping upper die work, the model end of the third warm forging shaping upper die and the model end of the second warm forging shaping upper die jointly form a gear non-working end face model, the third warm forging shaping upper die is clamped and connected in the fourth warm forging shaping upper die,
the fourth warm forging shaping upper die is a cylinder, moves synchronously with the third warm forging shaping upper die in the forging process, protects the third warm forging shaping upper die,
the first warm forging shaping lower die is a solid cylinder, a first bulge is arranged in the middle of the upper end surface of the first warm forging shaping lower die, the diameter of the bulge is equal to the shaft diameter of a straight bevel gear to be processed, a second bulge is also arranged at the periphery of the first bulge, the second bulge is a straight bevel gear non-working ground shape model,
the second warm forging shaping lower die is a cylinder, the inner diameter of the second warm forging shaping lower die is equal to the outer diameter of the first warm forging shaping upper die, the size of the model end of the second warm forging shaping lower die is the same as the theoretical size of the working surface of the gear to be processed, the first warm forging shaping lower die is arranged in the second warm forging shaping lower die,
the third warm forging shaping lower die is a cylinder, the inner diameter of the third warm forging shaping lower die is equal to the outer diameter of the second warm forging shaping lower die, and the second warm forging shaping lower die is arranged in the third warm forging shaping lower die;
the cold forging finishing die comprises a cold forging finishing male die and a cold forging finishing female die, the cold forging finishing male die comprises a first cold forging finishing upper die and a second cold forging finishing upper die which are coaxially arranged, the cold forging finishing female die comprises a first cold forging finishing lower die, a second cold forging finishing lower die and a third cold forging finishing lower die which are coaxially arranged,
the first cold forging finishing upper die is a cylinder male die, a non-working end die of a gear is arranged at a model end of the end part of the first cold forging finishing upper die,
the second cold forging finishing upper die is a cylinder, the first cold forging finishing upper die is clamped and arranged in the second cold forging finishing upper die, moves synchronously with the first cold forging finishing upper die in the forging and pressing process, protects the first cold forging finishing upper die,
the first cold forging finishing lower die is a cylindrical female die, a protruding part is arranged in the middle of the upper end face of the die end, the diameter of the protruding part is equal to the shaft diameter of a gear to be processed, the periphery of the upper end face of the die end is also provided with other protruding parts, the other protruding parts are straight bevel gear non-working ground shape models,
the second cold forging finishing lower die is a cylinder, the inner diameter of the second cold forging finishing lower die is smaller than that of the first cold forging finishing lower die, the outer diameter of the second cold forging finishing lower die is equal to that of the first cold forging finishing lower die and is equal to that of the third cold forging finishing die,
the third cold forging finishing lower die is a cylinder, the inner diameter is equal to the outer diameters of the first cold forging finishing lower die and the second cold forging finishing lower die, the first cold forging finishing lower die is arranged above the second cold forging finishing lower die, and the first cold forging finishing lower die and the second cold forging finishing lower die are arranged in the third cold forging finishing lower die.
Preferably, the upper die holder comprises an upper die plate and an upper die pressure block coaxially arranged in the upper die plate.
Preferably, the lower die holder comprises a large pressure block, a lower die pressure block, a floating die plate, a compression ring, a spring, the floating pressure block, the lower die plate and a workbench base plate, wherein the large pressure block is coaxially clamped in the lower die plate, the large pressure block is a lower die pressure block and a compression ring supporting part, and is coaxially fixed below the lower die pressure block and the compression ring to limit the two to move up and down, the compression ring is sleeved on the lower die pressure block, a step is circumferentially arranged at the lower end of the compression ring and is used for fixing the large pressure block, the floating die plate is arranged above the compression ring, the floating die plate is connected with the compression ring through a sliding rod, the sliding rod is sleeved with the spring and is used for storing and buffering energy of the floating die plate in the forging process, and when the upper die and the lower die are separated, the lower die is restored to the original position, the floating pressure block is arranged coaxially with the floating template, the outer diameter of the floating pressure block is equal to the inner diameter of the mounting part of the floating template, the outer diameter of the floating pressure block is larger than the inner diameter of the floating template and smaller than the outer diameter of the floating template, the height of the floating pressure block is smaller than the height of the floating template, the lower die pressure block is a supporting part of a first flat die lower die, a first warm forging forming lower die and a first cold forging finishing lower die, downward movement of the corresponding lower die is limited in different forging processes, the springs are pressure ring energy storage and buffering parts and are arranged on sliding rods connected with the floating template through compression rings, and energy conducted by other lower dies (except the first flat die lower die, the first warm forging forming lower die and other lower dies of the first cold forging finishing lower die) is stored.
