CN108280824B - Laser shearing speckle interference defect detection system based on image registration and fusion - Google Patents
Laser shearing speckle interference defect detection system based on image registration and fusion Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
The invention discloses a laser shearing speckle interference defect detection system based on image registration and fusion, which comprises: the system comprises a laser light source, a beam expanding lens, a beam splitter, a cutter, a phase shifter, an image collector and a PC (personal computer) which integrates an image processing algorithm and a phase shifter control algorithm; firstly, an image collector with double cameras is used for simultaneously recording laser shearing scattered interference fringe patterns and original images of a measured object before and after thermal loading, then the laser shearing scattered interference fringe patterns before and after thermal loading are processed through an image processing algorithm and a phase shifter control algorithm to obtain a phase difference image, and finally the phase difference image and the original images are fused and registered to realize rapid and accurate positioning of defect position detection.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the technical field of defect detection, and particularly relates to a laser shearing speckle interference defect detection system based on image registration and fusion.
Background
The laser shearing speckle interference technology has the advantages of full field, non-contact, strong anti-interference capability to the environment and high precision, can directly measure the displacement derivative of the surface of a measured object excited under the condition of thermal loading due to the defects of internal debonding and the like, has low requirement on the environment, can be moved out of a laboratory due to the characteristics, and can be widely applied to the debonding and other micro-internal defects of composite materials of aerospace. Although this technique is widely used in non-destructive testing, both in principle and in practical experiments and applications, and has made many innovative and breakthrough advances, there is little clear progress in current research, particularly in the precise location of defect sites, mainly in the areas of qualitative and quantitative detection and application of defects.
The laser shearing speckle interference technology can directly measure the differential of the displacement of an object and is very beneficial to strain. Taking a classic michelson interferometer as an example, an object is irradiated by coherent laser, an object point is divided into two image points on an image surface by means of a birefringent crystal, so that a pair of lateral dislocation images are generated on an image sensor of a camera, two speckle images before and after the object is loaded and deformed are collected and digitized by a CCD (charge coupled device), the two speckle images are stored in a computer through a frame memory, a new interference fringe is formed by subtracting the two speckle images, and whether the inside of the object has defects or not can be judged from the change of the interference fringe image. The phase information of the image is extracted by combining a novel phase shift technology, and automatic and quick visual defect detection can be realized by further processing. However, the current research is only limited to the detection of defects, and the accurate positioning is not realized on the measured object, and the accurate positioning is one of important measures for the prediction and estimation of the health management of the material structure.
In 1982, volume 21, No. 3 of Optical Engineering, A new Optical method for constructing a space and non-destructive testing, the application of laser shearing and scattering interference technology to the stress detection and non-destructive detection field is firstly proposed, the device adopts a prism with a small wedge angle to be placed in front of a CCD camera, the size of the prism is just half of the area of the CCD camera, and reflected light on the surface of a measured object forms dislocation through the prism and directly passes through an original image of the CCD camera to carry out shearing interference. Although the device is simple, the defect is obvious, the fixed prism wedge angle is directly related to the size of the shearing angle, the device is not flexible, the introduced noise is very large, and the sensitivity is extremely low.
A double-beam symmetric light source single-observation Laser shearing scattergram interference device based on a Michelson interferometer is introduced In volume 24 of Optics and Laser In Engineering In 1996, wherein the gradient of a surface position displacement derivative can be measured, but the requirement on accurate defect positioning cannot be met.
The classic michelson interferometer based single-illumination source single-observation shearing scatterbar interference device adopted in the 1999 composition, Part B Engineering, volume 30, is simple and easy to implement, but only results are detected, and if phase information extraction is required, in combination with phase shift techniques, the simple device cannot implement on-line automatic real-time defect detection of defects.
A composite dual-purpose camera for a scattered interference and an electronic spot-pattern interference device is disclosed in a text of 'A compact-pure camera for scattered interference and electronic spot-pattern interference' of 'Meas, Sci, Techno' volume 8 of 1997, the device can simultaneously obtain scattered interference and sheared scattered interference information of a measured object and simultaneously obtain information of two technologies, but one of the biggest defects is that an optical path is complex and an introduced external error is large; meanwhile, the utilization rate of light energy is low, and the energy of the laser is required to be high; in addition, precise comparison and positioning of the defect locations cannot be achieved.
