CN108299367B - 一种芹菜苷元氨基甲酸酯类化合物、其制备方法及应用 - Google Patents
一种芹菜苷元氨基甲酸酯类化合物、其制备方法及应用 Download PDFInfo
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- CN108299367B CN108299367B CN201810078275.5A CN201810078275A CN108299367B CN 108299367 B CN108299367 B CN 108299367B CN 201810078275 A CN201810078275 A CN 201810078275A CN 108299367 B CN108299367 B CN 108299367B
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- apigenin
- carbamate compound
- compound
- carbamate
- alkali metal
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Abstract
本发明公开了一种芹菜苷元氨基甲酸酯类化合物、其制备方法及应用,所述芹菜苷元氨基甲酸酯类化合物其化学结构式如下述式(I)所示;本发明的芹菜苷元氨基甲酸酯类化合物可用于制备治疗和/或预防神经退行性疾病的药物组合物
Description
技术领域
本发明涉及医药合成领域,具体涉及一种芹菜苷元氨基甲酸酯类化合物、其制备方法及应用。
背景技术
阿尔茨海默症(Alzheimer’s disease,AD)是老年人中发病率和致死率最高的疾病之一。阿尔茨海默症国际协会(Alzheimer’s disease International,ADI)发布的《2015全球阿尔茨海默症报告》指出,2015年全球已有超过4600万人患上痴呆症,据预测,到2050年,全球将有1.315亿人口受到痴呆的困扰,其中中国痴呆症患者的发病率已达到6.61%。随着人均生存年龄的延长,本病已发展为社会和医疗保健系统的主要负担,并且为社会、患者及家属带来了沉重的精神和经济压力。因而,研究开发新型老年痴呆治疗药物意义重大。从市场需求来看,阿尔茨海默症国际协会预测,到2050年老年痴呆症治疗药物的全球销售额将达6000亿美元;在我国,随着老年痴呆症发病率的迅速上升,这类药物的市场也快速膨胀。
AD是一种慢性的、以进行性记忆和认知功能损害为特征的多病因、多环节参与的复杂神经退行性疾病,其主要病理学特征为β-淀粉样肽(β-amyloid peptide,Aβ)大量沉积形成的老年斑(Senile plaque,SP)、tau蛋白过度磷酸化形成的神经纤维缠结(Neurofibrillary tangle,NFT),并伴随神经元的凋亡和神经突触的退化等。近年来,许多研究者致力于从分子和细胞水平来揭示AD的发病机理,提出了多种假说,如:胆碱能神经元损伤、淀粉样蛋白的沉积、tau蛋白过度磷酸化、炎症、自由基氧化、金属离子失调等,因此,针对这些发病机制来发展的新型治疗途径和手段,将有希望缓解和改善AD患者的病情。目前临床上有效治疗AD的药物主要有两类:(1)基于神经递质乙酰胆碱不足导致认知功能失调的胆碱能假说,采用乙酰胆碱酯酶抑制剂来提高病人脑内乙酰胆碱水平,如:Tacrine、Donepezil、Ravastigmine、Galantamine;(2)采用N-甲基-D-天冬氨酸(NMDA)受体抑制剂减少谷氨酸盐对神经细胞的损伤,如:Memantine Hydrochloride。但长期临床使用表明,这些药物可短期内缓解AD的症状,但不能从根本上有效阻止或逆转病程,而且还会导致经典的胆碱能毒性,如引起幻觉、意识混沌、头晕、恶心、肝脏毒性、食欲不振以及大便频繁等。因此,临床上迫切需要研发具有新型作用机制的AD治疗药物。