Preferably, the die protection device is further arranged, the die protection device comprises an upper die sleeve, a lower die sleeve and an upper die cushion plate, the upper die cushion plate is fixedly arranged above the upper die holder, the upper die plate is fixedly arranged below the upper die holder, the lower die sleeve is fixedly arranged on the lower die holder, the upper die sleeve and the lower die sleeve are cylinders, in different machining processes, the upper die sleeve is coaxially and fixedly arranged on the outermost side of a corresponding male die in the same straight bevel gear die set, and the lower die sleeve is coaxially and fixedly arranged on the outermost side of a corresponding female die in the same straight bevel gear die set.
Preferably, the upper and lower material returning pins are hollow cylinders positioned between the upper and lower die pressure blocks, and during warm forging and cold forging, some scraps are blocked into the upper and lower dies by the material returning pins, and the positions can be used for cleaning foreign matters such as scraps.
Preferably, the guide post is a cylindrical guide element, which is connected to the float module, ensuring that the float module moves in a vertical direction.
The invention also discloses a precision forging forming process of the large-specification straight bevel gear, which uses a flat die to upset raw materials; using a warm forging forming die to process tooth shapes; correcting the tooth form by using a warm forging shaping die; removing flash and finishing tooth form by using a cold forging finishing die,
the method specifically comprises the following steps:
firstly, heating the processing raw materials to 850 ℃ in an electric furnace;
secondly, placing a flat die on multi-step forming equipment, adjusting the tonnage of the forging press according to the size of the required straight bevel gear, and upsetting the raw material on the flat die to the required thickness;
thirdly, heating the upper die and the lower die to 350 ℃ in a die opening state of the forging press;
fourthly, placing a warm forging forming die on multi-step forming equipment, moving down the warm forging forming male die, when the warm forging forming male die and the warm forging forming female die are contacted, contacting the second warm forging forming lower die with a third warm forging forming upper die, simultaneously contacting the third warm forging forming lower die with a fourth warm forging forming upper die, continuously moving downwards, setting stamping tonnage according to the size of the straight bevel gear, and obtaining a gear with a rough machined tooth shape;
and fifthly, placing the warm forging shaping die on multi-step shaping equipment, moving down the warm forging shaping male die, and when the warm forging shaping male die and the warm forging shaping female die are contacted, contacting the second warm forging shaping lower die with the third warm forging shaping upper die, simultaneously contacting the third warm forging shaping lower die with the fourth warm forging shaping upper die, continuously moving down, setting stamping tonnage according to the size of the straight bevel gear, and obtaining the gear with corrected tooth shape.
Sixthly, placing the gear after warm forging on a punching machine, re-opening the middle shaft hole, and determining the punching shaft diameter of the punching machine according to the shaft diameter of the straight bevel gear;
seventhly, cooling the workpiece processed in the step six to normal temperature, performing shot blasting treatment, and performing saponification treatment;
placing the cold forging finishing die on multi-step forming equipment, and closing the gear male die after the treatment of the step (seven) with the female die by downward movement to finish cold forging finishing;
and (eighth), performing carburizing heat treatment on the processing in the step (seventh), and then finishing the processing.
Preferably, the flat die consists of a flat die male die and a flat die female die, the forging tonnage of the forging press is adjusted according to the size of the processed straight bevel gear, and the raw material at 850 ℃ is upset to the specified size.
