CN1083026C - Cotton/polyester fiber blends and batts - Google Patents
Cotton/polyester fiber blends and batts Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- CN1083026C CN1083026C CN90104558A CN90104558A CN1083026C CN 1083026 C CN1083026 C CN 1083026C CN 90104558 A CN90104558 A CN 90104558A CN 90104558 A CN90104558 A CN 90104558A CN 1083026 C CN1083026 C CN 1083026C
- Authority
- CN
- China
- Prior art keywords
- fiber
- cotton
- mixture
- layered article
- binder
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Expired - Fee Related
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Classifications
-
- D—TEXTILES; PAPER
- D04—BRAIDING; LACE-MAKING; KNITTING; TRIMMINGS; NON-WOVEN FABRICS
- D04H—MAKING TEXTILE FABRICS, e.g. FROM FIBRES OR FILAMENTARY MATERIAL; FABRICS MADE BY SUCH PROCESSES OR APPARATUS, e.g. FELTS, NON-WOVEN FABRICS; COTTON-WOOL; WADDING ; NON-WOVEN FABRICS FROM STAPLE FIBRES, FILAMENTS OR YARNS, BONDED WITH AT LEAST ONE WEB-LIKE MATERIAL DURING THEIR CONSOLIDATION
- D04H1/00—Non-woven fabrics formed wholly or mainly of staple fibres or like relatively short fibres
- D04H1/04—Non-woven fabrics formed wholly or mainly of staple fibres or like relatively short fibres from fleeces or layers composed of fibres having existing or potential cohesive properties, e.g. natural fibres, prestretched or fibrillated artificial fibres
- D04H1/08—Non-woven fabrics formed wholly or mainly of staple fibres or like relatively short fibres from fleeces or layers composed of fibres having existing or potential cohesive properties, e.g. natural fibres, prestretched or fibrillated artificial fibres and hardened by felting; Felts or felted products
- D04H1/10—Felts made from mixtures of fibres
-
- D—TEXTILES; PAPER
- D04—BRAIDING; LACE-MAKING; KNITTING; TRIMMINGS; NON-WOVEN FABRICS
- D04H—MAKING TEXTILE FABRICS, e.g. FROM FIBRES OR FILAMENTARY MATERIAL; FABRICS MADE BY SUCH PROCESSES OR APPARATUS, e.g. FELTS, NON-WOVEN FABRICS; COTTON-WOOL; WADDING ; NON-WOVEN FABRICS FROM STAPLE FIBRES, FILAMENTS OR YARNS, BONDED WITH AT LEAST ONE WEB-LIKE MATERIAL DURING THEIR CONSOLIDATION
- D04H1/00—Non-woven fabrics formed wholly or mainly of staple fibres or like relatively short fibres
- D04H1/40—Non-woven fabrics formed wholly or mainly of staple fibres or like relatively short fibres from fleeces or layers composed of fibres without existing or potential cohesive properties
- D04H1/54—Non-woven fabrics formed wholly or mainly of staple fibres or like relatively short fibres from fleeces or layers composed of fibres without existing or potential cohesive properties by welding together the fibres, e.g. by partially melting or dissolving
Landscapes
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Textile Engineering (AREA)
- Nonwoven Fabrics (AREA)
- Yarns And Mechanical Finishing Of Yarns Or Ropes (AREA)
Abstract
A blend, a batt, and a process for making the batt from the blend is disclosed. The blend and batt are made from a uniform combination of cotton and copolyester binder fibers wherein the binder fibers have a melting temperature of 230 DEG to 340 DEG F.
Description
The present invention relates to cotton and the mixture of polyethylene terephthalate copolymer binder fiber and the application for preparing layered article with this mixture.Layered article prepares with thermal bonding technology; They can bear the impulsive force of cyclic washing enduringly.Mixture is high bulk and low-density.
The USP4 that on August 11st, 87 announced, 685,914 (personal belongings) point out the mixture hot melt adhesive of adsorbing fiber and binding property fiber is made the adsorptivity liner.Adsorbent fibers can be charcoal, viscose glue, cellulose acetate, flax, hemp, jute, water chestnut fiber crops, cotton and analog thereof.Binder fiber is a polyester.A kind of liner adopts the mixture of polyester staple fibers peacekeeping polyester binding fiber and the mixture of tacryl and polyester binding fiber, and the binder fiber of 20-25% is arranged approximately, and bonding under about 157 ℃.
