CN108281769B - Reconfigurable tightly-coupled broadband array antenna - Google Patents
Reconfigurable tightly-coupled broadband array antenna Download PDFInfo
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- CN108281769B CN108281769B CN201810126029.2A CN201810126029A CN108281769B CN 108281769 B CN108281769 B CN 108281769B CN 201810126029 A CN201810126029 A CN 201810126029A CN 108281769 B CN108281769 B CN 108281769B
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01Q—ANTENNAS, i.e. RADIO AERIALS
- H01Q1/00—Details of, or arrangements associated with, antennas
- H01Q1/36—Structural form of radiating elements, e.g. cone, spiral, umbrella; Particular materials used therewith
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01Q—ANTENNAS, i.e. RADIO AERIALS
- H01Q1/00—Details of, or arrangements associated with, antennas
- H01Q1/48—Earthing means; Earth screens; Counterpoises
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01Q—ANTENNAS, i.e. RADIO AERIALS
- H01Q13/00—Waveguide horns or mouths; Slot antennas; Leaky-waveguide antennas; Equivalent structures causing radiation along the transmission path of a guided wave
- H01Q13/10—Resonant slot antennas
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Abstract
The invention provides a reconfigurable tightly-coupled broadband array antenna which is used for solving the technical problem of limited bandwidth of the array antenna and comprises a dielectric wide-angle matching plate and a metal floor which are arranged in parallel up and down, and M periodically arranged dipole antenna plates which are vertically fixed between the two plates, wherein each dipole antenna plate comprises a dielectric plate and N periodically arranged dipole radiating units, antenna arms of adjacent dipole radiating units are overlapped and arranged, each antenna arm comprises a front arm and a rear arm, one front arm is connected with a balance converter ground wire, the other front arm is connected with a balance converter core wire, the balance converter core wire is connected with an antenna connector fixed on the metal floor, and the two rear arms are respectively connected with the metal floor through short-circuit balance joints. And a switch is respectively connected between the front arm and the rear arm of the two antenna arms, and the ground wire of the balance converter and the two short-circuit balance branches, so that the switching between a tight coupling mode and a conventional mode is realized through the on-off of the four switches, and the full coverage of S/C/X/Ku frequency bands is realized.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the technical field of antennas, relates to an array antenna, and particularly relates to a reconfigurable tightly-coupled broadband array antenna covering S/C/X/Ku frequency bands.
Background
The conventional ultra-wideband array antenna has been developed rapidly because of its advantages, and the disadvantages thereof are gradually revealed as the research is continued. First, the most important constraint is the performance impact of coupling between arrays. Because array elements of the array antenna are often closely arranged, strong coupling can be generated between adjacent units, so that the field distribution of the array units is different from that of a single ultra-wideband antenna, and the performance of the whole array is further affected. In order to realize ultra-wideband characteristics, the ultra-wideband antenna needs a larger size, and is difficult to realize the requirements of miniaturization, easy conformal and the like.
Compared with the traditional array, the ultra-wideband tightly coupled antenna array skillfully decouples the influence of coupling among array elements, utilizes and strengthens the coupling to expand the bandwidth of the antenna, and can realize better performance indexes in three frequency multiplication. Based on the concept of expanding bandwidth by utilizing coupling, the tightly coupled antenna array is not a traditional broadband antenna, but an oscillator is used as an array unit, and the typical size is only one half of the wavelength corresponding to the maximum working frequency, and the volume is far smaller than that of the traditional ultra-broadband antenna. In terms of profile height, a close-coupled antenna requires a metal reflector to be placed at a quarter of the center frequency wavelength below the plane of the array in order to enhance forward radiation. The profile height has been greatly compressed compared to Vivaldi antennas and the like. In addition to the advantages of the two points, the tightly coupled antenna array has the advantages of easy conformal and wide angle scanning, etc. However, with the deep research and the increasing requirements of engineering application, the tightly coupled antenna array is also limited by the structural problem of the feed balun and the influence of the performance reduction at the two ends of the frequency band, so that the full coverage of the S/C/X/Ku frequency band and the excellent performance in the frequency band cannot be achieved. For example, patent application publication number CN 106684574a, entitled "6-18GHz ultra wideband array antenna", discloses an ultra wideband array antenna of 6-18GHz, which includes a plurality of dipole antennas, the dipole antennas are closely arranged to form a dipole array, and radiation arms of adjacent dipole antennas overlap each other. The method comprises the steps of generating strong coupling effect between overlapped radiation vibrators to broaden the working bandwidth of an array, adding a dielectric matching layer at the top end of the strong coupling array to further counteract the change of reactance of a ground plane along with frequency in order to eliminate some susceptance changes during array scanning, and obtaining a dipole array with wider frequency band characteristics to realize wide-angle scanning, wherein the covered working frequency band is three times of frequency (6 GHz-18 GHz).
