CN102601595B - Cold extrusion forming method for 20CrMnTi cylinder spur gear - Google Patents
Cold extrusion forming method for 20CrMnTi cylinder spur gear Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
A cold extrusion forming method for a 20CrMnTi cylinder spur gear sequentially comprises the steps of blanking, annealing, shot blasting treatment, softening treatment, extruding, punching, rough turning, finish turning, carburization treatment, secondary shot blasting and accurate grinding and is characterized in that 20CrMnTi round steel is sawed to form blanks, and shot blasting and softening are carried out on the blanks after annealing; a specially-used die is placed in a clod extrusion hydraulic machine, the blanks after the softening are placed in the specially-used die to complete the actions of punching and teeth pressing in a one-time forming manner, formed teeth are ejected out of a die frame by an ejector rod, so as to complete one extrusion action and obtain a cylinder spur gear semi-finished product with a blind hole; the blind hole of the cylinder spur gear semi-finished product is punched into a through hole; the rough turning and the finish turning are carried out; the carburization treatment and the shot blasting treatment are carried out on the semi-finished product after the finish turning, and the accurate grinding is carried out on an inner hole and the end surface, so as to obtain the cylinder spur gear finished product. According to the method, the utilization rate of the material is improved, the process flows are reduced, the processing time is saved, and the overall mechanical property of the part is greatly improved.
Description
One, technical field:
The invention belongs to a kind of method of spur gear wheel cold-extrusion shaping.
Two, background technology:
The spur gear wheel purposes is very extensive, for example can be for powerful electric tool or various transmission components mechanically.
The processing of traditional spur gear wheel must be passed through blanking, boring, rough turn (cylindrical, endoporus, end face), finish turning, arrives gear hobbing, gear shaping or shaving, heat treatment, fine grinding again, be arrived finished product packing, wherein with regard to tooth Profile Machining, average each tooth Profile Machining need to be taken 15-20 minute, the processing of endoporus is except boring, more need bore hole, the cycle used expands to 30 minutes especially.
And conventional gears processing technology consumable quantity is large, waste is serious, and in the tooth Profile Machining process, bite is large, and smear metal is many, and simultaneously, the cutter rapid wear, often change, and crudy is extremely unstable.
Except machining, sometimes also adopt the method for hot extrusion to carry out the processing of spur gear wheel, be about to blank burning heat is forged to certain temperature, just can obtain profile of tooth, but the profile accuracy that machining obtains is poor, and mechanical performance obviously reduces, and in batches uniformity and interchangeability not high, be not suitable for producing in enormous quantities.
There is before this people also to attempt adopting the cold-stamped mode to realize that Gear Processing for example proposes to realize by the mode of extruding in Chinese patent CN200510017621.1, adopt the forward extrusion forming technology, but shape when not relating to hole and tooth.And the mould structure aspect exists certain unreasonable, die life and Product Precision be difficult for guaranteeing, therefore causes practical significance too not large in actual production.
Three, summary of the invention:
The present invention is directed to the deficiencies in the prior art, traditional method is innovated, provide a kind of mode with once-forming synchronously to complete the 20CrMnTi spur gear wheel cold-extrusion shaping method of pressing hole and pressing tooth to move.
