CN108290788B - 具有固体填料组分的接触层 - Google Patents

具有固体填料组分的接触层 Download PDF

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Publication number
CN108290788B
CN108290788B CN201680068091.XA CN201680068091A CN108290788B CN 108290788 B CN108290788 B CN 108290788B CN 201680068091 A CN201680068091 A CN 201680068091A CN 108290788 B CN108290788 B CN 108290788B
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China
Prior art keywords
contact layer
layer according
solid filler
substrate
concrete
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CN201680068091.XA
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English (en)
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CN108290788A (zh
Inventor
H·阿克曼
F·赫福林
R·罗尔
L·古特亚尔
R·兹洛特兹
S·舒恩布洛特
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Sika Technology AG
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Sika Technology AG
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    • E04BUILDING
    • E04BGENERAL BUILDING CONSTRUCTIONS; WALLS, e.g. PARTITIONS; ROOFS; FLOORS; CEILINGS; INSULATION OR OTHER PROTECTION OF BUILDINGS
    • E04B1/00Constructions in general; Structures which are not restricted either to walls, e.g. partitions, or floors or ceilings or roofs
    • E04B1/62Insulation or other protection; Elements or use of specified material therefor
    • E04B1/66Sealings
    • E04B1/665Sheets or foils impervious to water and water vapor
    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B28WORKING CEMENT, CLAY, OR STONE
    • B28BSHAPING CLAY OR OTHER CERAMIC COMPOSITIONS; SHAPING SLAG; SHAPING MIXTURES CONTAINING CEMENTITIOUS MATERIAL, e.g. PLASTER
    • B28B19/00Machines or methods for applying the material to surfaces to form a permanent layer thereon
    • B28B19/0046Machines or methods for applying the material to surfaces to form a permanent layer thereon to plastics
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Abstract

本发明涉及一种用于防水和屋顶应用的接触层。该接触层包含固体填料组分F和热塑性聚合物组分P。本发明还涉及用于制备该接触层的方法,用于将两个基材彼此粘结的方法,用于使基材防水的方法,防水的结构,用于密封表面防止水渗透的方法,用于密封基材防止水渗透的密封结构以及接触层作为防水膜的用途。

Description

具有固体填料组分的接触层
技术领域
本发明涉及用于建筑行业中的接触层,例如用于地下室、屋顶和隧道应用以保护混凝土结构防止水渗透。
发明背景
防水膜通常用于建筑行业,用于密封地基、地下表面或建筑物以防止水渗透。
现有技术的防水膜是包含基于聚合物的阻隔层作为主要层的多层系统以提供水密性。在阻隔层中使用的典型聚合物包括热塑性材料例如增塑聚氯乙烯(p-PVC)和热塑性聚烯烃(TPO)或弹性体例如乙烯-丙烯二烯单体(EPDM)和交联的氯磺化聚乙烯(CSPE)。基于聚合物的阻隔层的缺点之一是它们差的结合性能;它们通常对建筑业中常用的粘合剂(例如环氧粘合剂、聚氨酯粘合剂和水泥基组合物)显示低的结合强度。因此,通常使用接触层(例如绒毛衬垫(fleece backing))来提供基于聚合物的阻隔层和要被防水的结构的充分结合。
与多层防水膜相关的主要挑战之一是在阻隔层发生渗漏的情况下确保渗透后的水密性。渗透后的水密性一般意味着密封结构应该能够防止渗入的水渗入膜和防水表面之间的空间。阻隔层中的泄漏可能是向内生长的树根、材料失效或指向膜的拉伸或剪切力的结果。如果渗透后水密性丧失,水可以横向流到膜下方并侵入建筑结构的内部。在这种情况下,阻隔层泄漏的确切位置也难以检测到。
US8793862B2描述了一种防水膜,其包含阻隔层、设置在阻隔层一侧上的复合层和在阻隔层和复合层之间的密封剂网络。据称该密封剂网络限制了阻隔层内漏水情况下渗透水影响的面积大小。在防水应用中,将膜以这样的方式施加在下表面,使得阻隔层对准混凝土基底并且复合层面向膜上浇注的混凝土。在固化期间,复合层通过液体混凝土渗透,与固化的混凝土形成良好的结合。
US2015/0231863A1公开了一种防水膜,其包括阻隔层和包括热塑性聚合物的功能层,其在高碱性介质和粘合剂的影响下改变稠度。一旦功能层与液体混凝土接触,则热塑性聚合物溶解并且允许粘合剂与浇筑混凝土结合。该功能层可以额外地包含其它热塑性聚合物、填料或混凝土成分。据称功能层的构造使得能够在不利的气候条件下使用膜来工作而不降低膜的粘合能力。