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to overcome the defects in the prior art, and provides a reconfigurable tight coupling broadband array antenna, which can realize full coverage in S/C/X/Ku frequency bands by combining a tight coupling technology and a reconfigurable technology, so that the bandwidth of the array antenna is effectively widened.
In order to achieve the above purpose, the technical scheme adopted by the invention is as follows:
a reconfigurable tightly-coupled broadband array antenna comprises a medium wide angle matching plate 1 and a metal floor 3 which are arranged in parallel up and down, and M periodically parallel dipole antenna plates 2 which are vertically fixed between the medium wide angle matching plate 1 and the metal floor 3, wherein M is more than or equal to 2; the dipole antenna board 2 comprises a dielectric board 21 and N periodically arranged dipole radiation units 22 printed on the dielectric board 21, wherein N is more than or equal to 2, each dipole radiation unit 22 comprises two antenna arms 221 printed on the front side and the back side of the dielectric board 21, and the antenna arms 221 of adjacent dipole radiation units 22 are partially overlapped in a crossing way and are used for realizing the tight coupling characteristic; the metal floor 3 is provided with a plurality of mounting holes on the surface, and an antenna connector 4 is fixed in each mounting hole;
in the above-mentioned reconfigurable tightly-coupled wideband array antenna, two antenna arms 221 printed on the front and back sides of the dielectric plate 21 are respectively provided with a slot, the antenna arms 221 are divided into front arms and rear arms, one of the front arms is connected with a balun ground wire 224, the other front arm is connected with a balun core wire 225, and the balun core wire 225 is connected with a corresponding antenna connector 4; the two rear arms are respectively connected with the metal floor 3 through a short circuit balance branch 222, a switch 223 is respectively connected between the ground wire 224 of the balance converter and the two short circuit balance branches 222 in the gaps between the front arms and the rear arms of the two antenna arms 221; when the switch 223 connected in the gap between the front arm and the rear arm of the two antenna arms 221 is turned on and the switch 223 connected between the balun ground 224 and the two short-circuit balance branches 222 is turned off, the array antenna operates in a tight coupling mode to cover the low frequency band S/C, and when the switch 223 connected in the gap between the front arm and the rear arm of the two antenna arms is turned off and the switch 223 connected between the balun ground 224 and the two short-circuit balance branches 222 is turned on, the array antenna operates in a normal mode to cover the high frequency band X/Ku for realizing the reconfigurable characteristic.
In the above-mentioned reconfigurable tightly-coupled wideband array antenna, the surface of the dielectric wide-angle matching plate 1, which is fixed to the dipole antenna plate 2, is provided with M rectangular grooves which are periodically arranged in parallel and are used for being embedded with the M dipole antenna plates 2.
In the above-mentioned reconfigurable tightly-coupled wideband array antenna, the two antenna arms 221 printed on the front and back sides of the dielectric plate 21 are butterfly wideband dipoles.
In the above-mentioned reconfigurable tightly coupled wideband array antenna, the two slots printed on the antenna arms 221 on the front and back sides of the dielectric plate 21 are perpendicular to the plate surface of the metal floor 3, and the positions of the slots on the antenna arms 221 can be changed according to different frequency requirements.
In the reconfigurable tightly coupled wideband array antenna, the switches 223 connected between the ground line 224 of the balun and the two short-circuit balance branches 222 in the gaps between the front arms and the rear arms of the two antenna arms 221 are PIN diode switches.
