CN108296639B - Follow-up laser shock peening device - Google Patents
Follow-up laser shock peening device Download PDFInfo
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- CN108296639B CN108296639B CN201611260752.7A CN201611260752A CN108296639B CN 108296639 B CN108296639 B CN 108296639B CN 201611260752 A CN201611260752 A CN 201611260752A CN 108296639 B CN108296639 B CN 108296639B
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Classifications
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B23—MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- B23K—SOLDERING OR UNSOLDERING; WELDING; CLADDING OR PLATING BY SOLDERING OR WELDING; CUTTING BY APPLYING HEAT LOCALLY, e.g. FLAME CUTTING; WORKING BY LASER BEAM
- B23K26/00—Working by laser beam, e.g. welding, cutting or boring
- B23K26/352—Working by laser beam, e.g. welding, cutting or boring for surface treatment
- B23K26/356—Working by laser beam, e.g. welding, cutting or boring for surface treatment by shock processing
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B23—MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- B23K—SOLDERING OR UNSOLDERING; WELDING; CLADDING OR PLATING BY SOLDERING OR WELDING; CUTTING BY APPLYING HEAT LOCALLY, e.g. FLAME CUTTING; WORKING BY LASER BEAM
- B23K26/00—Working by laser beam, e.g. welding, cutting or boring
- B23K26/02—Positioning or observing the workpiece, e.g. with respect to the point of impact; Aligning, aiming or focusing the laser beam
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B23—MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- B23K—SOLDERING OR UNSOLDERING; WELDING; CLADDING OR PLATING BY SOLDERING OR WELDING; CUTTING BY APPLYING HEAT LOCALLY, e.g. FLAME CUTTING; WORKING BY LASER BEAM
- B23K26/00—Working by laser beam, e.g. welding, cutting or boring
- B23K26/02—Positioning or observing the workpiece, e.g. with respect to the point of impact; Aligning, aiming or focusing the laser beam
- B23K26/03—Observing, e.g. monitoring, the workpiece
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B23—MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- B23K—SOLDERING OR UNSOLDERING; WELDING; CLADDING OR PLATING BY SOLDERING OR WELDING; CUTTING BY APPLYING HEAT LOCALLY, e.g. FLAME CUTTING; WORKING BY LASER BEAM
- B23K26/00—Working by laser beam, e.g. welding, cutting or boring
- B23K26/02—Positioning or observing the workpiece, e.g. with respect to the point of impact; Aligning, aiming or focusing the laser beam
- B23K26/03—Observing, e.g. monitoring, the workpiece
- B23K26/032—Observing, e.g. monitoring, the workpiece using optical means
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B23—MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- B23K—SOLDERING OR UNSOLDERING; WELDING; CLADDING OR PLATING BY SOLDERING OR WELDING; CUTTING BY APPLYING HEAT LOCALLY, e.g. FLAME CUTTING; WORKING BY LASER BEAM
- B23K26/00—Working by laser beam, e.g. welding, cutting or boring
- B23K26/02—Positioning or observing the workpiece, e.g. with respect to the point of impact; Aligning, aiming or focusing the laser beam
- B23K26/06—Shaping the laser beam, e.g. by masks or multi-focusing
- B23K26/064—Shaping the laser beam, e.g. by masks or multi-focusing by means of optical elements, e.g. lenses, mirrors or prisms
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B23—MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- B23K—SOLDERING OR UNSOLDERING; WELDING; CLADDING OR PLATING BY SOLDERING OR WELDING; CUTTING BY APPLYING HEAT LOCALLY, e.g. FLAME CUTTING; WORKING BY LASER BEAM
- B23K26/00—Working by laser beam, e.g. welding, cutting or boring
- B23K26/02—Positioning or observing the workpiece, e.g. with respect to the point of impact; Aligning, aiming or focusing the laser beam
- B23K26/06—Shaping the laser beam, e.g. by masks or multi-focusing
- B23K26/064—Shaping the laser beam, e.g. by masks or multi-focusing by means of optical elements, e.g. lenses, mirrors or prisms
- B23K26/0643—Shaping the laser beam, e.g. by masks or multi-focusing by means of optical elements, e.g. lenses, mirrors or prisms comprising mirrors
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B23—MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- B23K—SOLDERING OR UNSOLDERING; WELDING; CLADDING OR PLATING BY SOLDERING OR WELDING; CUTTING BY APPLYING HEAT LOCALLY, e.g. FLAME CUTTING; WORKING BY LASER BEAM
- B23K26/00—Working by laser beam, e.g. welding, cutting or boring
- B23K26/14—Working by laser beam, e.g. welding, cutting or boring using a fluid stream, e.g. a jet of gas, in conjunction with the laser beam; Nozzles therefor
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B23—MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- B23K—SOLDERING OR UNSOLDERING; WELDING; CLADDING OR PLATING BY SOLDERING OR WELDING; CUTTING BY APPLYING HEAT LOCALLY, e.g. FLAME CUTTING; WORKING BY LASER BEAM
- B23K26/00—Working by laser beam, e.g. welding, cutting or boring
- B23K26/18—Working by laser beam, e.g. welding, cutting or boring using absorbing layers on the workpiece, e.g. for marking or protecting purposes
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B23—MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- B23K—SOLDERING OR UNSOLDERING; WELDING; CLADDING OR PLATING BY SOLDERING OR WELDING; CUTTING BY APPLYING HEAT LOCALLY, e.g. FLAME CUTTING; WORKING BY LASER BEAM
- B23K26/00—Working by laser beam, e.g. welding, cutting or boring
- B23K26/70—Auxiliary operations or equipment
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B23—MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- B23K—SOLDERING OR UNSOLDERING; WELDING; CLADDING OR PLATING BY SOLDERING OR WELDING; CUTTING BY APPLYING HEAT LOCALLY, e.g. FLAME CUTTING; WORKING BY LASER BEAM
- B23K26/00—Working by laser beam, e.g. welding, cutting or boring
- B23K26/70—Auxiliary operations or equipment
- B23K26/702—Auxiliary equipment
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C21—METALLURGY OF IRON
