CN108607946A - A kind of big specification straight bevel gear study on precision forging technology - Google Patents

Abstract

The invention discloses a precision forging process for large-scale straight bevel gears, which includes the following steps: (1) heating the processing raw materials to 850°C in an electric furnace; (2) placing the flat die in precision forging forming equipment First, adjust the tonnage of the forging press according to the size of the required straight bevel gear, and upset the raw material on the flat die to the required thickness; (3) When the forging press is opened, heat the upper and lower dies to 350°C. The forming process of the present invention is suitable for the processing of large-scale spur bevel gears, and the forming process is divided into warm forging and cold forging on the basis of the original one-time forming based on the difference in forming resistance when the gears are formed in different stages; because The forming resistance changes greatly in different stages of the warm forging process. In order to protect the mold, the warm forging process is divided into three forging presses. After the processing technology is improved, the mold is improved, and one set of molds is changed to four sets of molds. Improve the forming equipment according to the movement of different parts of the mold at the same time.

Description

A precision forging process for large-scale spur bevel gears

technical field

The invention relates to a large-scale straight bevel gear precision forging forming process, which belongs to the technical manufacturing field of gears.

Background technique

The gear precision forging technology refers to the gear manufacturing technology in which the gear teeth are directly obtained from the complete tooth shape through precision forging, and the tooth surface does not need to be cut, or only needs a little finishing.

For a long time, straight-toothed bevel gears have been metal-cutting, with mature technology and reliable technology, but the metal fibers at the tooth root of the gear are cut off, which weakens the gear strength, and the cutting efficiency is low and the cost is high, which is not suitable for mass production. Although the traditional direct one-time forging method improves the processing efficiency and reduces material waste, the product precision is low and the mold wears seriously. Compared with the traditional cutting process, the gear precision forging process can improve the gear structure and mechanical properties; improve material utilization and production efficiency, reduce production costs; reduce tooth profile deformation during heat treatment, and improve tooth wear resistance and meshing When the stability, improve service life.

Ordinary one-time forging process cannot be processed in sections according to the forming resistance of gears at different stages, resulting in serious wear of the mold, and the formed gear cannot be finished during one-time forging, resulting in low precision and flashing of the gear after forging, so an additional step is required The machining process improves the precision, thereby reducing the production efficiency of the enterprise.

Aiming at the problems of low machining production efficiency, serious waste of materials, inability to remove flash and severe mold wear during one-time forging and pressing, it is necessary to improve molds and processing technology to avoid problems caused by machining and one-time forging and forming, and improve And improve the forming effect and quality of the mold, reduce production costs, improve production efficiency, and improve the forming process of the mold.

Contents of the invention

The purpose of the present invention is to provide a precision forging process for large-scale spur bevel gears, so as to avoid the problems caused by machining and one-time forging and pressing, improve and improve the forming effect and quality of the mold, reduce production costs, and improve production efficiency. Efficiency, improve the forming process of the mold.

In order to achieve the purpose of the above invention, the technical solution adopted in the present invention is: a large-scale straight bevel gear precision forging forming process, using a flat die to upset the raw material; using a warm forging forming die to process the tooth shape; using a warm forging shaping die Correct tooth shape; use cold forging finishing mold to remove flash and finish tooth shape,

Specifically include the following steps:

(1) Heating the processed raw materials to 850°C in an electric furnace;

(2) Place the flat die on the precision forging forming equipment, adjust the tonnage of the forging press according to the required straight bevel gear size, and upset the raw material on the flat die to the required thickness;

(3) When the forging press is opened, heat the upper and lower molds to 350°C;

(4) Place the warm forging forming die on the precision forging forming equipment, and the warm forging forming punch moves down. When the warm forging forming punch and warm forging forming die contact, the second warm forging forming lower die and the third warm forging forming The upper mold for warm forging is in contact with the third lower mold for warm forging and the upper mold for warm forging is in contact with the fourth upper mold for warm forging, and continues to move downward. According to the size of the straight bevel gear, the stamping tonnage is set to obtain a gear with rough tooth shape;

(5) Place the warm forging shaping die on the precision forging forming equipment, and the warm forging shaping punch moves down. When the warm forging shaping punch and the warm forging shaping die contact, the second warm forging shaping lower die and the third The warm forging and shaping upper mold is in contact with the third warm forging and shaping lower mold and the fourth warm forging and shaping upper mold, and continues to move downward. According to the size of the straight bevel gear, the stamping tonnage is set to obtain a gear with corrected tooth shape.

(6) Place the gear after warm forging on the punching machine, reopen the intermediate shaft hole, and determine the punching shaft diameter of the punching machine according to the shaft diameter of the straight bevel gear;

(7) Cool the workpiece processed in step (6) to normal temperature first, then perform shot blasting treatment, and then saponification treatment;

(7) Put the cold forging finishing mold on the precision forging forming equipment, move the gear punch processed in step (7) down and close the die to complete the cold forging finishing;

(8) After carburizing heat treatment processed in step (7), the processing is completed.