现有技术多层防水膜的一个缺点与使用粘合剂相关,这增加了膜构建的复杂性并且因此增加了这种膜的生产成本。该粘合剂必须提供与阻隔层中的低表面能聚合物的良好粘结,与接触层和新鲜混凝土形成牢固的粘结,并且对变化的温度范围、UV辐射和氧化具有良好的耐受性。如果可用的话,满足所有要求的粘结剂是昂贵的,并因此使这种膜的生产成本大大增加。
现有技术多层防水膜的另一个缺点涉及使用绒毛衬垫作为接触层,以在膜和要被防水的基材之间提供足够结合。在防水和屋顶应用中,相邻的膜片必须以可靠的方式彼此均匀地连接以确保密封结构的水密性。具有绒毛衬垫的膜不能通过热焊接接合,而是必须用粘合剂或用粘附在接缝顶部和/或接缝下面的密封带将膜的边缘粘结在一起。使用粘合剂或密封带来连接相邻的膜片会使安装过程复杂化并增加应用成本。
发明概述
本发明的目的是提供一种接触层,其可以在不使用粘合剂的情况下连接到热塑性层上。
另一个目的是提供一种接触层,其在不使用粘合剂固化之后完全并且永久地粘结到混凝土和其它水泥基组合物上。
本发明的再一个目的是提供一种接触层,其具有良好的热焊接性能。
根据本发明,前述目的使用根据权利要求1的接触层实现。
本发明的主要构思是接触层包含固体填料组分和热塑性聚合物组分,其中固体填料组分的量为至少10.0wt%,基于接触层的总重量计。固体填料组分和热塑性聚合物组分的组合使得接触层能够与热塑性层粘结并且在固化后与混凝土和其它水泥基组合物形成永久的粘结。
本发明的优点之一是接触层可以在不使用粘合剂的情况下与热塑性层和水泥基组合物粘结。这使得能够使用防水和屋顶膜,该膜构造简单并且其因此与现有技术膜相比可以较低的成本制备。
本发明的另一个优点是接触层具有良好的热焊接性能,这意味着相邻的接触层或包含接触层的热塑性膜可以通过热焊接均匀地结合,而不使用粘合剂或密封带来粘结重叠的膜片。
在本发明的另一个方面,提供了制备接触层的方法,用于将基材粘结在一起的方法,用于使基材防水的方法,防水结构,用于密封基材的方法,密封的结构和接触层的用途。
发明详述
术语“聚合物”是指一组通过聚合反应(聚加成、加聚、缩聚)制备的化学均匀的大分子的集合,其中大分子的不同在于它们的聚合度、分子量和链长。该术语还包含由聚合反应得到的大分子的所述集合的衍生物,即通过例如加成或取代预定大分子中官能团的反应获得的化合物,并且其可以是化学上均匀或化学上不均匀的。
术语“聚合物组分”是指包含一种或多种聚合物的聚合物组合物。
术语“惰性矿物填料”是指非化学反应性的矿物填料。它们由天然矿物来源通过采矿,随后粉碎成所需的粒径和形状来制备。特别地,惰性矿物填料包括砂、碳酸钙、结晶二氧化硅、白云石、粘土、滑石、云母、硅灰石、重晶石、珍珠岩、硅藻土、浮石和蛭石。
作为矿物填料的碳酸钙在本文中被理解为通过研磨和/或沉淀由白垩、石灰石或大理石制备的方解石填料。
术语“砂”是指矿物碎屑沉积物(碎屑岩),它们是圆形或有棱角的小颗粒的松散的砾岩(松散的沉积物),其在机械和化学降解过程中从原始颗粒结构分离并运输至其沉积点,所述沉积物具有大于50wt%、特别是大于75wt%、特别优选大于85wt%的SiO2含量。
术语“矿物粘结剂”表示在水存在下在水合反应中反应形成固体水合物或水合物相的粘结剂。特别地,术语“矿物粘结剂”是指非水合矿物粘结剂,即未与水混合并在水合反应中反应的矿物粘结剂。
术语“水硬性粘结剂”是指由于与水发生化学反应而固化(“水合反应”)并产生不溶于水的水合物的物质。特别地,水硬性粘结剂的水合反应基本不取决于水含量进行。这意味着水硬性粘结剂即使暴露于水,例如在水中或在高湿度条件下也能固化并保持其强度。水硬性粘结剂的实例包括水泥、水泥熟料和水硬性石灰。相反,诸如空气熟石灰(非水硬性石灰)和石膏的“非水硬性粘结剂”至少部分是水溶性的并且必须保持干燥以保持其强度。
术语“石膏”是指任何已知形式的石膏,特别是二水合硫酸钙、α-半水合硫酸钙、β-半水合硫酸钙或无水硫酸钙或其混合物。
术语“潜在水硬性粘结剂”是指根据DIN EN 206-1:2000的具有潜在水硬特性的特定II型混凝土添加剂。这些材料是不能直接固化或当与水混合时固化太慢的硅铝酸钙。在碱性活化剂的存在下,固化过程被加速,该碱性活化剂破坏了粘合剂的无定形(或玻璃质)相中的化学键并促进离子物质的溶解以及硅铝酸钙水合物相的形成。潜在水硬性粘结剂的实例包括粒状高炉矿渣。
术语“火山灰型粘结剂”特别是指根据DIN EN 206-1:2000的具有火山灰特性的II型混凝土添加剂。这些材料是与水和氢氧化钙反应形成硫酸钙水合物或硅铝酸钙水合物相的硅质或铝硅酸盐化合物。火山灰型粘结剂包括天然火山灰,如粗面凝灰岩和人造火山灰,如飞灰和硅灰。
术语“水泥”指经研磨的水硬性粘结剂,除水硬性粘结剂作为主要成分外,其通常含有少量硫酸钙(石膏和/或半水合物和/或硬石膏),以及任选的次要组分和/或水泥添加剂如研磨助剂。其主要成分含量超过5wt%。该主要成分可以是波特兰水泥熟料(也被称作熟料或水泥熟料)、矿渣砂、天然或人造火山灰、飞灰,例如硅质或钙质飞灰、燃烧页岩、石灰石和/或硅灰。作为次要成分,该水泥可以含有高达5wt%的精细粉碎的无机、矿物物质,其源自熟料制备。
术语“水泥基的组合物”是指混凝土、喷射混凝土、水泥浆、砂浆、糊或其组合。术语“糊”、“砂浆”、“混凝土”、“喷射混凝土”和“水泥浆”是现有技术众所周知的术语。糊是包含可水合的水泥粘结剂(通常是波特兰水泥、砖石水泥或砂浆水泥)的混合物。砂浆是额外地包括细集料例如砂子的糊。混凝土是额外地包括粗集料,例如碎石子或石头的砂浆。喷射混凝土是通过软管输送并以高速气动注射到表面上的混凝土(或有时是砂浆)。水泥浆是一种特别可流动形式的用于填补空隙的混凝土。水泥基的组合物可以通过混合所需量的某些组分来形成,所述组分例如为可水合的水泥、水和细集料和/或粗集料,以制备特定的水泥基组合物。
术语“新鲜的水泥基组合物”或“液体水泥基组合物”是指在固化前,特别是在硬化之前的水泥基组合物。
在本发明的第一方面,本发明涉及包含固体填料组分F和热塑性聚合物组分P的接触层,其中固体填料组分F的量为10.0-90.0wt%、优选15.0-80.0wt%、更优选20.0-75.0wt%、最优选25.0-70.00wt%,基于接触层的总重量计。特别地,固体填料组分F的量为30.0-70.0wt%、优选35.0-70.0wt%、最优选35.0-65.0wt%,基于接触层的总重量计。
接触层通常是具有由外围边缘限定的顶部和底部表面(接触层的第一和第二表面)的片状元件。
优选地,热塑性聚合物组分P具有25-250℃、优选55–225℃、更优选60-200℃、最优选65-150℃的熔点。发现热塑性聚合物组分P的熔点在上述提及范围中的接触层提供了特别良好的混凝土粘合强度。
