CN108274858B - 一种多层功能预浸织物及其制备方法和应用 - Google Patents
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Abstract
本发明公开了一种多层功能预浸织物及其制备方法和应用。所述预浸织物由上表面短纤维无纺布层、中间单向纤维层、下表面二维织物层三层结构叠合构成;其中,所述上表面短纤维无纺布层、中间单向纤维层和下表面二维织物层的厚度均控制在0.01‑0.05mm范围内。此三层结构的短纤维的无纺布层提供预浸织物整体的耐穿刺特性,中间的单向纤维层提供预浸织物整体的高速冲击能量吸收特性,下表面的二维织物层提供整体预浸织物的刚性耐变形能力,三层结构功能特性的协同作用为整体的综合防弹防护特性提升提供保障。
Description
技术领域
本发明属于高性能纤维复合预浸织物技术领域,具体涉及一种多层功能预浸织物及其制备方法和应用。
背景技术
作为高性能纤维复合材料的中间原料,复合预浸织物已经成为各种复合材料综合特性发挥优势的重要保障,而目前结构复合材料的综合性能稳定保证,一般需要多种纤维混杂使用同时发挥各种增强纤维的独立物理性能,以实现高强度、高刚度、耐冲击、耐撕裂等综合物理特性的瞬时有效保障。
为了发挥多种综合力学物理特性,目前的预浸织物已经不再仅仅是单向织物的单一结构,而拓展为多种纤维排布结构和多层叠合结构的综合发展,而使用多种规格、特性纤维与不同类型树脂基体的复合浸渍,则是力学协同作用的关键保证。中国专利公开号CN102653133A公开了一种预浸织物的折叠结构及其成型方法,通过将预浸了热固性树脂的织物手工或机械压制折痕,进行折叠后预固化拉伸,形成单元格和折叠角参数可变的折叠结构,具有多层次、轻量化、参数设计性强、三维刚度可调、整体结构通透的特点,然而上述制备过程繁琐,不利于工业化规模化生产。同时由于仅采用预浸热固性树脂的织物进行折叠处理,制备的产品抗冲击、穿刺性能不佳。
发明内容
针对上述现有技术的不足,发明人经长期的技术与实践探索,最终成功制备出一种利用多种纤维混杂、采用多种纤维排布结构、以多种类型树脂基体为粘合剂的叠合结构预浸织物,通过该预浸织物具有高强耐穿刺特性、高强耐冲击能力和抵抗变形能力。
本发明的目的之一在于提供一种多层功能预浸织物。
本发明的目的之二在于提供上述多层功能预浸织物的制备方法。
本发明的目的之三在于提供上述多层功能预浸织物的应用。
为实现上述目的,本发明采用如下技术方案:
本发明的第一个方面,提供了一种多层功能预浸织物,所述预浸织物由上表面短纤维无纺布层、中间单向纤维层、下表面二维织物层三层结构叠合构成;
进一步的,所述上表面短纤维无纺布层的厚度为0.01-0.05mm;
所述中间单向纤维层的厚度为0.01-0.05mm;
所述下表面二维织物层的厚度为0.01-0.05mm;
进一步的,所述上表面短纤维无纺布层由一定长度的短切纤维梳网铺层形成织物结构,以热塑性树脂粘合剂浸渍复合形成;
更进一步的,所述上表面短纤维无纺布层采用高韧性纤维短切后梳网形成,高韧性纤维选用UHMWPE纤维、芳纶纤维、PBO碳纤维、玻璃纤维中的一种或多种混杂构成,高韧性纤维长度控制在2-10cm范围内;
更进一步的,所述上表面短纤维无纺布层所用热塑性树脂基体可采用聚乙烯树脂、聚丙烯树脂、聚甲基丙烯酸甲酯树脂、聚氨酯树脂中的任一种,树脂基体含量占短纤维无纺布层的10-20%;
进一步的,所述中间单向纤维层由连续长度的高性能纤维按预浸织物长度方向排列,以热塑性树脂粘合剂浸渍复合形成;
更进一步的,所述的中间单向纤维层采用高性能纤维单向排布结构,可选用UHMWPE纤维、芳纶纤维、碳纤维、玻璃纤维、PBO纤维等一种的任意一种或多种混杂构成,所述高性能纤维采用连续长度;
更进一步的,所述的中间单向纤维层所用的热塑性树脂基体可选用聚乙烯树脂、聚丙烯树脂、聚甲基丙烯酸甲酯树脂、聚氨酯树脂中的任一种,树脂基体含量占中间单向纤维层的10-30%;
进一步的,所述下表面二维织物层由高性能纤维沿织物长度方向和垂直长度方向的正交编织结构组成,以热固性树脂粘合剂浸渍复合形成;
更进一步的,所述下表面二维织物层采用高性能纤维正交铺设织物结构,可选用高性能碳纤维、玻璃纤维、氧化铝纤维、碳化硅纤维、氮化硼纤维等其中的一种或多种混杂构成,所述高性能纤维采用连续长度;