227,914 in European patent communique is pointed out the thermoplastic fibre of appearance fusing is dispersed in floatingly in the cotton fiber becomes bonding cotton felt.121 ℃ of hot melt adhesive temperature.
Japanese patent gazette J60029182A (Toray) and J60040239A (Kanegafuchi), (can digest form obtain) have pointed out to make a kind of fibre blend; Adopt heater hot melt adhesive mixture.Fiber can be selected from following relative materials with high melting point, comprises polyester, poly-propyl ester, polyacrylic acid, cotton, wool, hemp, viscose glue and analog thereof; Binder fiber comprises copolyesters, polyolefin and analog thereof.
The USP4 that on September 6th, 88 announced, 769,022 (3M) point out the preparation method of stratiform thing, promptly 50/50 (wt.) cotton/polyester mixture are heated 20 seconds down at 141 ℃.
People such as W.K.Kwok point out then that at industrial be entitled as " polyester staple fiber that is used for the hot melt adhesive bondedfibre fabric " delivered of the nonwoven fabric in June, 88 specific polyester binding fibre can be used to make the fibre blend of hot melt adhesive.Cotton is not considered to be used for the optimum fiber of mixture.
The purpose of this invention is to provide the fibre blend that a kind of thermofusible closes, it comprises the homogeneous mixture that terephthalic acids/isophthalic acid ethylene glycol copolyesters is formed by the cotton of 75-85 (wt) % and 15-25 (wt) %, copolyesters is formed the fusing point 110-171 of copolyesters ℃ by ester of phthalic acid and 20-40 (mole) the % isophthalate of 60-80 (mole) %.
Another object of the present invention comprises the method for said mixture being carried out hot melt adhesive, that is, mixture in no pressure and 110-199 ℃ heating 20-100 second down.Another object of the present invention also comprises a kind of layered article, and it is made by said method, and its density is 0.014-0.038 gram/(cm)
3, it can stand the impulsive force of cyclic washing.
The present invention is about adopting cotton fiber in the mixture of other fiber that comprises the copolyester binder fiber.Although in fact mixture contain can not hot melt cotton fiber, but because it also comprises the binding property fiber of hot melt, therefore can be heated and fusion makes and produces bounding point between the adjacent fiber.The invention describes the method that adopts cotton short fiber to make the improved layered article of high-quality, low-density and excellent durability.
Cotton short fiber can obtain from any commodity channel, can be that what to clean also can be to clean, and can be that what to bleach also can be fibril.To purpose of the present invention, cotton fiber also refers to wood pulp and regenerated cellulose, as viscose glue.
Be used to implement preferred copolyesters of the present invention and be the copolyesters that ethylene glycol and terephthalic acids and isophthalic acid composition make by the certain mol proportion polycondensation.The mol ratio of the terephthalate/isophthalate of this copolyesters is 70/30, about 142 ℃ of its fusing point, about 90 ℃ of stick point.The fiber that is made by this copolyesters must be lower than the temperature of cotton fiber variable color as thermal bonding fiber and its fusing point, also must can be melt bonded with cotton short fiber.
Be used for fiber of the present invention and use with form of mixtures, must select in the mixture fiber so that mixture can suitably interact when being transformed into durability stratiform thing.One of synergistic key factor is the relative size of cotton fiber and binder fiber.The DENIER of cotton fiber should be 1.0-1.8, and is preferred about 1.6, has found that length is suitable for the 20-38 millimeter.The DENIER of binder fiber is similar to cotton short fiber, if but they must have a few difference, then their DENIER number should be cotton short fiber 0.75-2.7 doubly.The length range of binding property fiber is the 13-76 millimeter; But in the mixture of appointment, preferably the length of binding property fiber be cotton short fiber length 0.75-2 doubly.
Cotton fiber and copolyester fiber can mix with any commercialization mixing device.Certainly, mixed with fibers also can be finished by any other effective ways, and the mixture that only requires to be provided is the homogeneous mixture of different fibers.