Preferably, the flat die is composed of a flat die punch and a flat die die. According to the size of the straight bevel gear to be processed, the forging tonnage of the forging press is adjusted to upset the 850°C raw material to a specified size.

Preferably, the warm forging forming die is composed of a warm forging forming punch and a warm forging forming die, the diameter of the first warm forging forming upper die is equal to the diameter of the shaft hole of the straight bevel gear, and the tooth shape die is the second warm forging forming upper mold.

Preferably, the warm forging shaping die is composed of a warm forging shaping punch and a warm forging shaping die, the diameter of the first warm forging shaping upper die and the first warm forging shaping lower die is equal to the diameter of the shaft hole of the straight bevel gear, The shape die is the second warm forging shaping lower die.

Preferably, the cold forging finishing die is composed of a cold forging finishing punch and a cold forging finishing die. The outer diameter of the shaft hole, the size of the non-working surface of the gear when the model end is working with the gear, which is the size of the non-working surface of the cooled semi-finished gear after warm forging and finishing. The outer diameter of the non-model end is greater than that of the model end, forming a stepped platform. The outer diameters of the non-model end and the model end are equal to the corresponding inner diameter of the second cold forging finishing upper die, and the two are installed together. The second cold forging and finishing upper die is a cylinder, the inner diameter is equal to the outer diameter of the third cold forging and finishing upper die, and the height is consistent with the third cold forging and finishing upper die, which is synchronized with the third cold forging and finishing upper die during the forging process Movement, protection of the third cold forging finishing upper die. The first cold forging and finishing lower die is a cylindrical die, and its inner diameter is equal to the outer diameter of the mounting hole in the gear work requirement. The model side of the die is the corresponding size of the working surface of the gear when it is working, and this size is the size adjustment of the semi-finished gear for warm forging and shaping. The diameter of the protruding part in the middle of the upper end surface is equal to the shaft diameter of the corresponding type of straight bevel gear, and the rest of the protruding part is the non-working ground shape model of the straight bevel gear. The second cold forging and finishing lower die is a cylinder, and its inner diameter is slightly smaller than the outer diameter of the first cold forging and finishing lower die. Die diameter. The third cold forging and finishing die is a cylinder, and the inner diameter is equal to the outer diameter of the first and second cold forging and finishing dies. There is a stepped platform on the outside, which is matched with the corresponding parts during installation.

Preferably, the upper and lower ejection pins are hollow cylinders located in the middle of the pressure blocks of the upper and lower dies. During warm forging and cold forging, some scraps of the ejector pins will be blocked into the upper and lower dies. The location can be used to clean up foreign objects such as debris.

Preferably, the guide post is a cylindrical guide element, which is connected with the floating module to ensure the vertical movement of the floating module.

The invention also discloses a precision forging and forming equipment for large-scale straight bevel gears, which includes an upper mold base, a lower mold base, and the same straight bevel gear mold set placed between the upper mold base and the lower mold base,

The same straight bevel gear die set includes flat dies, warm forging forming dies, warm forging shaping dies and cold forging finishing dies that are used in different processing processes of the gears,

The flat die includes a flat die punch and a flat die die, the flat die punch includes a first flat die upper die, a second flat die upper die, and the flat die die includes a first flat die lower die, The second flat die lower die,

The upper die of the first flat die is a cylindrical punch, the upper die of the second flat die is a cylindrical punch, and the upper die of the first flat die is clamped in the upper die of the second flat die,

The lower die of the first flat die is a solid cylinder, the lower die of the second flat die is a cylinder, and the lower die of the first flat die is inserted in the lower die of the second flat die;

The warm forging forming die includes a warm forging forming punch and a warm forging forming die, and the warm forging forming punch includes a first warm forging forming upper die, a second warm forging forming upper die, a third warm forging forming upper die, and a third warm forging forming upper die coaxially arranged. an upper die for forging and a fourth upper die for warm forging, the die for warm forging includes a first lower die for warm forging, a second lower die for warm forging and a third lower die for warm forging arranged coaxially,

The first upper mold for warm forging is a cylindrical punch, the diameter of the mold at the lower end is equal to the inner diameter of the gear installation hole, and the first upper mold for warm forging is clamped in the second upper mold for warm forging,

The second warm forging forming upper die is a cylindrical die, and its outer port is provided with a toothed die, the tooth shape of the toothed die is a semi-formed size, and its inner port is provided with a gear mounting hole die. The second upper mold for warm forging is clamped and installed in the third upper mold for warm forging,

The third upper mold for warm forging is a cylinder, the second upper mold for warm forging is clamped in the third upper mold for warm forging, and the third upper mold for warm forging is clamped in the fourth In the upper die of warm forging,

