CN103633431A - Low-profile adjustable tri-band antenna - Google Patents
Low-profile adjustable tri-band antenna Download PDFInfo
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- CN103633431A CN103633431A CN201310660781.2A CN201310660781A CN103633431A CN 103633431 A CN103633431 A CN 103633431A CN 201310660781 A CN201310660781 A CN 201310660781A CN 103633431 A CN103633431 A CN 103633431A
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Abstract
The invention discloses a low-profile adjustable tri-band antenna. Deformable fractal dipole upper and lower arms are printed on the upper and lower surfaces of a first medium substrate respectively and are symmetric about a horizontal center line of the substrate. A first-order radiating unit is connected with a dual feed microstrip line and extends to the edge of the first medium substrate. A corresponding inductance-connected direct-current offset line is adapted to the radiating unit of each order. Inner vertexes of radiating patches of second-order and third-order radiating units are connected through rectangular patches to form respective radiating units. A PIN switch is loaded between the radiating units of adjacent orders in order to achieve frequency adjustability. The first medium substrate is placed on a second medium substrate and isolated from the same with a foam board. EBG units in periodical arrangement are printed on the second medium substrate so that antenna gain is increased. The low-profile adjustable tri-band antenna has the advantages that the problems that the antenna is difficult to adjust under high frequency, a directional gram is instable and the profile is high are solved, the antenna can feature low-profile adjustability of high-frequency bands X, Ku and Ka, and the low-profile adjustable tri-band antenna is applicable to wireless communications and satellite communications.
Description
Technical field
The invention belongs to electronic technology field, relate to low section frequency adjustable antenna technology, be particularly related to three designs of adjustable antenna frequently of a kind of high frequency X, Ku, Ka wave band, specifically a kind of low section three frequency adjustable antennas, can be applied to radio communication and satellite communication system.
Background technology
Along with the development of radio communication, antenna is more remarkable for the importance of whole communication equipment, has low section, and the antenna of high-gain and enough characteristics such as bandwidth will be also trend and the requirement of communication system development.While is along with the increase of communication system functionality, the antenna amount carrying on each carrier is more and more, the weight of institute's load also increases thereupon, and due to spatial limitation, the placement of a plurality of antennas will affect the even operating characteristic of whole system of each antenna performance, and Electro Magnetic Compatibility becomes an important problem.Under such environment, reconfigurable antenna has obtained more development.
This concept of reconfigurable antenna is to be proposed in " Frequency Agile, Polarization Diverse Microstrip Antenna and Frequency Scanned Arrays " patent by people such as D.Schaubert nineteen eighty-three the earliest.The switch that the reconfigurable antenna of studying in present stage is used mainly contains PIN switch and mems switch, and mems switch is easy to use, but expense is very high, and the domestic preparation to it is simultaneously not very ripe.And the research of PIN switch is comparatively ripe, price is lower simultaneously, but need to load DC voltage difference on the both sides of switch, with this, carrys out the break-make of control switch.PIN switch loads DC bias circuit and tends to the various characteristics of antenna to form impact, may cause operating frequency of antenna skew, pattern distortion, the problems such as gain reduction.Present stage, reconfigurable antenna mainly concentrated on the communication band of microwave band, the reconfigurable antenna development of the high frequency bands such as satellite communication but seldom, be mainly the restriction due to designing technique, and prepare the reasons such as the difficulty of high frequency antenna is larger, and the selection of duplexer is simultaneously less.Therefore simplicity of design, the design of the high frequency adjustable antenna of the stable and high-gain of directional diagram becomes a focus and difficult point.
To sum up, at present reconfigurable antenna is faced with three problems, and 1. adjustable frequency mainly concentrates on the low-frequency bands such as WLAN, and even the satellite antenna of Ka wave band is less to be applicable to high frequency X, Ku wave band.2. the selection of switch, the using method of PIN switch is more ripe, but while loading PIN switch on antenna, the design of direct current biasing line is larger on antenna impact, mems switch is easy-to-use, but develop not mature enough to mems switch preparation method, expense is higher simultaneously, and through engineering approaches is used existing problems.3. under the condition of low section, cannot meet the requirement of antenna high-gain.
Summary of the invention
Present invention is directed at radio communication and satellite communication to the demand of antenna and the deficiencies in the prior art, frequently adjustable, high-gain, the simple low section three of control adjustable antennas frequently of a kind of low section, three are provided.