Should be noted that mixture of the present invention singly is not restricted to cotton fiber and copolyester fiber.If for the consideration and the needs of any reason, other fiber also can join in the mixture, this other fiber can be finished effective efficiency or only exist as packing material.This other fiber can be hollow, or solid, and organic or inorganic is natural or synthetic.Other interpolation material that is not fiber also can be added in the mixture, as filler, colouring matter, spices, antiseptic, swelling agent, fire-proofing chemical, antistatic additive etc.Having under the situation of adding material, have been found that their common consumptions are the 0.1-20% of mixture total weight amount.When interpolation can be finished the auxiliary fiber of effective efficiency in mixture, fiber number should be selected by desired purpose.
Mixture of the present invention comprises based on total weight of fiber in the mixture being the copolyester binder fiber of 15-25%.Determined to be formed on the bonding of enough durability arranged under any condition, and the adhesive layered goods of using the mixture made greater than 25% copolyester binder fiber to produce show relatively poor washability with being less than mixture that 15% copolyester binder fiber makes.The mixture that contains 15-25% copolyester binder fiber can be produced the layered article of very good durability.As prior art was disclosed, adhesive material only needed as the surperficial composition existence of binding property fiber just passable, for example the cortex composition of core-skin bicomponent fibers.The remainder of fiber or sandwich layer can be higher melt, thereby constitute portal structure at remaining fiber than the low melting material hot melt and after finishing its adhesive function.This class dual-component binder fibre is for example, and USP3 is open in 589,956 and USP4,068,036.Should be appreciated that,, can adjust accordingly so that one-component binder fiber those ratio optimizations accordingly when mixing certain ratio with cotton fiber for the optimum of using bicomponent fibers.
Mixture can be made layered article of the present invention with form of single sheet or multilayer form.Usually, on mobile conveying flat, count the synusia shape or netted mixture forms layered article by the thickness interfolded of required stratiform thing, USP3 for example, 290,704 disclosed like that.Through after the above-mentioned operation, heat layered article being equal to or greater than under the tack temperature of binder fiber, like this, binder fiber is softening and they self and be bonded together with cotton fiber in the layered article.Heating can be penetrated devices such as heater by open form baking oven, air rotary drum baking oven, infrared heater, the width of cloth and be provided.Heating should not surpass the temperature that cotton fiber begins variable color, and is promptly about 199 ℃, preferably low.Heating-up temperature should be hanged down as far as possible; Based on such reason, importantly use low-melting copolyesters.In practical operation, 182-193 ℃ tack temperature is high.Softening and bonding heat time heating time should be sufficient for binder fiber--be generally 20-100 second, perhaps possible words are suitably long.Owing to attempt to make the layered article of making that alap density is arranged, layered article do not exerted pressure when heating usually.But, do not consider layered article density for satisfying special purpose, layered article also may make applying under the certain pressure heating.
Layered article of the present invention can be used for fiberfill, insulation, liner, elastic cushion etc.Usually layered article being made density is 0.018-0.038g/cm
3As pointing out, total work to break is adjusted to big numerical value, these layered articles show good washability and high intensity.Washability is measuring by the washability of automatic washing and dry run layered article of the present invention.Have been found that owing to the bonding layered article that contains binder fiber very little of making inadequately between the fiber is discrete when the washing, the layered article that contains too many binder fiber is creased and rupture owing to too sticking and too crisp.The performance of its performance of layered article of the present invention washing back be better than under similarity condition, using same material but the copolyester binder fiber more than 25% or be less than 15% layered article of making.Be used to measure following the listing of test method of these quality index: test method
The DENIER of DENIER--long filament can be calculated from its fundamental resonance frequency, vibrates the long long filament of 2-4cm by change frequency under the tension force condition and determines its DENIER.(ASTM?D1577-66，part25，1968)。
Density--layered article density is to determine by the layered article of known volume is weighed.