The fourth upper mold for warm forging is a cylinder,

The first lower mold for warm forging is a solid cylinder with a protruding part in the middle of its upper end surface. The diameter of the protruding part is equal to the shaft diameter of the corresponding type of straight bevel gear, and the remaining protruding parts are non-working straight bevel gears. The ground shape model, the first warm forging forming lower die is inserted in the second warm forging forming lower die,

The second warm forging lower die is a cylinder with chamfers on the upper end surface of the inner wall, the second warm forging lower die is inserted into the third warm forging lower die,

The third lower mold for warm forging is a cylinder;

The warm forging shaping die includes a warm forging shaping punch and a warm forging shaping concave die, and the warm forging shaping punch includes a first warm forging shaping upper die, a second warm forging shaping upper die, a third warm forging shaping upper die, and a warm forging shaping die. a forging and shaping upper die and a fourth warm forging and shaping upper die, the warm forging and shaping die includes a first warm forging and shaping lower die, a second warm forging and shaping lower die, and a third warm forging and shaping lower die,

The first warm forging and shaping upper die is a cylindrical punch, the diameter of the end mold is equal to the inner diameter of the gear installation hole, and the first warm forging and shaping upper die is inserted in the second warm forging and shaping upper die,

The second warm forging and shaping upper die is a cylindrical die, and the mold end is provided with a gear non-working end die, and the second warm forging and shaping upper die is clamped and arranged in the third warm forging and shaping upper die,

The third warm forging and shaping upper die is a cylinder, and when its model end is working with the second warm forging and shaping upper die, the two together form a gear non-working end face model, and the third warm forging and shaping upper die is clamped Set in the fourth warm forging and shaping upper mold,

The fourth warm forging and shaping upper die is a cylinder, which moves synchronously with the third warm forging and shaping upper die during the forging process to protect the third warm forging and shaping upper die,

The first warm forging and shaping lower die is a solid cylinder with a first protruding part in the middle of its upper end surface. The diameter of the protruding part is equal to the shaft diameter of the straight bevel gear to be processed. There is a second protruding part, the second protruding part is a straight bevel gear non-working ground shape model,

The second warm forging and shaping lower die is a cylinder whose inner diameter is equal to the outer diameter of the first warm forging and shaping upper die, and the size of the model end of the second warm forging and shaping lower die is the same as the theoretical size of the gear working surface to be processed. The first warm forging and shaping lower die is set in the second warm forging and shaping lower die,

The third warm forging and shaping lower die is a cylinder whose inner diameter is equal to the outer diameter of the second warm forging and shaping lower die, and the second warm forging and shaping lower die is set in the third warm forging and shaping lower die;

The cold forging finishing mold includes a cold forging finishing punch and a cold forging finishing die, and the cold forging finishing punch includes a first cold forging finishing upper die and a second cold forging finishing die set coaxially. The upper die, the cold forging and finishing die includes a first cold forging and finishing lower die, a second cold forging and finishing lower die and a third cold forging and finishing lower die arranged coaxially,

The first cold forging finishing upper die is a cylindrical punch, and the end of the die is provided with a gear non-working end die,

The second cold forging and finishing upper die is a cylinder, and the first cold forging and finishing upper die is clamped and arranged in the second cold forging and finishing upper die, and is connected with the first cold forging and finishing upper die during the forging process Synchronous movement to protect the first cold forging finishing upper die,

The first cold forging and finishing lower die is a cylindrical die, with a protruding part in the middle of the upper end surface of the model end, the diameter of the protruding part is equal to the shaft diameter of the gear to be processed, and other protrusions are provided on the outer periphery of the upper end surface of the model end. part, the remaining protruding part is the non-working ground shape model of the straight bevel gear,

The second cold forging and finishing lower die is a cylinder whose inner diameter is smaller than the inner diameter of the first cold forging and finishing lower die, and the outer diameter of the second cold forging and finishing lower die is equal to the first cold forging and finishing outer diameter, and Equal to the inner diameter of the third cold forging finishing die,

The third lower die for cold forging and finishing is a cylinder with an inner diameter equal to the outer diameter of the first and second lower dies for cold forging and finishing, and the first lower die for cold forging and finishing is set on the second lower die for cold forging and finishing above, and the first and second cold forging and finishing dies are both set in the third cold forging and finishing lower die.

Preferably, the upper mold base includes an upper mold plate and an upper mold pressure block coaxially arranged in the upper mold plate.