The position of the switch 223 connected between the balun ground line 224 and the two short-circuited balanced branches 222 of the reconfigurable tightly-coupled wideband array antenna described above can be varied according to different balanced feed and impedance matching requirements.
In the above-mentioned reconfigurable tightly-coupled wideband array antenna, the two rear arms are respectively connected with the metal floor 3 through the short-circuit balance branch 222, and the connection position can be changed according to different balanced feed and impedance matching requirements.
In one of the above-mentioned reconfigurable tightly coupled broadband array antennas, a switch 223 is connected between the balun ground 224 and two short-circuited balun legs 222, one of the switches is connected between the balun ground 224 and a short-circuited balun leg 222 coplanar with the balun ground 224, and the other switch is connected between the balun ground 224 and a short-circuited probe on the short-circuited balun leg 222 opposite the balun ground 224.
In the above-mentioned reconfigurable tightly-coupled wideband array antenna, the balun core 225 is a microstrip line with equal width, the balun ground 224 is an exponential graded microstrip line with width widened from top to bottom, and the centerline of the microstrip line with equal width coincides with the centerline of the exponential graded microstrip line.
Compared with the prior art, the invention has the following advantages:
the invention adopts the tightly coupled array antenna with the overlapped antenna arms of adjacent dipole radiating units to generate strong mutual coupling effect, and the dipole antenna arms are respectively provided with a gap, and a switch is connected in the gap, meanwhile, a switch is respectively connected between the ground wire of the balance converter and two short-circuit balance branches, and the switching reconstruction characteristics of the tightly coupled mode and the conventional mode are realized through the on-off of the four switches.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a schematic diagram of the overall structure of an embodiment of the present invention;
fig. 2 is a schematic diagram of a dipole antenna board structure according to an embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 3 is a schematic diagram of a dipole radiating element according to an embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 4 shows the reflection coefficient S in the S/C band according to the embodiment of the present invention 11 A figure;
FIG. 5 shows the reflection coefficient S in the X/Ku band according to the embodiment of the present invention 11 A figure;
FIG. 6 is a scanning pattern at a frequency point of 2GHz according to an embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 7 is a scanning pattern at 6GHz of the frequency bin in accordance with an embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 8 is a scanning pattern at 9GHz of the frequency point in an embodiment of the invention;
fig. 9 is a scanning pattern at a frequency point of 15GHz in an embodiment of the invention.
Detailed Description
The invention will be described in further detail with reference to the drawings and the specific examples.
Referring to fig. 1, a reconfigurable tightly coupled wideband array antenna includes a dielectric wide angle matching plate 1 and a metal floor 3 which are disposed in parallel up and down, and M periodically parallel arranged dipole antenna plates 2, M being equal to or greater than 2, vertically fixed between the dielectric wide angle matching plate 1 and the metal floor 3, in this embodiment, M is 10, so as to satisfy the bandwidth requirement of practical use while taking into consideration miniaturization.
The metal floor 3 has a length of 119.28mm, a width of 224mm and a height of 0.5mm, 10 rows of 10 rectangular through holes are arranged on the surface of the metal floor, the row spacing is 22.4mm, the rectangular through hole spacing on each row is 11.2mm, the length is 2mm, and the width is 0.6mm, so that the balun ground wire 224 is grounded and the balun core wire 225 is connected with the corresponding antenna connector 4 fixed in the rectangular through hole, and a certain gap exists between the balun core wire 225 and the metal floor 3 to prevent short circuit.
The dielectric wide-angle matching plate 1 has a dielectric constant of 2.2, a length of 119.28mm, a width of 224mm and a height of 11.2mm, and is provided with 10 rectangular grooves penetrating through and having a depth of 3.22mm on the surface fixed with the dipole antenna plate 2, and is used for being embedded with the dipole antenna plate 2, so that the change of the reactance of a grounding surface along with the frequency is further counteracted, and the optimal wide-angle scanning performance is achieved. The lower surface of the medium wide angle matching plate 1 is 21mm from the upper surface of the metal floor 3.