Above-mentioned purpose is achieved through the following technical solutions:
The present invention is a kind of low section three adjustable antenna frequently, include: first medium substrate, single order radiating element, Order Radiation unit, three rank radiating elements, dual feed microstrip line, second medium substrate, second medium substrate is printed rhythmic EBG unit, the metal floor that the square patch that EBG unit comprises the side's of being etched with circumferential weld gap of printing on second medium substrate upper strata and second medium substrate lower floor print, first medium substrate is placed on second medium substrate, between two medium substrates, there is cystosepiment to be separated by, on first medium substrate, three radiating element longitudinal arrangements are printed on two surfaces of medium substrate, on upper and lower two surfaces of first medium substrate, three radiating element common combinations are separately called dipole, the combination of three radiating element pasters of first medium upper surface of base plate is called dipole upper arm, the combination of three radiating element pasters of its lower surface is called dipole underarm, on dipole, underarm is symmetrical in first medium substrate horizontal center line, single order radiating element comprises a radiation patch, Order Radiation unit comprises two radiation patch, three rank radiating elements comprise two radiation patch, the size of radiation patch is relevant to the resonance frequency of whole antenna, upper and lower two the surperficial single order radiating elements of first medium substrate are all connected with dual feed microstrip line separately, dual feed microstrip line extends to first medium substrate edge, low section three of the present invention frequently adjustable antenna also includes direct current biasing line and inductance, single order radiating element is connected with single order direct current biasing line, Order Radiation unit is connected with second order direct current biasing line, three rank radiating elements are connected with three rank direct current biasing lines, radiating element of the present invention is on traditional Si erpinski fractal dipole basis, adopt the fractal dipole of distortion, the fractal dipole of this distortion is electrically connected to summit inside the radiation patch in Order Radiation unit and three rank radiating elements with rectangular patch the radiating element forming separately, between each adjacent rank radiating element, on longitudinal arrangement center line, loading a PIN switch, to carry out frequency adjustable, the present invention only uses two groups of switches just can produce the adjustable of three kinds of frequencies.Every rank radiating element has connected each self-corresponding direct current biasing line, on three groups of direct current biasing lines, be connected to separately inductance, two groups of PIN switches by second order direct current biasing line altogether, be that second order direct current biasing line is the common land of two groups of PIN switch DC signals, single order direct current biasing line and three rank direct current biasing lines are respectively the positive pole of PIN switch DC signal separately, the present invention only needs three groups of direct current biasing lines to control respectively two groups of PIN switches, in the present invention, when all PIN switches disconnect, single order radiating element produces Ka wave band place resonance frequency band.When PIN switch is communicated with between single order radiating element and Order Radiation unit, produce Ku frequency band place resonance frequency band.All PIN switches are all when connected state, and all radiation patch are electrically connected to mutually, produce X-band place resonance frequency band, realize X, Ku, Ka tri-is frequently adjustable.The EBG unit of the periodic arrangement that second medium substrate is printed produces X, Ku frequency band homophase reflection characteristic, at Ka frequency band, with metallic reflection plate form, work simultaneously, first medium substrate loads after second medium substrate, and on the adjustable basis of three frequencies, antenna is realized low section, high gain characteristics.
Realization of the present invention is also: the radiation patch in each rank radiating element is triangle patch, single order radiating element is an equilateral triangle, Order Radiation unit is two equilateral triangles formations that are connected with rectangular patch, two large equilateral triangle pasters of little equilateral triangle formations that are connected with rectangular patch that three rank radiating elements have been hollow out.Adopt triangle patch can effectively reduce antenna size, simultaneously broadening antenna bandwidth of operation.The length of side of triangle radiation patch is 1mm-3mm, can adjust the resonance frequency of each frequency band by adjusting the triangle radiation patch length of side.
Realization of the present invention is also: the radiation patch in each rank radiating element that first medium substrate is printed or for rectangle or be circular patch, than conventional dipole, all have the broadening beamwidth of antenna, reduce the effect of antenna size, processing is simultaneously simple, cost is lower.
Realization of the present invention is also: between first medium substrate and second medium substrate, cystosepiment thickness is 1mm-3mm, adopt the cystosepiment that dielectric constant is 1, cystosepiment thickness determines two medium substrate spacing, regulates cystosepiment thickness can regulate antenna radiation characteristics.
Realization of the present invention is also: on second medium substrate, EBG unit paster etching gap width is 0.1-1mm.Adjust gap width and can change EBG unit homophase reflection characteristic.Utilize reflection characteristic in the same way can reduce antenna frequencies, improve antenna gain, reduce antenna backlobe simultaneously.
Realization of the present invention is also: on first medium substrate, direct current biasing inductance value that line connects is 0.1-1 μ H.The access of inductance can the impact of DC-offset correction line on antenna performance, makes antenna produce stable directional diagram.