术语“熔点”是指根据ISO 11357标准通过动态示差量热法(DSC)测量的曲线的最大值。在熔点处,材料经受由固态至液态的转变。该测量可以使用Mettler Toledo 822e装置以2摄氏度/分钟的加热速率进行。熔点值可以在DSC软件的帮助下由测量的DSC曲线测量。
固体填料组分F优选在接触层中优选均匀地遍布热塑性聚合物组分P中分散以确保接触层的性能不沿着膜的长度显著地改变。
填料组分F优选在接触层中作为不连续的基于颗粒的相存在,其分散在热塑性聚合物组分P的连续相中。
优选地,接触层具有至少5N/50mm,更优选至少10N/50mm,甚至更优选至少15N/50mm,甚至更优选至少20N/50mm,最优选至少30N/50mm的混凝土粘合强度。特别地,该接触层具有至少40N/50mm,优选至少45N/50mm,更优选至少50N/50mm,甚至更优选至少55N/50mm,最优选至少60N/50mm的混凝土粘合强度。
优选地,该接触层具有10-400N/50mm范围的混凝土粘合强度,更优选15-350N/50mm,甚至更优选20-300N/50mm,最优选30-250N/50mm。
术语“接触层的混凝土粘合强度”是指在由混凝土试样的表面剥离该接触层时,接触层的每单位宽度的平均抗剥离力[N/mm],该接触层已经在接触层的表面上浇注并在标准大气(空气温度23℃,相对空气湿度50%)下固化28天。
在本发明的上下文中,接触层的混凝土粘合强度使用以下描述的测量方法确定。
用于测定接触层的混凝土粘合强度的方法
为了测定混凝土粘合强度,使接触层粘结至可获自Sika的基于聚乙烯的阻隔层WT1210 HE以获得测试膜,其可以用于由固化的混凝土试样测量平均抗剥离力。阻隔层的厚度大约为0.5mm。阻隔层可以通过焊接或通过用任何适合于该目的的粘合剂(例如可获自Sika的Sikadur-31 CF)粘合而粘结至接触层。
为了测量平均抗剥离力,首先制备具有粘附在其表面上的测试膜样品的混凝土测试试样。
首先由测试膜切割下具有200mm(长度)x50mm(宽度)尺寸的样品膜。接触层侧上的样品膜的一个边缘用长度为50mm且与宽度样品膜的宽度一致的胶带覆盖,以防止与固化的混凝土粘合。使用该胶带使混凝土测试试样更容易安装到抗剥离力测试仪上。将样品膜置于尺寸为200mm(长)×50mm(宽)×30mm(高)的框架中,其中样品膜的接触层面向上并且阻隔层顶靠着框架的底部。
为了制备混凝土试样,通过将92.06wt%的MC 0.45型混凝土干批料与7.73wt%的水和0.21wt%的Sikament-12S在转鼓混合器中混合5分钟制备新鲜混凝土配方。MC 0.45型混凝土干批料含有17.21wt%的CEM I 42.5N水泥(优选Normo 4,Holcim)和74.84wt%的集料,该集料含有3.0wt%的Nekafill-15(来自KFN)混凝土添加剂(石灰石填料)、24.0wt%的粒径为0-1mm的砂、36.0wt%的粒径为1-4mm的砂和37wt%的粒径为4-8mm的碎石。在与水和Sikament-12S共混之前,在转鼓混合器中将该混凝土干批料均化5分钟。
随后用新鲜混凝土配方填充含有样品膜的框架并且振动两分钟以释放夹带的空气。在固化一天之后,在测量平均抗剥离力之前,将混凝土试样从框架上剥离并储存在标准气氛(空气温度23℃,相对空气湿度50%)中28天。
使用装配有Zwick Roell 90°剥离设备的Zwick Roell AllroundLine Z010材料测试装置或使用满足DIN EN 1372标准要求的类似的测试装置测量在将样品膜由混凝土试样的表面剥离后的平均抗剥离力。
在抗剥离力测试中,在包含样品膜胶带部分的混凝土试样的末端用材料测试装置的上夹头夹紧混凝土试样10mm的长度。随后,将样品膜以90°的剥离角度和100±10mm/min的恒定横梁速度由混凝土试样的表面剥离。在抗剥离力测试期间,辊的距离优选为大约570mm。持续剥离样品膜直至由混凝土试样的表面剥离大约140mm长度的样品膜。计算剥离大约70mm长度期间每单位膜宽度的平均剥离力[N/50mm]作为平均抗剥离力,因此由计算中排除总剥离长度的第一个和最后一个四分之一长度。
固体填料组分F优选选自有机填料、惰性矿物填料和矿物粘结剂以及其混合物。更优选固体填料组分F选自惰性矿物填料和矿物粘结剂以及其混合物。
根据一个实施方案,固体填料组分F由惰性矿物填料组成。惰性矿物填料优选选自砂、碳酸钙、结晶二氧化硅、白云石、粘土、滑石、云母、硅灰石、重晶石、珍珠岩、硅藻土、浮石和蛭石以及它们的混合物。
优选地,该固体填料组分F包含至少一种选自水硬性粘结剂、非水硬性粘结剂、潜在水硬性粘结剂、火山灰型粘结剂以及其混合物的矿物粘结剂。该固体填料组分F可以进一步包含惰性矿物填料,例如砂、碳酸钙、结晶二氧化硅或滑石。优选地,固体填料组分F含有至少60.0wt%,更优选至少70.0wt%,甚至更优选至少80.0wt%,最优选至少90.0wt%的矿物粘结剂。
固体填料组分F优选包含水硬性粘结剂,特别是水泥或水泥熟料。固体填料组分F可以进一步包含潜在水硬性粘结剂和/或火山灰型粘结剂,优选矿渣和/或飞灰。根据一个实施方案,固体填料组分F含有5.0-50.0wt%、优选5.0-40.0wt%、更优选5.0-30.0wt%的潜在水硬性粘结剂和/或火山灰型粘结剂,优选矿渣和/或飞灰以及至少35.0wt%、更优选至少65.0wt%的水硬性粘结剂,优选水泥或水泥熟料。
优选地,固体填料组分F为水硬性粘结剂,优选水泥。
水泥可以是任何常规的水泥,例如,根据DIN EN 197-1的五种主要水泥类型之一:即波特兰水泥(CEM I)、波特兰复合水泥(CEM II)、高炉水泥(CEM III)、火山灰水泥(CEMIV)和复合水泥(CEM V)。取决于添加的量这些主要水泥的类型被细分成额外的27种水泥类型,其是本领域技术人员已知的并且在DIN EN 197-1中列出。自然地,根据另一标准生产的所有其他水泥也是合适的,例如根据ASTM标准或印度标准。就在此提及的根据DIN标准的水泥类型而言,这当然也涉及根据另一种水泥标准生产的相应水泥组合物。
固体填料组分F优选以精细粉碎颗粒的形式,以获得具有均匀表面特性的接触层。术语“精细粉碎的颗粒”是指中值粒径d50不超过500μm的颗粒。术语中值粒径d50是指所有颗粒以体积计的50%小于d50值的粒径。
术语“粒径”是指颗粒的面积上等价的(area-equivalent)球形直径。粒径分布可以根据标准ISO 13320:2009中所述的方法通过激光衍射来测量。为了测定粒径分布,将粒子悬浮在水中(湿分散法)。在粒径分布的测量中可以使用Mastersizer 2000设备(MalvernInstruments Ltd,GB的商标)。
优选地,固体填料组分F的中值粒径d50为1.0–300.0μm,更优选1.5–250.0μm,甚至更优选2.0–200.0μm,最优选2.0–150.0μm。