In the three articles of "Time-division-multiplexed 3D series", and "Compact series system for the measurement of 3D formation", in the documents of "processing of SPIE" in 1999, in the documents of "Time-division-multiplexed 3D series" and "Compact series system" in the documents of "processing of SPIE" in 3744 and in the document of "processing of SPIE" in 1999, three square light sources with three vertex positions and a single-observation laser shear-scattering interference device based on Michelson interferometer are used for detecting the in-plane displacement gradient of an object, so that the in-plane displacement gradient of each direction can be detected, but the device and its complexity are difficult to separate the interference fringe information of the three light sources in the irradiation period, and the introduced noise signal is increased.
In the documents of "Quantitative evaluation of digital imaging using the spatial carrier method" in volume 5 of Applied Optics in 1996, "a new set-up for pulsed digital imaging using to detect the defect in composite structure" in volume 42 of Optics and Lasers in Engineering in 2004, "a laser shear speckle interference detection system based on a Mach-Zehnder interferometer device is introduced, and the precision of defect detection is improved by combining the spatial carrier technology, but the technology of accurately positioning the defect of the composite material is not advanced.
In the Surface texture Measurement of the used and pulsed laser imaging with coherent fiber-optics imaging bundle of volume 19 of 2008 'Measurement Science and Technology', a coherent fiber-optics imaging detection system based on a Mach-Zehnder interferometer is adopted, the system adopts four small lenses to collect an image to be measured from four angles, the image to be measured is simultaneously transmitted to the Mach-Zehnder interferometer through four optical cables to form a shearing interference image, and finally the shearing interference image is fused to four corners of a CCD camera, and the analysis and processing of the fringe image are carried out to extract useful information. The device improves the detection precision, but has obvious defects, and firstly, the system is very complicated to establish and is expensive. Secondly, the interference fringe pattern acquired by the CCD contains very complex and numerous information, which makes it difficult to perform signal separation, and may also introduce additional noise information.
The doctor's paper 2014, "study of vector light field regulation based on liquid crystal spatial light modulator", the synchronous phase shift common path interference technology based on liquid crystal spatial light modulator "in Journal of optoelectronic Laser 24 of 2013, the" Digital space sampling interface using a liquid-crystal spatial light modulator "in Optical Engineering 45 of 2006, 10, all adopt a shear-scattering interference device based on spatial light modulator, which actually reduces the time for obtaining phase information, improves the energy utilization rate of light and reduces the interference of other light to the system, but the spatial light modulator is very expensive and does not relate to the accurate positioning of defect detection.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to overcome the defects of the prior art, provides a laser shearing speckle interference defect detection system based on image registration and fusion, realizes the visual detection of the accurate positioning of the defect position information in the image fusion and registration mode, and has the characteristics of simple light path, low cost, high sensitivity, high detection precision and the like.
In order to achieve the above object, the present invention provides a laser shearing speckle interference defect detection system based on image registration and fusion, which is characterized by comprising: the system comprises a laser light source, a beam expanding lens, a beam splitter, a cutter, a phase shifter, an image collector and a PC (personal computer) which integrates an image processing algorithm and a phase shifter control algorithm;
the shear comprises five beam splitters, a phase shift reflector and a shear reflector;
the image collector adopts double CCD cameras, wherein a CCD1 camera is used for collecting an original image, and a CCD2 camera is used for collecting a laser shearing scattered interference fringe image;
under the normal temperature state of an object to be measured, after a laser light source is expanded by a beam expander, laser is irradiated to the surface of the object to be measured, reflected light on the surface of the object to be measured passes through the beam expander, so that the light is divided into two beams of light with the same light energy, wherein one beam of light is directly recorded by a CCD1 camera, and an original image is obtained; the other beam of light enters a five-beam splitter of the shearing device, the five-beam splitter divides the beam of light into two beams of light with the same light energy, the two beams of light respectively enter a phase shift reflector and a shearing reflector which are connected with a phase shifter, the phase shift of the phase shift reflector is controlled through the phase shifter, the shearing amount is adjusted through the shearing reflector, so that an object surface image and a shearing image which is staggered in a certain direction are formed for interference, and the interference image is recorded by a CCD2 camera, and four laser shearing scattered interference fringe images with known phase shift information on the surface of the measured object under the normal temperature state are obtained;
under the thermal loading state of an object to be measured, after a laser light source is expanded by a beam expander, laser is irradiated to the surface of the object to be measured, reflected light on the surface of the object to be measured passes through the beam expander, so that light is divided into two beams of light with the same light energy, wherein one beam of light is directly recorded by a CCD1 camera to obtain an original image; the other beam of light enters a five-beam splitter of the shearing device, the five-beam splitter divides the beam of light into two beams of light with the same light energy, the two beams of light respectively enter a phase shift reflector and a shearing reflector which are connected with a phase shifter, the phase shift reflector is controlled by the phase shifter to generate micro displacement so as to achieve the purpose of phase shifting, the shearing amount is adjusted by the shearing reflector, so that an object surface image and a shearing image which is staggered in a certain direction are formed for interference, and the interference image is recorded by a CCD2 camera, and four laser shearing scattered interference fringe images with known phase shift information on the surface of the measured object in a heat loading state are obtained;