Realization of the present invention is also: the dielectric constant of first medium substrate and second medium substrate is all between 2-10, and change in dielectric constant affects the variation of antenna electric size.
Compared with prior art, tool of the present invention has the following advantages:
1, the present invention adopts the fractal dipole of distortion, with rectangular patch, Order Radiation unit is connected with summit inside radiation patch in three rank radiating elements, form respectively Order Radiation unit and three rank radiating elements, between each adjacent rank radiating element, only need to loading a PIN switch, to carry out frequency adjustable, PIN number of switches compared with prior art reduces 50%, antenna size has obtained reducing simultaneously, and impedance bandwidth is able to broadening.
2, the present invention adopts common ground two-way direct current biasing line, uses altogether three groups of direct current biasing lines can independently control two groups of switches, and antenna is regulated mutually in X, Ku, these three different high-frequency band of Ka.Compare direct current biasing line decreased number one tunnel with traditional adjustable antenna.
3, second medium substrate of the present invention adopts the double frequency EBG structure of simplicity of design as reflecting plate, after the square patch etching side circumferential weld gap of periodic arrangement, with the homophase reflection characteristic of lower metal floor generation X-band and Ku wave band.When Ka wave band, second medium substrate is equivalent to metallic reflection plate simultaneously.By load second medium substrate under first medium substrate, three resonance frequency band gains of antenna are all greatly improved, and directional diagram back lobe is effectively suppressed.Compare with traditional metallic reflection plate, second medium substrate and antenna distance are fixed, and antenna section is lower, and in three different working bands, the fore-and-aft distance of EBG unit and first medium substrate is all fixed as 2mm, much smaller than 1/4 traditional wavelength.
4, each rank direct current biasing line access inductance of antenna of the present invention, has effectively eliminated the impact of direct current biasing line on antenna radiation characteristics, and antenna is stable at three different working band pattern characteristics.
5, the present invention adopts dual feed microstrip line to carry out feed to antenna, medium substrate upper strata microstrip line is the wide microstrip line of 0.4mm, medium substrate lower floor microstrip line is the gradual change microstrip line of one section of width from 0.4mm linear gradient to 2mm, such design can realize better impedance matching, broadening antenna impedance bandwidth.
6, flexible design of the present invention, can, according to the actual requirements by regulating the size of radiating element, change adjustable frequency.Can, by increasing antenna radiation unit number, realize more multifrequency adjustable.Antenna cost is low simultaneously, processing is simple, be easy to through engineering approaches.
Accompanying drawing explanation
Fig. 1 is structural representation of the present invention, is also the front view of embodiment 1;
Fig. 2 is the rearview of the first medium substrate of the embodiment of the present invention 1;
Fig. 3 is the upward view of the embodiment of the present invention 1;
Fig. 4 is the structural representation of the embodiment of the present invention 4, is also the front view of embodiment 4;
Fig. 5 is the structural representation of the embodiment of the present invention 5, is also the front view of embodiment 5;
Fig. 6 is the Ka frequency band emulation impedance characteristic figure of the embodiment of the present invention 1;
Fig. 7 is that the embodiment of the present invention 1 is at Ku frequency band emulation impedance characteristic figure;
Fig. 8 is that the embodiment of the present invention 1 is at X-band emulation impedance characteristic figure;
Fig. 9 is that the embodiment of the present invention 1 is at the emulation antenna pattern of 28GHz;
Figure 10 is that the embodiment of the present invention 1 is at the emulation antenna pattern of 15GHz;
Figure 11 is that the embodiment of the present invention 1 is at the emulation antenna pattern of 9.5GHz;
Figure 12 is the EBG unit reflected phase will analogous diagram of the embodiment of the present invention 1.