The structure of the dipole antenna board 2 is shown in fig. 2, the length is 119.28mm, the width is 0.25mm, the height is 24.22mm, and the distance between two adjacent surfaces of the dipole antenna board 2 is 22.15mm. Comprises a dielectric plate 21 and N periodically arranged dipole radiating units 22, N is more than or equal to 2, in the embodiment, N is 10, which is used for meeting the bandwidth requirement of practical use while taking miniaturization into consideration, the antenna arms 221 of adjacent dipole radiating units 22 are partially crossed and overlapped, and the overlapped part D 1 7.28mm for achieving a tight coupling characteristic.
The dielectric plate 21 has a dielectric constant of 2.2, a length of 119.28mm, a width of 0.25mm and a height of 24.22mm.
The dipole radiating element 22 has a structure shown in fig. 3, and includes two antenna arms 221 printed on the front and back sides of the dielectric plate 21; the two antenna arms 221 printed on the front and back sides of the dielectric plate 21 are respectively provided with a gap, the antenna arms 221 are divided into front arms and rear arms, one front arm is connected with the balance converter ground wire 224, and the other front arm is connected with the balance converter core wire 225; the two rear arms are each connected with the metal floor 3 through a short-circuit balance branch 222, a switch 223 is connected between the two front arms and the rear arms of the two antenna arms 221 and between the balance switch ground line 224 and the two short-circuit balance branches 222. And a switch 223 is connected between the balance switch ground 224 and the two short-circuit balance branches 222, wherein one switch is connected between the balance switch ground 224 and the short-circuit balance branch 222 coplanar with the balance switch ground 224, and the other switch is connected between the balance switch ground 224 and a short-circuit probe on the short-circuit balance branch 222 opposite to the balance switch ground 224.
The two antenna arms printed on the front and back sides of the dielectric plate 21 are broadband butterfly dipole arms, the arm length is 9.34mm, the arm width is 6.44mm, and the L is 1.96mm, so as to realize wider unit bandwidth, and the gap is selected from the center D of the dipole radiating unit 22 2 Is a rectangle of 2.18mm, and the width of the rectangle is 0.5mm so as to meet different requirements on the length of the antenna arm in different modes.
The balun core line 225 is a microstrip line with a constant width of 0.2mm, the balun ground line 224 is an exponential graded microstrip line with an upper end width of 0.2mm and a terminal end width of 2mm, which is widened from top to bottom, so as to realize balanced feed and broadband impedance matching.
The short-circuit balance leg 222 is spaced from the center D of the dipole radiating element 22 3 The microstrip line with the width of 3.08mm and the width of 1.4mm further realizes balanced feed and broadband impedance matching.
The switch 223 adopts a PIN diode switch, and the vertical distance between the switch 223 connected between the ground line 224 of the balance converter and the two short-circuit balance branches 222 and the metal floor 3 is 12.2mm, so as to meet different requirements of balanced feeding and impedance matching under different antenna modes.
When the switch 223 connected in the slots of the front arm and the rear arm of the two antenna arms is turned on, and the switch 223 connected between the front arm and the rear arm of the balance converter ground wire 224 and the two short-circuit balance branches 222 is turned off, a strong mutual coupling effect is generated between the dipole radiating element antenna arms 221, the bandwidth is widened, and in the working state of the switch 223, the grounding length of the balance converter ground wire 224 and the length of the short-circuit balance branches 222 meet the requirements of balanced feed and impedance matching of the low frequency band S/C, meanwhile, a medium wide angle matching plate 1 is loaded above the dipole antenna plate 2 to realize the function of wide angle scanning, the array antenna works in a tight coupling mode and covers the low frequency band S/C, when the switch 223 connected in the slots of the front arm and the rear arm of the two antenna arms is turned off, and the switch 223 connected between the balance converter ground wire 224 and the two short-circuit balance branches 222 is turned on, the overlapping part between the dipole radiating element antenna arms 221 is cut off, and in the working state of the switch 223, meanwhile, the antenna arm length of the balance radiating element antenna arms 221 meets the grounding length of the ground wire 224 and the high frequency band Ku/b matching mode and the conventional antenna is loaded, and the medium wide angle matching plate is loaded on the antenna plate 2, and the medium wide angle matching mode is simultaneously loaded.
The technical effects of the present invention will be described in detail with reference to simulation tests.