the CCD1 camera respectively transmits two images obtained under two states and eight images obtained under two states by the CCD2 camera, ten images are totally transmitted to the PC, the PC precisely controls the phase shifter to generate four known phase shifts through a self-contained phase shifter control algorithm, phase images of laser shearing scattered interference fringe images under two states are extracted through a four-step phase shift algorithm, then numerical difference is carried out to obtain phase difference images, the phase difference images are sequentially processed through a self-adaptive threshold value filtering and a least square method unwrapping algorithm to obtain phase difference images of the laser shearing scattered interference fringe images directly reflecting deformation displacement gradient of the surface of a measured object, and finally an original image collected by the CCD1 is randomly selected to be registered and fused with the phase difference images according to a CCD resolution optical path system and shearing amount ratio operation, and the accurate visual positioning of the defect detection is realized.
The invention aims to realize the following steps:
the invention discloses a laser shearing speckle interference defect detection system based on image registration and fusion, which comprises: the system comprises a laser light source, a beam expanding lens, a beam splitter, a cutter, a phase shifter, an image collector and a PC (personal computer) which integrates an image processing algorithm and a phase shifter control algorithm; firstly, an image collector with double cameras is used for simultaneously recording laser shearing scattered interference fringe patterns and original images of a measured object before and after thermal loading, then the laser shearing scattered interference fringe patterns before and after thermal loading are processed through an image processing algorithm and a phase shifter control algorithm to obtain a phase difference image, and finally the phase difference image and the original images are fused and registered to realize rapid and accurate positioning of defect position detection.
Meanwhile, the laser shearing speckle interference defect detection system based on image registration and fusion also has the following beneficial effects:
(1) based on a phase shift technology combining a classical Michelson interferometer with automatic fringe phase information acquisition, the invention adopts a double-camera fusion technology to acquire images, wherein one channel is processed by a PC (personal computer) end integrating a four-step phase shift algorithm, a smoothing algorithm based on self-adaptive threshold filtering and an improved least square method unwrapping algorithm and then converted into a transparent image, the defect contour is clear and visible, the other channel is an original image of the surface of a measured object sharing a light path with the former, and the two channels are accurately mapped, fused and registered according to the resolution ratio of a CCD (charge coupled device) camera and the distance proportion of the light path, so that the rapid defect visual detection of accurate positioning is realized.
(2) The system overcomes the defects of complex optical path, high cost and low precision, and has the key points of realizing visual and accurate positioning of the defects, directly realizing the preparation of the defects on line for quick visual detection, making breakthrough contribution to the structure detection, health management and life estimation of the composite material, and particularly having outstanding advantages when detecting large-area detected objects in practical application.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a schematic diagram of a laser shearing speckle interference defect detection system based on image registration and fusion according to the present invention;
FIG. 2 is a plan view of the laser shearing speckle interference defect detection system based on image registration and fusion according to the present invention;
FIG. 3 is an original view of the surface of an object;
fig. 4 is an image after the phase difference image is subjected to adaptive threshold filtering processing;
FIG. 5 is an image of a phase difference map after being processed by a least squares unwrapping algorithm;
fig. 6 is the image of fig. 3 and 5 after fusion registration.
Detailed Description
The following description of the embodiments of the present invention is provided in order to better understand the present invention for those skilled in the art with reference to the accompanying drawings. It is to be expressly noted that in the following description, a detailed description of known functions and designs will be omitted when it may obscure the subject matter of the present invention.
Examples
FIG. 1 is a schematic diagram of a laser shearing speckle interference defect detection system based on image registration and fusion.
In this embodiment, as shown in fig. 1, the laser shearing speckle interference defect detection system based on image registration and fusion of the present invention includes: the system comprises a laser light source, a beam expanding lens, a beam splitter, a cutter, a phase shifter, an image collector and a PC (personal computer) which integrates an image processing algorithm and a phase shifter control algorithm;
in this embodiment, the laser source is a helium-neon laser; the shear comprises five beam splitters, phase shift reflectors and shear reflectors; the phase shifter is a piezoelectric ceramic phase shifter; the image collector adopts double CCD cameras, wherein the CCD1 camera is used for collecting an original image, and the CCD2 camera is used for collecting a laser shearing scattered interference fringe image;
FIG. 2 is a plan view of the laser shearing speckle interference defect detection system based on image registration and fusion.