优选地,小于40wt%、更优选小于30wt%、甚至更优选小于20wt%、最优选小于10wt%的固体填料组分F的颗粒具有小于5μm的粒径,和优选地小于40wt%、更优选小于30wt%、甚至更优选小于20wt%、最优选小于10wt%的固体填料组分F的颗粒具有大于100μm的粒径。
优选地,固体填料组分F的整体粒径(至少98%的颗粒)小于250μm,更优选小于200μm,甚至更优选小于100μm。
在接触层中增加热塑性聚合物组分P的量增加了接触层粘结到热塑性层上去的粘合强度。然而,增加热塑性聚合物组分P的量超过某一程度也趋于降低接触层的混凝土粘合强度。
优选,热塑性聚合物组分P的量为10.0-90.0wt%、优选15.0-80.0wt%、更优选20.0-75.0wt%、最优选25.0-70.0wt%,基于接触层的总重量计。特别地,热塑性聚合物组分P的量为30.0-70.0wt%、优选35.0-70.0wt%、最优选35.0–65.0wt%,基于接触层的总重量计。
原则上,任何类型的热塑性聚合物组分均适用于组合物中。优选地,热塑性聚合物组分P包含选自乙烯-乙酸乙烯酯共聚物(EVA)、乙烯-丙烯酸酯共聚物、乙烯-α-烯烃共聚物、乙烯-丙烯共聚物、聚丙烯(PP)、聚乙烯(PE)、聚氯乙烯(PVC)、聚对苯二甲酸乙二醇酯(PET)、聚苯乙烯(PS)、聚酰胺(PA)、氯磺化聚乙烯(CSPE)、乙烯丙烯二烯橡胶(EPDM)和聚异丁烯(PIB)的至少一种聚合物以及它们的混合物。
优选地,热塑性聚合物组分P包含选自低密度聚乙烯、线性低密度聚乙烯、高密度聚乙烯、乙烯-乙酸乙烯酯共聚物、乙烯-丙烯酸酯共聚物、乙烯-α-烯烃共聚物和乙烯-丙烯共聚物的至少一种聚合物。
热塑性聚合物组分P可具有根据ISO 527-3标准在23℃的温度下测量的不超过1000MPa、更优选不超过750MPa、甚至更优选不超过500MPa、最优选不超过450MPa的杨氏模量。特别地,热塑性组分P可以具有根据ISO 527-3标准在23℃的温度下测量的在50-1000MPa范围内的杨氏模量,优选50-750MPa,更优选100-750MPa,最优选100-700MPa。发现含有具有在上述范围内的杨氏模量的热塑性聚合物组分P的接触层提供了良好的混凝土粘合强度。
优选地,热塑性聚合物组分P具有根据ISO 527-3在23℃的温度下测量的小于150MPa、优选小于100MPa、更优选小于50MPa的杨氏模量。发现具有在上述提及范围内的杨氏模量的热塑性聚合物组分P的接触层具有特别高的混凝土粘合强度。
当热塑性聚合物组分P包含至少一种乙烯-乙酸乙烯酯共聚物,优选其具有至少7.0wt%、更优选至少30.0wt%、甚至更优选至少35.0wt%、最优选至少40.0wt%的衍生自乙酸乙烯酯的结构单元(此后称为“乙酸乙烯酯单元”)的含量时,发现接触层的性能尤其合适。
优选地,该至少一种乙烯-乙酸乙烯酯共聚物具有7.0wt%-90.0wt%、更优选7.0-80.0wt%、最优选7.0-70.0wt%范围的乙酸乙烯酯单元含量。
优选地,至少一种乙烯-乙酸乙烯酯共聚物的量为至少5.0wt%,更优选至少10.0wt%,最优选至少15.0wt%,基于热塑性聚合物组分P的总重量。特别地,至少一种乙烯-乙酸乙烯酯共聚物的量为5.0wt%-90.0wt%、优选10.0-90.0wt%、更优选15.0-80wt%、最优选15.0-70.0wt%的范围。
优选具有至少7.0wt%、更优选至少30.0wt%的乙酸乙烯酯含量的至少一种乙烯-乙酸乙烯酯共聚物的量优选为至少30.0wt%、更优选至少35.0wt%、甚至更优选至少40.0wt%、最优选至少50.0wt%,基于热塑性聚合物组分P的总量。
热塑性聚合物组分P的玻璃化转变温度(Tg)优选低于在使用该接触层期间发生的温度。因此,优选热塑性聚合物组分P的Tg小于0℃、更优选小于-15℃、最优选小于-30℃。
术语“玻璃化转变温度”是指根据ISO 11357标准通过DSC测量的温度,在该温度以上聚合物组分变得柔软且柔韧,并且在该温度以下其变得硬且玻璃状。可以用MettlerToledo 822e设备以2摄氏度/分钟的加热速率进行测量。Tg值可以借助DSC软件从测量的DSC曲线确定。
除了固体填料组分F和热塑性聚合物组分P之外,接触层可以包含添加剂,例如UV稳定剂和热稳定剂、增塑剂、发泡剂、染料、着色剂、颜料、消光剂、抗静电剂、冲击改性剂、阻燃剂和加工助剂,例如润滑剂、滑爽剂、防粘剂和防滑助剂(denest aids)。
令人惊讶地发现接触层的混凝土粘合强度至少部分取决于接触层的表面粗糙度。术语“粗糙度”是指表面的不平整度,其根据ISO 25178标准定义的三维(3D)表面粗糙度参数进行量化。基于通过光学测量方法确定的表面几何形状来计算3D表面粗糙度参数。
发现对于接触层的表面根据ISO 25178标准定义的以下3D表面粗糙度参数与接触层的混凝土粘合强度相关:均方根粗糙度(Sq)、平均粗糙度(Sa)和表面的最大高度(Sz)。
平均粗糙度(Sa)和均方根粗糙度(Sq)表示表面不均匀性的整体度量。它们在区分峰、谷和各种织构特征的间距方面相对不敏感。
表面最大高度(Sz)计算为最大峰高(Sp)和最大谷深(Sv)之差。最大峰值是最高点的高度,最大谷值深度是表面最低点的深度。
在本发明的上下文中,接触层表面的均方根粗糙度(Sq)、平均粗糙度(Sa)和最大表面高度(Sz)使用以下描述的测量方法确定。
确定表面的3D-表面粗糙度参数的方法
在3D-表面粗糙度参数的确定中,首先测量表面的表面几何形状。
为了测量表面几何形状,将优选尺寸为100mm(长)×100mm(宽)的样品片以待测量的表面向上的方式粘合于铝片上,该铝片优选尺寸为100mm(长)×100mm(宽)×5mm(高),以确保样品片完全平坦放置。可以使用双面胶带将样品片与铝片连接。
表面的表面几何形状使用激光模式,5倍物镜/1倍放大光学变焦,25单幅图像图像拼接的大场观察以及在x-y方向上1cm2的测量面积,用3D-激光测量共焦显微镜OlympusLEXT OLS4000来测量。在进行表面几何形状的测量中,z方向上共聚焦采集的上限和下限优选是在生动彩色图像模式下在调整粗和细焦点后,以激光模式手动调整的。
随后基于测量的表面几何形状使用Olympus LEXT OLS4000应用版本2.1.3软件计算表面的3D表面粗糙度参数。使用由光学测量获得的未过滤主数据集计算3D表面粗糙度参数。“未过滤数据集”是指数据集未通过使用任何以截止长度λs、λc、或λf为特征的过滤器调整过。
优选地,接触层的表面具有至少1.0μm,优选至少2.0μm,更优选至少4.0μm,甚至更优选至少10.0μm,最优选至少15.0μm的根据EN ISO 25178的3D均方根粗糙度(Sq)。