Preferably, the warm forging forming die consists of a warm forging forming male die and a warm forging forming female die, wherein the diameter of the first warm forging forming upper die is equal to that of the shaft hole of the straight bevel gear, and the tooth-shaped die is a second warm forging forming upper die;
preferably, the warm forging shaping die consists of a warm forging shaping male die and a warm forging shaping female die, wherein the diameters of a first warm forging shaping upper die and a first warm forging shaping lower die are equal to the diameter of a straight bevel gear shaft hole, and the tooth-shaped die is a second warm forging shaping lower die;
preferably, the cold forging finishing die consists of a cold forging finishing male die and a cold forging finishing female die, the tooth type is a gear non-working end die at the lower die, the inner diameter of the tooth type is equal to that of a gear non-working end shaft Kong Waijing of the corresponding model, the model end is the size of a gear non-working surface when the gear works, and the size is used for finishing the size of the non-working surface of the semi-finished gear cooled after warm forging finishing. The outer diameter non-model end is larger than the model end, a step table is formed, the outer diameters of the non-model end and the model end are equal to the corresponding inner diameter of the second cold forging finishing upper die, and the non-model end and the model end are installed in a matched mode. The second cold forging finishing upper die is a cylinder, the inner diameter of the second cold forging finishing upper die is equal to the outer diameter of the third cold forging finishing upper die, the height of the second cold forging finishing upper die is consistent with the height of the third cold forging finishing upper die, and the second cold forging finishing upper die and the third cold forging finishing upper die synchronously move in the forging process to protect the third cold forging finishing upper die. The first cold forging finishing lower die is a cylindrical female die, and the inner diameter of the first cold forging finishing lower die is equal to Kong Waijing installed in the working requirement of the gear. The mold end corresponds to the working face dimension of the gear during working, and the dimension is the dimension finishing of the warm forging shaped semi-finished gear. The diameter of the middle bulge of the upper end surface is equal to the shaft diameter of a straight bevel gear of a corresponding model, and the rest bulges are model of the non-working ground shape of the straight bevel gear. The second cold forging finishing lower die is a cylinder, and the inner diameter of the second cold forging finishing lower die is slightly smaller than the outer diameter of the first cold forging finishing lower die, and the outer diameter of the second cold forging finishing lower die is identical to the outer diameter of the first cold forging finishing lower die and is equal to the inner diameter of the third cold forging finishing die. The third cold forging finishing lower die is a cylinder, and the inner diameter is equal to the outer diameter of the first and second cold forging finishing dies. The outside has the step platform, and the installation is with corresponding part cooperation.
Due to the application of the technical scheme, compared with the prior art, the invention has the following advantages:
the forming equipment is suitable for processing large-sized straight bevel gears, and the forming process is divided into warm forging and cold forging forming based on the primary forming of the gear through the different forming resistance of the gear in different stages; because the forming resistance changes greatly in different stages of the warm forging process, the warm forging process is divided into three times of forging and pressing in order to protect the die, the die is improved after the processing technology is improved, one set of die is changed into four sets of die, and forming equipment is improved according to the movement conditions of different parts of the die during processing after the die is improved. The improvement on the forming equipment is matched with a corresponding die and a corresponding process, so that the problems of serious die damage and flash in the original processing method are effectively solved.
Drawings
Fig. 1 is a schematic structural view of a multi-step forming apparatus for large-sized spur bevel gears according to a first embodiment of the present invention.
Fig. 2 is a flat die diagram of a multi-step molding apparatus for large-sized spur bevel gears according to a first embodiment of the present invention.
Fig. 3 is a warm forging forming die diagram of a multi-step forming apparatus for a large-sized spur bevel gear according to a first embodiment of the present invention.
Fig. 4 is a warm forging shaping die diagram of a multi-step shaping apparatus for large-sized spur bevel gears according to a first embodiment of the present invention.
Fig. 5 is a drawing showing a cold forging finishing die of a multi-step molding apparatus for a large-sized spur bevel gear according to the first embodiment of the present invention.