In this example, the object to be measured is a multilayer heterogeneous thin film composite material with a size of 500mmx500mm, which has a built-in circular wax coating layer with a diameter of 10mm, 20mm, 30mm, 50mm and a rectangular wax coating layer with a diameter of 10x10mm, 10x20mm, 10x30mm, wherein the wax coating layer is used for simulating debonding defects of the multilayer composite material.
Under the normal temperature state of the object to be measured 2, after the laser light source 3 is expanded by the beam expander 4, the laser is irradiated to the surface of the object to be measured 2, and then the reflected light on the surface of the object to be measured 2 passes through the beam splitter 6, so that the light is divided into two beams of light with the same light energy, wherein one beam of light is directly recorded by the CCD1 camera, and an original image is obtained, as shown in FIG. 3; the other beam of light enters a five-five beam splitter 5 of the shearing device, the five-five beam splitter 5 divides the beam of light into two beams of light with the same light energy, the two beams of light respectively enter a phase shifting reflector 1 and a shearing reflector 7 which are connected with a phase shifter, the phase shifting of the phase shifting reflector 1 is controlled through the phase shifter, the shearing amount is adjusted through the shearing reflector 7, so that an object surface image and a shearing image which is staggered in a certain direction per se are formed for interference, and the interference image is recorded by a CCD2 camera, and four laser shearing scattered interference fringe images with known phase shifting information on the surface of the measured object under the normal temperature state are obtained;
under the thermal loading state of the object to be measured 2, after a laser light source 3 is expanded by a beam expander 4, laser is irradiated to the surface of the object to be measured 2, reflected light on the surface of the object to be measured 2 passes through a beam splitter 6, so that light is divided into two beams of light with the same light energy, wherein one beam of light is directly recorded by a CCD1 camera to obtain an original image; the other beam of light enters a five-five beam splitter 5 of the shearing device, the five-five beam splitter 5 divides the beam of light into two beams of light with the same light energy, the two beams of light respectively enter a phase shifting reflector 1 and a shearing reflector 7 which are connected with a phase shifter, the phase shifting of the phase shifting reflector 1 is controlled through the phase shifter, the shearing amount is adjusted through the shearing reflector 7, so that an object surface image and a shearing image which is staggered in a certain direction per se are formed for interference, and the interference image is recorded by a CCD2 camera, and four laser shearing scattered interference fringe images with known phase shifting information on the surface of the measured object in a heat loading state are obtained;
the double CCD cameras respectively transmit the ten images obtained in two states to the PC, the PC sends instructions to the piezoelectric ceramic phase shifter to control the driving voltage to change pi/2 from 40v to 4v, so that the phase shift is realizedUnder the precise control of the controller control algorithm, the piezoelectric ceramic phase shifter generates four known phase shifts of 0, 90 degrees, 180 degrees and 270 degrees. It is known that a sheared speckle image can be expressed by equation (1.1), where I is the light intensity distribution of the speckle pattern on the CCD; wherein I0Is the background light intensity. μ is the modulation amplitude of the speckle pattern.
Is a random phase angle.
By applying a four-step phase shift to the shear speckle pattern represented by equation 1.1, the following four speckle patterns can be generated:
the four-step phase shift algorithm increases by pi/2 each step to generate the four shear speckle patterns. Phase of
As can be determined from equation 1.3, repeating the above four-step phase shift algorithm on the image after heat loading can yield equation 1.4,
the phase difference delta caused by the deformation of the measured object can be obtained by making a numerical difference, namely subtracting the equation 1.3 from the equation 1.4, and then the phase difference image is processed by an image processing algorithm carried by a PC: sequentially processing the self-adaptive threshold filtering and the unwrapping algorithm of the least square method to obtain a phase difference image of a laser shearing scattered interference fringe image directly reflecting the surface deformation displacement gradient of the measured object, wherein the image after the self-adaptive threshold filtering is shown in figure 4, and the image after the unwrapping algorithm of the least square method is shown in figure 5;
and finally, randomly selecting an original image collected by the CCD1, namely the image in the figure 3, and performing registration and fusion on the original image and the processed phase difference image, namely the image in the figure 5 according to the CCD resolution optical path system and the proportion operation of the shearing amount to obtain the image in the figure 6, so that the accurate visual positioning of the defect detection is realized.