特别地,接触层的表面根据EN ISO 25178的3D均方根粗糙度(Sq)优选为10.0–500.0μm、更优选15.0-400.0μm、甚至更优选20.0-300.0μm、最优选25.0-250.0μm。特别优选地,接触层的表面根据EN ISO 25178的3D均方根粗糙度(Sq)为10.0-300.0μm、更优选15.0-250.0μm、甚至更优选20.0-200.0μm、最优选30.0-200.0μm。
发现接触层的表面的3D均方根粗糙度(Sq)在上述范围内的膜具有特别良好的混凝土粘合强度。
优选地,接触层的表面具有至少10.0μm,优选至少15.0μm,更优选至少20.0μm和最优选至少25.0μm的根据EN ISO 25178的3D平均粗糙度(Sa)。
特别地,接触层的表面的根据EN ISO 25178的3D平均粗糙度(Sa)优选为10.0-500.0μm、更优选15.0-400.0μm、甚至更优选20.0-300.0μm和最优选25.0-250.0μm。特别优选地,接触层的表面的根据EN ISO 25178的3D平均粗糙度(Sa)为15.0-300.0μm,更优选20.0-250.0μm,甚至更优选25.0-200.0μm和最优选30.0-200.0μm。
发现接触层的表面的3D平均粗糙度(Sa)在上述范围内的膜具有特别良好的混凝土粘合强度。
优选地,接触层的表面具有至少100.0μm,更优选至少125.0μm,甚至更优选至少150.0μm,最优选至少200.0μm的根据EN ISO 25178的3D最大表面高度(Sz)。
发现接触层的表面的3D最大表面高度(Sz)在上述范围内的膜具有特别良好的混凝土粘合强度。
甚至更优选地,接触层的表面具有至少1.0μm、优选至少2.0μm、更优选至少4.0μm、甚至更优选至少10.0μm、最优选至少15.0μm的根据EN ISO 25178的3D均方根粗糙度(Sq)和至少100.0μm、更优选至少125.0μm、甚至更优选至少150.0μm、最优选至少200.0μm的根据ENISO 25178的3D最大表面高度(Sz)。
甚至更优选地,接触层的表面具有至少10.0μm、优选至少15.0μm、更优选至少20.0μm和最优选至少25.0μm的根据EN ISO 25178的3D平均粗糙度(Sa)和至少100.0μm、更优选至少125.0μm、甚至更优选至少150.0μm、最优选至少200.0μm的根据EN ISO 25178的3D最大表面高度(Sz)。
通常,在接触层与新鲜水泥基组合物接触之前其仅含有少量的水。优选地,在接触层中的水量小于5.0wt%,优选小于3.0wt%,甚至更优选小于1.5wt%,基于接触层的总重量计。特别地,在接触层中的水量可以小于2.0wt%,优选小于1.0wt%,甚至更优选小于0.5wt%,基于接触层的总重量。
在固体填料组分包含矿物粘结剂或由矿物粘结剂组成的情况下,矿物粘结剂应当保持在基本非水合的状态下至少直至接触层与含有水的组合物,例如新鲜水泥基组合物接触。包含在接触层中的矿物粘结剂颗粒的水合作用会降低柔韧性,并因此劣化接触层的处理性能。这也会对接触层的混凝土粘合强度产生负面影响。已经发现,如果接触层在正常的室温和50%的相对湿度下储存几周,则接触层中所含的矿物粘结剂基本上保持非水合。
接触层可以包含不超过10.0wt%,优选不超过5.0wt%的水合矿物粘结剂,基于接触层的总重量。优选地,接触层包含不超过2.5wt%,甚至更优选不超过1.0wt%,甚至更优选不超过0.5wt%,最优选不超过0.1wt%的水合矿物粘结剂,基于接触层的总重量。
为了制备含有非水合矿物粘结剂的接触层,优选将包含矿物粘结剂的固体填料组分F与热塑性聚合物组分P以干燥的形式混合,即不与水混合。将矿物粘结剂与水混合将导致引发水合反应,这是不希望的。本发明的接触层优选通过以下获得:将含有固体填料组分F和热塑性聚合物组分P的组合物熔融加工成均化的熔体,随后其进一步被加工成成型制品。所述均化的熔体可以例如通过歧管或平模挤出,随后在压延机冷却辊之间冷却挤出的材料。
均化的熔体优选通过将包含固体填料组分F和热塑性聚合物组分P的组合物在大于热塑性聚合物组分P的熔点的温度下熔融加工获得。优选地,均化的熔体基本不含水。特别地,在均化的熔体中的水量小于5.0wt%,优选小于2.5wt%,更优选小于1.0wt%,甚至更优选小于0.5wt%,最优选小于0.1wt%,基于均化熔体的总重量计。
在正常室温(25℃)下,接触层的表面优选是不粘的。试样表面是否粘可以通过用拇指在约5kg的压力下按压表面1秒,然后试图通过举起手来抬起试样来确定。如果拇指不能保持粘在表面上并且试样不能被抬起,则表面被认为是不粘的。在本发明的膜的上下文中,用于粘性测试的“试样”是指宽度为10cm且长度为20cm的膜。
对于接触层的厚度没有特别的限制。然而,具有接触层厚度大于50mm的膜在密封应用中是不实用的,并且已经发现厚度小于50μm的接触层难以以期望的机械性能制造出来。特别地,接触层具有至少0.1mm,优选0.1-75.0mm,更优选0.1-25.0mm,最优选0.1-10.0mm的厚度。优选地,接触层具有0.1-50.0mm,优选0.2-10.0mm,更优选0.3-5.0mm,最优选0.4-2.0mm的厚度。接触层的厚度根据EN1849-2标准测量。
优选接触层具有一定的柔性,以允许其通常在制造期间卷绕成卷,然后容易地施加到基材的表面。然而本发明的发明人也发现具有一定柔性的接触层具有更好的混凝土粘合强度。优选地,接触层具有小于600MPa、更优选小于200MPa和最优选小于100MPa的在30℃的温度下根据EN ISO 6721-2:2008的剪切模量。
接触层优选具有100-10000g/m2、更优选200-6000g/m2、甚至更优选300-3000g/m2的单位面积质量。单位面积质量根据EN 1849-2测量。
接触层的密度优选为0.25-3.00g/cm3,特别是0.30-2.75g/cm3,更优选0.35-2.50g/cm3,甚至更优选0.40-2.00g/cm3,最优选0.50-1.50g/cm3。接触层的密度通过使用浮力法测量。
为了改善接触层的机械性能,可以有利的是,将接触层用粘结其表面之一的纤维材料层来增强。增强层可以是纤维垫、纤维织物或纤维组织的形式。用于增强层的特别合适的材料包括玻璃纤维、聚酯纤维或尼龙纤维。接触层包含分别粘结到接触层的第一和第二表面上的第一和第二增强层可以是有利的。
以上给出的用于固体填料组分F和热塑性聚合物组分P的优选方案同样适用于本发明的所有方面。
在本发明的另一个方面,提供了制备接触层的方法,如以上详细描述的那样。用于制备接触层的方法没有特别限制,并且可以使用用于由塑料材料制备片材和膜的任何常规技术。
接触层可以通过挤出、压延、压缩或浇注包含接触层组分的均化熔体来制备。
优选地,制备接触层的方法包含挤出和/或压延包含接触层组分的均化熔体。