Preferably, the lower mold base includes a large pressure block, a lower mold pressure block, a floating template, a compression ring, a spring, a floating pressure block, a lower template, and a workbench backing plate, and the large pressure block is coaxially clamped on the In the lower formwork, the large pressure block is the support part of the lower die pressure block and the compression ring, which is coaxially fixed under the lower die pressure block and the compression ring to restrict their upward and downward movement. The compression ring is sleeved on the lower die On the molded pressure block, and the lower end of the compression ring is circumferentially provided with steps for fixing a large pressure block, the floating template is arranged above the compression ring, and the floating template and the compression ring are connected by a slide bar. There is a spring on the sliding rod, which is used for energy storage and buffering. During the forging process, the energy of the floating template is stored. When the upper and lower molds are separated, the lower mold is restored to its original position. The floating pressure block is coaxial with the floating template. The outer diameter of the floating pressure block is equal to the inner diameter of the installation place of the floating formwork, the outer diameter of the floating pressure block is larger than the inner diameter of the floating formwork and smaller than the outer diameter of the floating formwork, the height of the floating pressure block is smaller than the height of the floating formwork, and the pressure block of the lower die is the first A flat die lower die, the first warm forging forming lower die, the first warm forging shaping lower die, and the supporting part of the first cold forging finishing lower die limit the downward movement of the corresponding lower die during different forging processes, the The spring is the energy storage and buffer part of the pressure ring, which is installed on the slide bar connected between the pressure ring and the floating template to store other lower dies (except the first flat die lower die, the first warm forging lower die, the first warm forging shaping Lower die, and other lower dies of the first cold forging finishing lower die) conducted energy.

Preferably, a mold protection device is also provided, and the mold protection device includes an upper mold cover, a lower mold cover and an upper mold backing plate, the upper mold backing plate is fixed above the upper mold base, and the upper mold is fixed Below the upper mold base, the lower mold sleeve is fixed on the lower mold base, and the upper and lower mold sleeves are cylinders. In different processing processes, the upper mold sleeve is coaxially fixed on the same straight line. The outermost side of the corresponding punch in the bevel gear mold set, and the lower die sleeve is coaxially fixed on the outermost side of the corresponding concave mold in the same straight bevel gear mold set.

Due to the use of the above-mentioned technical solutions, the present invention has the following advantages compared with the prior art:

The forming process of the present invention is suitable for the processing of large-scale spur bevel gears, and the forming process is divided into warm forging and cold forging on the basis of the original one-time forming based on the difference in forming resistance when the gears are formed in different stages; because The forming resistance changes greatly in different stages of the warm forging process. In order to protect the mold, the warm forging process is divided into three forging presses. After the processing technology is improved, the mold is improved, and one set of molds is changed to four sets of molds. Improve the forming equipment according to the movement of different parts of the mold at the same time. The above improvements to the forming equipment and corresponding molds and processes have effectively improved the problems of severe mold damage and flashing in the original processing method.

Description of drawings

Fig. 1 is a schematic structural diagram of a precision forging and forming equipment for large-scale spur bevel gears according to Embodiment 1 of the present invention.

Fig. 2 is a flat die diagram of the precision forging forming equipment for large-scale spur bevel gears according to Embodiment 1 of the present invention.

Fig. 3 is a diagram of a warm forging forming die of a precision forging forming equipment for a large-scale spur bevel gear according to Embodiment 1 of the present invention.

Fig. 4 is a diagram of a warm forging shaping die of a precision forging forming equipment for a large-scale spur bevel gear according to Embodiment 1 of the present invention.

Fig. 5 is a diagram of a cold forging finish die of a large-scale spur bevel gear finish forging forming equipment according to Embodiment 1 of the present invention.

Among them: 1. Large pressure block; 2. Lower die pressure block; 3. Spring; 4. Floating pressure block; 5. Lower die 1; 6. Guide post; 7. Lower die 2; 8. Lower die 3; 9. Guide sleeve; 10. Upper die 2; 11. Upper die 3; 12. Upper die 4; 13. Big nut; 14. T-bolt; 15. Upper die set; 16. Upper die; 17. Upper die pressure block ;18, upper mold backing plate; 19, upper return pin; 20, upper mold 1; 21, model cavity; 22, small guide post; 23, lower mold cover; 24, ordinary cylindrical pin A type; 25, small guide Column; 26. Floating formwork; 27. Gasket; 28. Guide sleeve; 29. Straight-through pressure oiling cup; 30. Compression ring; 31. Lower ejector chute; 32. Lower formwork; 33. Worktable backing plate; 201, the first flat die upper die; 202, the second flat die upper die; 203, the first flat die lower die; 204, the second flat die lower die; 301, the first warm forging forming upper die; 302, the second Warm forging forming upper die; 303, the third warm forging forming upper die; 304, the fourth warm forging forming upper die; 305, the first warm forging forming lower die; 306, the second warm forging forming lower die; 307, the third Warm forging forming lower die; 401, first warm forging shaping upper die; 402, second warm forging shaping upper die; 403, third warm forging shaping upper die; 404, fourth warm forging shaping upper die; 405, first Warm forging shaping lower die; 406, second warm forging shaping lower die; 407, third warm forging shaping lower die; 501, first cold forging finishing upper die; 502, second cold forging finishing upper die; 503, The first lower die for cold forging and finishing; 504, the second lower die for cold forging and finishing; 505, the third lower die for cold forging and finishing.