Specific implementation method:
Below in conjunction with embodiment and accompanying drawing, the present invention is described further:
Lower for existing reconfigurable antenna operating frequency, gain low, section is high, loaded switches is larger on antenna radiation characteristics impact simultaneously, cannot meet the deficiencies such as demand of satellite communication, the present invention has carried out innovation and research, low section three of the present invention is adjustable antenna frequently, referring to Fig. 1, include: first medium substrate 1, single order radiating element 2, Order Radiation unit 3, three rank radiating elements 4, dual feed microstrip line 8, second medium substrate 11, second medium substrate 11 is printed rhythmic EBG unit 12, the metal floor that the square patch 13 that EBG unit 12 comprises the side's of being etched with circumferential weld gap 14 of printing on second medium substrate 11 upper stratas and second medium substrate 11 lower floors print, in other words, the lower floor of second medium substrate 11 is metal floor, its upper strata is printed with EBG unit 12, EBG unit 12 is with periodic arrangement, to be distributed in the upper strata of whole second medium substrate 11, as EBG unit 12 its structures, be that upper strata is the square patch 13 of the side's of being etched with circumferential weld gap 14, the metal floor of lower floor for printing.First medium substrate 1 is placed on second medium substrate 11, between two medium substrates, has cystosepiment 15 to be separated by, and uses bonding technique that first medium substrate 1 and second medium substrate 11 are separately fixed to upper and lower two surfaces of cystosepiment 15.On first medium substrate 1, three radiating element 2-4 longitudinal arrangements are printed on two surfaces of medium substrate, on upper and lower two surfaces of first medium substrate 1, three radiating element 2-4 common combinations are separately called dipole, the combination of three radiating element 2-4 pasters of first medium substrate 1 upper surface is called dipole upper arm, the combination of three radiating element 2-4 pasters of first medium substrate 1 lower surface is called dipole underarm, on dipole, underarm is symmetrical in first medium substrate 1 horizontal center line, single order radiating element 2 comprises a radiation patch, Order Radiation unit 3 comprises two radiation patch, three rank radiating elements 4 comprise two radiation patch, the single order radiating element 1 on upper and lower two surfaces of first medium substrate 1 is all electrically connected to dual feed microstrip line 8 separately, referring to Fig. 1 and Fig. 2, the right side of dual feed microstrip line 8 extends to first medium substrate 1 edge, low section three of the present invention frequently adjustable antenna also includes direct current biasing line 5-7 and inductance 9, single order radiating element 2 is connected with single order direct current biasing line 5, Order Radiation unit 3 is connected with second order direct current biasing line 6, three rank radiating elements 4 are connected 7 with three rank direct current biasing lines, radiating element adopts the fractal dipole of distortion, mainly to have increased rectangular patch on traditional Si erpinski fractal dipole basis, with rectangular patch, connect each two radiation patch about dipole longitudinal midline symmetry in Order Radiation unit 3 and three rank radiating elements 4, specifically with rectangular patch, summit inside the radiation patch in Order Radiation unit 3 and three rank radiating elements 4 is electrically connected to the radiating element forming separately, between each adjacent rank radiating element, on longitudinal arrangement center line, only need to loading a PIN switch 10, to carry out frequency adjustable, every rank radiating element 2-4 has connected each self-corresponding direct current biasing line 5-7, the present invention uses two groups of PIN switches 10 just can produce the adjustable of three kinds of frequencies altogether.On three groups of direct current biasing line 5-7, be connected to separately inductance 9, two groups of PIN switches 10 by second order direct current biasing line 6 altogether, second order direct current biasing line 6 is the common land of two groups of PIN switch 10 direct current signals, single order direct current biasing line 5 is the positive pole of PIN switch 10 direct current signals that connect between single order radiating element 2 and Order Radiation unit 3, three rank direct current biasing lines 7 are the positive pole of PIN switch 10 direct current signals that connect between Order Radiation unit 3 and three rank radiating elements 4, the present invention only needs three groups of direct current biasing line 5-7 to control respectively two groups of PIN switches 10, just can realize X, Ku, tri-frequency bands of Ka are adjustable, on the three adjustable bases of frequency, the EBG unit 12 of the periodic arrangement that second medium substrate 11 is printed produces X, Ku frequency band homophase reflection characteristic, at Ka frequency band, with metallic reflection plate form, work simultaneously, first medium substrate 1 loads after second medium substrate 11, and on the adjustable basis of three frequencies, antenna has been realized low section, high-gain three tunable characteristics frequently.