Tack temperature--measure the tack temperature of fiber with reference to the method for [Page 228 (1956) for Beaman and Cramer, J.Polymer Science21] description.Electrical heating one brass ingot slowly raises the brass ingot temperature.Under suitable tension force, hang on fiber sample between the glass bar and place above the brass ingot near the brass ingot surface.Part between rod is used with 200 gram brass of warmed-up brass ingot Continuous Contact fiber is pressed to 5 seconds of brass ingot.The temperature of fiber and brass ingot surface brass ingot during bonding at least 2 seconds is exactly a tack temperature after removing weight.
Work to break--measure the intensity of layered article of the present invention by measuring total work to break of proofreading and correct.Press total work to break that ASTM D885-85 determines correction, ASTMD885-85 is as described below:
Layered article sample to be tested is cut into 2.5 centimetres wide 18 centimeter length.Cut 10 samples by the machine length direction, lateral length is cut 10 samples.Sample balance 2 hours under about 24 ℃ and 55% relative humidity.
It is on 13 centimetres of chucks that every sample is fixed on that strength tester spaces; Sample is stretched, and the stress-strain diagram of drawing with testing machine writes down its result.
The computing formula of work to break is as follows:
Work to break, centimetre-kilogram f=A * F * E
Wherein
Area under the A=load stress strain curve, centimetre
2
The loading range factor of F=curve map, centimetre
The elongation range factor of every centimetre of curve map sample elongation of E=, centimetre,
Work to break is the mean value of 10 samples.Measure machine direction and horizontal work to break.Total work to break is machine direction work to break and transverse breakage merit sum.
Total work to break calculates total work to break of correction divided by the basis weight (gram) of every square metre of layered article.For the present invention, total work to break of the correction that acceptable layered article should show is greater than 80 centimetres-kilogram/gram/rice
2
Outward appearance after the washing--the most important quality index of layered article of the present invention is the durability of layered article to the washing impulsive force.Experiment to this durability is undertaken by AATCC test method 135-1987 (AATCC stand for American Association of TextileChemists and Colorists).In carrying out this test,, use the test layered article of 20 centimetres of 3 20 cm x for every layered article to be tested.Press the AATCC method, washing is to carry out in autowash and drying machine, wherein standard sample or cotton fine sample is washed, and cotton sample carries out drying in pressurization under 1.8 kilograms.In order to finish this test, need wash dry 5 times altogether 5 times.
By outward appearance sample is decided to be the 1-4 level, 1 grade the poorest--has the mutual conglomeration of fiber and presents irregular--4 grades best--that the excellent appearance that is similar to the rule of not washing original sample is arranged.For the present invention, outward appearance is that 2.5 grades layered article is considered to acceptable.
Embodiment 1
Mixture--in this example, fibre blend makes by the present invention in preparation.
Used cotton short fiber is to clean and bleaching, and its DENIER is about 1.6, about 28 millimeters of average length (20-38 millimeter).
It is 70/30 terephthalate and isophthalic acid ester group that used copolyester binder fiber has ethene and mol ratio, 90 ℃ of tack temperature, 142 ℃ of fusing points.The DENIER of binder fiber is about 3, about 38 millimeters of average length.
Mix cotton fiber and copolyester fiber, mixing is to carry out in the open form blender of commercial sale, so that mix, and in each of several operations, the content of binder fiber is changed.
Several operations are listed in the table behind the embodiment.
Embodiment 2
Layered article--in this example, the mixture of embodiment 1 is generated layered article of the present invention by hot melt adhesive in preparation.
The combing on the roller of anterior 1 meter of combing machine for fur of the mixture of embodiment 1 generates continuous net-shaped thing, and WEB overlaps into continuous layered article, and its basis weight is a 100-275 gram/rice
2
Layered article is placed on the conveyer and with different speed and temperature by 2 meters long air-ovens.The temperature of hot melt adhesive and speed be 110-216 ℃ and 1.3-5 rice/minute.
The total work to break of correction of test layered article and the outward appearance of layered article.Result of the test is listed in the following Table I.