Detailed ways

The present invention will be further described below in conjunction with accompanying drawing and embodiment:

Example 1: A precision forging forming process for large-scale straight bevel gears, using a flat die to upset the raw material; using a warm forging forming die to process the tooth profile; using a warm forging shaping die to correct the tooth profile; using a cold forging finishing die Deflashing, finishing tooth shape,

Specifically include the following steps:

(1) Heating the processed raw materials to 850°C in an electric furnace;

(2) Place the flat die on the precision forging forming equipment, adjust the tonnage of the forging press according to the required straight bevel gear size, and upset the raw material on the flat die to the required thickness;

(3) When the forging press is opened, heat the upper and lower molds to 350°C;

(4) Place the warm forging forming die on the precision forging forming equipment, and the warm forging forming punch moves down. When the warm forging forming punch and warm forging forming die contact, the second warm forging forming lower die and the third warm forging forming The upper mold for warm forging is in contact with the third lower mold for warm forging and the upper mold for warm forging is in contact with the fourth upper mold for warm forging, and continues to move downward. According to the size of the straight bevel gear, the stamping tonnage is set to obtain a gear with rough tooth shape;

(5) Place the warm forging shaping die on the precision forging forming equipment, and the warm forging shaping punch moves down. When the warm forging shaping punch and the warm forging shaping die contact, the second warm forging shaping lower die and the third The warm forging and shaping upper mold is in contact with the third warm forging and shaping lower mold and the fourth warm forging and shaping upper mold, and continues to move downward. According to the size of the straight bevel gear, the stamping tonnage is set to obtain a gear with corrected tooth shape.

(6) Place the gear after warm forging on the punching machine, reopen the intermediate shaft hole, and determine the punching shaft diameter of the punching machine according to the shaft diameter of the straight bevel gear;

(7) Cool the workpiece processed in step (6) to normal temperature first, then perform shot blasting treatment, and then saponification treatment;

(7) Put the cold forging finishing mold on the precision forging forming equipment, move the gear punch processed in step (7) down and close the die to complete the cold forging finishing;

(8) After carburizing heat treatment processed in step (7), the processing is completed.

In this embodiment, the flat die is composed of a flat die punch and a flat die die. According to the size of the straight bevel gear to be processed, the forging tonnage of the forging press is adjusted to upset the 850°C raw material to a specified size.

In this embodiment, the warm forging forming die is composed of a warm forging forming punch and a warm forging forming die. forging upper die;

In this embodiment, the warm forging shaping die is composed of a warm forging shaping punch and a warm forging shaping concave die, the diameter of the first warm forging shaping upper die and the first warm forging shaping lower die is equal to the diameter of the shaft hole of the straight bevel gear , the tooth-shaped die is the second warm forging and shaping lower die;

In this embodiment, the cold forging finishing die is composed of a cold forging finishing punch and a cold forging finishing die. The outer diameter of the shaft hole at the working end, and the size of the non-working surface of the gear when the model end is working with the gear, which is the size of the non-working surface of the cooled semi-finished gear after warm forging and finishing. The outer diameter of the non-model end is greater than that of the model end, forming a stepped platform. The outer diameters of the non-model end and the model end are equal to the corresponding inner diameter of the second cold forging finishing upper die, and the two are installed together. The second cold forging and finishing upper die is a cylinder, the inner diameter is equal to the outer diameter of the third cold forging and finishing upper die, and the height is consistent with the third cold forging and finishing upper die, which is synchronized with the third cold forging and finishing upper die during the forging process Movement, protection of the third cold forging finishing upper die. The first cold forging and finishing lower die is a cylindrical die, and its inner diameter is equal to the outer diameter of the mounting hole in the gear work requirement. The model side of the die is the corresponding size of the working surface of the gear when it is working, and this size is the size adjustment of the semi-finished gear for warm forging and shaping. The diameter of the protruding part in the middle of the upper end surface is equal to the shaft diameter of the corresponding type of straight bevel gear, and the rest of the protruding part is the non-working ground shape model of the straight bevel gear. The second cold forging and finishing lower die is a cylinder, and its inner diameter is slightly smaller than the outer diameter of the first cold forging and finishing lower die. Die diameter. The third cold forging and finishing die is a cylinder, and the inner diameter is equal to the outer diameter of the first and second cold forging and finishing dies. There is a stepped platform on the outside, which is matched with the corresponding parts during installation.