Referring to Fig. 3, in this example, the dielectric constant of first medium substrate 1 is 2.97, and substrate thickness is 0.254mm, and dielectric loss is 0.0015, second medium substrate 11 dielectric constants are 3, substrate thickness is 1.5mm, and dielectric loss is 0.0015, and between first medium substrate 1 and second medium substrate 11, adopting dielectric constant is 1, thickness is that the cystosepiment 15 of 2mm is separated by, cystosepiment 15 is lightweight, loads easily, and cost is low.In the present invention, the radiation patch of single order radiating element 2 is equilateral triangle, two radiation patch in Order Radiation unit 3 are two identical equilateral triangles, placement direction is identical with single order radiating element 2, two equilateral triangles are symmetrical about dipole longitudinal midline, and its summit, inner side is connected by rectangular patch.Two radiation patch in three rank radiating elements 4 are identical triangle hollow out paster, the little leg-of-mutton large triangle patch that has been specially hollow out, wherein large triangle placement direction is identical with single order radiating element 2, little triangular apex is respectively each limit mid point of large triangle, little triangle placement direction is contrary with large triangle placement direction, two triangle hollow out pasters are symmetrical about dipole longitudinal midline, and its summit, inner side is connected by two rectangular radiation patch.This technical characterictic of the present invention makes between radiation patch inner vertex, to be directly electrically connected in every rank radiating element 2-4.Therefore in the present invention, on dipole, in underarm, between each adjacent rank radiating element, each need to load a PIN switch 10 just can to realize the frequency of antenna adjustable, in prior art, be also that with switch, to realize frequency adjustable, but in prior art, between each adjacent rank radiating element of traditional Si erpinski fractal dipole, need to load two switches, take Fig. 1 as example, need to each time summit of two radiation patch in Order Radiation unit 3 be connected respectively with single order radiating element 2 with two switches, also need with two switches, summit under two radiation patch in three rank radiating elements 4 to be connected respectively with Order Radiation unit 3 simultaneously, the symmetry of guarantee antenna and the stability of antenna pattern like this.Therefore technical scheme of the present invention has reduced number of switches, only need between Order Radiation unit 3 rectangular patch midpoint and single order radiating element 2, load a PIN switch 10 along dipole longitudinal midline, between three rank radiating element 4 rectangular patch midpoint and Order Radiation unit 3, load a PIN switch 10 simultaneously, so just both guaranteed symmetry and the radiation characteristic that antenna is good, the number of switches of required control simultaneously reduces, reduced the complexity that switch is controlled, strengthened the stability of antenna, reduce antenna cost, simplified processed complex degree.For connecting lead-in wire direction 90 degree vertical with dipole two arm longitudinal arrangement center lines of the dual feed microstrip line 8 of single order radiating element 2, length is 16.9mm, feed microstrip line 8 width that first medium substrate 1 upper surface is printed are 0.4mm, the width of the feed microstrip line 8 that lower surface is printed is by 0.4mm gradual change 2mm most, so both guaranteed the impedance matching that antenna is good, and be beneficial to again and load alternating-current feeding joint simultaneously.Referring to Fig. 1, single order direct current biasing line of the present invention 5 length are 4.5mm, width is 0.1mm, and second order direct current biasing line 6 length are 4mm, and width is 0.1mm, three rank direct current biasing line 7 length are 3.2mm, width is 0.1mm, is connected to separately 0.84 μ H inductance 9 on three groups of direct current biasing line 5-7, and the present invention introduces inductance 9 and eliminates the impact of each direct current biasing line 5-7 on antenna radiation characteristics, make antenna pattern stable, matching properties is good.The size of radiating element is relevant to the resonance frequency of whole antenna, when all PIN switches 10 disconnect, single order radiating element 2 produces Ka wave band place resonance frequency band, the single order radiating element 2 triangle length of sides are a1, a1 can regulate selected between 1-3mm, when a1 gets 1.26mm, antenna is operated in 27.8～31.2GHz.When PIN switch 10 between single order radiating element 2 and Order Radiation unit 3 is communicated with, produce Ku frequency band place resonance frequency, the Order Radiation unit 3 intermediate cam shape length of sides are a2, connect triangle inner vertex rectangle length and are respectively 1.3mm and 2.5mm, width is 0.2mm.In single order radiating element 2, a1 is fixedly time, and a2 regulates and can change Ku wave band resonance frequency between 1-3mm, and in this example, a2 gets 1.2mm, and antenna is operated in 14.1～16.8GHz.All PIN switches 10 are all when connected state, between single order radiating element 2 and Order Radiation unit 3, between Order Radiation unit 3 and three rank radiating elements 4, all by PIN switch 10, be connected, produce X-band place resonance frequency, a2 respectively fixedly time in a1 and Order Radiation unit 3 in single order radiating element 2, in three rank radiating elements 4, the large triangle length of side is a3, and the little triangle length of side of hollow out is a3/2.Connecting large triangular apex rectangle long is 2.2mm, and wide is 0.2mm, and a3 regulates at 1-3mm, and when a3 is 1.94mm, antenna is operated in 8.96～9.67GHz.In the radiating element of above-mentioned every rank, by regulating the triangle length of side of every rank radiating element, can determine adjustable frequency.Meanwhile, because the corresponding radiating element of each frequency band institute is different, the present invention can facilitate, each size of independence, flexible antenna, to regulate three different frequency band adjustments scopes of antenna.