Wherein: 1. a large pressure block; 2. a lower die pressure block; 3. a spring; 4. a floating pressure block; 5. a lower die 1; 6. a guide post; 7. a lower die 2; 8. a lower die 3; 9. guide sleeve; 10. an upper die 2; 11. an upper die 3; 12. an upper die 4; 13. a large nut; 14. a T-shaped bolt; 15. an upper die sleeve; 16. an upper template; 17. an upper die pressure block; 18. an upper die backing plate; 19. feeding a material returning pin; 20. an upper die 1; 21. a mold cavity; 22. a small guide post; 23. a lower die sleeve; 24. a common cylindrical pin A type; 25. a small guide post; 26. a floating template; 27. a gasket; 28. guide sleeve; 29. a straight-through type pressure oil filling cup; 30. a clamp ring; 31. discharging pins; 32. a lower template; 33. a workbench backing plate; 201. a first flat die upper die; 202. a second flat die upper die; 203. a first flat die lower die; 204. a second flat die lower die; 301. a first warm forging forming upper die; 302. a second warm forging forming upper die; 303. thirdly, forging an upper die; 304. fourth warm forging forming upper die; 305. a first warm forging forming lower die; 306. a second warm forging forming lower die; 307. thirdly, forging a lower die; 401. the first warm forging shaping upper die; 402. second warm forging shaping upper die; 403. thirdly, warm forging and shaping an upper die; 404. fourth warm forging shaping upper die; 405. a first warm forging shaping lower die; 406. a second warm forging shaping lower die; 407. thirdly, forging and shaping the lower die; 501. finishing an upper die by first cold forging; 502. finishing the upper die by second cold forging; 503. finishing the lower die by first cold forging; 504. finishing the lower die by second cold forging; 505. and thirdly, cold forging and finishing the lower die.
Detailed Description
The invention is further described below with reference to the accompanying drawings and examples:
embodiment one: referring to fig. 1, a multi-step molding apparatus for large-sized spur bevel gears includes an upper die holder, a lower die holder, and a same spur bevel gear die set disposed between the upper die holder and the lower die holder,
the same straight bevel gear die set comprises a flat die, a warm forging forming die, a warm forging shaping die and a cold forging finishing die which are respectively and correspondingly used in different processing processes of gears,
referring to fig. 2, the flat die includes a flat die male die including a first flat die upper die 201, a second flat die upper die 202, and a flat die female die including a first flat die lower die 203, a second flat die lower die 204,
the first flat die upper die 201 is a cylindrical male die, the second flat die upper die 202 is a cylindrical male die, the first flat die upper die 201 is clamped in the second flat die upper die 202,
the first flat die lower die 203 is a solid cylinder, the second flat die lower die 204 is a cylinder, and the first flat die lower die 203 is inserted into the second flat die lower die 204;
referring to fig. 3, the warm forging die includes a warm forging male die including a first warm forging upper die 301, a second warm forging upper die 302, a third warm forging upper die 303, and a fourth warm forging upper die 304 coaxially disposed, and a warm forging female die including a first warm forging lower die 305, a second warm forging lower die 306, and a third warm forging lower die 307 coaxially disposed,
the first warm forging upper die 301 is a cylindrical male die, the diameter of the lower end part model is equal to the inner diameter of the gear mounting hole, the first warm forging upper die is clamped and connected in the second warm forging upper die,
the second warm forging upper die 302 is a cylinder female die, a tooth-shaped die is arranged at the outer port of the second warm forging upper die, the tooth-shaped die has a half-shaped tooth-shaped size, a gear mounting hole die is arranged at the inner port of the second warm forging upper die, the second warm forging upper die is clamped and connected in the third warm forging upper die,
the third warm forging upper die 303 is a cylinder, the second warm forging upper die is clamped in the third warm forging upper die, the third warm forging upper die is clamped in the fourth warm forging upper die,
the fourth warm forging upper die 304 is a cylinder,
the first warm forging lower die 305 is a solid cylinder, a convex part is arranged in the middle of the upper end surface of the first warm forging lower die, the diameter of the convex part is equal to the diameter of a straight bevel gear shaft of a corresponding model, the rest convex parts are non-working ground shape models of the straight bevel gear, the first warm forging lower die is inserted into the second warm forging lower die,
the second warm forging lower die 306 is a cylinder, a chamfer is arranged at the end face of the upper end of the inner wall of the cylinder, the second warm forging lower die is inserted into the third warm forging lower die,
the third warm forging lower die 307 is a cylinder;