- C21D—MODIFYING THE PHYSICAL STRUCTURE OF FERROUS METALS; GENERAL DEVICES FOR HEAT TREATMENT OF FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS METALS OR ALLOYS; MAKING METAL MALLEABLE, e.g. BY DECARBURISATION OR TEMPERING
- C21D1/00—General methods or devices for heat treatment, e.g. annealing, hardening, quenching or tempering
- C21D1/06—Surface hardening
- C21D1/09—Surface hardening by direct application of electrical or wave energy; by particle radiation
Landscapes
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
- Optics & Photonics (AREA)
- Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
- Plasma & Fusion (AREA)
- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Thermal Sciences (AREA)
- Crystallography & Structural Chemistry (AREA)
- Materials Engineering (AREA)
- Metallurgy (AREA)
- Organic Chemistry (AREA)
- Laser Beam Processing (AREA)
Abstract
The application discloses a follow-up laser shock strengthening device which is characterized by comprising an optical path input module, a belt conveying module, a focusing module and a water spraying module; one end of the light path input module is connected with and introduced into the light source, and the other end of the light path input module is connected with the focusing module and is communicated with the light path; the other end of the focusing module is connected with the water spraying module; the belt feeding module comprises a motor, a transmission mechanism and an absorption belt, wherein the motor drives the absorption belt to move through the transmission mechanism, and the absorption belt penetrates through a water column sprayed by the water spraying module. The laser shock peening device adopts a follow-up absorption band conveying mode and has the advantages of high-order and high-efficiency laser shock peening treatment.
Description
Technical Field
The application belongs to the field of material processing, relates to a laser shock reinforcement technology, and in particular relates to a follow-up laser shock reinforcement treatment system for surfaces of workpieces with various complex shapes.
Background
The laser shock peening technique (Laser Shocking Peening, LSP) is to use a high energy density (GW/cm) 2 Magnitude), short pulse (magnitude of 10-30 ns) pulse laser impacts the material, generates strong laser induction on the surface of the material, and the likeAnd (3) an ion body. The GPa level shock wave generated by the explosion acts on the surface of the material and propagates inwards, so that plastic deformation and a complex dislocation structure are generated in a certain area of the surface of the material, a large residual compressive stress is formed, and the fatigue strength and the corrosion resistance of the part are improved. The technology is widely applied to various industries such as mechanical manufacturing engineering, aerospace, microelectronics, national defense, medical treatment and the like. The laser shock strengthening technology is a technology for carrying out laser shock strengthening treatment on the surface of a workpiece by using ultrahigh pressure shock waves generated by strong laser. At present, the laser shock peening technology has been widely used in the fields of aviation, ships, mechanical engineering and the like, and is particularly used for anti-fatigue treatment of aircraft engine blades.
The existing laser shock strengthening device for the surface of a workpiece comprises a laser generating unit, an absorption protection layer positioned on the surface of the workpiece and a constraint layer positioned on the surface of the absorption protection layer. The function of the confinement layer is to let the laser energy pass through and act on the absorption protection layer while also providing as much as possible of the reaction force upon expansion of the plasma, improving the shock wave coupling efficiency. At present, solid materials such as optical glass and the like are commonly used as a constraint layer, or flexible materials such as a water film and the like are used as a transparent constraint layer. The main function of the absorption protection layer is to protect the workpiece from being burned by the laser and to enhance the absorption of laser energy. Paint, flexible tape, or a metal foil of a certain thickness, etc. are currently commonly used as the absorption protection layer.
In the laser shock peening process, in order to suppress free diffusion of plasma, a shock wave is obtained more intensively and for a longer time, and a confinement layer is usually added to the laser processing region. The materials of the common constraint layer are quartz, glass, a flexible film, water and the like, wherein the water is most widely used because of the advantages of low cost, good flexibility, no residue generated by fragmentation, strong adaptability to the surface of parts with complex shapes and the like, but has the main disadvantage that the rigidity of a water layer is insufficient, and a stable constraint layer is difficult to provide. The conventional laser shock strengthening treatment adopts the modes of sticking a metal foil or a black adhesive tape on the surface of a workpiece or coating special black paint, and the black paint coating has the advantages of good laminating performance on various irregular curved surfaces, low production efficiency because the constraint layer can be applied for shock strengthening after the constraint layer is required to be dried after the constraint layer is sprayed; if the aluminum foil lamination is adopted, the lamination performance on chamfer angles and irregular curved surfaces is poor, and the strengthening quality is affected. After the workpiece is processed, a method for removing foil or adhesive tape on the surface of the workpiece or coating special black paint is needed, so that time and labor are wasted, large-scale and high-efficiency production and application are difficult to realize, and industrialization progress is hindered.