In order to solve the problem existed in traditional handicraft, the present invention realizes by following steps:
A kind of 20CrMnTi spur gear wheel cold-extrusion shaping method comprises successively:
Blanking, annealing, Shot Blasting, softening processing, extruding, punching, rough turn, finish turning, Carburization Treatment, secondary ball blast, fine grinding is characterized in that:
Blanking: the 20CrMnTi round steel is sawn into to blank;
Annealing: blank is inserted to industrial furnace and carry out annealing in process, it is cooling with stove after individual hour that in stove, temperature is heated to 800-900 ℃ of insulation 5-7;
Shot Blasting: adopt shot-blast cleaning machine to carry out Shot Blasting the blank after annealing, in the situation that guarantee that workpiece is not wounded scale removal;
The softening processing: the blank after Shot Blasting is carried out to oil removing, softening neutralization adjustment (can use phospholeum or macromolecule solvent), cleans;
Extruding: comprise the synchronous pressure hole and press tooth, be about to particular manufacturing craft and insert cold extrusion hydraulic press;
Described particular manufacturing craft comprises the mould bases consisted of die shoe, upper bolster, lead, wherein:
Upper bolster is fixed on lead, has the hole of matching with lead on die shoe, and lead through this Kong Houyu die shoe movingly;
Upper bolster is fixed with annular die cavity below by bolt, heelpiece is housed in annular die cavity from top to bottom successively, the seaming chuck fixed cover, in the seaming chuck fixed cover, interference fit has seaming chuck, the seaming chuck retaining ring is housed below the seaming chuck fixed cover, and the seaming chuck retaining ring is fixed by screws on annular die cavity;
Be bolted lower mode cavity above die shoe, cushion block is housed in lower mode cavity from bottom to top successively, the die circle, be loaded on the push-down head fixed cover in the die circle, the push-down head of interference fit in the push-down head fixed cover, centre has the tooth mould of die cavity, lower cavity die, in lower cavity die, interference fit has fairlead, and lower gasket is housed above lower cavity die, and lower gasket is bolted on lower mode cavity;
Seaming chuck and push-down head are positioned on same axis;
Push-down head top is arranged in the die cavity of tooth mould;
The die shoe bottom has axis hole, on cushion block, push-down head fixed cover, has crescent hole, and the axis hole of a crescent push rod through the die shoe bottom arranged, then stretches in the die cavity of tooth mould through after crescent hole;
Under the condition that guarantees particular manufacturing craft axiality and perpendicularity, blank after softening the processing is put in the fairlead of particular manufacturing craft, in the situation that upper bolster keeps fixing, rising cold extrusion hydraulic press hydraulic jack, hydraulic jack drives die shoe and slowly moves up, seaming chuck contacts with blank slowly, and apply larger power, blank is pushed in the tooth mould, after this seaming chuck continues to apply larger power to blank, make blank generation plastic deformation, thereby the mode with once-forming completes the action of pressing hole and pressing tooth, then return die shoe, by push rod, formed tooth is ejected to mould bases, just complete once extruding action, obtain the spur gear wheel semi-finished product with blind hole, certainly, or, in the situation that die shoe keeps fixing, decline hydraulic press hydraulic jack, drive upper bolster and slowly move down, and seaming chuck contacts with blank slowly, and this also is construed as the technical scheme with the such scheme equivalence,
Punching: with the drift of power press with fixed bed, will be washed into through hole with the half-finished blind hole of the spur gear wheel of blind hole;
Rough turn: that the spur gear wheel semi-finished product after punching are carried out to rough turn processing;
Finish turning: the spur gear wheel semi-finished product after rough turn are carried out to the finish turning processing;
Carburization Treatment: use carburizer to carry out Carburization Treatment the spur gear wheel semi-finished product after finish turning;
The secondary ball blast: the spur gear wheel semi-finished product after adopting shot-blast cleaning machine to Carburization Treatment carry out Shot Blasting;
Fine grinding: the half-finished endoporus of spur gear wheel after using internal grinder to the secondary ball blast is refined, and the half-finished end face of spur gear wheel after adopting surface grinding machine to the secondary ball blast is refined, and obtains the spur gear wheel finished product.
In the present invention: the processes such as blanking, annealing, Shot Blasting, softening processing, punching, rough turn, finish turning, Carburization Treatment, secondary ball blast, fine grinding also can be by common mode in product design requirements employing industry.
The correlation technique parameter is done to adaptability revision, and the present invention also is applicable to the spur gear wheel cold-extrusion shaping of the close material of other performance, and this also is construed as the technical scheme with the such scheme equivalence.