referring to fig. 4, the warm forging shaping die comprises a warm forging shaping male die and a warm forging shaping female die, the warm forging shaping male die comprises a first warm forging shaping upper die 401, a second warm forging shaping upper die 402, a third warm forging shaping upper die 403 and a fourth warm forging shaping upper die 404 which are coaxially arranged, the warm forging shaping female die comprises a first warm forging shaping lower die 405, a second warm forging shaping lower die 406 and a third warm forging shaping lower die 407 which are coaxially arranged,
the first warm forging shaping upper die is a cylindrical male die, the diameter of the end part model is equal to the inner diameter of the gear mounting hole, the first warm forging shaping upper die is inserted into the second warm forging shaping upper die,
the second warm forging shaping upper die is a cylinder female die, the model end of the second warm forging shaping upper die is provided with a gear non-working end die, the second warm forging shaping upper die is clamped and connected in the third warm forging shaping upper die,
the third warm forging shaping upper die is a cylinder, when the model end of the third warm forging shaping upper die and the model end of the second warm forging shaping upper die work, the model end of the third warm forging shaping upper die and the model end of the second warm forging shaping upper die jointly form a gear non-working end face model, the third warm forging shaping upper die is clamped and connected in the fourth warm forging shaping upper die,
the fourth warm forging shaping upper die is a cylinder, moves synchronously with the third warm forging shaping upper die in the forging process, protects the third warm forging shaping upper die,
the first warm forging shaping lower die is a solid cylinder, a first bulge is arranged in the middle of the upper end surface of the first warm forging shaping lower die, the diameter of the bulge is equal to the shaft diameter of a straight bevel gear to be processed, a second bulge is also arranged at the periphery of the first bulge, the second bulge is a straight bevel gear non-working ground shape model,
the second warm forging shaping lower die is a cylinder, the inner diameter of the second warm forging shaping lower die is equal to the outer diameter of the first warm forging shaping upper die, the size of the model end of the second warm forging shaping lower die is the same as the theoretical size of the working surface of the gear to be processed, the first warm forging shaping lower die is arranged in the second warm forging shaping lower die,
the third warm forging shaping lower die is a cylinder, the inner diameter of the third warm forging shaping lower die is equal to the outer diameter of the second warm forging shaping lower die, and the second warm forging shaping lower die is arranged in the third warm forging shaping lower die;
referring to fig. 5, the cold forging finishing die includes a cold forging finishing punch including a first cold forging finishing upper die 501 and a second cold forging finishing upper die 502 coaxially disposed, and a cold forging finishing die including a first cold forging finishing lower die 503, a second cold forging finishing lower die 504 and a third cold forging finishing lower die 505 coaxially disposed,
the first cold forging finishing upper die is a cylinder male die, a non-working end die of a gear is arranged at a model end of the end part of the first cold forging finishing upper die,
the second cold forging finishing upper die is a cylinder, the first cold forging finishing upper die is clamped and arranged in the second cold forging finishing upper die, moves synchronously with the first cold forging finishing upper die in the forging and pressing process, protects the first cold forging finishing upper die,
the first cold forging finishing lower die is a cylindrical female die, a protruding part is arranged in the middle of the upper end face of the die end, the diameter of the protruding part is equal to the shaft diameter of a gear to be processed, the periphery of the upper end face of the die end is also provided with other protruding parts, the other protruding parts are straight bevel gear non-working ground shape models,
the second cold forging finishing lower die is a cylinder, the inner diameter of the second cold forging finishing lower die is smaller than that of the first cold forging finishing lower die, the outer diameter of the second cold forging finishing lower die is equal to that of the first cold forging finishing lower die and is equal to that of the third cold forging finishing die,
the third cold forging finishing lower die is a cylinder, the inner diameter is equal to the outer diameters of the first cold forging finishing lower die and the second cold forging finishing lower die, the first cold forging finishing lower die is arranged above the second cold forging finishing lower die, and the first cold forging finishing lower die and the second cold forging finishing lower die are arranged in the third cold forging finishing lower die.