AD病因复杂,至今尚未完全阐明其发病机制,但研究表明,患者脑内乙酰胆碱水平降低、β-淀粉样蛋白的过度生成与沉积、金属离子代谢紊乱、Ca2+平衡失调、tau-蛋白过度磷酸化导致的神经纤维缠结、谷氨酸受体活性过高、氧化应激产生大量活性氧(ROS)和自由基以及神经炎症反应等多种因素在AD的发病过程中扮演重要角色。针对上述发病因素,研究人员采用传统的“一药一靶”药物设计策略,发现了大量对某一靶点具有高活性和高选择性的药物,如:胆碱酯酶抑制剂和NMDA受体拮抗剂等,这些药物存在作用靶点单一、临床使用毒副作用较多,对AD患者的长期疗效欠佳等问题。
近年来,随着对AD致病机理的不断阐明,发现AD的发生和发展具有多机制、多因素作用的特点,不同机制之间有相互关联相互影响,构成了AD发生和发展过程复杂的网络调控系统。基于上述结果,研究人员提出了“多靶点导向药物(Multitarget-directedLigands,MTDLs)”策略来研发抗神经退行性疾病药物。所谓“多靶点药物”是指单一化学实体同时作用于疾病网络中的多个靶点,对各靶点的作用可产生协同效应,使总效应大于各单效应之和,此类药也称为“Multifunctional”或“Multipotential”药物。多靶点药物与多药联合应用以及复方药物的主要区别在于:可减少服药量、提高治疗效果、避免药物之间的相互作用及由此带来的毒副作用,均一的药代动力学特性,便于使用等。因此,研究开发具有新型化学结构、新型作用机制,具有多靶点作用、低毒副作用的抗神经退行性疾病治疗药物不仅符合社会老龄化进程的迫切需求,而且具有良好的市场前景。在前期报道中,发现了灯盏乙素苷元氨基甲酸酯类衍生物(CN10337956A、CN102603698A)、二苯乙烯或乙烷氨基甲酸酯类化合物(CN102816090A)、异黄酮氨基甲酸酯类化合物(CN102827131A),阿魏酸氨基甲酸酯类化合物(CN105837497A、CA105601540A、CN105646289A)这些化合物虽具有较好的乙酰胆碱酯酶抑制活性和抗氧化活性,且对Aβ聚集有一点的抑制作用,同时对丁酰胆碱酯酶的抑制活性非常差,导致这些化合物在动物模型中对AD的治疗疗效欠佳。研究表明,随着AD的发展,AChE水平逐渐降低,而BuChE活性度增加到了正常水平的165%,在敲除AChE基因小鼠体内,选择性AChE抑制剂并没有影响ACh水平,而选择性BuChE抑制剂则使ACh水平增加了5倍,进一步动物实验表明,选择性BuChE抑制剂能够避免典型的胆碱能毒性,且正常情况下BuChE的缺失几乎没有健康方面的副作用。因此,设计并发现同时具有乙酰胆碱酯酶、丁酰胆碱酯酶、抗氧化应激、金属离子络合、抑制β-淀粉样蛋白的过度生成与沉积、且活性均衡的多靶点抗AD治疗药物是目前重要的一个研究方法。
血管性痴呆(Vascular Dementia,VD)是由缺血性脑血管病、出血性脑血管疾病、急性和慢性缺氧性脑血管疾病等各种类型的脑血管疾病所致的智能及认知功能障碍的临床综合征,其主要临床表现包括:认知能力、记忆力和社会生活能力的减退以及情感、性格的改变,是一种慢性进行性疾病。在中国、日本等亚洲国家血管性痴呆是老年期痴呆的第一位原因;随着世界人口向老龄化的不断推进,脑血管病日益增多,血管性痴呆发病率有逐渐上升的趋势,严重影响老年人的工作和生活质量,并给社会和家庭带来沉重的经济和精神负担。因此,VD已成为当今老年医学与精神医学领域中一个重要的研究热点。血管性痴呆由于发病机制复杂,尚无能够阻断疾病发展的药物,目前临床治疗以改善脑部血液循环和脑代谢,加强脑部营养为主。