Although illustrative embodiments of the present invention have been described above to facilitate the understanding of the present invention by those skilled in the art, it should be understood that the present invention is not limited to the scope of the embodiments, and various changes may be made apparent to those skilled in the art as long as they are within the spirit and scope of the present invention as defined and defined by the appended claims, and all matters of the invention which utilize the inventive concepts are protected.
Claims (3)
1. A laser shearing speckle interference defect detection system based on image registration and fusion is characterized by comprising: the system comprises a laser light source, a beam expanding lens, a beam splitter, a cutter, a phase shifter, an image collector and a PC (personal computer) which integrates an image processing algorithm and a phase shifter control algorithm;
the shear comprises five beam splitters, a phase shift reflector and a shear reflector;
the image collector adopts double CCD cameras, wherein a CCD1 camera is used for collecting an original image, and a CCD2 camera is used for collecting a laser shearing scattered interference fringe image;
under the normal temperature state of an object to be measured, after a laser light source is expanded by a beam expander, laser is irradiated to the surface of the object to be measured, reflected light on the surface of the object to be measured passes through the beam expander, so that light is divided into two beams of light with the same light energy, wherein one beam of light is directly recorded by a CCD1 camera to obtain an original image; the other beam of light enters a five-beam splitter of the shearing device, the five-beam splitter divides the beam of light into two beams of light with the same light energy, the two beams of light respectively enter a phase shift reflector and a shearing reflector which are connected with a phase shifter, the phase shift of the phase shift reflector is controlled by the phase shifter, the shearing amount is adjusted by the shearing reflector, so that an object surface image and a shearing image which is staggered in a certain direction are formed for interference, and the interference image is recorded by a CCD2 camera to obtain four laser shearing scattered interference fringe images with known phase shift information on the surface of the measured object at normal temperature;
under the condition of thermal loading of an object to be measured, after a laser light source is expanded by a beam expander, laser is irradiated to the surface of the object to be measured, reflected light on the surface of the object to be measured passes through the beam expander, so that the light is divided into two beams of light with the same light energy, wherein one beam of light is directly recorded by a CCD1 camera to obtain an original image; the other beam of light enters a five-beam splitter of the shearing device, the five-beam splitter divides the beam of light into two beams of light with the same light energy, the two beams of light respectively enter a phase shift reflector and a shearing reflector which are connected with a phase shifter, the phase shift reflector is controlled by the phase shifter to generate micro displacement so as to achieve phase shift, the shearing amount is adjusted by the shearing reflector, so that an object surface image and a shearing image which is staggered in a certain direction are formed for interference, and the interference image is recorded by a CCD2 camera, and four laser shearing scattered interference fringe images with known phase shift information on the surface of the measured object in a heat loading state are obtained;
the CCD1 camera respectively transmits two images obtained in two states and eight images obtained by the CCD2 camera in two states, ten images are totally transmitted to a PC, the PC precisely controls a phase shifter to generate four known phase shifts through a self-contained phase shifter control algorithm, phase images of laser shearing scattered-speckle interference fringe images in two states of a normal temperature state and a heat loading state are extracted through a four-step phase shift algorithm, then numerical difference is carried out to obtain a phase difference image, the phase difference image is subjected to unpacking algorithm processing of adaptive threshold filtering and least square method to obtain a phase difference image of the laser shearing scattered-speckle interference fringe image directly reflecting the surface deformation displacement gradient of a measured object, and finally, an original image acquired by CCD1 is randomly selected to be registered with the phase difference image according to CCD resolution optical path system and shearing amount proportional operation, And fusion is carried out, so that accurate visual positioning of defect detection is realized.
2. The system for detecting laser shearing speckle interference defects based on image registration and fusion as claimed in claim 1, wherein the image processing algorithm carried in the PC comprises an adaptive threshold filtering and a least square unwrapping algorithm.
3. The image registration and fusion based laser shearing speckle interference defect detection system of claim 1, wherein the phase shifter control algorithm controls the phase shifter to produce four known phase shift values of 0 °, 90 °, 180 °, 270 °.
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| WO2020132960A1 (en) * | 2018-12-26 | 2020-07-02 | 合刃科技（深圳）有限公司 | Defect detection method and defect detection system |
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| CN114485448B (en) * | 2022-01-25 | 2022-11-15 | 上海大学 | Self-adaptive speckle interferometry method and system |
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