The clamping involved in this embodiment preferably uses a step clamping, for example: the upper end part of the first warm forging upper die 301 is provided with a bulge, and the inside of the corresponding second warm forging upper die 302 is provided with a recess with the shape matched with the bulge of the upper end part of the first warm forging upper die 301; for example, the second warm forging upper die 302 has a protrusion on the outer wall thereof, and the third warm forging upper die 303 has a recess on the inner wall thereof, which is in a shape-fit manner, and the two are engaged with each other.
In this embodiment, the upper die holder includes an upper die plate 16 and an upper die pressure block 17 coaxially disposed within the upper die plate.
In this embodiment, the lower die holder includes a large pressure block 1, a lower die pressure block 2, a floating die plate 26, a compression ring 30, a spring 3, a floating pressure block 4, a lower die plate 32, and a table backing plate 33, where the large pressure block 1 is coaxially clamped in the lower die plate 32, the large pressure block is a lower die pressure block and a compression ring supporting part, and is coaxially fixed below the lower die pressure block and the compression ring to limit the upward and downward movements of the two, the compression ring 30 is sleeved on the lower die pressure block 2, and the lower end of the compression ring 30 is circumferentially provided with a step for fixing the large pressure block, the floating die plate is arranged above the compression ring, the floating die plate is connected with the compression ring by a slide bar, the slide bar is sleeved with a spring for storing and buffering, during the forging and pressing process, when the upper die and the lower die are separated, the lower die is restored to the original position, the floating pressure block is arranged coaxially with the floating template, the outer diameter of the floating pressure block is equal to the inner diameter of the mounting part of the floating template, the outer diameter of the floating pressure block is larger than the inner diameter of the floating template and smaller than the outer diameter of the floating template, the height of the floating pressure block is smaller than the height of the floating template, the lower die pressure block is a supporting part of a first flat die lower die, a first warm forging forming lower die and a first cold forging finishing lower die, downward movement of the corresponding lower die is limited in different forging processes, the springs are pressure ring energy storage and buffering parts and are arranged on sliding rods connected with the floating template through compression rings, and energy conducted by other lower dies (except the first flat die lower die, the first warm forging forming lower die and other lower dies of the first cold forging finishing lower die) is stored.
In this embodiment, a mold protection device is further provided, the mold protection device includes an upper mold sleeve 15, a lower mold sleeve 23 and an upper mold cushion plate 18, the upper mold cushion plate 18 is fixedly arranged above the upper mold base, the upper mold plate is fixedly arranged below the upper mold base, the lower mold sleeve 23 is arranged on the lower mold base, the upper mold sleeve and the lower mold sleeve are both cylinders, in different processing processes, the upper mold sleeve is coaxially and fixedly arranged at the outermost side of a corresponding male mold in the same straight bevel gear mold set, and the lower mold sleeve is coaxially and fixedly arranged at the outermost side of a corresponding female mold in the same straight bevel gear mold set.
In this embodiment, the upper and lower stripper pins 19 and 31 are hollow cylinders located between the upper and lower die pressure blocks, and some scraps will be blocked into the upper and lower dies during warm forging and cold forging, and this position can be used to clean up foreign matters such as scraps. In this embodiment, the small guide post 25 is a cylindrical guiding element, the guide sleeve 28 is sleeved on the small guide post 25, the element is connected with the floating template 26, the floating template is ensured to move in the vertical direction, the through-type oil pressing cup 29 is arranged on the side surface of the floating template 26, and the gasket 27 is arranged at the upper end of the small guide post.
In this embodiment, fig. 1 further includes a guide post 6, a guide sleeve 9 sleeved with the guide post 6, a small guide post 22 connected with a lower die sleeve 23, a common cylindrical pin a-shaped 24 for fixing the lower die sleeve 23 and a floating die plate 26, an upper die sleeve 15 sleeved on the outermost surface of the upper die and fixed with the upper die plate, and a large nut 13 and a T-shaped bolt 14 as fixing nuts used in this embodiment.