Referring to Fig. 1, a large-scale spur bevel gear precision forging forming equipment includes an upper mold base, a lower mold base, and the same straight bevel gear die set placed between the upper mold base and the lower mold base,

The same straight bevel gear die set includes flat dies, warm forging forming dies, warm forging shaping dies and cold forging finishing dies that are used in different processing processes of the gears,

Referring to shown in Fig. 2, described flat die mold comprises flat die punch and flat die die, and described flat die punch comprises first flat die upper die 201, the second flat die upper die 202, and described flat die die Including the first flat die lower die 203, the second flat die lower die 204,

The first flat die upper die 201 is a cylindrical punch, the second flat die upper die 202 is a cylindrical punch, and the first flat die upper die 201 is clamped in the second flat die upper die 202 ,

The first flat die lower die 203 is a solid cylinder, the second flat die lower die 204 is a cylinder, and the first flat die lower die 203 is inserted in the second flat die lower die 204;

3, the warm forging forming die includes a warm forging forming punch and a warm forging forming die, and the warm forging forming punch includes a coaxially arranged first warm forging forming upper die 301, a second warm forging forming Forming upper die 302, a third warm forging forming upper die 303 and a fourth warm forging forming upper die 304, the warm forging forming die includes a coaxially arranged first warm forging forming lower die 305, a second warm forging forming lower die Die 306, third warm forging lower die 307,

The first upper mold for warm forging forming 301 is a cylindrical punch, the diameter of the mold at the lower end thereof is equal to the inner diameter of the gear installation hole, and the first upper mold for warm forging forming is clamped in the second upper mold for warm forging forming,

The second warm forging forming upper die 302 is a cylindrical die, and its outer port is provided with a toothed die, the tooth shape size of the toothed die is a semi-formed size, and its inner port is provided with a gear mounting hole die, so The second upper mold for warm forging is clamped and installed in the third upper mold for warm forging,

The third upper die 303 for warm forging is a cylinder, the second upper die for warm forging is clamped in the third upper die for warm forging, and the third upper die for warm forging is clamped in the third upper die for warm forging. In the upper die of four warm forging forming,

The fourth warm forging upper die 304 is a cylinder,

The first lower die 305 for warm forging is a solid cylinder with a protruding part in the middle of its upper end surface. The diameter of the protruding part is equal to the shaft diameter of the corresponding type of straight bevel gear. The working ground shape model, the first warm forging forming lower die is inserted in the second warm forging forming lower die,

The second warm forging lower die 306 is a cylinder with chamfers on the upper end surface of the inner wall, the second warm forging lower die is inserted into the third warm forging lower die,

The third warm forging lower die 307 is a cylinder;

Referring to Fig. 4, the warm forging shaping die includes a warm forging shaping punch and a warm forging shaping concave die, and the warm forging shaping punch includes a first warm forging shaping upper die 401 coaxially arranged, a second warm forging shaping upper die 401, and a warm forging shaping die. , 402, the third warm forging shaping upper die 403 and the fourth warm forging shaping upper die 404, the warm forging shaping die includes a first warm forging shaping lower die 405 and a second warm forging shaping lower die 406 arranged coaxially and the third warm forging shaping lower die 407,

The first warm forging and shaping upper die is a cylindrical punch, the diameter of the end mold is equal to the inner diameter of the gear installation hole, and the first warm forging and shaping upper die is inserted in the second warm forging and shaping upper die,

The second warm forging and shaping upper die is a cylindrical die, and the mold end is provided with a gear non-working end die, and the second warm forging and shaping upper die is clamped and arranged in the third warm forging and shaping upper die,

The third warm forging and shaping upper die is a cylinder, and when its model end is working with the second warm forging and shaping upper die, the two together form a gear non-working end face model, and the third warm forging and shaping upper die is clamped Set in the fourth warm forging and shaping upper mold,

The fourth warm forging and shaping upper die is a cylinder, which moves synchronously with the third warm forging and shaping upper die during the forging process to protect the third warm forging and shaping upper die,

The first warm forging and shaping lower die is a solid cylinder with a first protruding part in the middle of its upper end surface. The diameter of the protruding part is equal to the shaft diameter of the straight bevel gear to be processed. There is a second protruding part, the second protruding part is a straight bevel gear non-working ground shape model,

The second warm forging and shaping lower die is a cylinder whose inner diameter is equal to the outer diameter of the first warm forging and shaping upper die, and the size of the model end of the second warm forging and shaping lower die is the same as the theoretical size of the gear working surface to be processed. The first warm forging and shaping lower die is set in the second warm forging and shaping lower die,

The third warm forging and shaping lower die is a cylinder whose inner diameter is equal to the outer diameter of the second warm forging and shaping lower die, and the second warm forging and shaping lower die is set in the third warm forging and shaping lower die;

Referring to Fig. 5, the cold forging finishing die includes a cold forging finishing punch and a cold forging finishing die, and the cold forging finishing punch includes a first cold forging finishing upper 501 and a second Two cold forging and finishing upper dies 502, the cold forging and finishing dies include a first cold forging and finishing lower die 503, a second cold forging and finishing lower die 504 and a third cold forging and finishing lower die 505,

The first cold forging finishing upper die is a cylindrical punch, and the end of the die is provided with a gear non-working end die,

The second cold forging and finishing upper die is a cylinder, and the first cold forging and finishing upper die is clamped and arranged in the second cold forging and finishing upper die, and is connected with the first cold forging and finishing upper die during the forging process Synchronous movement to protect the first cold forging finishing upper die,