When adopting common metal reflecting plate to improve antenna gain, reflecting plate must be placed on apart from antenna 1/4 wavelength place, but three frequency adjustable antenna different frequency corresponding wavelength are different, the position of the required placement of different frequency bands metallic reflection plate is different, therefore for three frequency adjustable antennas, common metal reflecting plate cannot be fixed on to same position, increased the use difficulty of antenna, and corresponding 1/4 wavelength in X-band place is 10mm, two layer medium substrate distance is excessive, antenna section is too high, take up room excessive, cannot use in satellite communication system.Than common metal reflecting plate, periodicity EBG unit 12 structures that the present invention uses are referring to Fig. 1, the metal floor that 5 * 7 square patchs 13 that comprise second medium substrate 11 upper strata periodic arrangement and second medium substrate 11 lower floors print, square patch 13 length of sides are 5mm, adjacent patch spacing is 1mm, each square patch 13 etching side's circumferential weld gap 14, square patch 13 and square circumferential weld gap 14 center superpositions, side's circumferential weld gap 14 outer length of sides are 4.5mm, and the interior length of side is 4mm.The EBG unit 12 of periodic arrangement produces double frequency reflected phase will characteristic, the homophase reflected phase will characteristic working band of X-band is: 8.45GHz-9.78GHz (0 ° of frequency is 9.22GHz), the homophase reflected phase will characteristic working band of Ku wave band is: 15.03GHz-18GHz (0 ° of frequency is 16.46GHz), at X, two frequency bands of Ku, it is the position at 2mm place that second medium substrate 11 can be fixed with first medium substrate 1 fore-and-aft distance simultaneously, antenna gain obtains improving, and has guaranteed antenna good impedance match.In X-band, antenna working band is 8.96～9.67GHz, and antenna is 8.16dB in the gain of 9.5GHz place.Ku wave band antenna working band is 14.1～16.8GHz, and antenna is 7.66dB in the gain of 15GHz place.At Ka frequency band second medium substrate 11, with metallic reflection plate form, work, second medium substrate 11 is fixed on Ka wave band place 1/4 wavelength with first medium substrate 1 spacing and is about 2mm place, Ka wave band antenna working band is 27.8～31.2GHz, and at 28GHz place, antenna gain is increased to 10.1dB.To sum up, the present invention is by loading double frequency EBG unit 12 structures, rationally solve the problem that common metal strip is come that loads, when antenna is operated in the different frequency band of tri-of X, Ku, Ka, two layer medium substrate spacing is only all 2mm, and antenna all has than three frequency band place gains of traditional monopole antenna the raising that is greater than 3dB, has realized low section, two characteristics of high-gain simultaneously.
The course of work of the present invention is: at first medium substrate, 1 dual feed microstrip line 8 places, right side load AC signal, in direct current biasing line 5-7 left side, load direct current signal.When all direct current biasing line 5-7 above load without direct current signal, 2 work of single order radiating element, antenna is operated in Ka wave band.Single order direct current biasing line 5 loads direct-flow positive pole and second order direct current biasing line 6 loads direct current negative pole, when direct current surpasses 10mA, single order radiating element 2 is communicated with Order Radiation unit 3 joint PIN switches 10, now the effective radiating element of antenna is single order radiating element 2 and Order Radiation unit 3, and antenna is operated in Ku frequency band.When single order direct current biasing line 5 and three rank direct current biasing lines 7 all load direct-flow positive pole, second order direct current biasing line 6 loads direct current negative pole, and when direct current surpasses 10mA, now all PIN switches 10 are communicated with, effective radiating element of antenna is all radiating element 2-4, and now antenna is operated in X-band.
The formation of low section three frequency adjustable antennas and structure are with embodiment 1, in the present embodiment, in first medium substrate printing radiating element, radiation patch is triangle, single order radiating element radiation patch triangle length of side a1 is 1mm, Order Radiation unit radiation patch triangle length of side a2 is 1mm, three rank radiating element radiation patch triangle length of side a3 are 3mm, between first medium substrate and second medium substrate, the thickness of cystosepiment is 1mm, EBG unit paster etching gap width on second medium substrate is 1mm, the EBG unit paster of periodic arrangement produces the reflected phase will characteristic of X-band and Ku wave band.In this example, on first medium substrate, direct current biasing inductance value that line connects is 0.1 μ H, the dielectric constant of first medium substrate is 10, the dielectric constant of second medium substrate is 2, all the other structures are the same with the low section three frequency adjustable antennas in embodiment 1, and the relation between each structure is also the same with the low section three frequency adjustable antennas in embodiment 1.
