CN103302406B - Intra-light water delivery laser shock peening method and device - Google Patents
Intra-light water delivery laser shock peening method and device Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
本发明公开了一种光内送水激光冲击强化的方法和装置,使用水流通过设置在圆形激光束经过光路变换后形成的中空激光束内、并与中空激光束同轴的主水管底部的喷头沿整个周向喷向工件待加工区域形成稳定、厚度均匀的水约束层,从而很好地保证工件表面残余压应力均匀分布。该方法形成的水约束层不受工件表面形貌和表面质量的影响,适合于加工曲面工件,如叶片等。同时采用中空激光束也有利于显著减少工件表层的“应力洞”效应。
The invention discloses a laser shock strengthening method and device for sending water in the light. The water flow is used to pass through the spray head at the bottom of the main water pipe which is arranged in the hollow laser beam formed by the circular laser beam after the optical path transformation and coaxial with the hollow laser beam. Spray along the entire circumferential direction to the workpiece to be processed to form a stable and uniform water-constrained layer, so as to ensure the uniform distribution of residual compressive stress on the surface of the workpiece. The water-constrained layer formed by the method is not affected by the surface topography and surface quality of the workpiece, and is suitable for processing curved workpieces, such as blades and the like. At the same time, the use of hollow laser beams is also conducive to significantly reducing the "stress hole" effect on the surface of the workpiece.
Description
技术领域 technical field
本发明涉及激光加工领域,特指一种激光冲击强化的方法,以及实现这种方法的装置,适合于加工曲面工件,如叶片等。 The invention relates to the field of laser processing, in particular to a laser shock strengthening method and a device for realizing the method, which are suitable for processing curved surface workpieces, such as blades and the like.
背景技术 Background technique
激光冲击强化LSP,又叫激光喷丸,是一种新型的材料表面强化技术,利用强激光诱导的冲击波力学效应对材料进行加工,具有高压、高能、超快和超高应变率等特点。其形成的残余压应力层能有效地消除材料内部的应力集中和抑制裂纹的萌生和扩展,能够显著提高金属零件的疲劳寿命以及抗腐蚀和抗磨损能力。 Laser shock peening (LSP), also known as laser peening, is a new type of surface strengthening technology for materials. It uses strong laser-induced shock wave mechanics to process materials. It has the characteristics of high pressure, high energy, ultra-fast and ultra-high strain rate. The residual compressive stress layer formed by it can effectively eliminate the stress concentration inside the material and inhibit the initiation and expansion of cracks, and can significantly improve the fatigue life, corrosion resistance and wear resistance of metal parts.
要实现激光冲击波的力学强化效果,必须在激光冲击过程中使用约束层,约束层覆盖在工件表面,其厚度、材质的成分和性能直接影响激光冲击强化的效果。目前,国内外文献和试验中所使用的约束层介质包括K9光学玻璃、有机玻璃、硅胶、合成树脂和水等。水约束层的优点是廉价、清洁、重复效果好,可加工曲面,而且流动的水约束层可以带走等离子体爆炸后的固体粉尘颗粒,具有明显的优势,工业中激光冲击强化结构金属构件通常使用水约束层。稳定、均匀的水约束层是在工件表层形成均匀残余压应力分布,提高疲劳寿命的重要保证。 In order to achieve the mechanical strengthening effect of laser shock wave, a constrained layer must be used in the laser shock process. The constrained layer covers the surface of the workpiece, and its thickness, material composition and performance directly affect the effect of laser shock strengthening. At present, the constrained layer media used in domestic and foreign literature and experiments include K9 optical glass, plexiglass, silica gel, synthetic resin and water. The advantages of the water confinement layer are cheap, clean, good repeatability, and can process curved surfaces, and the flowing water confinement layer can take away the solid dust particles after the plasma explosion, which has obvious advantages. Laser shock strengthening structural metal components in industry is usually Use a water-bound layer. A stable and uniform water-constrained layer is an important guarantee to form a uniform residual compressive stress distribution on the surface of the workpiece and improve the fatigue life.