均化熔体可以通过在挤出机或捏和机中将包含固体填料组分F和热塑性聚合物组分P的组合物熔融加工来获得。熔体加工优选在高于热塑性聚合物组分P的熔点,通常高至少20℃,优选高至少30℃的温度下进行。优选地,均化熔体中的水量小于1.0wt%、优选小于0.5wt%、最优选小于0.1wt%。
优选地,热塑性聚合物组分P在挤出机中熔融加工,之后将固体填料组分F通过侧进料口进料到挤出机中。组合物的组分的一些或全部也可以首先在混合设备中混合以获得干燥的共混物,其随后被喂送入挤出机或捏合机中。组合物的组分还可以首先在混合挤出机中混合以获得粒料或颗粒,然后将其进料到挤出机或捏合机中。
优选地,接触层通过挤出工艺制备。在挤出工艺中,包含固体填料组分F和热塑性聚合物组分P的均化熔体通过歧管或平模、环形模、狭缝模或铸模(优选通过歧管或平模)挤出并且骤冷在压延冷却辊之间的挤出的材料网。所制备的接触层的厚度可以通过模唇调整和/或通过调整压延冷却辊之间的间隙尺寸来控制。在挤出工艺中可以使用用于制备扁平膜片的任何常规挤出装置,如在Schwarz,Ebeling和Furth的“Kunststoff Verarbeitung”2005年第10版,Vogel Buchverlag,第5.7.2段中所描述的。
最佳挤出温度取决于接触层的组成和挤出工艺的所需生产量。挤出温度优选80-250℃,更优选100-240℃,甚至更优选120-220℃,最优选140-200℃。术语“挤出温度”是指在挤出机模或歧管中熔融材料的温度。发现在上述温度范围内的温度下挤出的接触层提供了特别良好的混凝土粘合强度。
优选地,挤出压力为20.0-350.0巴,更优选30.0-240巴,甚至更优选35.0-200巴,最优选40.0-130.0巴。术语“挤出压力”是指恰好在材料进入挤出机模头或歧管之前的挤出机内熔融材料的压力。
冷却辊之间的间隙尺寸可以比制备的接触层的厚度更宽。例如冷却辊之间的间隙尺寸可以比制备的接触层的厚度宽10%、25%、50%或75%。
该接触层还可以通过压延工艺制备。在压延工艺中,使包含固体填料组分F和热塑性聚合物组分P的均化熔体通过一系列压延辊,在这期间均化熔体分布在辊的宽度上,将其拉伸并最终冷却成具有限定厚度的膜或片的形式。均化熔体可以用挤出机进料至压延部分的顶部并进入第一和第二辊之间的间隙。优选地,压延部分包含至少四个压延辊。在压延工艺中可以使用任何用于由热塑性材料制备膜或片材的常规压延装置,如在Schwarz,Ebeling和Furth的“Kunststoff Verarbeitung”2005年第10版,Vogel Buchverlag,第3章中所描述的。
除了固体填料组分F和热塑性聚合物组分P之外,均化熔体可以包含用于挤出和压延工艺的典型添加剂,例如内部润滑剂、滑爽剂、防粘连剂、防滑助剂、氧化稳定剂、熔体强度增强剂。该均化熔体也可以进一步包含其它添加剂,例如UV-和热稳定剂、增塑剂、发泡剂、染料、着色剂、颜料、消光剂、抗静电剂、抗冲改性剂和阻燃剂。
根据一个实施方案,均化熔体除了固体填料组分F和热塑性聚合物组分P之外还包含至少一种化学或物理发泡剂和任选地至少一种用于发泡剂的活化剂。合适的化学发泡剂的实例包括偶氮二甲酰胺、偶氮二异丁腈、苯磺酰肼,4,4-氧代苯磺酰基氨基脲、4,4-氧代双(苯磺酰肼)、二苯基砜-3,3-二磺酰肼、对甲苯磺酰基氨基脲、碳酸氢钠、碳酸铵、碳酸氢铵、碳酸氢钾、重氮氨基苯、重氮氨基甲苯、肼撑二甲酰胺(hydrazodicarbonamide)、重氮异丁腈、偶氮二羧酸钡和5-羟基四唑。优选地,发泡剂是碳酸氢钠。
制备接触层的方法可以进一步包含后处理步骤,例如刷和/或喷砂和/或等离子处理,特别是空气等离子处理步骤,以优化制备的接触层的表面特性。最终产品优选以卷的形式储存。
在本发明的另一个方面,提供了用于将两个基材彼此粘结的方法。该基材可以是具有表面的任何物体,其可以用接触层覆盖。
用于将两个基材彼此粘结的方法,包含以下步骤:
a)将第一粘合剂层施加到第一基材的表面上,
b)使用根据本发明的接触层覆盖第一粘合剂层使得接触层的第一表面与第一粘合剂层接触,
c)将第二粘合剂层施加到接触层的第二相对表面上并且使第二粘合剂层与第二基材的表面接触或将第二粘合剂层施加到第二基材的表面上并且使第二粘合剂层与接触层的第二相对表面接触,
d)使第一和第二粘合剂的表面固化。
第一和第二粘合剂可以是新鲜的水泥基组合物或合成树脂组合物,例如环氧基双组分粘合剂或EVA基粘合剂,优选新鲜的水泥基的组合物。
优选地,第一和第二基材由选自固化的水泥基组合物、木材、胶合板、刨花板、石膏板、金属、金属合金、塑料、绝热材料或其组合的材料组成或包含该材料。
所述基材可以由相同材料或不同材料组成或包含相同材料或不同的材料。优选地,至少一种基材由固化的混凝土组成。
在本发明的另一个方面,提供了用于使基材防水的方法。该基材可以是任何结构或土木工程结构,其将被密封防水防潮。基材的表面可以水平方向或不水平方向。
用于使基材防水的方法,包含以下步骤:
-将根据本发明的接触层施加到基材表面上使得接触层的第一表面朝向该基材的表面,
-在接触层的第二相对表面上浇注新鲜的水泥基组合物,和
-固化该新鲜的水泥基组合物。
优选地,新鲜水泥基的组合物是新鲜的混凝土混合物。
在固化后该浇注的水泥基组合物可以是结构,特别是地上或地下结构的一部分,所述结构例如是建筑物、车库、隧道、垃圾填埋场、蓄水池、池塘、堤坝或用于预制结构的构件。
在本发明的另一个方面中,提供了用于使基材防水防止水渗透的防水结构。该防水结构包含混凝土层和设置在基材表面和混凝土层之间的根据本发明的接触层,使得接触层的第一表面朝向基材的表面和接触层的第二表面完全粘结至混凝土层的表面。
术语“完全粘结”是指两个表面在整个表面上粘性连接。
该基材可以是任何结构或土木工程结构,其将被密封防水防潮,例如固化的混凝土结构或地下。
在本发明的另一个方面中,提供了用于密封基材防止水渗透的方法。用于密封基材防止水渗透的方法包含以下步骤:
-将一层粘合剂施加到基材的表面上,
-用根据本发明的接触层覆盖粘合剂层使得接触层的表面之一与粘合剂层接触,和
-使粘合剂层固化。
该粘合剂可以是新鲜的水泥基组合物或合成树脂基粘合剂,例如环氧基双组分粘合剂或EVA基粘合剂,优选新鲜的水泥基组合物,特别是新鲜混凝土或新鲜喷浆混凝土组合物。
根据一个实施方案,用于密封基材防止水渗透的方法包含以下步骤:
-将粘合剂层施加到本发明接触层表面之一上,
-用该接触层覆盖基材的表面使得粘合剂层与基材的表面接触,和
-使粘合剂层固化。
该粘合剂可以是新鲜的水泥基组合物或合成树脂基粘合剂,优选新鲜的水泥基组合物。
在本发明的另一个方面,提供了用于密封基材防止水渗透的密封结构。该密封结构包含根据本发明的接触层和设置在基材的表面和该接触层之间的粘合剂层,使得接触层表面之一通过粘合剂层与基材的表面粘结。
该粘合剂可以是新鲜的水泥基组合物或合成树脂基粘合剂,例如环氧基双组分粘合剂或EVA基粘合剂,优选新鲜的水泥基组合物,特别是新鲜混凝土或喷浆混凝土组合物。