Claims (4)
1. A large-specification straight bevel gear multi-step forming device is characterized in that: comprises an upper die holder, a lower die holder and a same straight bevel gear die set arranged between the upper die holder and the lower die holder,
the same straight bevel gear die set comprises a flat die, a warm forging forming die, a warm forging shaping die and a cold forging finishing die which are respectively and correspondingly used in different processing processes of gears,
the flat die comprises a flat die male die and a flat die female die, the flat die male die comprises a first flat die upper die and a second flat die upper die, the flat die female die comprises a first flat die lower die and a second flat die lower die,
the first flat die upper die is a cylindrical male die, the second flat die upper die is a cylindrical male die, the first flat die upper die is clamped in the second flat die upper die,
the first flat die lower die is a solid cylinder, the second flat die lower die is a cylinder, and the first flat die lower die is inserted into the second flat die lower die;
the warm forging forming die comprises a warm forging forming male die and a warm forging forming female die, the warm forging forming male die comprises a first warm forging forming upper die, a second warm forging forming upper die, a third warm forging forming upper die and a fourth warm forging forming upper die which are coaxially arranged, the warm forging forming female die comprises a first warm forging forming lower die, a second warm forging forming lower die and a third warm forging forming lower die which are coaxially arranged,
the first warm forging upper die is a cylindrical male die, the diameter of the lower end part model is equal to the inner diameter of the gear mounting hole, the first warm forging upper die is clamped and connected in the second warm forging upper die,
the second warm forging forming upper die is a cylinder female die, a tooth-shaped die is arranged at the outer port of the second warm forging forming upper die, the tooth-shaped size of the tooth-shaped die is a half-forming size, a gear mounting hole die is arranged at the inner port of the tooth-shaped die,
the third warm forging upper die is a cylinder, the second warm forging upper die is clamped and connected in the third warm forging upper die, the third warm forging upper die is clamped and connected in the fourth warm forging upper die,
the fourth warm forging forming upper die is a cylinder,
the first warm forging lower die is a solid cylinder, a bulge is arranged in the middle of the upper end surface of the first warm forging lower die, the diameter of the bulge is equal to the diameter of a straight bevel gear shaft of a corresponding model, the rest bulge is a straight bevel gear non-working ground shape model, the first warm forging lower die is inserted into the second warm forging lower die,
the second warm forging lower die is a cylinder, a chamfer is arranged at the end face of the upper end of the inner wall of the cylinder, the second warm forging lower die is inserted into the third warm forging lower die,
the third warm forging forming lower die is a cylinder;
the warm forging shaping die comprises a warm forging shaping male die and a warm forging shaping female die, the warm forging shaping male die comprises a first warm forging shaping upper die, a second warm forging shaping upper die, a third warm forging shaping upper die and a fourth warm forging shaping upper die which are coaxially arranged, the warm forging shaping female die comprises a first warm forging shaping lower die, a second warm forging shaping lower die and a third warm forging shaping lower die which are coaxially arranged,
the first warm forging shaping upper die is a cylindrical male die, the diameter of the end part model is equal to the inner diameter of the gear mounting hole, the first warm forging shaping upper die is inserted into the second warm forging shaping upper die,
the second warm forging shaping upper die is a cylinder female die, the model end of the second warm forging shaping upper die is provided with a gear non-working end die, the second warm forging shaping upper die is clamped and connected in the third warm forging shaping upper die,
the third warm forging shaping upper die is a cylinder, when the model end of the third warm forging shaping upper die and the model end of the second warm forging shaping upper die work, the model end of the third warm forging shaping upper die and the model end of the second warm forging shaping upper die jointly form a gear non-working end face model, the third warm forging shaping upper die is clamped and connected in the fourth warm forging shaping upper die,
the fourth warm forging shaping upper die is a cylinder, moves synchronously with the third warm forging shaping upper die in the forging process, protects the third warm forging shaping upper die,
the first warm forging shaping lower die is a solid cylinder, a first bulge is arranged in the middle of the upper end surface of the first warm forging shaping lower die, the diameter of the bulge is equal to the shaft diameter of a straight bevel gear to be processed, a second bulge is also arranged at the periphery of the first bulge, the second bulge is a straight bevel gear non-working ground shape model,