目前国内多采用传统水约束层的方法和装置,即通过外置水龙头的扁平喷嘴沿某一方向朝工件表面喷水,形成厚度约2-3 mm的流动水幕作为约束层。该方法的不足之处在于:为了避免加工区域出现紊流,喷水点与加工区域存在一定距离,因此不能保证工件移动过程中喷水动作与激光冲击动作的同步性,会影响加工区域水约束层的稳定性。另外,工件表面形貌和表面质量对加工区域水约束层的影响较大,当工件表面为曲面时凸面部分曲面和水约束层间容易形成空隙,从而入射激光束烧蚀工件表面,形成加工破坏,凹面部分曲面形成较厚的水膜影响激光冲击强化效果;即使当工件表面为平面时,由于不同区域表面质量的不同也会使加工区域水约束层出现紊流。 At present, the method and device of the traditional water confinement layer are mostly used in China, that is, the flat nozzle of the external faucet sprays water toward the surface of the workpiece in a certain direction to form a flowing water curtain with a thickness of about 2-3 mm as the confinement layer. The disadvantage of this method is that in order to avoid turbulence in the processing area, there is a certain distance between the water spraying point and the processing area, so the synchronization between the water spraying action and the laser impact action during the workpiece movement cannot be guaranteed, which will affect the water constraint in the processing area. layer stability. In addition, the surface morphology and surface quality of the workpiece have a great influence on the water-confined layer in the processing area. When the surface of the workpiece is a curved surface, gaps are easily formed between the curved surface of the convex surface and the water-confined layer, so that the incident laser beam ablates the surface of the workpiece, resulting in processing damage. , the formation of a thicker water film on the concave part of the curved surface affects the effect of laser shock strengthening; even when the surface of the workpiece is flat, the water confinement layer in the processing area will appear turbulent due to the difference in surface quality in different areas.
发明内容 Contents of the invention
为解决上述技术问题,本发明提供一种光内送水激光冲击强化的方法和装置,提高工区域水约束层的稳定性,避免加工破坏,提高激光冲击强化效果。 In order to solve the above-mentioned technical problems, the present invention provides a method and device for laser shock peening with internal water delivery, which improves the stability of the water-constrained layer in the construction area, avoids processing damage, and improves the effect of laser shock peening.
为了解决以上技术问题,本发明所采用的具体技术方案如下: In order to solve the above technical problems, the specific technical scheme adopted in the present invention is as follows:
一种光内送水激光冲击强化装置,包括:激光器(1)、激光器控制装置(2)、光路变换器(4)、夹具(13)、五轴工作台(14)、主水管(5)、喷头(9)、进水管(10)、水流控制器(12)和水箱(11);激光器(1)位于五轴工作台(14)对面;激光器控制装置(2)连接在激光器(1)上,控制激光器的输出脉冲能量,光斑直径以及脉冲宽度;夹具(13)安装在五轴工作台(14)上;光路变换器(4)位于激光器(1)和五轴工作台(14)之间;主水管(5)安装在光路变化器(4)上;喷头(9)与主水管(5)底部的连接口通过螺纹连接;进水管(10)一端与主水管(5)上端相连,另一端与水箱(11)相连;水流控制器(12)连接在进水管(10)上,用于控制水流的流量和压力。 A laser shock strengthening device with internal optical water supply, comprising: a laser (1), a laser control device (2), an optical path converter (4), a fixture (13), a five-axis workbench (14), a main water pipe (5), Nozzle (9), water inlet pipe (10), water flow controller (12) and water tank (11); the laser (1) is located opposite to the five-axis workbench (14); the laser control device (2) is connected to the laser (1) , to control the output pulse energy, spot diameter and pulse width of the laser; the fixture (13) is installed on the five-axis table (14); the optical path converter (4) is located between the laser (1) and the five-axis table (14) The main water pipe (5) is installed on the optical path changer (4); the nozzle (9) is threadedly connected with the connection port at the bottom of the main water pipe (5); One end is connected to the water tank (11); the water flow controller (12) is connected to the water inlet pipe (10) for controlling the flow and pressure of the water flow.
所述主水管(5)为不锈钢制,上端密封,底部和上侧设置有连接口,并与中空激光束同轴。 The main water pipe (5) is made of stainless steel, the upper end is sealed, the bottom and the upper side are provided with connecting ports, and is coaxial with the hollow laser beam.