1. Conditions and content are simulated.
1.1 Using commercial simulation software HFSS_15.0 for the reflectance S at the above embodiment 11 Simulation calculations were performed, the results of which are shown in fig. 4 and 5, wherein: FIG. 4 shows the reflection coefficient S in the S/C band according to the embodiment of the present invention 11 FIG. 5 shows the reflection coefficient S in the X/Ku band according to the embodiment of the present invention 11 A drawing.
1.2 simulation calculations of the far field scan pattern of the above embodiment using commercial simulation software hfss—15.0, the results are shown in fig. 6, 7, 8 and 9, wherein: fig. 6 (a) is an E-plane scanning pattern at 2GHz, fig. 6 (b) is an H-plane scanning pattern at 2GHz, fig. 7 (a) is an E-plane scanning pattern at 6GHz, fig. 7 (b) is an E-plane scanning pattern at 6GHz, fig. 8 (a) is an E-plane scanning pattern at 9GHz, fig. 8 (b) is an H-plane scanning pattern at 9GHz, fig. 9 (a) is an E-plane scanning pattern at 15GHz, and fig. 9 (b) is an H-plane scanning pattern at 15GHz.
2. And (5) analyzing simulation results.
Referring to fig. 4, the abscissa is frequency and the ordinate is reflectance S 11 In S form 11 The impedance bandwidth of the embodiment of the invention is 2GHz-6GHz in the S/C frequency band with the standard less than or equal to-10 dB.
Referring to fig. 5, the abscissa is frequency and the ordinate is reflectance S 11 In S form 11 The impedance bandwidth of the embodiment of the invention is 9GHz-15GHz in the X/Ku frequency band with the standard less than or equal to-10 dB.
Referring to fig. 6 and 7, the abscissa is the scanning angle θ, and the ordinate is the gain, and the embodiment of the present invention achieves wide-angle scanning performance of the E-plane and the H-plane in the 2GHz-6GHz frequency band.
Referring to fig. 8 and 9, the abscissa is the scanning angle θ, and the ordinate is the gain, and the embodiment of the present invention achieves wide-angle scanning performance of the E-plane and the H-plane in the 9GHz-15GHz band.
The simulation results show that the embodiment of the invention has good impedance bandwidth and wide-angle scanning performance in the S/C/X/Ku frequency band, and meets the design requirements.
The foregoing description is only a specific example of the invention, and it will be apparent to those skilled in the art that various modifications and changes in form and detail may be made without departing from the principles and construction of the invention, but these modifications and changes based on the invention are still within the scope of the appended claims.
Claims (9)
1. A reconfigurable tightly-coupled broadband array antenna comprises a medium wide angle matching plate (1) and a metal floor (3) which are arranged in parallel up and down, and M periodically parallel arranged dipole antenna plates (2) which are vertically fixed between the medium wide angle matching plate (1) and the metal floor (3), wherein M is more than or equal to 2; the dipole antenna board (2) comprises a dielectric board (21) and N periodically arranged dipole radiation units (22) printed on the dielectric board (21), wherein N is more than or equal to 2, the dipole radiation units (22) comprise two antenna arms (221) printed on the front side and the back side of the dielectric board (21), and the antenna arms (221) of adjacent dipole radiation units (22) are partially overlapped in a crossing mode and are used for realizing tight coupling characteristics; the metal floor (3) is provided with a plurality of mounting holes, and each mounting hole is internally provided with an antenna connector (4);
the method is characterized in that:
the two antenna arms (221) printed on the front surface and the back surface of the dielectric plate (21) are respectively provided with a gap, the antenna arms (221) are divided into front arms and rear arms, one front arm is connected with a balance converter ground wire (224), the other front arm is connected with a balance converter core wire (225), and the balance converter core wire (225) is connected with a corresponding antenna connector (4); the two rear arms are respectively connected with the metal floor (3) through a short circuit balance branch joint (222), the gaps between the front arms and the rear arms of the two antenna arms (221) are internally provided with a switch (223), and a ground wire (224) of the balance converter is respectively connected with the two short circuit balance branch joints (222); when a switch (223) connected in a gap between a front arm and a rear arm of the two antenna arms (221) is turned on and a switch (223) connected between a balance converter ground wire (224) and the two short-circuit balance branches (222) is turned off, the array antenna works in a tight coupling mode to cover a low frequency band S/C, and when a switch (223) connected in a gap between a front arm and a rear arm of the two antenna arms is turned off and a switch (223) connected between the balance converter ground wire (224) and the two short-circuit balance branches (222) is turned on, the array antenna works in a normal mode to cover a high frequency band X/Ku for realizing reconfigurable characteristics.