在本发明的另一个方面,提供了根据本发明的接触层作为防水膜的用途。
实施例
在实施例中使用表1中所示的材料。
表1.在试验中使用的材料
Figure BDA0001668040360000201
Figure BDA0001668040360000211
aEVA,乙烯乙酸乙烯酯共聚物
bEEA,乙烯丙烯酸共聚物
实施例1
为了测量平均抗剥离力,将各个接触层粘结至热塑性阻隔层以获得实施例膜,该膜可以用于抗剥离性测试。
实施例膜的制备
使用包含平模和一组水冷压延辊的实验室规模挤压压延装置制备各自包含阻隔层和接触层的实施例膜EX1-EX9。使用双螺杆挤出机(Bers torff GmbH)挤出这些层。
对于每一个实施例膜(EX),首先使用挤出压延装置制备接触层(E),之后挤出阻隔层并且使用相同的挤出压延装置将其结合到接触层的一个表面上。在所有实施例膜EX1-EX9中使用基于聚乙烯的热塑性膜(可获自Sika的WT 1210 HE)作为阻隔层。
该装置的挤出机部分装配有平模,并且接触层的熔融组合物在不使用模唇的情况下挤出。接触层的聚合物组分首先在挤出机中在高于聚合物组分的熔融温度大约30℃的温度下熔融加工,然后将固体填料组分通过侧进料口进料到挤出机中。制备的接触层具有大约1.50mm的厚度,而阻隔层的厚度为大约0.5mm。由阻隔层的成分组成的熔融组合物使用平模挤出到各个接触层的表面上并且在压延冷却辊之间将层压在一起并且冷却。
在制备实施例膜期间的挤出机压延机装置的操作条件在表2中呈现和实施例膜EX1-EX9的接触层(E)的组成在表3中呈现。挤出温度和压力在熔融物质进入平模的位置处测量。在制备期间冷却辊的温度大约为20℃。
Figure BDA0001668040360000221
混凝土测试试样的制备
由如上所述制备的每一个实施例膜EX1-EX9切取尺寸为200mm(长)x50mm(宽)的三个样品膜。将样品膜置于尺寸为200mm(长)x50mm(宽)x30mm(高)的框架上,接触层面朝上并且阻隔层靠着框架的底部。
接触层侧面上的各个样品膜的一个边缘用长度为50mm和宽度与膜样品的宽度一致的胶带覆盖,以防止与固化的混凝土粘合。使用胶带以更容易地将测试试样安装到抗剥离性测试装置上。
为了制备混凝土试样,制备了一批新鲜混凝土配方。该新鲜混凝土配方通过将8.9900kg符合EN 1766标准的MC 0.45型混凝土干料、0.7553kg水和0.0202kg的Sikament-12S在转鼓混合器中混合5分钟获得。MC 0.45型混凝土干料含有1.6811kg的CEM I 42.5N水泥(Normo 4,Holcim),7.3089kg的集料,该集料含有3%Nekafill-15(来自KFN)混凝土添加剂(石灰石填料)、24%粒径为0-1mm的砂、36%粒径为1-4mm的砂和37%粒径为4-8mm的碎石。在将水和Sikament-12S共混之前,将混凝土干料在转鼓混合器中均化5分钟。
随后用新鲜混凝土配方填充含有样品膜的框架并且振动两分钟以释放夹带的空气。在固化一天之后,在测量抗剥离性之前,将测试混凝土试样从框架上除去并储存在标准气氛(空气温度23℃,相对空气湿度50%)。
抗剥离性的测量
根据标准DIN EN 1372:2015-06列出的程序由固化混凝土试样进行样品膜的抗剥离性测试。使用装配有Zwick Roel l 90°剥离设备的Zwick Roell AllroundLine Z010材料测试装置(型号316237)进行抗剥离性测试。
对于抗剥离性测试,在包含样品膜的贴胶带部分的混凝土试样的末端用材料测试装置的上夹头夹紧混凝土试样10mm的长度。随后,将样品膜以90°的剥离角度和100mm/min的恒定横梁速度由混凝土试样的表面剥离。在测量期间,辊的距离大约570mm。继续剥离样品膜直至样品膜的约140mm的长度由混凝土试样的表面剥离。计算剥离大约70mm长度期间的单位样品膜宽度上的平均剥离力[N/50mm]作为抗剥离性的值,因此由计算中排除总剥离长度的第一个和最后一个四分之一。
在表3中呈现的实施例膜EX1-EX9的平均抗剥离力值已经作为由相同实施例膜切下的三个样品膜获得的测量值的平均值计算。
Figure BDA0001668040360000251
实施例2
对于接触层E10-E15的表面确定了根据EN ISO 25178标准的3D-平均粗糙度(Sa)、3D-均方根粗糙度(Sq)和3D-最大表面高度(Sz)。
为了测量平均抗剥离力,将各个接触层粘结至热塑性阻隔层以获得实施例膜(EX10-EX15),其可以用于抗剥离性测试。
如以上实施例1中所述通过使用挤出机-压延机装置制备实施例膜。在所有实施例膜中使用基于聚乙烯的热塑性膜(可获自Sika的WT 1210 HE)作为热塑性阻隔层。在制备实施例膜期间挤出机-压延机装置的操作条件在表4中示出并且实施例膜EX10-EX15的接触层(E)的组成在表5中示出。挤出温度是在平模中熔融物质的温度并且挤出压是在熔融物质进入到平模处测量的。在制备期间,冷却辊的温度大约为20℃。如以上在实施例1中所述那样由固化混凝土试样确定抗剥离性。
为了测量接触层的表面几何形状,将尺寸为100mm(长)×100mm(宽)的样品膜由各个实施例膜切下并且粘合于铝片上,该铝片的尺寸为100mm(长)×100mm(宽)×5mm(高),使得接触层面朝上,以确保样品完全平坦放置。使用双面胶带将样品与铝片连接。
各个接触层的表面几何形状用3D激光测量共焦显微镜Olympus LEXT OLS4000来测量,使用激光模式、5倍物镜/1倍放大光学变焦、25单幅图像的图像拼接的大场观察以及在x-y方向上1cm2的测量面积。在进行表面几何形状的测量时,z方向上共聚焦采集的上限和下限是在生动彩色图像模式下在调整粗和细焦点后以激光模式手动调整的。
使用附接的Olympus LEXT OLS4000应用版本2.1.3软件由测量的表面几何形状计算3D表面粗糙度参数。3D表面粗糙度参数通过使用由光学测量获得的未过滤的主数据集计算,而不使用任何截断长度λs、λc或λf。在表5中显示的3D表面粗糙度参数已经作为在各个样品膜的接触层表面上不同位置的至少两个测量的平均值获得。
表4.挤出工艺的操作条件
Figure BDA0001668040360000271
表5.组成、抗剥离性和3D-粗糙度参数
接触层 EX10 EX11 EX12 EX13
聚合物组分
Elvax 260 A[wt%] 13.1 13.1 13.1 13.1
Levapren 400[wt%] 12.3 12.3 12.3 12.3
<sup>*</sup>添加剂 12.9 12.9 12.9 12.9
固体填料组分
Holcim optimo 4[wt%] 60 60 60 60
3D-表面粗糙度
Sa[μm] 35.8 111.0 115.5 126.1
Sq[μm] 44.1 142.1 146.5 160.7