所述喷头(9)的工作面为顶角是170°的圆锥面,出水口宽度D为1-2 mm。 The working surface of the nozzle (9) is a conical surface with an apex angle of 170°, and the width D of the water outlet is 1-2 mm.
所述水流控制器(12)用于控制水流压力值范围在0.1-0.3 MPa,同时控制水流的喷水周期与激光冲击的周期一致。 The water flow controller (12) is used to control the pressure range of the water flow in the range of 0.1-0.3 MPa, and at the same time control the spray cycle of the water flow to be consistent with the cycle of the laser shock.
一种利用所述光内送水激光冲击强化装置对光内送水激光冲击强化的方法,其特征在于:水流通过设置在圆形激光束经过光路变换后形成的中空激光束内、并与中空激光束同轴的主水管底部的喷头沿整个周向喷向工件形成厚度均匀的水约束层,使所述水约束层不受工件表面形貌和表面质量的影响,具体包括以下步骤: A method of using the laser shock strengthening device for sending water inside the light to send water inside the light for laser shock strengthening, characterized in that: the water flow is arranged in the hollow laser beam formed after the circular laser beam undergoes optical path conversion, and is combined with the hollow laser beam The nozzles at the bottom of the coaxial main water pipe spray toward the workpiece along the entire circumference to form a water-constrained layer with uniform thickness, so that the water-constrained layer is not affected by the surface morphology and surface quality of the workpiece, specifically including the following steps:
步骤一,打开激光器,通过激光器控制装置设定激光器的输出脉冲能量,光斑直径以及脉冲宽度; Step 1, turn on the laser, and set the output pulse energy, spot diameter and pulse width of the laser through the laser control device;
步骤二,通过光路变换器将圆形激光束转换为中空激光束,所述中空激光束与主水管同轴并且不与主水管发生干涉,中空激光束的内径与喷头外径相等; Step 2, converting the circular laser beam into a hollow laser beam through an optical path converter, the hollow laser beam is coaxial with the main water pipe and does not interfere with the main water pipe, and the inner diameter of the hollow laser beam is equal to the outer diameter of the nozzle;
步骤三,关闭激光器,将工件表面涂上吸收层后安装在五轴工作台的夹具上,然后通过五轴工作台移动工件,使其待加工区域与喷头底面的距离为 , L是喷头上部底面半径比下部底面半径大出来的量; Step 3, turn off the laser, coat the surface of the workpiece with an absorbing layer and install it on the fixture of the five-axis workbench, and then move the workpiece through the five-axis workbench so that the distance between the area to be processed and the bottom surface of the nozzle is , L is the amount that the radius of the upper bottom surface of the nozzle is larger than the radius of the lower bottom surface;
步骤四,打开水箱开关,通过水流控制器调节水流压力,使工件待加工区域表面形成稳定、厚度为1-2 mm且均匀分布的水约束层,然后再设定喷水周期,保证喷水动作与激光冲击动作的同步性; Step 4, turn on the switch of the water tank, adjust the water flow pressure through the water flow controller, so that a stable, 1-2 mm thick and evenly distributed water confinement layer is formed on the surface of the workpiece to be processed, and then set the water spray cycle to ensure the water spray action Synchronization with laser shock action;
步骤五,打开激光器开始对工件表面进行激光冲击强化,通过五轴工作台控制工件的移动和转动完成对整个工件表面的强化。 Step five, turn on the laser to start laser shock strengthening on the surface of the workpiece, and control the movement and rotation of the workpiece through the five-axis workbench to complete the strengthening of the entire workpiece surface.
水流通过喷头沿水管底部整个圆周方向呈圆锥面喷出,圆锥面的顶角范围为150°-180°。 The water flow is sprayed out along the entire circumference of the bottom of the water pipe in the form of a conical surface through the nozzle, and the apex angle of the conical surface ranges from 150° to 180°.