近年来,国内外研究表明,在VD患者表现认知功能损伤的同时也经常伴有胆碱能系统的异常。VD患者海马区ChAT阳性神经元及纤维密度降低,脑内不同部位的ChAT活性下降,在VD患者脑脊液中的ACh浓度明显低于正常水平,并且其浓度降低的程度与痴呆的严重程度呈正相关;而脑缺血可以导致脑内乙酰胆碱酯酶活性上升;同时也发现乙酰胆碱酯酶抑制剂如:HuperzineA和Revastigmine可以保护缺血造成的神经元损伤,且可以促进脑缺血后神经损伤和脑功能的恢复,这表明乙酰胆碱酯酶抑制剂也可用于血管性痴呆的治疗。
发明内容
为解决现有技术中存在的问题,本发明提供一种芹菜苷元氨基甲酸酯类化合物、其制备方法及应用。
本发明的芹菜苷元氨基甲酸酯类化合物,其化学结构式如下述式(I)所示:
其中,R、R1和R2各自独立表示H或CONR3R4;R3、R4各自独立地表示C1~C12烷基、C1~C12烷氧基、C3~C8环烷基、苯基、苄基、取代苯基或取代苄基,R、R1和R2不同时为H,NR3R4也可表示二烯丙氨基、吗啉基、吡咯基、哌啶基、4-苄基哌啶基、4-取代苄基哌啶基、4-苯基哌啶基、4-取代苯基哌啶基、苄基哌嗪基、取代苄基哌嗪基、4-位被C1~C12烷基取代的哌嗪基、4-位被C1~C12烷基取代的哌啶基、取代苯基1,2,3,4-四氢异喹啉基;所述取代苯基或取代苄基是指苯环上任意可取代的位置被1-4个选自下组的基团所取代:F、Cl、Br、I、C1-4烷基、C1-4烷氧基、三氟甲基、三氟甲氧基、硝基或氰基。
本发明还提供一种芹菜苷元氨基甲酸酯类化合物,其化学结构式如下述式(I)所示:
其中,R、R1、R2分别如下所示:
其中,其在药学上可接受的盐是芹菜苷元氨基甲酸酯类化合物与盐酸、氢溴酸、硝酸、硫酸、磷酸、C1-6脂肪羧酸、草酸、苯甲酸、水杨酸、马来酸、富马酸、琥珀酸、酒石酸、柠檬酸、C1-6烷基磺酸、樟脑磺酸、苯磺酸或对甲苯磺酸的盐。
本发明还提供一种如上所述的芹菜苷元氨基甲酸酯类化合物的制备方法,其以芹菜苷元为起始原料,在溶剂和碱性条件下,与酰化剂发生酰化反应,得到产物芹菜苷元氨基甲酸酯类化合物;
其中,芹菜苷元、酰化剂、碱的摩尔比为比1.0:1.0~50.0:1.0~100.0,反应温度为-20℃~130℃,酰化反应时间为1~72h。
反应机理如下:
其中,所述溶剂为C3-8脂肪酮、N,N-二甲基甲酰胺、乙醚、异丙醚、甲基叔丁基醚、四氢呋喃、乙二醇二甲醚、C1-6脂肪酸与C1-6脂肪醇所形成酯、二氯甲烷、氯仿、1,2-二氯乙烷、苯、甲苯、二甲苯、氯苯、邻二氯苯、乙腈、二甲基亚砜或吡啶中的一种或几种。
此外,所述的碱为碱金属氢氧化物、碱土金属氢氧化物、碱金属或碱土金属碳酸盐、碱金属或碱土金属碳酸氢盐、C1-6脂肪酸碱金属盐、哌啶、四氢吡咯、三乙胺、三丁胺、三辛胺、吡啶、N-甲基吗啉、N-甲基哌啶、三乙烯二胺或四丁基氢氧化铵中的一种或几种。
本发明还提供一种如上所述的芹菜苷元氨基甲酸酯类化合物在制备用于治疗和/或预防神经退行性疾病的药物组合物中的应用,其在所述药物组合物中以2~99.5重量%的所述芹菜苷元氨基甲酸酯类化合物或其药理学可接受的盐为有效成分,其余为药物载体或赋形剂。
其中,所述神经退行性疾病包括血管性痴呆、阿尔茨海默氏病、帕金森症、亨廷顿症、HIV相关痴呆症、多发性硬化症、进行性脊髓侧索硬化症、神经性疼痛、青光眼。