Usually: upper heelpiece is placed in upper bolster, be mainly interference fit, upper heelpiece and annular die cavity carry out interference fit, middle pad retainer ring and upper pad carry out interference fit, seaming chuck and seaming chuck fixed cover are in engagement process, not only to guarantee the necessary magnitude of interference, to guarantee simultaneously seaming chuck perpendicularity and and the dead in line of whole secondary mould, lower cavity die and fairlead are interference fit, note regulating the magnitude of interference, simultaneously, reserved certain compacting surplus in the process coordinated, suppress cooperation by the pressure of hydraulic press, the tooth mould is by tooth mould overcoat, in the tooth mould, cover and hard-metal insert mould three parts form, the tooth mould is placed in below lower cavity die, push-down head and push-down head fixed cover pass through interference fit, after reserved compacting amount, with the die circle, coordinate, the push-down head fixed cover is placed on die on cushion block, pass into push rod, the die lower cushion block plays supporting role, on die under cushion block, the lower mode cavity retainer ring successively, lower mode cavity retainer ring and lower mode cavity carry out interference fit, push-down head fixed cover wherein, on die, cushion block all has the crescent moon through hole, to facilitate the upper and lower displacement of push rod, seaming chuck and seaming chuck fixed cover carry out interference fit, the hardness of seaming chuck and toughness have high requirement, top more needs to carry out polishing, seaming chuck generally adopts Cr12MoV steel system and modified body thereof as LD (7Cr7Mo2V2Si), DC53 etc. or high-speed steel, reserved compacting amount in engagement process, the pressure by hydraulic press completes cooperation.Seaming chuck and seaming chuck fixed cover play location in pressing process, and play a part applied thrust, and blank is contacted with tooth mould, push-down head, and this assembling mode and structure have increased lifting surface area greatly, make mould durable in use; Push-down head and push-down head fixed cover are most crucial in the spur gear wheel cold extrusion die, be also the high part of requirement, hardness and the toughness reguirements of push-down head are high, owing to having born most power, therefore, in design process, the profile of push-down head, tapering have strict requirement.To guarantee its axiality and perpendicularity especially in installation process, push-down head and push-down head fixed cover play a part to press hole in pressing process, the thrust applied by seaming chuck, push-down head is to the blank reaction force, the endoporus that causes blank generation plastic deformation and make, the design of this profile and tapering is conducive to bear larger power more, and increased the service life of mould, the tooth mould is most important parts in the spur gear wheel cold extrusion die, it is equally also the highest part of requirement, the tooth mould is mainly by tooth mould overcoat, in the tooth mould, overlap, the hard-metal insert mould forms, play a part capable tooth in pressing process, general 45 steel that adopt of tooth mould overcoat, in the tooth mould, cover adopts 60Si2Mn, owing to adopting once-forming, therefore it is quite high that the precision of hard-metal insert mould and wearability require, the hard-metal insert mould partly adds must adopt slow wire feeding man-hour, guarantee its machining accuracy, adopt the design and installation of this structure to be convenient to cost-saving, control material, the teeth directional of formed tooth, profile of tooth all can reach national standard code, without reprocessing, lower cavity die and fairlead belong to interference fit, need reserved pressing height in process, fairlead requires to have higher hardness, the general Cr12MoV that adopts, lower cavity die and fairlead play a part positioning and guiding, adopt the mould of this structure not only to improve in extrusion process and can bear larger power, and not there will be in pressing process for a long time and be out of shape or stress is excessive ftractures because of the blank plastic deformation, control cost simultaneously, saved material, crescent hole is generally a plurality of holes that are distributed on same circumference, and correspondingly, push rod also forms (be equivalent to an end of cylindrical wall is cut off to polylith vertically, the other end is connected again) by same quantity crescent moon sheet.
Compared to the prior art, the invention has the beneficial effects as follows: improved stock utilization, reduced technological process, saved process time.Improved greatly the mechanical performance of part integral body simultaneously.
Four, accompanying drawing explanation
The annealing heat treatment flow process table that Fig. 1 is the embodiment of the present invention.
Tooth particular manufacturing craft overall structure figure is pressed in the pressure hole that Fig. 2 is the embodiment of the present invention.
Fig. 3 presses the half-finished cutaway view after tooth is pressed in hole with particular manufacturing craft.
Fig. 4 is the half-finished cutaway view after punching.
The carburizing heat treatment flow process table that Fig. 5 is the embodiment of the present invention.
The cutaway view that Fig. 6 is the spur gear wheel finished product after fine grinding.
In figure: 1, upper heelpiece; 2, annular die cavity; 3, upper pad; 4, screw; 5, middle pad retainer ring; 6, seaming chuck fixed cover; 7, seaming chuck; 8, seaming chuck retaining ring; 9, lower cavity die; 10, fairlead; 11, push-down head; 12, lower gasket; 13, lower mode cavity; 14, tooth mould; 15, push-down head fixed cover; 16, die circle; 17, cushion block on die; 18, die lower cushion block; 19, push rod; 20, push rod cushion block; 21, die shoe; 22, upper bolster; 23, lower mode cavity retainer ring; 24, guide pin bushing; 25, lead.