本发明的创新之处在于,水流从中空激光束内喷向加工区域形成水约束层,其喷水点与加工区域紧邻,通过设置喷水周期和激光冲击周期,能有效保证工件移动过程中喷水动作与激光冲击动作的同步性;同时,该方法形成的水约束层稳定性和均匀性不受加工区域外工件表面形貌和表面质量的影响,能有效解决加工曲面工件时水约束层稳定性和均匀性的问题。 The innovation of the present invention is that the water flow is sprayed from the hollow laser beam to the processing area to form a water confinement layer, and the water spraying point is close to the processing area. The synchronization of water action and laser shock action; at the same time, the stability and uniformity of the water-constrained layer formed by this method are not affected by the surface morphology and surface quality of the workpiece outside the processing area, which can effectively solve the problem of the stability of the water-constrained layer when processing curved surface workpieces. issues of homogeneity and homogeneity.
本发明的有益效果如下:采用中空激光进行激光冲击强化能够显著减少工件表层的“应力洞”效应,有利于工件表层残余压应力的均匀分布;水流通过主水管底部的喷头沿整个周向均匀喷出,通过控制水流的流量和压力就可以在工件表面很小的待加工区域形成厚度均匀的水约束层,从而使工件表层产生均匀的残余压应力,而不会受工件表面形貌和表面质量的影响。 The beneficial effects of the present invention are as follows: the use of hollow laser for laser shock strengthening can significantly reduce the "stress hole" effect on the surface of the workpiece, which is beneficial to the uniform distribution of residual compressive stress on the surface of the workpiece; It is shown that by controlling the flow and pressure of the water flow, a water-constrained layer with uniform thickness can be formed in the small area to be processed on the surface of the workpiece, so that the surface of the workpiece can generate uniform residual compressive stress without being affected by the surface morphology and surface quality of the workpiece. Impact.
附图说明 Description of drawings
为了更清楚地说明本申请实施例或现有技术中的技术方案,下面将对实施例或现有技术描述中所需要使用的附图作简单地介绍。 In order to more clearly illustrate the technical solutions in the embodiments of the present application or the prior art, the following briefly introduces the drawings that are required in the description of the embodiments or the prior art.
图1所示为光内送水激光冲击强化的示意图。 Figure 1 is a schematic diagram of laser shock peening of water delivered in the light.
图中:1. 激光器,2. 激光器控制装置,3. 圆形激光束,4. 光路变化器,5. 主水管,6. 中空激光束,7. 工件,8. 吸收层,9. 喷头,10.进水管,11. 水箱,12. 水流控制器,13. 夹具,14. 五轴工作台。 In the figure: 1. Laser, 2. Laser control device, 3. Circular laser beam, 4. Optical path changer, 5. Main water pipe, 6. Hollow laser beam, 7. Workpiece, 8. Absorbing layer, 9. Nozzle, 10. Water inlet pipe, 11. Water tank, 12. Water flow controller, 13. Fixture, 14. Five-axis table.
图2为喷头结构示意图。 Figure 2 is a schematic diagram of the nozzle structure.
图中:15. 连接螺纹,16. 进水口,17. 锥形出水口,18. 连接杆。 In the figure: 15. connecting thread, 16. water inlet, 17. tapered water outlet, 18. connecting rod.
具体实施方式 Detailed ways
下面结合附图详细描述一下本发明的具体内容。 The specific content of the present invention will be described in detail below in conjunction with the accompanying drawings.
实施例一: Embodiment one:
一种光内送水激光冲击强化的装置,如图1所示,包括:激光器1、激光器控制装置2、光路变换器4、夹具13、五轴工作台14、主水管5、喷头9、进水管10、水流控制器12和水箱11;其中喷头9结构如图2所示,包括:连接螺纹15、进水口16、锥形出水口17、连接杆18。 A device for laser shock strengthening with internal optical water supply, as shown in Figure 1, comprising: a laser 1, a laser control device 2, an optical path converter 4, a fixture 13, a five-axis workbench 14, a main water pipe 5, a nozzle 9, and a water inlet pipe 10. A water flow controller 12 and a water tank 11; the structure of the nozzle 9 is shown in FIG.