The formation of low section three frequency adjustable antennas and structure are with embodiment 1-2, in each rank radiating element that in the present embodiment, first medium substrate is printed, radiation patch is triangle, single order radiating element radiation patch triangle length of side a1 is 3mm, Order Radiation unit radiation patch triangle length of side a2 is 3mm, three rank radiating element radiation patch triangle length of side a3 are 1mm, and between first medium substrate and second medium substrate, the thickness of cystosepiment is 3mm; EBG unit paster etching gap width on second medium substrate is 0.1mm; On first medium substrate, direct current biasing inductance value that line connects is 1 μ H, in each rank direct current biasing line of antenna of the present invention, all access inductance, effectively eliminate the impact of offset line on antenna radiation characteristics, made antenna more stable at three different working band pattern characteristics.In this example, the dielectric constant of first medium substrate is 2, the dielectric constant of second medium substrate is 10, and all the other structures are the same with the low section three frequency adjustable antennas in embodiment 1 or 2, and the relation between each structure is also the same with the low section three frequency adjustable antennas in embodiment 1 or 2.
The formation of low section three frequency adjustable antennas and structure are with embodiment 1-3, and in each rank radiating element 2-4 that in the present embodiment, first medium substrate 1 is printed, radiation patch is rectangular patch, referring to Fig. 4; Between first medium substrate 1 and second medium substrate 11, the thickness of cystosepiment is 1mm, on first medium substrate 1, direct current biasing line inductance value that 5-7 connects 9 is 0.5 μ H, the dielectric constant of first medium substrate 1 is 5, the dielectric constant of second medium substrate 11 is 5, outer all the other structures of above-mentioned parameter are the same with the low section three frequency adjustable antennas in embodiment 1, and the relation between each structure is also the same with the low section three frequency adjustable antennas in embodiment 1.Antenna has been realized low section, two characteristics of high-gain simultaneously.
The formation of low section three frequency adjustable antennas and structure are with embodiment 1-4, referring to Fig. 5, in each rank radiating element 2-4 that in the present embodiment, first medium substrate 1 is printed, radiation patch is circular patch, in single order radiating element 2, circular patch diameter is 1.2mm, in Order Radiation unit 3, circular patch diameter is 1.2mm, in three rank radiating elements 4, circular patch diameter is 1.8mm, the variation of patch shape has embodied applicability and the flexibility of antenna of the present invention, outer all the other structures of above-mentioned parameter are the same with the low section three frequency adjustable antennas in embodiment 1, relation between each structure is also the same with the low section three frequency adjustable antennas in embodiment 1-4.
More than that five instantiations of the present invention do not form any limitation of the invention.
Case effect of the present invention can further illustrate by following result figure:
Use low section three frequency adjustable antennas of the present invention to carry out the adjustable imitaion and simulation of frequency, simulation model is embodiments of the invention 1.
When the mode of operation of all PIN switches 10 in off-state, S parameters simulation result figure is shown in Fig. 6, and now antenna is operated in Ka frequency band, and as seen from the figure, the working band in this example is 27.8～31.2GHz, completely in Ka frequency band.
When the mode of operation of the PIN switch 10 that connects single order radiating element 2 second orders and radiating element 3 in conducting state, S parameters simulation the results are shown in Figure 7, and now antenna is operated in Ku frequency band, visible in figure, working band in this example is 14.1～16.8GHz, completely in Ku frequency band.
When the mode of operation of all PIN switches 10 in conducting state, S parameters simulation the results are shown in Figure 8, and now antenna is operated in X-band, visible in figure, and the working band in this example is 8.96～9.67GHz, completely in X-band.
The present invention is carried out to emulation at 28GHz place directional diagram, and the results are shown in Figure smooth solid line in 9, figure is H face directional diagram, and band point curve is E face directional diagram, can observe discovery, and pattern characteristics is forward radiation, gains as 10.1dB.
The present invention is carried out to emulation at 15GHz place directional diagram, the results are shown in Figure 10, in figure, smooth solid line is H face directional diagram, and band point curve is E face directional diagram, can observe discovery, and pattern characteristics is forward radiation, gains as 7.66dB.
Meanwhile, the present invention is carried out to emulation at 9.5GHz place directional diagram, the results are shown in Figure 11, in figure, smooth solid line is H face directional diagram, and band point curve is E face directional diagram, can observe discovery, and pattern characteristics is forward radiation, gains as 8.16dB.
The reflected phase will characteristic Simulation curve of the EBG unit on second medium substrate of the present invention is as Figure 12, from simulation result, can find out: 0 ° ± 90 ° frequency ranges of EBG are respectively 8.45GHz-9.78GHz (0 ° of frequency is 9.22GHz) in X-band, and 15.03GHz-18GHz (0 ° of frequency is 16.46GHz) is in Ku frequency band.