At present, the development direction at home and abroad is to develop water-soluble paint, impact reinforcement can be immediately carried out after coating spraying (pretreatment) without drying, and high-pressure water can be used for removing the coating after the treatment (aftertreatment), so that the problem of insufficient processing efficiency is also caused.
Disclosure of Invention
According to one aspect of the application, a follow-up laser shock peening device and method with coaxial light and water are provided, wherein a follow-up absorption band conveying mode is adopted, water with certain pressure is sprayed out through a water spraying module, the absorption band is tightly attached to a workpiece, and the absorption band is conveyed while laser shock treatment is carried out along with rotation of a motor, so that the laser shock peening treatment process for the surface of the workpiece can be completed. The absorption band used by the application is not attached to the surface of the workpiece, and the surface is smooth and clean and has no other dirt, so that the laser shock strengthening treatment can be completed without post-treatment, and the application has the advantage of high-order and high-efficiency laser shock strengthening treatment.
The device comprises an optical path input module, a belt conveying module, a focusing module and a water spraying module;
one end of the light path input module is connected with and introduced into the light source, and the other end of the light path input module is connected with the focusing module and is communicated with the light path; the other end of the focusing module is connected with the water spraying module; the belt feeding module comprises a motor, a transmission mechanism and an absorption belt, wherein the motor drives the absorption belt to move through the transmission mechanism, and the absorption belt penetrates through a water column sprayed by the water spraying module.
Preferably, the motor is a synchronous motor, and the stepping frequency of the synchronous motor is consistent with the impact strengthening working frequency of the follow-up laser impact strengthening device. And each time the device performs a laser pulse, the synchronous motor drives the absorption band to move for a certain distance. The distance that each laser pulse of the absorption band moves can be determined by one skilled in the art according to the processing requirements of the workpiece to be processed and the ablation range of the laser irradiated light spot during the laser impact process.
Preferably, the belt feeding module comprises an absorption belt fixing structure, the absorption belt fixing structure is fixedly connected to the water spraying outlet of the water spraying module, and the absorption belt fixing structure fixes the moving direction of the absorption belt at the center of the water column sprayed by the water spraying module. Further preferably, the absorption band fixing structure is a part of a water outlet of a water spray nozzle in the water spray module. As a specific embodiment, the absorption band fixing structure is an absorption band restraining structure of a water outlet portion of a water spray nozzle in the water spray module. Further specifically, the absorption band fixing structure is an absorption band restraining structure formed by two gaps which are oppositely arranged on the side wall of the water outlet part of the water spray nozzle in the water spray module. The absorption band penetrates from one gap and passes through the water column sprayed by the water spraying module and then penetrates from the other gap; the absorption band fixing structure is used for fixing the moving direction of the absorption band in the center of a water column sprayed by the water spraying module.
Preferably, the absorption band can be a smooth soft film band which is dark in color, does not contain an adhesive glue layer and is not easy to tear.
The absorption band can be a smooth soft film band which has darker color, does not contain an adhesive layer and is not easy to tear.
Preferably, the thickness of the absorbent tape is from 0.01mm to 0.5mm of the flexible film tape.
As a preferred embodiment, the absorbent belt thickness is 0.1mm.
In one embodiment of the present application, the absorption band is an absorption rate of not less than 95% for laser light having at least one wavelength of 10640nm, 1064nm, 800nm, 532nm, 517nm, 355 nm.
As an embodiment of the present application, the absorption band is an absorption rate of not less than 95% for laser light having a wavelength of 355nm to 10640 nm.
As an embodiment of the present application, the absorption band is an absorption rate of 95% to 99.99% for laser light of at least one wavelength of 10640nm, 1064nm, 800nm, 532nm, 517nm, 355 nm.
Preferably, the absorbent belt has a tensile strength greater than 30N/cm.
Further preferably, the absorption band has a tensile strength in the range of 30N/cm to 3000N/cm.
Still more preferably, the absorbent tape has a tensile strength in the range of 30N/cm to 300N/cm and a thickness of 0.01mm to 0.5 mm.
Preferably, the thickness of the absorption band is 0.01mm to 0.2mm.
Preferably, the absorbent belt surface is free of an adhesive glue layer.
Further preferably, the wavelength of the pulse laser is 10640nm, 1064nm, 800nm, 532nm, 517nm and/or 355nm
Preferably, the transmission mechanism comprises at least one conveying wheel and at least one tensioning wheel.
Preferably, the transmission mechanism comprises a first conveying wheel, a first tensioning wheel, a second conveying wheel, a third conveying wheel, a second tensioning wheel and a fourth conveying wheel; the absorption belt sequentially passes through the first conveying wheel, the first tensioning wheel, the second conveying wheel, the outlet end of the spray head of the water spraying module, the third conveying wheel, the second tensioning wheel and the fourth conveying wheel under the drive of the motor.