The bonding basic weight of table 1 test is proofreaied and correct total work to break outward appearance
Temperature speed gram/rice
2Laterally+machine direction=summation
℃ / 10％ 1 149 1.29 153 24.6 27.9 52.5 2 154 1.29 143 40.0 34.4 74.4 3 160 1.29 143 41.8 36.0 77.8 2.3 4 166 1.29 140 47.7 45.6 93.3 5 171 1.29 140 53.9 45.8 99.7 6 177 1.29 147 41.6 42.6 84.2 2.2 7 182 1.29 133 48.3 56.2 104.5 8 188 1.29 136 57.4 69.3 126.7 9 188 2.26 140 46.1 42.1 88.2 10 188 5.00 181 19.9 20.3 40.2 11 193 1.29 157 59.4 61.1 120.5 2.3 12 199 1.29 140 78.2 54.6 132.8 13 .204 1.29 136 57.8 64.5 122.3 14 .210 1.29 164 58.8 71.3 130.6 2.3 15 .216 1.29 157 68.1 72.9 141.016 .216 2.26 150 62.5 61.7 124.2 2.217 .216 3.10 136 68.6 76.6 145.2 2.518 .216 5.00 157 31.8 31.8 63.6 2.7 20％19 133 1.29 133 49.1 57.2 106.320 143 1.29 171 42.7 37.9 80.6 2.821 149 1.29 164 56.5 45.6 102.122 154 1.29 150 63.4 59.3 122.723 160 1.29 177 50.4 50.3 100.7 3.524 166 1.29 171 68.7 56.3 125.025 171 1.29 160 68.3 74.4 142.726 177 1.29 153 74.5 90.7 165.2 2.227 182 1.29 137 92.6 89.2 181.828 188 1.29 160 86.8 97.2 184.029 193 1.29 153 94.8 93.8 188.6 3.530 199 1.29 143 110.4 97.0 207.431 .204 1.13 147 92.6 84.4 177.032 .210 1.29 140 129.1 115.5 244.6 3.533 .216 1.29 153 120.5 125.6 246.134 216 2.26 167 93.3 97.8 191.1 3.035 216 3.10 177 80.0 77.3 157.3 2.336 .216 5.00 150 70.4 59.6 130.0 3.2 30％37 110 1.29 259 35.1 30.4 65.5 1.338 114 1 29 174 39.0 37.2 76.239 116 1.29 157 40.8 42.7 83.540 116 1.29 249 45.1 39.9 85.041 121 1.29 147 41.1 39.5 80.642 127 1.29 143 30.3 50.3 80.6 3.243 132 1.29 147 48.0 50.9 98.944 138 1.29 130 64.8 63.3 128.145 143 1.29 133 52.5 59.7 112.2 2.046 149 1.29 188 55.4 58.3 113.747 154 1.29 181 64.4 57.5 121.948 160 1.29 188 54.0 33.4 87.4 2.349 166 1.29 191 58.3 34.9 93.250 171 1.29 188 67.1 45.4 112.551 177 1.29 181 79.9 63.0 142.9 2.352 182 1.29 174 77.2 61.5 138.753 188 1.29 184 104.3 82.3 186.354 193 1.29 177 90.3 94.8 185.1 355 199 1.29 180 126.5 110.6 237.158 .204 1.29 167 114.5 113.6 228.157 .210 1.29 167 260.5 197.2 457.758 218 1.29 177 113.3 116.4 229.7 2.859 .216 2.26 218 90.4 65.2 155 6 3.260 .216 5.00 177 63.6 58.1 121.7 2.8
* expression: temperature Cambodia's fading of fiber too during processing.
Claims (3)
1. the fibre blend that closes of thermofusible, comprise the fibrous homogeneous mixture of copolyester binder that cotton fiber and 15-25 weight % fusing point by 75-85 weight % are 110-171 ℃, cotton fiber DENIER 1-1.8 wherein, length 20-38 millimeter, the DENIER of binder fiber is 0.75-2.7 a times of cotton fiber, length is 0.75-2.0 times of cotton fiber, and binder fiber is a terephthalic acid/isophthalic acid ethylene glycol copolyesters, and the mol ratio of the two is 80/20-60/40.
2. according to the mixture of claim 1, wherein the mol ratio of terephthalate and isophthalic acid ester is 70/30 in the copolyesters.
3. the fibre blend that closes of claim 1 or 2 the thermofusible application that is used to prepare the durability layered article.