the second warm forging shaping lower die is a cylinder, the inner diameter of the second warm forging shaping lower die is equal to the outer diameter of the first warm forging shaping upper die, the size of the model end of the second warm forging shaping lower die is the same as the theoretical size of the working surface of the gear to be processed, the first warm forging shaping lower die is arranged in the second warm forging shaping lower die,
the third warm forging shaping lower die is a cylinder, the inner diameter of the third warm forging shaping lower die is equal to the outer diameter of the second warm forging shaping lower die, and the second warm forging shaping lower die is arranged in the third warm forging shaping lower die;
the cold forging finishing die comprises a cold forging finishing male die and a cold forging finishing female die, the cold forging finishing male die comprises a first cold forging finishing upper die and a second cold forging finishing upper die which are coaxially arranged, the cold forging finishing female die comprises a first cold forging finishing lower die, a second cold forging finishing lower die and a third cold forging finishing lower die which are coaxially arranged,
the first cold forging finishing upper die is a cylinder male die, a non-working end die of a gear is arranged at a model end of the end part of the first cold forging finishing upper die,
the second cold forging finishing upper die is a cylinder, the first cold forging finishing upper die is clamped and arranged in the second cold forging finishing upper die, moves synchronously with the first cold forging finishing upper die in the forging and pressing process, protects the first cold forging finishing upper die,
the first cold forging finishing lower die is a cylindrical female die, a protruding part is arranged in the middle of the upper end face of the die end, the diameter of the protruding part is equal to the shaft diameter of a gear to be processed, the periphery of the upper end face of the die end is also provided with other protruding parts, the other protruding parts are straight bevel gear non-working ground shape models,
the second cold forging finishing lower die is a cylinder, the inner diameter of the second cold forging finishing lower die is smaller than that of the first cold forging finishing lower die, the outer diameter of the second cold forging finishing lower die is equal to that of the first cold forging finishing lower die and is equal to that of the third cold forging finishing die,
the third cold forging finishing lower die is a cylinder, the inner diameter is equal to the outer diameters of the first cold forging finishing lower die and the second cold forging finishing lower die, the first cold forging finishing lower die is arranged above the second cold forging finishing lower die, and the first cold forging finishing lower die and the second cold forging finishing lower die are arranged in the third cold forging finishing lower die.
2. The multi-step molding apparatus for large-sized spur bevel gears according to claim 1, wherein:
the upper die holder comprises an upper die plate and an upper die pressure block coaxially arranged in the upper die plate.
3. The multi-step molding apparatus for large-sized spur bevel gears according to claim 1, wherein: the die holder comprises a large pressure block, a lower die pressure block, a floating die plate, a clamp ring, a spring, a floating pressure block, a lower die plate and a workbench base plate, wherein the large pressure block is coaxially clamped in the lower die plate, the clamp ring is sleeved on the lower die pressure block, the floating die plate is arranged above the clamp ring, the floating die plate is connected with the clamp ring through a sliding rod, the spring is sleeved on the sliding rod, the floating pressure block is coaxially arranged with the floating die plate, and the outer diameter of the floating pressure block is equal to the inner diameter of the mounting part of the floating die plate.
4. The multi-step molding apparatus for large-sized spur bevel gears according to claim 1, wherein: the die protecting device comprises an upper die sleeve, a lower die sleeve and an upper die pad plate, wherein the upper die pad plate is fixedly arranged above the upper die holder, the upper die plate is fixedly arranged below the upper die holder, the lower die sleeve is fixedly arranged on the lower die holder, the upper die sleeve and the lower die sleeve are cylinders, and in different processing processes, the upper die sleeve is coaxially and fixedly arranged on the outermost side of a corresponding male die in the same straight bevel gear die set, and the lower die sleeve is coaxially and fixedly arranged on the outermost side of a corresponding female die in the same straight bevel gear die set.
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| CN201810345502.6A CN108311633B (en) | 2018-04-17 | 2018-04-17 | Multi-step forming equipment for large-specification straight bevel gear |
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| CN201810345502.6A CN108311633B (en) | 2018-04-17 | 2018-04-17 | Multi-step forming equipment for large-specification straight bevel gear |
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| CN108311633B true CN108311633B (en) | 2023-11-10 |
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| CN111687356B (en) * | 2020-05-24 | 2024-05-24 | 江苏飞船股份有限公司 | Warm forging precision forming die for straight bevel gear |
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