Further preferably, the conveying wheel or the tensioning wheel can be a fixed wheel or a moving wheel or other smooth components, etc.
Preferably, the focusing module can convert rotary motion into up-down linear motion through a bevel gear group mechanism, a cam mechanism or other forms in a knob mode, so that the precise fine tuning effect of the focusing lens can be ensured.
Preferably, the impact head can be thin and long without affecting the processing quality, and can reach hidden parts which cannot be reached by conventional laser impact processing for surface strengthening treatment.
Preferably, the optical path input module comprises a connecting plate, a locating pin, an optical path adjusting block, an elastic adjusting sleeve and a reflecting mirror; the connecting plate connects the laser or the optical fiber to the elastic adjusting sleeve through the locating pin, the elastic adjusting sleeve is elastically connected to the light path adjusting block, the light path adjusting block is connected with the device, and the reflector is fixed on the device and reflects the light rays emitted by the laser or the optical fiber; the light path input module adjusts the output light path to be coaxial with the water column sprayed by the water spraying module.
The focusing module comprises a knob, a self-lubricating shaft sleeve, a shell, a connecting sleeve, a focusing lens and a focusing lens frame; the focusing lens frame is used for fixing the focusing lens on the self-lubricating shaft sleeve; the self-lubricating shaft sleeve axially slides along the shell under the drive of the knob so as to focus light.
Preferably, the device comprises an imaging module, wherein the imaging module comprises a CCD image sensor and a mounting sleeve, and the CCD image sensor is connected to the upper end of a reflecting mirror of the light path input module in a manner of being capable of moving along the axial direction of light rays through the mounting sleeve; the reflecting mirror transmits light to one side of the CCD image sensor, and reflects light to one side of the laser or the optical fiber. In the present application, the CCD refers to a Charge-coupled Device (English full name).
Preferably, the water spraying module comprises a spray head, the side wall of the water outlet end of the spray head is provided with two slits which are oppositely arranged to form an absorption band fixing structure, and the absorption band penetrates into one slit and passes through a water column sprayed by the water spraying module and then penetrates out of the other slit; the absorption band fixing structure is used for fixing the moving direction of the absorption band in the center of a water column sprayed by the water spraying module.
In the application, the absorption band fixing structure fixes the moving direction of the absorption band at the center of the water column sprayed by the water spraying module, namely that the facula of laser and the central axis of the coaxial water column can point to the center of the absorption band.
Preferably, the water spraying module comprises a protective lens, a water spraying sleeve, a water inlet connecting pipe, a mounting nut sleeve and a spray head;
one end of the water spraying sleeve is fixed with the protective lens and connected with the light emergent direction of the focusing module, and the other end of the water spraying sleeve is connected with the spray head through threads by the mounting nut sleeve; the protective lens separates the water spraying module from the space of the focusing module;
the side wall of the water spraying sleeve is provided with the water inlet connecting pipe.
Preferably, the device comprises an anti-collision module, wherein the anti-collision module is arranged between the focusing module and the water spraying module, and comprises a protection sleeve ring, a mounting nut sleeve and a nut pressing ring; the protection lantern ring can elastically deform, is installed between the focusing module and the water spraying module through the installation nut sleeve and the nut pressing ring, and is used for buffering the impact and vibration received by the water spraying module.
Preferably, the device comprises a controller, wherein the controller is electrically connected with the light source and the synchronous motor, and the controller controls the stepping frequency of the synchronous motor to be consistent with the impact strengthening working frequency of the follow-up laser impact strengthening device.
Preferably, the device comprises a pressure tank, a water pump and a gas generator, the controller is electrically connected with the water pump and the gas generator, the pressure tank is connected with the water spraying module in a waterway, and the controller controls the water pressure in the pressure tank through the water pump and the gas generator.
The application has the beneficial effects that: the follow-up laser shock strengthening device provided by the application adopts the follow-up metal foil or the black tape as the absorption layer, so that the laser shock strengthening device can perform shock treatment and tape feeding at the same time, and has the advantages of high order and high efficiency in performing the laser shock strengthening treatment because the laser shock strengthening device is absorbed into a material which is not attached to the surface of a workpiece and does not need to perform post-treatment.
Drawings
Fig. 1 is a cross-sectional view of a front view of a follow-up laser shock peening apparatus according to an embodiment of the present application.
Fig. 2 is a cross-sectional view of a left side view of a follow-up laser shock peening apparatus according to an embodiment of the present application.
Fig. 3 is a front view of a follow-up laser shock peening apparatus according to an embodiment of the present application.
Fig. 4 is a left side view of a follow-up laser shock peening apparatus according to an embodiment of the present application.
Fig. 5 is a right side view of a follow-up laser shock peening apparatus according to an embodiment of the present application.
Fig. 6 is a top view of a follow-up laser shock peening apparatus according to an embodiment of the present application.
Fig. 7 is a bottom view of a follow-up laser shock peening device according to an embodiment of the present application.