The first cold forging and finishing lower die is a cylindrical die, with a protruding part in the middle of the upper end surface of the model end, the diameter of the protruding part is equal to the shaft diameter of the gear to be processed, and other protrusions are provided on the outer periphery of the upper end surface of the model end. part, the remaining protruding part is the non-working ground shape model of the straight bevel gear,

The second cold forging and finishing lower die is a cylinder whose inner diameter is smaller than the inner diameter of the first cold forging and finishing lower die, and the outer diameter of the second cold forging and finishing lower die is equal to the first cold forging and finishing outer diameter, and Equal to the inner diameter of the third cold forging finishing die,

The third lower die for cold forging and finishing is a cylinder with an inner diameter equal to the outer diameter of the first and second lower dies for cold forging and finishing, and the first lower die for cold forging and finishing is set on the second lower die for cold forging and finishing above, and the first and second cold forging and finishing dies are both set in the third cold forging and finishing lower die.

The clipping involved in this embodiment is preferably step clipping, for example: the upper end of the first warm forging forming upper die 301 is provided with a protrusion, and the inside of the second warm forging forming upper die 302 is provided with a shape and The upper end of the first warm forging upper die 301 protrudes into a depression that matches the shape; for example, the upper outer wall of the second warm forging upper die 302 is provided with a protrusion, and the upper inner wall of the third warm forging upper die 303 is provided with a shape Matching depressions, the two form a snap connection.

In this embodiment, the upper mold seat includes an upper mold plate 16 and an upper mold pressure block 17 coaxially arranged in the upper mold plate.

In this embodiment, the lower mold base includes a large pressure block 1, a lower mold pressure block 2, a floating template 26, a compression ring 30, a spring 3, a floating pressure block 4, a lower template 32, and a workbench backing plate 33. The large pressure block 1 is coaxially clamped and arranged in the lower template 32. The large pressure block is the supporting part of the lower die pressure block and the compression ring, and is coaxially fixed below the lower die pressure block and the compression ring to limit both Moving up and down, the compression ring 30 is sleeved on the pressure block 2 of the lower mold, and the lower end of the compression ring 30 is provided with steps in the circumferential direction for fixing a large pressure block, and the floating template is arranged above the compression ring. The floating template is connected to the pressing ring through a slide bar, and a spring is set on the slide bar, which acts as energy storage and buffering. During the forging process, the energy of the floating template is stored. When the upper and lower molds are separated, the lower mold is restored to its original position. , the floating pressure block is set coaxially with the floating formwork, the outer diameter of the floating pressure block is equal to the inner diameter of the installation place of the floating formwork, the outer diameter of the floating pressure block is larger than the inner diameter of the floating formwork and smaller than the outer diameter of the floating formwork, the floating pressure The height of the block is less than the height of the floating template, and the lower die pressure block is the supporting part of the first flat die lower die, the first warm forging forming lower die, the first warm forging shaping lower die, and the first cold forging finishing lower die, The downward movement of the corresponding lower die is restricted during different forging processes. The spring is the energy storage and buffer part of the pressure ring, which is installed on the slide bar connected between the pressing ring and the floating template, and stores other lower dies (except the first flat die) die, the first warm forging forming lower die, the first warm forging shaping lower die, and other lower dies of the first cold forging finishing lower die) conduct energy.

In this embodiment, a mold protection device is also provided, and the mold protection device includes an upper mold cover 15, a lower mold cover 23 and an upper mold backing plate 18, and the upper mold backing plate 18 is fixed above the upper mold base, The upper template is fixed below the upper mold base, the lower mold cover 23 is arranged on the lower mold base, and the upper and lower mold covers are cylinders. In different processing processes, the upper mold cover is the same as The shaft is fixedly arranged on the outermost side of the corresponding punch in the same straight bevel gear mold set, and the lower die sleeve is coaxially fixed on the outermost side of the corresponding concave mold in the same straight bevel gear mold set.

In this embodiment, the upper ejection pin 19 and the lower ejection pin 31 are hollow cylinders located in the middle of the pressure blocks of the upper and lower dies, and the ejection pins will be blocked by some scraps during warm forging and cold forging. In the upper and lower dies, this position can be used to clean up foreign matter such as waste. In this embodiment, the small guide post 25 is a cylindrical guide element, and the guide sleeve 28 is sleeved on the small guide post 25. This element is connected with the floating template 26 to ensure that the floating template moves in the vertical direction, and the straight-through pressure injection The cup 29 is arranged on the side of the floating template 26, and the gasket 27 is arranged on the upper end of the small guide post.

In this embodiment, Fig. 1 is also provided with a guide post 6 and a guide sleeve 9 for the guide post 6, the small guide post 22 is connected with the lower mold case 23, and the ordinary cylindrical pin A type 24 is used to fix the lower die case 23 and the floating Template 26, patrix cover 15 is set on the outermost of patrix, and it is fixed with patrix, and big nut 13, T-bolt 14 are the fixing nuts that this embodiment uses.