Sz[μm] 524.3 1265.4 978.0 1118.3
抗剥离性
28天[N/50mm] 68.0 75.0 79.8 91.0
*Para loid KM370,抗氧剂1010,Loxiol 93P,Tinuvin 783FDL

Claims (43)

1.接触层,其是具有由外围边缘限定的顶部和底部表面,即接触层的第一和第二表面的片状元件,
其包含固体填料组分F和热塑性聚合物组分P,其中固体填料组分F的量为10.0-90.0wt%,基于接触层的总重量计;并且该接触层包含不超过2.5wt%的水合的矿物粘结剂以及在接触层中的水量小于3.0wt%,基于接触层的总重量计;并且
其中所述接触层由通过歧管或平模挤出包含固体填料组分F和热塑性聚合物组分P的均化的熔体,随后在压延冷却辊之间冷却挤出的材料而获得。
2.根据权利要求1的接触层,其特征在于,固体填料组分F的量为15.0-80.0wt%,基于接触层的总重量计。
3.根据权利要求1的接触层,其特征在于,固体填料组分F的量为20.0-75.0wt%,基于接触层的总重量计。
4.根据权利要求1的接触层,其特征在于,固体填料组分F的量为25.0-70.00wt%,基于接触层的总重量计。
5.根据权利要求1至4任一项的接触层,其包含不超过1.0wt%的水合的矿物粘结剂,基于接触层的总重量计。
6.根据权利要求1至4任一项的接触层,其包含不超过0.5wt%的水合的矿物粘结剂,基于接触层的总重量计。
7.根据权利要求1至4任一项的接触层,其包含不超过0.1wt%的水合的矿物粘结剂,基于接触层的总重量计。
8.根据权利要求1至4任一项的接触层,其中固体填料组分F含有至少60.0wt%的矿物粘结剂。
9.根据权利要求1至4任一项的接触层,其中固体填料组分F含有至少70.0wt%的矿物粘结剂。
10.根据权利要求1至4任一项的接触层,其中固体填料组分F含有至少80.0wt%的矿物粘结剂。
11.根据权利要求1至4任一项的接触层,其中固体填料组分F含有至少90.0wt%的矿物粘结剂。
12.根据权利要求1至4任一项的接触层,其中所述接触层具有至少10N/50mm的混凝土粘合强度。
13.根据权利要求1至4任一项的接触层,其中所述接触层具有至少15N/50mm的混凝土粘合强度。
14.根据权利要求1至4任一项的接触层,其中所述接触层具有至少20N/50mm的混凝土粘合强度。
15.根据权利要求1至4任一项的接触层,其中所述接触层具有至少30N/50mm的混凝土粘合强度。
16.根据权利要求1至4任一项的接触层,其中固体填料组分F包含至少一种选自水硬性粘结剂、非水硬性粘结剂、潜在水硬性粘结剂和火山灰型粘结剂以及其混合物的矿物粘结剂。
17.根据权利要求1至4任一项的接触层,其中热塑性聚合物组分P的量为10.0-90.0wt%,基于接触层的总重量计,和其中热塑性聚合物组分P包含选自乙烯-乙酸乙烯酯共聚物、乙烯-丙烯酸酯共聚物、乙烯-α-烯烃共聚物、乙烯-丙烯共聚物、聚丙烯、聚乙烯、聚氯乙烯、聚对苯二甲酸乙二醇酯、聚苯乙烯、聚酰胺、氯磺化聚乙烯、乙烯丙烯二烯橡胶和聚异丁烯以及它们的混合物的至少一种聚合物。
18.根据权利要求17的接触层,其中热塑性聚合物组分P的量为15.0-80.0wt%,基于接触层的总重量计。
19.根据权利要求17的接触层,其中热塑性聚合物组分P的量为20.0-75.0wt%,基于接触层的总重量计。
20.根据权利要求17的接触层,其中热塑性聚合物组分P的量为25.0-70.0wt%,基于接触层的总重量计。
21.根据权利要求1至4任一项的接触层,其中接触层具有0.1-50.0mm的厚度。
22.根据权利要求1至4任一项的接触层,其中接触层具有0.2-10.0mm的厚度。
23.根据权利要求1至4任一项的接触层,其中接触层具有0.3-5.0mm的厚度。
24.根据权利要求1至4任一项的接触层,其中接触层具有0.4-2.0mm的厚度。
25.根据权利要求1的接触层,其中均化的熔体可通过在大于热塑性聚合物组分P的熔点的温度下熔融加工包含固体填料组分F和热塑性聚合物组分P的组合物获得。
26.根据权利要求1的接触层,其中均化的熔体中的水量小于1.0wt%。
27.根据权利要求1的接触层,其中均化的熔体中的水量小于0.5wt%。
28.根据权利要求1的接触层,其中均化的熔体中的水量小于0.1wt%。
29.制备根据权利要求1-28任一项的接触层的方法,其中该方法包含通过歧管或平模挤出包含固体填料组分F和热塑性聚合物组分P的均化的熔体,随后在压延冷却辊之间冷却挤出的材料。
30.根据权利要求29的方法,其中挤出温度为80-250℃,和其中挤出压力为20.0-350.0巴。
31.根据权利要求30的方法,其中挤出温度为100-240℃。
32.根据权利要求30的方法,其中挤出温度为120-220℃。
33.根据权利要求30的方法,其中挤出温度为140-200℃。
34.根据权利要求30的方法,其中挤出压力为30.0-240巴。
35.根据权利要求30的方法,其中挤出压力为35.0-200巴。
36.根据权利要求30的方法,其中挤出压力为40.0-130.0巴。
37.用于将基材彼此粘结的方法,该方法包含以下步骤:
a)将第一粘合剂层施加到第一基材的表面上,
b)用根据权利要求1-28任一项的接触层覆盖第一粘合剂层使得接触层的第一表面接触第一粘合剂层,
c)将第二粘合剂层施加到接触层的第二相对表面上并且使第二粘合剂层与第二基材的表面接触或将第二粘合剂的层施加到第二基材的表面和使第二粘结合剂层与接触层的第二相对表面接触,
d)使第一和第二粘合剂层固化,
其中第一和第二粘合剂的至少之一是新鲜的水泥基组合物或合成树脂组合物。
38.根据权利要求37的方法,其中第一和第二粘合剂的至少之一是新鲜的水泥基组合物。
39.用于使基材防水的方法,该方法包含以下步骤:
将根据权利要求1-28的任一项的接触层施加至基材的表面使得接触层的第一表面朝向基材的表面,
将新鲜的水泥基组合物浇注在接触层的第二相对表面上,和
使新鲜的水泥基组合物固化。
40.防水的结构,其包含混凝土层和设置在基材表面和混凝土层之间的根据权利要求1-28任一项的接触层,使得接触层的第一表面朝向基材的表面和接触层的第二表面完全粘结至混凝土层。
41.用于密封基材防止水渗透的方法,该方法包含以下步骤:
将粘合剂层施加到基材的表面上,
用根据权利要求1-28任一项的接触层覆盖粘结合层使得接触层的表面之一与粘合剂层接触,和
使粘合剂层固化。
42.密封的结构,包含根据权利要求1-28任一项的接触层和设置在基材表面和接触层之间的粘合剂层使得接触层的表面之一通过粘合剂层粘结至基材的表面。
43.根据权利要求1-28任一项的接触层作为防水膜的用途。
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