Fig. 8 is a perspective view of a follow-up laser shock peening apparatus according to an embodiment of the present application.
Fig. 9 is a perspective view of a follow-up laser shock peening apparatus according to an embodiment of the present application.
Fig. 10 is an enlarged view of a portion of a spray head according to an embodiment of the present application.
Fig. 11 is a partially enlarged three-dimensional image of a spray head according to an embodiment of the present application.
FIG. 12 is an enlarged view of a portion of a spray head according to one embodiment of the present application.
FIG. 13 is a system connection diagram of a follow-up laser shock peening device according to one embodiment of the present application.
List of parts and reference numerals:
Detailed Description
The present application is described in detail below with reference to examples, but the present application is not limited to these examples.
As shown in fig. 1 and 2, in one embodiment of the present application, the follow-up laser shock peening apparatus includes an optical path input module 2, a tape feed module 4, a focusing module 6, an anti-collision module 7, an imaging module 8, and a water spray module 9. One end (optical path inlet end of fig. 1) of the optical path input module 2 is connected to and introduced into the light source, and the other end (lower end of the reflecting mirror 28 of fig. 1) is connected to and in optical path communication with the focusing module 6. The other end of the focusing module 6 is connected with a water spraying module 9 through an anti-collision module 7 (see figure 2). The imaging module 8 is located at the top of the device, and its optical path is through mirror 28 to observe the light spot at the bottom of the device.
Specifically, referring to fig. 1, the optical path input module 2 includes a connection plate 20, a positioning pin 22, an optical path adjustment block 24, an elastic adjustment sleeve 26, and a reflecting mirror 28. The connection board 20 connects the laser or the optical fiber to the elastic adjustment sleeve 26 through the positioning of the positioning pin 22, the elastic adjustment sleeve 26 is elastically connected to the optical path adjustment block 24, and the optical path adjustment block 24 is adjustably connected to the illustrated device, and can move in two dimensions on a plane perpendicular to the optical axis to adjust the optical path, see fig. 8. A mirror 28 is fixed to the optical path input module 2 and reflects the light emitted by the laser or the optical fiber. The light path input module 2 can adjust the light path output by the light path input module to be coaxial with the water column sprayed by the water spraying module 9.
Referring to fig. 2, the focusing module 6 includes a knob 60, a self-lubricating bushing 62, a housing 63, a slip ring 64, a focusing lens 66, a connection sleeve 67, a focusing lens holder 68, and a positioning pin 69. The focusing lens holder 68 fixes the focusing lens 68 on the self-lubricating shaft sleeve 62, and the self-lubricating shaft sleeve 62 axially slides along the housing 62 under the drive of the knob 60 to focus the light. The application changes the position of the focused laser spot by moving the focusing mirror 66 through the knob 60, is fine and flexible to adjust, and can adjust the range from 10mm to 20mm with the precision of 0.05mm.
Referring to fig. 2, the water spray module 9 includes a protective lens 90, a water inlet nipple 92, a mounting nut sleeve 94, a spray head 96, and a water spray sleeve 98. The upper end of the water spray sleeve 98 is fixed with a protective lens 90 and connected with the connection sleeve 67 of the focusing module 6, the light emitting direction passes through the protective lens 90, and the protective lens 90 separates the space of the upper light path portion from the space of the lower water chamber portion shown in fig. 2. The lower end of the water spray sleeve 98 is threadably connected to the spray head 96 by the mounting nut sleeve 94. A water inlet nipple 92 is provided on the side wall of the water spray sleeve 98 for connection to a water source.
As shown in fig. 3 and 4, the side wall of the water outlet end of the spray head 96 has two slits arranged opposite to each other, forming an absorption band fixing structure 46 of the band feeding module 4, the enlarged view is shown in fig. 11 and 12, the absorption band 44 penetrates from one slit into and through the water column sprayed by the water spraying module, and then penetrates from the other slit (the enlarged view of the section of the absorption band fixing structure 46 is shown in fig. 10), so that the absorption band 44 can only move in one dimension along the path defined by the slits, therefore, the absorption band fixing structure 46 can be kept in the center of the water column sprayed by the spray head 96 at the moment when the absorption band 44 moves, and the three-dimensional enlarged picture of the spray head 96 and the absorption band fixing structure 46 is shown in fig. 10. Meanwhile, with reference to fig. 7, fig. 7 is a bottom view of the follow-up laser shock peening device, and it can be seen that the absorption band penetrates into and out of the slit of the fixing structure 46.
With continued reference to fig. 2, the device includes an anti-collision module 7, the anti-collision module 7 is disposed between the focusing module 6 and the water spraying module 9, and the anti-collision module 7 includes a protection collar 70, a mounting nut sleeve 72, and a nut pressing ring 74. The protection collar 70 is elastically deformable, is installed between the connecting sleeve 67 of the focusing module 6 and the water spraying module 9 through the installation nut sleeve 72 and the nut pressing ring 74, and is used for buffering the impact and vibration received by the water spraying module, so that the device can be prevented from continuously working impact and vibration received by the light path part in the laser impact processing process of a workpiece to be transmitted to the light path part, the precision of the light path part can be kept not to be reduced all the time, and longer working time is kept without frequently adjusting the light path. The protective collar 70 is made of an elastomeric material, typically an elastomeric nylon plastic.