In brief, low section three of the present invention is adjustable antenna frequently, on upper and lower two surfaces of first medium substrate, print respectively underarm on distortion fractal dipole, symmetrical about this substrate horizontal center line, single order radiating element is connected with dual feed microstrip line and extends to medium substrate edge, every rank radiating element connects each self-corresponding direct current biasing line that has accessed inductance, with rectangular patch, second order is connected and forms radiating element separately with summit inside radiation patch in three rank radiating elements, it is adjustable that in the middle of each adjacent rank radiating element, PIN switch of loading carries out frequency.First medium substrate is placed on second medium substrate is separated by with cystosepiment, and the EBG unit of periodic arrangement is printed on second medium substrate to improve antenna gain.The invention solves the problem that antenna is difficult in the adjustable realization of high frequency treatment, directional diagram is unstable and section is higher, can realize in high frequency X, Ku, the frequently adjustable antenna performance of the low section three of Ka wave band, can be applicable to radio communication and satellite communication.
Claims (7)
1. one kind low section three adjustable antennas frequently, include: first medium substrate, single order radiating element, Order Radiation unit, three rank radiating elements, dual feed microstrip line, second medium substrate, second medium substrate is printed rhythmic EBG unit, the metal floor that the square patch that EBG unit comprises the side's of being etched with circumferential weld gap of printing on second medium substrate upper strata and second medium substrate lower floor print, first medium substrate is placed on second medium substrate, between two medium substrates, there is cystosepiment to be separated by, on first medium substrate, three radiating element longitudinal arrangements are printed on two surfaces of medium substrate, on upper and lower two surfaces of first medium substrate, three radiating element common combinations are separately called dipole, on dipole, underarm is symmetrical in first medium substrate horizontal center line, single order radiating element comprises a radiation patch, Order Radiation unit comprises two radiation patch, three rank radiating elements comprise two radiation patch, single order radiating element is all connected with dual feed microstrip line, it is characterized in that: described low section three frequently adjustable antenna also includes direct current biasing line and inductance (9), radiating element is on traditional Si erpinski fractal dipole basis, adopt the fractal dipole of distortion, with rectangular patch, summit inside the radiation patch in Order Radiation unit and three rank radiating elements is electrically connected to the radiating element forming separately, between each adjacent rank radiating element, on longitudinal arrangement center line, loading a PIN switch (10), to carry out frequency adjustable, every rank radiating element has connected each self-corresponding direct current biasing line, on three direct current biasing lines, be connected to separately inductance (9), two groups of PIN switches (10) by second order direct current biasing line (6) altogether, single order direct current biasing line (5) is respectively the positive pole of PIN switch (10) direct current signal separately with three rank direct current biasing lines (7), only need three groups of direct current biasing lines to control respectively two groups of switches, realize X, Ku, Ka tri-is frequently adjustable, the EBG unit of the periodic arrangement that second medium substrate is printed produces X, Ku frequency band homophase reflection characteristic, at Ka frequency band, with metallic reflection plate form, work simultaneously, first medium substrate loads after second medium substrate, and on the adjustable basis of three frequencies, antenna is realized low section, high gain characteristics.
2. low section three frequency adjustable antennas according to claim 1, is characterized in that: the radiation patch in each rank radiating element is triangle patch; The length of side of triangle radiation patch is 1mm-3mm.
3. low section according to claim 1 three adjustable antennas frequently, is characterized in that: the radiation patch in each rank radiating element or for rectangle or be circular patch.
4. according to the low section three frequency adjustable antennas described in claim 1 or 2 or 3, it is characterized in that: between first medium substrate (1) and second medium substrate (11), the thickness of cystosepiment (15) is 1mm-3mm.
5. low section three frequency adjustable antennas according to claim 4, is characterized in that: the upper paster etching gap, EBG unit (12) (14) of second medium substrate (11) width is 0.1-1mm.
6. low section three frequency adjustable antennas according to claim 5, is characterized in that: the upper inductance value that direct current biasing line connects (9) of first medium substrate (1) is 0.1-1 μ H.
7. low section three frequency adjustable antennas according to claim 6, is characterized in that: the dielectric constant of first medium substrate (1) and second medium substrate (11) is all between 2-10.
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| CN105789875A (en) * | 2016-04-13 | 2016-07-20 | 西安电子科技大学 | Low-profile broadband dual polarized antenna |
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| CN112038762A (en) * | 2020-08-25 | 2020-12-04 | 中电天奥有限公司 | Beidou short message communication transceiving frequency reconfigurable antenna |
| CN112038780A (en) * | 2020-09-18 | 2020-12-04 | 上海无线电设备研究所 | Frequency reconfigurable antenna unit and antenna array based on sub-wavelength fractal metamaterial |
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