Five, the specific embodiment
Below in conjunction with accompanying drawing, the present invention is described in detail, but protection scope of the present invention is not limited to following embodiment:
A kind of 20CrMnTi spur gear wheel cold-extrusion shaping method comprises successively:
Blanking, annealing, Shot Blasting, softening processing, extruding, punching, rough turn, finish turning, Carburization Treatment, secondary ball blast, fine grinding is characterized in that:
Blanking: the 20CrMnTi round steel is sawn into to blank;
Annealing: blank is inserted to industrial furnace and carry out annealing in process, it is cooling with stove after individual hour that in stove, temperature is heated to 860 ℃ of insulation 5-7, sees Fig. 1;
Shot Blasting: adopt shot-blast cleaning machine to carry out Shot Blasting the blank after annealing, in the situation that guarantee that workpiece is not wounded scale removal;
The softening processing: the blank after Shot Blasting is carried out to oil removing, softening neutralization adjustment, cleans;
Extruding: comprise the synchronous pressure hole and press tooth, be about to particular manufacturing craft (seeing Fig. 2) and insert cold extrusion hydraulic press;
Described particular manufacturing craft comprises the mould bases consisted of die shoe 21, upper bolster 22, lead 25, wherein:
Be bolted lower mode cavity 13 above die shoe 21, cushion block is housed in lower mode cavity 13 from bottom to top successively, die circle 16, be loaded on the push-down head fixed cover 15 in die circle 16, the push-down head 11 of interference fit in push-down head fixed cover 15, centre has the tooth mould 14 of die cavity, lower cavity die 9, in lower cavity die 9, interference fit has fairlead 10, and lower gasket 12 is housed above lower cavity die 9, and lower gasket 12 is bolted on lower mode cavity 13;
Seaming chuck 7 is positioned on same axis with push-down head 11;
Push-down head 11 tops are arranged in the die cavity of tooth mould 14;
Die shoe 21 bottoms have axis hole, on cushion block, push-down head fixed cover 15, have crescent hole, the axis hole of a crescent push rod 19 through die shoe 21 bottoms arranged, then stretch in the die cavity of tooth mould 14 through after crescent hole;
Under the condition that guarantees particular manufacturing craft axiality and perpendicularity, blank after softening the processing is put in the fairlead 10 of particular manufacturing craft, in the situation that upper bolster 22 keeps fixing, rising cold extrusion hydraulic press hydraulic jack, hydraulic jack drives die shoe 21 and slowly moves up, seaming chuck 7 contacts with blank slowly, and apply larger power, blank is pushed in tooth mould 14, after this seaming chuck 7 continues to apply larger power to blank, make blank generation plastic deformation, thereby the mode with once-forming completes the action of pressing hole and pressing tooth, then return die shoe 21, by push rod, formed tooth is ejected to mould bases, just complete once extruding action, obtain the spur gear wheel semi-finished product with blind hole, see Fig. 3,
Punching: will be washed into through hole with the half-finished blind hole of the spur gear wheel of blind hole with the drift of power press with fixed bed, and see Fig. 4;
Rough turn: that the spur gear wheel semi-finished product after punching are carried out to rough turn processing;
Finish turning: the spur gear wheel semi-finished product after rough turn are carried out to the finish turning processing;
Carburization Treatment: use carburizer to carry out Carburization Treatment the spur gear wheel semi-finished product after finish turning, see Fig. 5;
The secondary ball blast: the spur gear wheel semi-finished product after adopting shot-blast cleaning machine to Carburization Treatment carry out Shot Blasting;
Fine grinding: the half-finished endoporus of spur gear wheel after using internal grinder to the secondary ball blast is refined, and the half-finished end face of spur gear wheel after adopting surface grinding machine to the secondary ball blast is refined, and obtains the spur gear wheel finished product, sees Fig. 6.