Referring to fig. 1, the belt feeding module 4 includes a driving mechanism 42 (in fig. 1, a conveying wheel 420, a conveying wheel 422, a conveying wheel 424, a conveying wheel 426, a tensioning wheel 428 and a tensioning wheel 429) composed of a synchronous motor 40, four conveying wheels and two tensioning wheels, and an absorbing belt 44, wherein the synchronous motor 40 drives the absorbing belt 44 to move through the conveying wheels and the tensioning wheels in the driving mechanism 42, and the absorbing belt 44 passes through an absorbing belt fixing structure 46 formed by the gap of the spray head 96 in the water spraying module 9 and passes through a water column sprayed by the spray head 96. The specific structure of the belt feeding module 4 is shown in fig. 3, 4 and 5. The stepping frequency of the synchronous motor 40 is consistent with the impact strengthening working frequency of the follow-up laser impact strengthening device. For each laser pulse performed by the apparatus, the synchronous motor 40 advances the absorber band 44 a distance, moves the portion of the absorber band 44 that has been irradiated with laser light out of the center of the spray head 96, and moves a new section of the absorber band 44 into the center of the spray head 96 in preparation for receiving the next laser pulse. The distance that each laser pulse of the absorption band 44 moves can be determined based on the spot size and ablation range of the laser impinging on the absorption band during laser impingement.
The absorbent tape 44 may be selected from aluminum foil tape and other metal foil tape, and may also be selected from relatively dark colored organic polymer tape, preferably black tape without an adhesive glue layer, typically black PVC of 0.15mm thickness. The width of the absorbent belt 44 does not exceed the outer diameter of the ejection head 96 and can pass through the slit (absorbent belt fixing structure 46) on the ejection head 96.
With continued reference to fig. 1, the apparatus includes an imaging module 8, where the imaging module 8 includes a CCD image sensor 80 and a mounting sleeve 82, and the CCD image sensor 80 is connected to an upper end of the mirror 28 of the optical path input module 2 by the mounting sleeve 82 in a vertically adjustable manner, as shown in fig. 6. The CCD image sensor 80 is adjustable in height, positioning accuracy can be improved, and observation is convenient. The reflecting mirror 28 is one side reflecting and the other side transmitting, and the side facing the CCD image sensor 80 can transmit light, so as to observe light spots, adjust positions in cooperation with the light path input module 2 and focus in cooperation with the focusing module 6. The side of the mirror 28 facing the laser or the fiber reflects light and is directed coaxially toward the water column from the spray head 96.
The structure is compact, and the modularized design enables the switching of different processing modes to be very flexible.
The system connection diagram of the follow-up laser shock peening device of the present application is shown in fig. 13, the device further comprises a computer, a controller, a pressure tank, a water pump, a gas generator, a pressure gauge and a flow meter, the controller is electrically connected with the laser, the synchronous motor, the water pump and the gas generator, the pressure tank is connected with a water inlet connection pipe 92 in a water way, and the pressure gauge and the flow meter are located on a water pipe between the pressure tank and the water inlet connection pipe 92. The controller is electrically connected with the water pump and the gas generator, and the controller controls the water pressure in the pressure tank through the water pump and the gas generator under the program control of the computer. The controller controls the stepping frequency of the synchronous motor to be consistent with the impact strengthening working frequency of the follow-up laser impact strengthening device under the program control of the computer.
The follow-up laser shock peening device of the present application uses short laser pulses (typically within 50 ns), high power density (GW/cm) 2 Grade) laser light passes through the transparent confinement layer (water in the present application) and acts on the absorption band 44 of the workpiece surface. The absorption protection layer, absorption band 44, absorbs laser energy and then gasifies rapidly to form dense high temperature and high pressure plasma, which rapidly heats up and expands after continuing to absorb laser energy to form shock wave with the strength of several GPa (10 9 Pa) magnitude, well above the yield strength of many workpiece materials; the shock wave passes through the absorption protective layer, acts on the surface of the workpiece and propagates to the inside of the workpiece, so that plastic deformation and residual compressive stress fields are generated on the surface of the workpiece, the plastic deformation of the surface layer material is caused, the dislocation density is increased, crystal grains are thinned, and the compressive stress and the hardness are increased, thereby obviously improving the anti-fatigue, anti-wear and anti-corrosion performances of the material.
The following laser shock strengthening operation steps of the follow-up laser shock strengthening device are as follows:
a) The water enters the water spraying unit to form a water cavity, the bottom of a spray head of the water spraying unit sprays out, and the absorption band clings to the surface of the workpiece under the impact pressure of the water column;
b) The laser beam is coaxially transmitted to the absorption band tightly attached to the surface of the workpiece in the step a) through the water cavity in the water spraying unit and the water column sprayed by the spray head through the protective lens, so as to perform primary laser shock reinforcement;
c) And b) relatively moving the device and the workpiece to the next impact site, simultaneously driving the absorption band to move by a distance exceeding the laser spot by the motor, and repeating the laser impact strengthening process of the step b).