本发明所述的芹菜苷元氨基甲酸酯类化合物或其药学上可接受的盐,对乙酰胆碱酯酶、丁酰胆碱酯酶、Aβ聚集活性具有较好的抑制活性,并对金属离子表现出强络合作用,具有抗氧活性,对过氧化氢诱导的PC12细胞损伤均有显著的保护作用,对大鼠痴呆模型中认知功能障碍及对小鼠记忆获得障碍具有良好的改善作用,本发明的芹菜苷元氨基甲酸酯类化合物或其药学上可接受的盐可用于制备治疗和/或预防神经退行性疾病的药物组合物。
具体实施方式
下面结合实施例详细介绍本发明技术方案,但本发明并不限定于此。
实施例1
在反应瓶中加入2.0mmol的芹菜素1、5mmol7mmol无水碳酸钾和30ml乙腈,搅拌均匀后,升温回流搅拌反应12小时(反应进程用TLC跟踪);反应结束后,减压蒸干溶剂,加入50ml去离子水,用100mL二氯甲烷分三次萃取,有机层合并后用饱和氯化钠洗涤,经无水硫酸钠干燥过滤,减压芹菜苷元氨基甲酸酯类化合物(I-1)蒸干溶剂,残余物经柱层析纯化(二氯甲烷:丙酮=100:1v/v),得相应的芹菜苷元氨基甲酸酯类化合物(I-1),收率67.3%。所得目标物的纯度经HPLC测定均大于97%。
目标化合物I-1:1H NMR 12.70(s,1H),7.88(d,J=8.4Hz,2H),7.29(d,J=8.8Hz,2H),6.92(d,J=7.6Hz,1H),6.67(s,1H),6.58(s,1H),3.50-3.40(m,4H),3.09(s,3H),3.02(s,3H),1.27-1.19(m,6H).13C NMR 182.8,163.9,161.7,157.0,156.6,154.6,153.7,153.6,153.2,153.0,127.7,127.6,122.5,108.3,108.2,105.6,105.3,100.9,44.3,44.2,34.4,34.3,34.0,33.9,13.3,12.4.
实施例2
在反应瓶中加入2.0mmol的芹菜素1、5mmol7mmol无水碳酸钾和30ml乙腈,搅拌均匀后,升温回流搅拌反应12小时(反应进程用TLC跟踪);反应结束后,减压蒸干溶剂,加入50ml去离子水,用100mL二氯甲烷分三次萃取,有机层合并后用饱和氯化钠洗涤,经无水硫酸钠干燥过滤,减压芹菜苷元氨基甲酸酯类化合物(I-2)蒸干溶剂,残余物经柱层析纯化(二氯甲烷:丙酮=100:1v/v),得相应的芹菜苷元氨基甲酸酯类化合物(I-2),收率60.8%。所得目标物的纯度经HPLC测定均大于97%。
目标化合物I-2:1H NMR 12.69(s,1H),7.89(d,J=8.8Hz,2H),7.30(d,J=8.8Hz,2H),6.94(d,J=2.0Hz,1H),6.69(s,1H),6.59(d,J=1.6Hz,1H),3.49-3.38(m,8H),1.28-1.21(m,12H).
实施例3
在反应瓶中加入2.0mmol的芹菜素1、5mmol7mmol无水碳酸钾和30ml乙腈,搅拌均匀后,升温回流搅拌反应12小时(反应进程用TLC跟踪);反应结束后,减压蒸干溶剂,加入50ml去离子水,用100mL二氯甲烷分三次萃取,有机层合并后用饱和氯化钠洗涤,经无水硫酸钠干燥过滤,减压芹菜苷元氨基甲酸酯类化合物(I-3)蒸干溶剂,残余物经柱层析纯化(二氯甲烷:丙酮=100:1v/v),得相应的芹菜苷元氨基甲酸酯类化合物(I-3),收率57.9%。所得目标物的纯度经HPLC测定均大于97%。
目标化合物I-3:1H NMR 12.69(s,1H),7.88(d,J=8.8Hz,2H),7.30(d,J=8.8Hz,2H),6.92(d,J=2.0Hz,1H),6.69(s,1H),6.59(d,J=2.0Hz,1H),3.13(s,3H),3.12(s,3H),3.05(s,6H).