夹具13安装在五轴工作台14上;激光器1位于五轴工作台14对面;激光器控制装置2连接在激光器1上,控制激光器的输出脉冲能量,光斑直径以及脉冲宽度;光路变换器4位于激光器1和五轴工作台14之间,用于将圆形激光束3变换为中空激光束6;主水管5安装在光路变化器4上;喷头9与主水管5底部的连接口通过螺纹连接;进水管10一端与主水管5上侧的连接口通过螺纹连接,另一端与水箱11连接;水流控制器12连接在进水管10上,用于控制水流的流量和压力;喷头9的上、下两部分通过连接杆18焊接在一起,形成锥形的出水口17,其上端有连接螺纹15,中间为进水口16。 The fixture 13 is installed on the five-axis table 14; the laser 1 is located opposite to the five-axis table 14; the laser control device 2 is connected to the laser 1 to control the output pulse energy, spot diameter and pulse width of the laser; the optical path converter 4 is located on the laser Between 1 and the five-axis workbench 14, it is used to transform the circular laser beam 3 into a hollow laser beam 6; the main water pipe 5 is installed on the optical path changer 4; the nozzle 9 is connected with the connection port at the bottom of the main water pipe 5 through threads; One end of the water inlet pipe 10 is threadedly connected to the connection port on the upper side of the main water pipe 5, and the other end is connected to the water tank 11; the water flow controller 12 is connected to the water inlet pipe 10 to control the flow and pressure of the water flow; The two parts are welded together by a connecting rod 18 to form a tapered water outlet 17 with a connecting thread 15 at the upper end and a water inlet 16 in the middle.
实施例二: Embodiment two:
实施光内送水激光冲击强化的具体步骤为: The specific steps to implement the laser shock strengthening of water delivery in the light are as follows:
(1) 打开激光器1,通过激光器控制装置2设定激光器1的输出脉冲能量6 J,光斑直径3 mm以及脉冲宽度20 ns; (1) Turn on the laser 1, set the output pulse energy of the laser 1 to 6 J, the spot diameter to 3 mm and the pulse width to 20 ns through the laser control device 2;
(2) 通过光路变换器2将圆形激光束3转换为中空激光束6,要求该中空激光束6与主水管5同轴并且不与主水管5发生干涉,中空激光束6的内径与喷头9的外径相等,均为4 mm; (2) The circular laser beam 3 is converted into a hollow laser beam 6 through the optical path converter 2. The hollow laser beam 6 is required to be coaxial with the main water pipe 5 and not interfere with the main water pipe 5. The inner diameter of the hollow laser beam 6 is the same as that of the nozzle The outer diameters of 9 are equal, both are 4 mm;
(3) 关闭激光器1,将工件7表面涂上吸收层8后安装在五轴工作台14的夹具13上,然后选择喷头出水口宽度D为1 mm,L为1.2 mm,根据公式通过五轴工作台14移动工件7,使其待加工区域与喷头9底面的距离为0.1 mm; (3) Turn off the laser 1, coat the surface of the workpiece 7 with the absorbing layer 8 and install it on the fixture 13 of the five-axis workbench 14, and then select the nozzle width D to be 1 mm and L to be 1.2 mm, according to the formula Move the workpiece 7 through the five-axis worktable 14, so that the distance between the area to be processed and the bottom surface of the nozzle 9 is 0.1 mm;
(4) 打开水箱11的开关,通过水流控制器12调节水流的压力为0.1MPa,水流通过喷头沿水管底部整个圆周方向呈圆锥面喷出,圆锥面的顶角为150°,使工件7待加工区域表面形成稳定、厚度为1-2 mm且均匀分布的水约束层,然后再设定喷水周期,保证喷水动作与激光冲击动作的同步性; (4) Turn on the switch of the water tank 11, adjust the pressure of the water flow through the water flow controller 12 to 0.1MPa, and the water flow will be sprayed out in a conical surface along the entire circumference of the bottom of the water pipe through the nozzle, and the apex angle of the conical surface is 150°, so that the workpiece 7 A stable, uniformly distributed water confinement layer with a thickness of 1-2 mm is formed on the surface of the processing area, and then the water spray cycle is set to ensure the synchronization of the water spray action and the laser impact action;
(5) 打开激光器1开始对工件7表面进行激光冲击强化,通过五轴工作台14控制工件7的移动和转动完成对整个工件7表面的强化。 (5) Turn on the laser 1 to start laser shock strengthening on the surface of the workpiece 7, and control the movement and rotation of the workpiece 7 through the five-axis worktable 14 to complete the strengthening of the entire surface of the workpiece 7.