Specifically, when the follow-up laser shock peening apparatus of the present application is operated, deionized water enters the water spray sleeve 98 through the water inlet nipple 92 to form a water cavity, and is sprayed out through the outlet at the bottom of the water spray head 96. The laser is connected to the device through the connecting plate 20, the laser beam irradiates on the focusing mirror 66 after being reflected by the reflector 28 through the optical path input module 2 and regulated by the connecting plate, and after being focused by the focusing mirror 66, the laser beam coaxially irradiates the water cavity formed in the water spraying sleeve 98 and the water column sprayed by the spray head 96 through the protective lens 90, and is limited in the area restrained by the water column through total reflection. When the laser shock peening process requires that the diameter of a water column is 0.5-1.5 mm and the length of the water column (the distance between a processing plane and the lower surface of the protective lens 90) is 15-20 mm, laser can realize multiple reflections in the water column, so that the uniform field and the spot size of a light beam are controlled. The synchronous motor 40 is consistent with the impact strengthening working frequency, and impacts once, and the synchronous motor pulls the absorption belt 44 to walk once. As shown in fig. 9, a tape feeding device is provided at the upper end of the stepping motor 40. The middle of the belt conveying device is provided with a belt conveying gear, the belt conveying gear is connected with a belt conveying bearing, the belt conveying device is fixed by a belt feeding end part fixing nut, one end side face of the belt conveying device is provided with a belt feeding port, and the other end side face of the belt conveying device is provided with a belt discharging port, as shown in figure 1. The belt conveying system is simple in structure, convenient to use, capable of adjusting tightness of a belt conveying, capable of changing materials only by pressing the belt conveying end part extrusion spring by hand, flexible in structure, strong in modification and capable of being changed into a near-end feeding device according to needs. The gears are acted on by the elastic members and the limit guide blocks, and the absorption belt 44 is pressed by the gears to be closely attached to the rolling bearing. Because of the sliding friction between the absorbing belt 44 and the rolling bearing, the belt is driven to move between the gear and the bearing when the gear rotates. The stepping frequency of the synchronous motor 40 is set to be consistent with the pulse laser shock peening operation frequency, so that the effect that the synchronous motor pulls the absorption belt 44 to advance for one section after one pulse laser shock is finally achieved.
When the follow-up laser shock peening device works, the connecting plate 20 of the optical path input module 2 can be matched with the optical fiber laser, can be widely applied to laser shock peening treatment of various materials and various workpiece surfaces with complex shapes, prolongs the service life of the workpiece, and is a full-production product with extremely high cost performance.
The follow-up laser shock peening device reduces parameter fluctuation caused by the existing water constraint layer application mode in a light-water coaxial mode, and improves processing stability and flexibility. The confinement and shaping of the laser beam is achieved by total reflection of the beam as it enters air from the water surface. The kinetic energy of the water is utilized to strengthen the restraint effect of the water restraint layer. The laser shock strengthening effect is improved through the three aspects, and the difficulty in implementing the automation and industrial production is reduced.
According to the technical scheme, parameter fluctuation caused by the existing water constraint layer application mode is reduced in a light-water coaxial mode, and the processing stability and flexibility are improved. Meanwhile, the restraint and the shaping of the laser beam are realized by utilizing the total reflection of the light beam when the light beam enters the air from the water surface. Finally, the kinetic energy of the water is utilized to strengthen the restraint effect of the water restraint layer. The laser shock peening effect is improved through the three aspects, and the difficulty in implementing automatic and industrial production is reduced. According to the technical scheme, the follow-up metal foil or the black tape is adopted as the absorption layer, so that the laser shock processing and the tape feeding can be realized, and the absorption is not attached to the surface of a workpiece, so that the surface of the workpiece is free from other materials, the post-processing is not needed, and the laser shock strengthening processing has the advantages of high order and high efficiency.
While the application has been described in terms of preferred embodiments, it will be understood by those skilled in the art that various changes and modifications can be made without departing from the scope of the application, and it is intended that the application is not limited to the specific embodiments disclosed.
Claims (15)
1. The follow-up laser shock strengthening device is characterized by comprising an optical path input module, a belt conveying module, a focusing module and a water spraying module;
one end of the light path input module is connected with and introduced into the light source, and the other end of the light path input module is connected with the focusing module and is communicated with the light path; the other end of the focusing module is connected with the water spraying module;
the belt feeding module comprises a motor, a transmission mechanism and an absorption belt, wherein the motor drives the absorption belt to move through the transmission mechanism, and the absorption belt passes through a water column sprayed by the water spraying module;
the motor is a synchronous motor, and the stepping frequency of the synchronous motor is consistent with the impact strengthening working frequency of the follow-up laser impact strengthening device;
each time the follow-up laser shock peening device performs a laser pulse, the synchronous motor drives the absorption belt to move for a certain distance;
the distance of each laser pulse of the absorption band is determined according to the processing requirement of a workpiece to be processed and the ablation range of a light spot irradiated by laser in the laser impact process.
2. The follow-up laser shock peening device according to claim 1, wherein the follow-up laser shock peening device comprises a controller electrically connected to the light source and the synchronous motor, the controller controlling a stepping frequency of the synchronous motor to be identical to a shock peening operation frequency of the follow-up laser shock peening device.