实施例4
在反应瓶中加入2.0mmol的芹菜素1、5mmol7mmol无水碳酸钾和30ml乙腈,搅拌均匀后,升温回流搅拌反应12小时(反应进程用TLC跟踪);反应结束后,减压蒸干溶剂,加入50ml去离子水,用100mL二氯甲烷分三次萃取,有机层合并后用饱和氯化钠洗涤,经无水硫酸钠干燥过滤,减压芹菜苷元氨基甲酸酯类化合物(I-4)蒸干溶剂,残余物经柱层析纯化(二氯甲烷:丙酮=100:1v/v),得相应的芹菜苷元氨基甲酸酯类化合物(I-4),收率50.2%。所得目标物的纯度经HPLC测定均大于97%。
目标化合物I-4:1H NMR 12.66(s,1H),7.82(d,J=8.8Hz,2H),7.40-7.26(m,21H),6.96(d,J=1.6Hz,1H),6.63(s,1H),6.56(d,J=2.0Hz,1H).
实施例5
在反应瓶中加入2.0mmol的芹菜素1、5mmol7mmol无水碳酸钾和30ml乙腈,搅拌均匀后,升温回流搅拌反应12小时(反应进程用TLC跟踪);反应结束后,减压蒸干溶剂,加入50ml去离子水,用100mL二氯甲烷分三次萃取,有机层合并后用饱和氯化钠洗涤,经无水硫酸钠干燥过滤,减压芹菜苷元氨基甲酸酯类化合物(I-5)蒸干溶剂,残余物经柱层析纯化(二氯甲烷:丙酮=100:1v/v),得相应的芹菜苷元氨基甲酸酯类化合物(I-5),收率61.5%。所得目标物的纯度经HPLC测定均大于97%。
目标化合物I-5:1H NMR 12.70(s,1H),7.89(d,J=8.4Hz,2H),7.32(d,J=8.4Hz,2H),6.97(s,1H),6.69(s,1H),6.61(s,1H),3.61-3.56(m,4H),3.53-3.49(m,4H),2.01-1.94(m,8H).
实施例6
在反应瓶中加入2.0mmol的芹菜素1、5mmol7mmol无水碳酸钾和30ml乙腈,搅拌均匀后,升温回流搅拌反应12小时(反应进程用TLC跟踪);反应结束后,减压蒸干溶剂,加入50ml去离子水,用100mL二氯甲烷分三次萃取,有机层合并后用饱和氯化钠洗涤,经无水硫酸钠干燥过滤,减压芹菜苷元氨基甲酸酯类化合物(I-6)蒸干溶剂,残余物经柱层析纯化(二氯甲烷:丙酮=100:1v/v),得相应的芹菜苷元氨基甲酸酯类化合物(I-6),收率66.2%。所得目标物的纯度经HPLC测定均大于97%。
目标化合物I-6:1H NMR 12.71(s,1H),7.90(d,J=8.4Hz,2H),7.30(d,J=8.4Hz,2H),6.92(s,1H),6.69(s,1H),6.59(s,1H),3.79-3.76(m,8H),3.70-3.68(m,4H),3.60-3.68(m,4H).
实施例27
在反应瓶中加入2.0mmol的芹菜素1、15mmol20mmol无水碳酸钾和30ml乙腈,搅拌均匀后,升温回流搅拌反应12小时(反应进程用TLC跟踪);反应结束后,减压蒸干溶剂,加入50ml去离子水,用100mL二氯甲烷分三次萃取,有机层合并后用饱和氯化钠洗涤,经无水硫酸钠干燥过滤,减压芹菜苷元氨基甲酸酯类化合物(I-27)蒸干溶剂,残余物经柱层析纯化(二氯甲烷:丙酮=100:1v/v),得相应的芹菜苷元氨基甲酸酯类化合物(I-27),收率32.3%。所得目标物的纯度经HPLC测定均大于97%。
目标化合物I-27:1H NMR 7.85(d,J=8.8Hz,2H),7.36(d,J=2.0Hz,1H),7.28(s,1H),6.92(d,J=2.0Hz,1H),6.60(s,1H),3.20(s,3H),3.13(s,3H),3.11(s,3H),3.05(s,3H),3.04(s,6H).