More specifically method can be:
Blanking: adopt horizontal band sawing machine series numerical control metal sawing machine to carry out blanking processing, note the service condition of grip conditions and saw blade in process, guarantee that the process piece-holder is firm, saw blade uses normal.If in process, saw blade occurs extremely should checking in time saw blade or replacing, tool setting processing again, confirm that through self check and special inspection qualified rear can process.Also must guarantee during measurement that workpiece and amount, cubing are clean, workpiece tested surface foreign, burr.
Annealing heat treatment: employing be that industrial furnace carries out annealing in process, after temperature is heated to 860 ℃ in stove, insulation 5 is cooling with stove by 7 hours.
Shot Blasting: adopt apron type airless shot blasting machine to carry out Shot Blasting, require complete scale removal, note the length of ball blast time, guarantee that workpiece is not wounded.
Soften and process (macromolecule or phospholeum): oil removing---softening neutralization adjustment---cleaning, before softening workpiece, check each solution concentration, temperature, guarantee that softening workpiece is normal, in softening processing procedure, how the observation workpiece have or not reaches specification requirement.
Disposable pressure hole presses tooth to be shaped: particular manufacturing craft of the present invention is placed on to cold extrusion hydraulic press and carries out press process, the specification requirement that assurance is suppressed out, the tooth mould is most important position in disposable compacting tool set, by the row toothed portion, in cover, overcoat form, play a part capable tooth in pressing process, one-time formed owing to adopting, therefore it is quite high that its precision and wearability require, therefore the processing of row toothed portion must adopt slow wire feeding, guarantees machining accuracy≤0.015mm, material is preferentially selected carbide alloy.Complete the action of pressing hole and pressing tooth in one-time formed mode,, just can suppress successfully the molding gear liftout attachment by push rod.Confirm that through self check and special inspection qualified rear can process, also will guarantee during measurement that workpiece and measurer are clean, workpiece tested surface foreign, burr.
Punching: employing be open type press with fixed bench, note the adjustment of punching tool in punch process, and the centering of drift and workpiece, if mould occurs extremely should checking in time or mold exchange more in process, readjust processing, through self check and specially inspection confirm after qualified to process.
Rough turn: rough turnly can be divided into rough turn end face, get out of a predicament or an embarrassing situation etc., before processing work, check the service condition of the tight situation of work piece positioning and cutter, guarantee that in process, piece-holder is firm, cutter uses normal.If in process, abnormal response appears in cutter, change in time cutter or again polish blade, must guarantee during measurement that workpiece and measurer are clean, measured foreign burr of workpiece.
Finish turning: mainly contain down interior angle, finish turning endoporus etc.
Deburr and chamfering is used is gear grinding corner angle bevelers.Before processing work, check the tight situation of work piece positioning and cutter service condition, guarantee that the process piece-holder is firm, cutter uses normal, extremely should change in time grinding wheel, again processing if occur in process, can process after the self check confirmation is qualified, must guarantee in process that grinding wheel must not injure the flank of tooth.
Carburizing heat treatment process: use carburizer to carry out Carburization Treatment, enter stokehold and set parameter, whether stablely advance after stove to observe parameter.
The secondary ball blast: adopt apron type airless shot blasting machine to carry out Shot Blasting, require the workpiece non-scale, the color and luster uniformity, note ball blast time length, guarantees that workpiece is not wounded.
The fine grinding endoporus: use be internal grinder and numerically controlled lathe.Before processing work, check the tight situation of work piece positioning and emery wheel service condition, guarantee that in process, piece-holder is firm, emery wheel uses normal.
The fine grinding end face: employing be surface grinding machine with horizontal spindle and rectangular table.If in process, emery wheel occurs extremely should changing in time emery wheel, through self check and after specially examining confirmation, can process.
Product inspection: whether the main test product is in the given size scope.
The finished product packing warehouse-in.