3. The follow-up laser shock peening device according to claim 2, wherein the follow-up laser shock peening device includes a pressure tank, a water pump, and a gas generator, the controller is electrically connected with the water pump and the gas generator, the pressure tank is connected with the water spray module waterway, and the controller controls the water pressure in the pressure tank through the water pump and the gas generator.
4. The follow-up laser shock peening apparatus according to claim 1, wherein the tape feed module includes an absorption tape fixing structure fixedly connected to a water spray outlet of the water spray module, the absorption tape fixing structure fixing a moving direction of the absorption tape at a center of a water column sprayed from the water spray module.
5. The follow-up laser shock peening device according to claim 1, wherein said absorption band tensile strength ranges from 30N/cm to 300N/cm.
6. The follow-up laser shock peening device according to claim 1, wherein the absorption band is an absorption rate of not less than 95% for laser light of at least one wavelength of 10640nm, 1064nm, 800nm, 532nm, 517nm, 355 nm.
7. The follow-up laser shock peening device according to claim 1, wherein a thickness of said absorption band is 0.01mm to 0.2mm.
8. The follow-up laser shock peening device according to claim 1, wherein the transmission mechanism includes at least one delivery wheel and at least one tension wheel.
9. The follow-up laser shock peening device according to claim 8, wherein the transmission mechanism comprises a first conveying wheel, a first tension wheel, a second conveying wheel on one side of the device, and a third conveying wheel, a second tension wheel, and a fourth conveying wheel on the other side of the device;
the absorption belt sequentially passes through the first conveying wheel, the first tensioning wheel, the second conveying wheel, the outlet end of the spray head of the water spraying module, the third conveying wheel, the second tensioning wheel and the fourth conveying wheel under the drive of the motor.
10. The follow-up laser shock peening device according to claim 1, wherein the optical path input module includes a connection plate, a positioning pin, an optical path adjustment block, an elastic adjustment sleeve, and a reflecting mirror;
the connecting plate connects the laser or the optical fiber to the elastic adjusting sleeve through the locating pin, the elastic adjusting sleeve is elastically connected to the light path adjusting block, the light path adjusting block is adjustably connected with the device, and the reflector is fixed on the device and reflects the light rays emitted by the laser or the optical fiber; the light path input module adjusts the output light path to be coaxial with the water column sprayed by the water spraying module.
11. The follow-up laser shock peening device according to claim 10, wherein said device comprises an imaging module comprising a CCD image sensor and a mounting sleeve;
the CCD image sensor is connected to the upper end of the reflecting mirror of the light path input module in a movable way along the axial direction of light rays through the mounting sleeve; the reflecting mirror transmits light to one side of the CCD image sensor, and reflects light to one side of the laser or the optical fiber.
12. The follow-up laser shock peening device according to claim 1, wherein the focusing module comprises a knob, a self-lubricating sleeve, a housing, a connecting sleeve, a focusing lens, and a focusing lens holder;
the focusing lens frame is used for fixing the focusing lens on the self-lubricating shaft sleeve; the self-lubricating shaft sleeve axially slides along the shell under the drive of the knob so as to focus light.
13. The follow-up laser shock peening apparatus according to claim 1, wherein the water spray module comprises a spray head having two slits disposed opposite to each other on a water outlet side wall thereof to form an absorption band fixing structure;
the absorption band penetrates from one gap and passes through the water column sprayed by the water spraying module and then penetrates from the other gap; the absorption band fixing structure is used for fixing the moving direction of the absorption band in the center of a water column sprayed by the water spraying module.
14. The follow-up laser shock peening device according to claim 1, wherein the water spray module comprises a protective lens, a water spray sleeve, a water inlet connection pipe, a mounting nut sleeve, and a spray head;
one end of the water spraying sleeve is fixed with the protective lens and connected with the light emergent direction of the focusing module, and the other end of the water spraying sleeve is connected with the spray head through threads by the mounting nut sleeve; the protective lens separates the water spraying module from the space of the focusing module;
the side wall of the water spraying sleeve is provided with the water inlet connecting pipe.
15. The follow-up laser shock peening device according to claim 1, wherein the device comprises an anti-collision module disposed between the focusing module and the water spray module, the anti-collision module comprising a protective collar, a mounting nut sleeve, and a nut collar;
the protection lantern ring can elastically deform, is installed between the focusing module and the water spraying module through the installation nut sleeve and the nut pressing ring, and is used for buffering the impact and vibration received by the water spraying module.
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| CN201611260752.7A CN108296639B (en) | 2016-12-30 | 2016-12-30 | Follow-up laser shock peening device |
| PCT/CN2017/073493 WO2018120361A1 (en) | 2016-12-30 | 2017-02-14 | Follow-up-type device for laser shock peening treatment |
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| CN201611260752.7A CN108296639B (en) | 2016-12-30 | 2016-12-30 | Follow-up laser shock peening device |
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| CN111906438B (en) * | 2020-06-19 | 2022-04-15 | 宁波大艾激光科技有限公司 | Follow-up laser shock peening device and method |
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| CN108296639A (en) | 2018-07-20 |
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