Claims (5)

1. A precision forging forming process for large-scale straight bevel gears, characterized in that: using a flat die to upset the raw material; using a warm forging forming die to process the tooth profile; using a warm forging shaping die to correct the tooth profile; using cold forging precision Deburring of the whole mold, finishing the tooth shape, Specifically include the following steps: (1) Heating the processed raw materials to 850°C in an electric furnace; (2) Place the flat die on the precision forging forming equipment, adjust the tonnage of the forging press according to the required straight bevel gear size, and upset the raw material on the flat die to the required thickness; (3) When the forging press is opened, heat the upper and lower molds to 350°C; (4) Place the warm forging forming die on the precision forging forming equipment, and the warm forging forming punch moves down. When the warm forging forming punch and warm forging forming die contact, the second warm forging forming lower die and the third warm forging forming The upper mold for warm forging is in contact with the third lower mold for warm forging and the upper mold for warm forging is in contact with the fourth upper mold for warm forging, and continues to move downward. According to the size of the straight bevel gear, the stamping tonnage is set to obtain a gear with rough tooth shape; (5) Place the warm forging shaping die on the precision forging forming equipment, and the warm forging shaping punch moves down. When the warm forging shaping punch and the warm forging shaping die contact, the second warm forging shaping lower die and the third The upper mold for warm forging shaping is in contact with the third lower mold for warm forging shaping and the fourth upper mold for warm forging shaping, and continues to move downward. According to the size of the straight bevel gear, the stamping tonnage is set to obtain a gear with corrected tooth shape; (6) Place the gear after warm forging on the punching machine, reopen the intermediate shaft hole, and determine the punching shaft diameter of the punching machine according to the shaft diameter of the straight bevel gear; (7) Cool the workpiece processed in step (6) to normal temperature first, then perform shot blasting treatment, and then saponification treatment; (7) Put the cold forging finishing mold on the precision forging forming equipment, move the gear punch processed in step (7) down and close the die to complete the cold forging finishing; (8) After carburizing heat treatment processed in step (7), the processing is completed. 2. The precision forging process for large-scale spur bevel gears according to claim 1, characterized in that: the flat die is composed of a flat die punch and a flat die die, and according to the size of the straight bevel gear to be processed, Adjust the forging tonnage of the forging press, and upset the 850°C raw material to the specified size. 3. The precision forging forming process for large-scale spur bevel gears according to claim 1, characterized in that: the warm forging forming die is composed of a warm forging forming punch and a warm forging forming die, and the first warm forging forming The diameter of the upper die is equal to the diameter of the shaft hole of the straight-toothed bevel gear, and the tooth-shaped die is the second warm forging forming upper die. 4. The precision forging forming process for large-scale spur bevel gears according to claim 1, characterized in that: the warm forging shaping die is composed of a warm forging shaping punch and a warm forging shaping die, the first warm forging shaping The diameter of the upper mold and the first warm forging and shaping lower mold is equal to the diameter of the shaft hole of the straight bevel gear, and the tooth shape mold is the second warm forging and shaping lower mold. 5. The precision forging process for large-scale spur bevel gears according to claim 1, characterized in that: the cold forging finishing die is composed of a cold forging finishing punch and a cold forging finishing die, and the tooth shape is In the lower mold, the model end is the non-working end die of the gear, and the inner diameter is equal to the outer diameter of the shaft hole of the non-working end of the corresponding type of gear. When the model end is the working gear, the size of the non-working surface of the gear is the size of the cooling after warm forging and finishing. The size of the non-working surface of the semi-finished gear is finished, and the outer diameter of the non-model end is larger than the model end to form a stepped platform. The outer diameters of the non-model end and the model end are equal to the corresponding inner diameter of the second cold forging finishing upper die, and the two are installed together; The second cold forging finishing upper die is a cylinder, the inner diameter is equal to the outer diameter of the third cold forging finishing upper die, the height is the same as the third cold forging finishing upper die, and it moves synchronously with the third cold forging finishing upper die during the forging process , to protect the third cold forging finishing upper die, the first cold forging finishing lower die is a cylindrical die, its inner diameter is equal to the outer diameter of the mounting hole in the gear work requirements, and the model end of the die is the corresponding size of the working surface when the gear is working , this size is for finishing the size of the semi-finished gear for warm forging and shaping. The diameter of the middle protruding part of the upper end face is equal to the shaft diameter of the corresponding model of straight bevel gear, and the rest of the protruding part is the non-working ground shape model of the straight bevel gear. The second The lower die for cold forging and finishing is a cylinder, and its inner diameter is slightly smaller than the outer diameter of the first lower die for cold forging and finishing. , the third cold forging and finishing die is a cylinder, the inner diameter is equal to the outer diameter of the first and second cold forging and finishing dies, and there is a stepped platform outside, which is matched with the corresponding parts during installation.