Claims (1)
1. a 20CrMnTi spur gear wheel cold-extrusion shaping method comprises successively:
Blanking, annealing, Shot Blasting, softening processing, extruding, punching, rough turn, finish turning, Carburization Treatment, secondary ball blast, fine grinding is characterized in that:
Blanking: the 20CrMnTi round steel is sawn into to blank;
Annealing: blank is inserted to industrial furnace and carry out annealing in process, it is cooling with stove after individual hour that in stove, temperature is heated to 800-900 ℃ of insulation 5-7;
Shot Blasting: adopt shot-blast cleaning machine to carry out Shot Blasting the blank after annealing, in the situation that guarantee that workpiece is not wounded scale removal;
The softening processing: the blank after Shot Blasting is carried out to oil removing, softening neutralization adjustment, cleans;
Extruding: comprise the synchronous pressure hole and press tooth, be about to particular manufacturing craft and insert cold extrusion hydraulic press;
Described particular manufacturing craft comprises the mould bases consisted of die shoe (21), upper bolster (22), lead (25), wherein:
It is upper that upper bolster (22) is fixed in lead (25), has the hole of matching with lead (25) on die shoe (21), and lead (25) through this Kong Houyu die shoe (21) movingly;
Upper bolster (22) is fixed with annular die cavity (2) below by bolt, heelpiece is housed in annular die cavity (2) from top to bottom successively, seaming chuck fixed cover (6), in seaming chuck fixed cover (6), interference fit has seaming chuck (7), seaming chuck retaining ring (8) is housed below seaming chuck fixed cover (6), and seaming chuck retaining ring (8) is fixed on annular die cavity (2) by screw (4);
Be bolted lower mode cavity (13) above die shoe (21), cushion block is housed in lower mode cavity (13) from bottom to top successively, die circle (16), be loaded on the push-down head fixed cover (15) in die circle (16), the push-down head (11) of interference fit in push-down head fixed cover (15), centre has the tooth mould (14) of die cavity, lower cavity die (9), in lower cavity die (9), interference fit has fairlead (10), lower gasket (12) is housed above lower cavity die (9), and lower gasket (12) is bolted on lower mode cavity (13);
Seaming chuck (7) is positioned on same axis with push-down head (11);
Push-down head (11) top is arranged in the die cavity of tooth mould (14);
Die shoe (21) bottom has axis hole, cushion block, push-down head fixed cover have crescent hole on (15), the axis hole of one crescent push rod (19) through die shoe (21) bottom arranged, then stretch in the die cavity of tooth mould (14) through after crescent hole;
Under the condition that guarantees particular manufacturing craft axiality and perpendicularity, blank after softening the processing is put in the fairlead (10) of particular manufacturing craft, in the situation that upper bolster (22) keeps fixing, rising cold extrusion hydraulic press hydraulic jack, hydraulic jack drives die shoe (21) and slowly moves up, seaming chuck (7) contacts with blank slowly, and apply larger power, blank is pushed in tooth mould (14), after this seaming chuck (7) continues to apply larger power to blank, make blank generation plastic deformation, thereby the mode with once-forming completes the action of pressing hole and pressing tooth, then return die shoe (21), by push rod, formed tooth is ejected to mould bases, just complete once extruding action, obtain the spur gear wheel semi-finished product with blind hole,
Punching: with the drift of power press with fixed bed, will be washed into through hole with the half-finished blind hole of the spur gear wheel of blind hole;
Rough turn: that the spur gear wheel semi-finished product after punching are carried out to rough turn processing;
Finish turning: the spur gear wheel semi-finished product after rough turn are carried out to the finish turning processing;
Carburization Treatment: use carburizer to carry out Carburization Treatment the spur gear wheel semi-finished product after finish turning;
The secondary ball blast: the spur gear wheel semi-finished product after adopting shot-blast cleaning machine to Carburization Treatment carry out Shot Blasting;
Fine grinding: the half-finished endoporus of spur gear wheel after using internal grinder to the secondary ball blast is refined, and the half-finished end face of spur gear wheel after adopting surface grinding machine to the secondary ball blast is refined, and obtains the spur gear wheel finished product.
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| CN 201210059180 CN102601595B (en) | 2012-03-07 | 2012-03-07 | Cold extrusion forming method for 20CrMnTi cylinder spur gear |
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| CN 201210059180 CN102601595B (en) | 2012-03-07 | 2012-03-07 | Cold extrusion forming method for 20CrMnTi cylinder spur gear |
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Denomination of invention: Cold extrusion forming method for 20CrMnTi cylinder spur gear Effective date of registration: 20140721 Granted publication date: 20131225 Pledgee: Mianyang City Commercial Bank Limited by Share Ltd Sales Department Pledgor: Sichuan Mianyang Zhongye Gear Co., Ltd. Registration number: 2014990000592 |
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