实施例三: Embodiment three:
将实施例二中的喷头出水口宽度D设为1.5 mm,水流的压力设为0.2 MPa,圆锥面的顶角为170°,其它方法和步骤不变。 Set the width D of the water outlet of the nozzle in Example 2 to 1.5 mm, the pressure of the water flow to 0.2 MPa, the apex angle of the conical surface to 170°, and other methods and steps remain unchanged.
实施例四: Embodiment four:
将实施例二中的喷头出水口宽度D设为2 mm,水流的压力设为0.3 MPa,圆锥面的顶角为180°,其它方法和步骤不变。 Set the width D of the water outlet of the nozzle in Example 2 to 2 mm, the pressure of the water flow to 0.3 MPa, the apex angle of the conical surface to 180°, and other methods and steps to remain unchanged.
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CN103555928B (en) * | 2013-10-10 | 2015-09-02 | 北京航空航天大学 | A kind of vehicle-mounted laser shock peening device |
CN103526008A (en) * | 2013-10-14 | 2014-01-22 | 江苏大学 | Laser shock wave reinforcing method and apparatus |
CN103740894A (en) * | 2013-12-31 | 2014-04-23 | 唐山轨道客车有限责任公司 | Laser shock strengthening device and water spray pipe thereof |
CN104164538B (en) | 2014-07-16 | 2017-02-22 | 江苏大学 | Laser shock reinforcing method for obtaining large area uniform surface morphology |
CN108296639B (en) * | 2016-12-30 | 2023-10-24 | 宁波大艾激光科技有限公司 | Follow-up laser shock peening device |
CN108329054B (en) * | 2018-01-19 | 2021-02-05 | 天津科技大学 | Laser water jet heat treatment method for ceramic materials |
CN111822888B (en) * | 2019-04-22 | 2021-11-16 | 中国科学院沈阳自动化研究所 | A laser processing device for parabolic streamline holes |
CN112501425B (en) * | 2020-11-27 | 2021-08-27 | 山东大学 | Laser surface strengthening method with inverse Gaussian distribution shock wave intensity |
CN112935546B (en) * | 2021-03-17 | 2022-09-16 | 中国科学院宁波材料技术与工程研究所 | Laser shock welding device based on direct impact type constraint layer |
CN113088677B (en) * | 2021-04-08 | 2022-06-28 | 中国航发北京航空材料研究院 | Water confinement layer device of laser shock peening technology and measuring method thereof |
CN113732514B (en) * | 2021-08-10 | 2023-08-22 | 中国航发常州兰翔机械有限责任公司 | Laser shock strengthening method and system for hyperboloid welding area at bottom of tail nozzle |
CN115194333B (en) * | 2022-06-08 | 2025-05-13 | 中国人民解放军空军工程大学 | Laser shock strengthening method, system, medium and equipment for large hole inner wall based on dynamic control of beam polarization |
CN115386687A (en) * | 2022-09-21 | 2022-11-25 | 中国航空制造技术研究院 | A corner edge laser shock strengthening method and auxiliary device |
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US6215097B1 (en) * | 1994-12-22 | 2001-04-10 | General Electric Company | On the fly laser shock peening |
DE60024840T2 (en) * | 1999-07-19 | 2006-08-31 | The Regents Of The University Of California, Oakland | FORMING METALS BY LASER SHOOTING RAYS |
CN100431768C (en) * | 2005-08-31 | 2008-11-12 | 江苏大学 | Method and device for measuring related parameter of underwater laser shock formation |
CN100409994C (en) * | 2005-10-14 | 2008-08-13 | 江苏大学 | Method and device for pressurization of water-constrained layer based on laser shock technology |
US8330070B2 (en) * | 2006-05-11 | 2012-12-11 | Kabushiki Kaisha Toshiba | Laser shock hardening method and apparatus |
CN101787528B (en) * | 2010-02-09 | 2012-11-07 | 江苏大学 | Nano coating preparation device based on ultrafast ultrahigh pressure photodynamics effect |
CN103143593A (en) * | 2011-12-07 | 2013-06-12 | 江苏大学 | Laser shock wave metal plate reshaping method and device |
CN102901679A (en) * | 2012-09-19 | 2013-01-30 | 上海交通大学 | Laser impact effect based device and method for detecting dynamic hardness of material |
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