2. A reconfigurable close-coupled broadband array antenna according to claim 1, characterized in that the dielectric wide-angle matching plate (1) is provided with M rectangular grooves arranged periodically in parallel on the surface to which the dipole antenna plates (2) are fixed, for embedding with the M dipole antenna plates (2).
3. A reconfigurable close-coupled broadband array antenna according to claim 1, wherein the two antenna arms (221) printed on opposite sides of the dielectric plate (21) are butterfly broadband dipoles.
4. A reconfigurable close-coupled broadband array antenna according to claim 1, wherein the two slots provided in the antenna arms (221) printed on opposite sides of the dielectric plate (21) are perpendicular to the plane of the metal floor (3), and the positions of the slots on the antenna arms (221) are variable according to different frequency requirements.
5. A reconfigurable close-coupled broadband array antenna according to claim 1, characterized in that the switches (223) connected in the slots of the front and rear arms of the two antenna arms (221) and between the balun ground (224) and the two short-circuited balun legs (222) are PIN diode switches.
6. A reconfigurable close-coupled broadband array antenna according to claim 1, characterized in that the position of the switch (223) connected between the balun ground (224) and the two shorted balanced branches (222) is variable according to different balanced feed and impedance matching requirements.
7. A reconfigurable close-coupled broadband array antenna according to claim 1, wherein the two rear arms are each connected to the metal floor (3) by a short-circuit balance branch (222), the connection location being variable according to different balanced feed and impedance matching requirements.
8. A reconfigurable close-coupled broadband array antenna according to claim 1, characterized in that one switch (223) is connected between the balun ground (224) and two short-circuited balun legs (222), one switch being connected between the balun ground (224) and a short-circuited balun leg (222) coplanar with the balun ground (224), the other switch being connected between the balun ground (224) and a shorting probe on a short-circuited balun leg (222) that is off-plane with the balun ground (224).
9. A reconfigurable close-coupled broadband array antenna according to claim 1, characterized in that the balun core (225) is an equally wide microstrip line, the balun ground (224) is an exponentially graded microstrip line with a width that widens from top to bottom, and the centerline of the equally wide microstrip line coincides with the centerline of the exponentially graded microstrip line.
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| CN109037895B (en) * | 2018-07-24 | 2023-09-29 | 复旦大学 | Wide bandwidth angular low profile tightly coupled antenna array |
| CN109273834A (en) * | 2018-08-29 | 2019-01-25 | 电子科技大学 | A kind of strong mutual coupling phased array antenna of ultra wide band based on grounded metal band |
| CN110265775B (en) * | 2019-03-06 | 2020-12-25 | 中国船舶重工集团公司第七二三研究所 | Multi-band dish antenna based on novel combined loading mode |
| CN111697331B (en) * | 2020-06-22 | 2024-03-22 | 东南大学 | Ultra-wideband tightly coupled antenna array and antenna equipment |
| CN113078464A (en) * | 2021-04-09 | 2021-07-06 | 东南大学 | Electrically small-sized frequency-adjustable broadband antenna |
| CN113675621B (en) * | 2021-08-19 | 2024-03-12 | 西北核技术研究所 | Tightly coupled array antenna loaded with current loop and antenna unit |
| CN114336031A (en) * | 2022-01-07 | 2022-04-12 | 中国电子科技集团公司第十研究所 | Directional diagram reconfigurable unit and phased array antenna formed by same |
| CN115020969B (en) * | 2022-05-30 | 2023-05-09 | 南京信息工程大学 | Broadband polarization reconfigurable antenna applied to 5G micro base station |
| CN117594984B (en) * | 2024-01-19 | 2024-03-26 | 微网优联科技(成都)有限公司 | Planar pattern reconfigurable antenna |
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