实施例7-26及实施例28-32
除了酰化剂替换为相应的酰化剂外,其他与实施例1相同,制得实施例7-26及实施例28-32的芹菜苷元氨基甲酸酯类化合物,其结构如式(I)所示,R、R1、R2如下述表1所示。
试验例
(1)芹菜苷元氨基甲酸酯类化合物对乙酰胆碱酯酶和丁酰胆碱酯酶的抑制活性
向96孔板中依次加入1.0mmol/L碘化硫代乙酰胆碱或硫代丁酰胆碱(均购自Sigma公司)30μL,pH8.0的PBS缓冲液40μL,待测化合物溶液20μL(DMSO含量小于1%)和10μL电鳗乙酰胆碱酯酶(EeAChE)或马血清丁酰胆碱酯酶(eqBuChE),加毕混匀后,37℃孵育15min,向各孔中加入质量分数为0.2%的5,5'-二硫代-双(2-硝基)苯甲酸(DTNB,购自Sigma公司)溶液30μL显色,用酶标仪测定412nm处各孔的光密度(OD值),与不加待测样品的空白孔比较,计算化合物对酶的抑制率[酶抑制率=(1-样品组OD值/空白组OD值)×100%];选择化合物的五至六个浓度,测定其酶抑制率,并以该化合物摩尔浓度的负对数与酶的抑制率线性回归,求得50%抑制率时的摩尔浓度即为该化合物的IC50。
测定结果表明,本发明实施例中所公开的化合物对乙酰胆碱酯酶和丁酰胆碱酯酶均具有显著抑制作用,其IC50分别为0.1μM~50μM,0.1μM~50μM,而阳性对照药物——Rivastigmine对乙酰胆碱酯酶和丁酰胆碱酯酶抑制的IC50为5.6μM和1.4μM。
(2)芹菜苷元氨基甲酸酯类化合物抑制Aβ聚集活性测定
取20μL的Aβ1-42溶液+20μL的待测化合物溶液、20μL的Aβ1-42溶液+20μL PBS缓冲液(含2%DMSO)、20μL PBS缓冲液(含2%DMSO)+20μL PBS缓冲液(含25%DMSO)于黑色96孔板中,化合物和Aβ1-42的最终浓度均为25μM。37℃孵育24h,然后加入160μL含有5μM硫黄素T的50mM的甘氨酸-NaOH缓冲液(pH=8.5),振摇5s后立即用Varioskan Flash MultimodeReader(Thermo Scientific)多功能酶标仪在446nm激发波长和490nm发射波长下测定荧光值;Aβ1-42+待测化合物的荧光值记录为IFi,Aβ1-42+PBS缓冲液的荧光值记录为IFc,只含有PBS缓冲液的荧光值记录为IF0,由化合物抑制Aβ1-42自身聚集的抑制率计算公式为:100-(IFi-IF0)/(IFc-IF0)*100。每个化合物每个浓度测定两个复孔。测定结果表明,本发明实施例中所公开的化合物对Aβ1-42自身诱导的聚集均具有显著抑制作用,在25.0μM浓度下对Aβ1-42自身聚集的抑制率均大于48.0%;而姜黄素在相同浓度下的抑制率为43.1%。
(3)芹菜苷元氨基甲酸酯类化合物与金属离子络合作用的测定
用甲醇溶解CuCl2.2H2O、ZnCl2、FeSO4.7H2O、AlCl3及待测化合物,配成75μmol/L的溶液,向96孔板中加入100μL待测化合物溶液和100μl金属离子溶液,混匀,室温静置30分钟,在多功能酶标仪上记录200-600nm范围内的紫外吸收曲线,并以100μL待测化合物溶液和100μL甲醇混合液为对照,观察金属离子与待测化合物混合液的最大吸收峰的红移现象及最大吸收峰的强度。测定结果表明,本发明实施例中所公开的芹菜苷元氨基甲酸酯类化合物均表现出对金属离子有强络合作用。
(4)芹菜苷元氨基甲酸酯类化合物的抗氧化活性(ORAC-FL方法)