Applications Claiming Priority (2)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| US36141889A | 1989-06-05 | 1989-06-05 | |
| US361,418 | 1989-06-05 |
Publications (2)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| CN1048420A CN1048420A (en) | 1991-01-09 |
| CN1083026C true CN1083026C (en) | 2002-04-17 |
Family
ID=23421968
Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN90104558A Expired - Fee Related CN1083026C (en) | 1989-06-05 | 1990-06-05 | Cotton/polyester fiber blends and batts |
Country Status (8)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| EP (1) | EP0401738A3 (en) |
| JP (1) | JPH0369649A (en) |
| KR (1) | KR910001129A (en) |
| CN (1) | CN1083026C (en) |
| AR (1) | AR243246A1 (en) |
| AU (1) | AU639866B2 (en) |
| BR (1) | BR9002640A (en) |
| CA (1) | CA2017836A1 (en) |
Families Citing this family (5)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CA2048938A1 (en) * | 1991-07-10 | 1993-01-11 | Paul M. Muncrief | Method for making insulation by sequentially utilizing apparatus for opening fibers |
| JP2842100B2 (en) * | 1992-11-04 | 1998-12-24 | トヨタ自動車株式会社 | Manufacturing method of cushioning material |
| CN1081249C (en) * | 1997-10-05 | 2002-03-20 | 泰安市第一山毛纺织有限公司 | Treating method for ironed fabrics |
| JP7220020B2 (en) | 2017-01-06 | 2023-02-09 | モリリン株式会社 | Mixed cotton batting |
| CN107326530A (en) * | 2017-06-15 | 2017-11-07 | 东华大学 | A kind of preparation method of increasing material manufacturing cotton fiber fabric |
Citations (1)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN86100722A (en) * | 1986-01-30 | 1987-10-07 | 张俊生 | Spray-melt bonded elastic wadding and production process thereof |
Family Cites Families (6)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| DE1903289A1 (en) * | 1969-01-23 | 1970-07-30 | Talpay Dr Bela M | Non woven fabrics consisting of polyamide - or polyester or their mixtures with cotton |
| EP0044126B1 (en) * | 1980-07-10 | 1984-07-04 | Imperial Chemical Industries Plc | Coverstock fabrics |
| US4685914A (en) * | 1983-09-23 | 1987-08-11 | Personal Products Company | Disposable urinary pad |
| DE3541830A1 (en) * | 1985-11-27 | 1987-06-04 | Hartmann Paul Ag | Cotton swabs and process for their manufacture |
| US4769022A (en) * | 1986-05-02 | 1988-09-06 | Minnesota Mining And Manufacturing Company | Cleansing pad |
| US4879168A (en) * | 1987-10-28 | 1989-11-07 | The Dow Chemical Company | Flame retarding and fire blocking fiber blends |
-
1990
- 1990-05-30 CA CA002017836A patent/CA2017836A1/en not_active Abandoned
- 1990-06-04 BR BR909002640A patent/BR9002640A/en unknown
- 1990-06-04 KR KR1019900008189A patent/KR910001129A/en not_active Application Discontinuation
- 1990-06-05 EP EP19900110599 patent/EP0401738A3/en not_active Ceased
- 1990-06-05 AU AU56271/90A patent/AU639866B2/en not_active Ceased
- 1990-06-05 JP JP2145556A patent/JPH0369649A/en active Pending
- 1990-06-05 AR AR90317025A patent/AR243246A1/en active
- 1990-06-05 CN CN90104558A patent/CN1083026C/en not_active Expired - Fee Related
Patent Citations (1)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN86100722A (en) * | 1986-01-30 | 1987-10-07 | 张俊生 | Spray-melt bonded elastic wadding and production process thereof |
Also Published As
| Publication number | Publication date |
|---|---|
| AU639866B2 (en) | 1993-08-05 |
| EP0401738A3 (en) | 1991-04-03 |
| JPH0369649A (en) | 1991-03-26 |
| CA2017836A1 (en) | 1990-12-05 |
| BR9002640A (en) | 1991-08-20 |
| AU5627190A (en) | 1990-12-06 |
| CN1048420A (en) | 1991-01-09 |
| EP0401738A2 (en) | 1990-12-12 |
| AR243246A1 (en) | 1993-07-30 |
| KR910001129A (en) | 1991-01-30 |
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