6-羟基-2,5,7,8-四甲基色烷-2-羧酸(Trolox)用pH7.4的PBS缓冲液配成10-80μmol/L的溶液,荧光素(flrorescein)用pH7.4的PBS缓冲液配成250nmol/L的溶液,2,2’-偶氮二异丁基脒二盐酸盐(AAPH)使用前用pH7.4的PBS缓冲液配成40mmol/L的溶液。向96孔板中加入50-10μmol/L的化合物溶液和荧光素溶液,混匀,37℃孵育15min,加入AAPH溶液,使每孔总体积为200μL,混匀,立即置于Varioskan Flash Multimode Reader仪中,在485nm激发波长和535nm发射波长下连续测定90min。计算出荧光衰减曲线下面积AUC,其中以1-8μmol/L的Trolox作为标准,以不加待测样品为空白,化合物的抗氧化活性结果表达为Trolox的当量,其计算公式为[(AUCSample-AUC blank)/(AUC Trolox-AUC blank)]/[(concentration of Trolox/concentration of sample)],每个化合物每次测定3个复孔,每组实验独立重复三次。测定结果表明,本发明实施例中所公开的的抗氧化活性为Trolox的1.0-2.5倍,说明该类化合物具有强抗氧化活性。
(5)本发明制备的芹菜苷元氨基甲酸酯类化合物对H2O2诱导的PC12
细胞损伤的保护作用筛选
PC12细胞用含10%小牛血清的DMEM培养液,以1×105个/mL密度接种于96孔培养板上,接种体积为100mL/孔,随后放入含5%CO2的37℃恒温培养箱内培养。培养24小时后,给药组中加相应浓度的化合物(终浓度为10-5mol/L,10-6mol/L)10mL/孔,预孵育2小时(对照组与损伤组分别加10μL/孔PBS,使其体积保持相等)。PC12细胞孵育2小时后,在给药组与损伤组中分别加入100μΜH2O2损伤剂10μL/孔(对照组加10μL/孔PBS),30分钟后,将各组的培养液均换成无小牛血清的RPMI1640培养液继续放入恒温培养箱内培养24小时,培养液体积认为100μL/孔。继续培养24小时后,各组加入5mg/mL,MTT 100μL/孔,进行活细胞染色。待3小时后,各组中加入100%DMSO终止液100μL/孔,充分溶解混匀。在490nm的波长下测定各组的OD值,测试结果重复3次,用Duncan’s test方法统计,各组数值表示为均数±S.E.M.,以对照组为100%,给药组及损伤组值以对照组的百分比表示。
测定结果表明,本发明实施例中所公开化合物在10-4mol/L~10-6mol/L浓度下对过氧化氢诱导的PC12细胞损伤均有显著的保护作用。
(6)芹菜苷元氨基甲酸酯类化合物对Aβ致大鼠痴呆模型中认知功能障碍的影响。
Wistar大鼠(10周龄)体重280左右,随机分为:对照组和痴呆造型组,痴呆造型组动物用戊巴比妥钠麻醉(40mg/kg,i.p.)后固定于I-C型大鼠立体定位仪上,常规消毒后切开皮肤,暴露前囟,用微量注射器向大鼠左侧海马区缓慢注入聚集态Aβ1-425.0μL,留针5分钟以使Aβ充分弥散,然后缓慢撤针缝合伤口。对照组给予等体积生理盐水。在注射Aβ次日,将痴呆造型组大鼠随机分为5组:模型组、受试药高(8mg/kg)、中(4mg/kg)、低(2mg/kg)、剂量组和阳性对照组多奈哌齐(5mg/kg),每组8只,灌胃给药(对照组和模型组给予等体积溶媒),1天1次,连续4周;在给药第3周用Morris水迷宫法测定大鼠的学习记忆能力。测定结果表明,与对照组相比,痴呆模型组Morris水迷宫测试的潜伏期明显延长(P<0.01);药物高、中剂量组的潜伏期较痴呆模型组显著缩短(P<0.01),而药物低剂量组和多奈哌齐组与痴呆模型组相比潜伏期有一定缩短趋势但无显著性差异(P<0.05)。
(7)芹菜苷元氨基甲酸酯类化合物对东莨菪碱所致小鼠记忆获得障碍的影响
SPF级ICR雄性小鼠,25-30g,随机分为:正常组、模型组、受试药高、低剂量组(5.0、2.5mg/kg),每组10只动物。一次性灌胃给予受试药物,空白组和模型组给予溶媒0.5%CMC-Na,给药体积均为0.1ml/10g;药后45min,正常组小鼠腹腔注射生理盐水,其余各组动物均注射东莨菪碱(5mg/kg),给药体积均为0.1ml/10g;造模30min后,将小鼠放入非电刺激Y迷宫进行行为学测试。测试时将小鼠放于一臂末端,让其在迷宫内自由穿行8min,记录其进入各臂的次数和交替次数,按照以下公式计算交替率:交替率%=[交替次数/(总进入次数-2)]×100,结果以均数±标准差表示,组间差异采用单因素方差分析。
测定结果表明,在该实验条件下,本发明所公开的化合物对东莨菪碱致小鼠获得记忆障碍具有剂量依赖性的改善作用,与模型组比较均具有统计学差异(p<0.01)。
行为实验完毕立即将小鼠断头取脑,用预冷生理盐水冲洗,在冰盒上迅速分离出脑海马组织,称取海马组织重量,加9倍4℃生理盐水制成10%的匀浆,3500r/min,4℃离心15min,-20℃储存上清液待测,通过考马斯亮蓝测定总蛋白浓度。按照试剂盒规定的方法在412nm的波长下测定AChE含量,AChE活力表示为U/mg。ChAT的活力通过ChAT催化的ACh合成反应来测定。操作方法同样根据试剂盒的说明,在412nm波长下测定,ChAT的活力用U/mg来表示。测定结果表明,在该实验条件下,本发明所公开的化合物能够增强乙酰胆碱转移酶(ChAT)的活力,与空白组比较均具有统计学差异(p<0.01)。
Claims (5)
2.一种如权利要求1中所述的芹菜苷元氨基甲酸酯类化合物的制备方法,其特征在于,以芹菜苷元为起始原料,在溶剂和碱性条件下,与酰化剂发生酰化反应,得到产物芹菜苷元氨基甲酸酯类化合物;
其中,芹菜苷元、酰化剂、碱的摩尔比为比1.0:1.0~50.0:1.0~100.0,反应温度为-20℃~130℃,酰化反应时间为1~72h。
3.根据权利要求2所述的制备方法,其特征在于,所述溶剂为C3-8脂肪酮、N,N-二甲基甲酰胺、乙醚、异丙醚、甲基叔丁基醚、四氢呋喃、乙二醇二甲醚、C1-6脂肪酸与C1-6脂肪醇所形成酯、二氯甲烷、氯仿、1,2-二氯乙烷、苯、甲苯、二甲苯、氯苯、邻二氯苯、乙腈、二甲基亚砜或吡啶中的一种或几种。
4.根据权利要求2所述的制备方法,其特征在于,所述的碱为碱金属氢氧化物、碱土金属氢氧化物、碱金属或碱土金属碳酸盐、碱金属或碱土金属碳酸氢盐、C1-6脂肪酸碱金属盐、哌啶、四氢吡咯、三乙胺、三丁胺、三辛胺、吡啶、N-甲基吗啉、N-甲基哌啶、三乙烯二胺或四丁基氢氧化铵中的一种或几种。
5.一种如权利要求1中所述的芹菜苷元氨基甲酸酯类化合物在制备用于治疗和/或预防神经退行性疾病的药物组合物中的应用,其特征在于,在所述药物组合物中以2~99.5重量%的所述芹菜苷元氨基甲酸酯类化合物或其药理学可接受的盐为有效成分,其余为药物载体或赋形剂。
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