更进一步的,所述的下表面二维织物层所用的热固性树脂基体可采用环氧树脂、酚醛树脂、不饱和聚酯树脂、有机硅树脂、聚酰亚胺树脂其中的任意一种,树脂含量占下表面二维织物层的20-40%;
本发明的第二个方面,提供了上述多层功能预浸织物的制备方法,所述方法包括:
S1.制备上表面短纤维无纺布层:将短切纤维梳网铺层形成织物结构,以热塑性树脂粘合剂浸渍复合成型制得上表面短纤维无纺布层;
S2.制备中间单向纤维层:将连续长度的高性能纤维按预浸织物长度方向排列,以热塑性树脂粘合剂浸渍复合成型制得制备中间单向纤维层;
S3.制备下表面二维织物层:将高性能纤维沿织物长度方向和垂直长度方向的正交编织结构组成,以热固性树脂粘合剂浸渍复合形成;
S4.将步骤S1、S2和S3制备的的上表面短纤维无纺布层、中间单向纤维层和下表面二维织物层叠合制得多层功能预浸织物。
本发明的第三个方面,提供了所述多层功能预浸织物在制备防弹材料中的应用,优选的,所述应用包括但不限于制备防弹片、防弹衣、防弹伞或防弹板。
本发明的有益效果:
本发明提供一种多层功能预浸织物,预浸织物由上表面短纤维无纺布层、中间单向纤维层、下表面二维织物层三层结构叠合构成;其中上表面的短切纤维无纺布层中的混杂纤维与热塑性树脂浸渍复合,由纤维提供高韧性、由热塑性树脂提供高强度耐撕裂特性,为预浸织物整体提供高强耐穿刺特性;中间的单向纤维层中的混杂单向纤维与热塑性树脂浸渍复合,由纤维提供高韧性和高强度、由热塑性树脂提供高粘合性,为预浸织物整体共高强冲击能力系统特性;下表面的二维织物层中的正交纤维织物与热固性树脂浸渍复合,由纤维提供高模量特性、由热固性树脂提供整体粘合特性,为预浸织物整体提供抵抗变形能力。
制备过程不需要大型昂贵装置仪器,制备过程简单,使生产简单,便于操作;三层结构叠合制得的多层功能预浸织物具有高强耐穿刺特性、高强耐冲击能力和抵抗变形能力,三层结构功能特性的协同作用为整体的综合防弹防护特性提升提供保障。使得本发明具有广阔的工业化应用前景和实际应用价值。
附图说明
图1是本发明多层功能结构的热塑性树脂浸渍混杂纤维的预浸织物结构示意图,该结构包括:短纤维无纺布层1、单向纤维层2、二维织物层3叠合组成。
具体实施方式
应该指出,以下详细说明都是例示性的,旨在对本申请提供进一步的说明。除非另有指明,本文使用的所有技术和科学术语具有与本申请所属技术领域的普通技术人员通常理解的相同含义。
需要注意的是,这里所使用的术语仅是为了描述具体实施方式,而非意图限制根据本申请的示例性实施方式。如在这里所使用的,除非上下文另外明确指出,否则单数形式也意图包括复数形式,此外,还应当理解的是,当在本说明书中使用术语“包含”和/或“包括”时,其指明存在特征、步骤、操作、器件、组件和/或它们的组合。
实施例1
一种多层功能预浸织物结构由短纤维无纺布耐穿刺层、单向纤维耐冲击层、二维织物高刚性层叠合组成。其中短纤维无纺布耐穿刺层由4cm长度的凯夫拉49芳纶纤维梳网构成无纺布结构,采用聚氨酯树脂胶液浸渍上述无纺布织物,织物中树脂含量为20%,该层厚度为0.04mm;单向纤维耐冲击层由UHMWPE纤维与T300碳纤维混杂单向排布构成,其中UHMWPE纤维与T300碳纤维的比例为4:1,采用聚乙烯树脂乳液浸渍上述单向纤维织物层,单向纤维层中树脂含量为26%,该层厚度为0.05mm;二维织物层采用高强T700碳纤维与碳化硅纤维正交铺设构成,其中T700碳纤维与碳化硅纤维的比例为5:1,采用环氧树脂浸渍与上述二维织物层浸渍复合,该层树脂含量为33%,厚度为0.03mm。
该多层功能预浸织物总面密度16.2kg/m2。经弹击测试:制备多层功能预浸织物抗56式7.62mm普通弹的弹道极限V50值为896m/s。
实施例2
一种多层功能预浸织物结构由短纤维无纺布耐穿刺层、单向纤维耐冲击层、二维织物高刚性层叠合组成。其中短纤维无纺布耐穿刺层由5cm长度的凯夫拉29芳纶纤维梳网构成无纺布结构,采用聚乙烯乳液胶液浸渍上述无纺布织物,织物中树脂含量为18%,该层厚度为0.01mm;单向纤维耐冲击层由UHMWPE纤维与E玻璃纤维混杂单向排布构成,其中UHMWPE纤维与E玻璃纤维的比例为2:1,采用聚丙烯树脂乳液浸渍上述单向纤维织物层,单向纤维层中树脂含量为21%,该层厚度为0.02mm;二维织物层采用高强T300碳纤维与玻璃纤维正交铺设构成,其中T300碳纤维与碳化硅纤维的比例为2.5:1,采用酚醛树脂浸渍与上述二维织物层浸渍复合,该层树脂含量为30%,厚度为0.04mm。
该多层功能预浸织物总面密度13kg/m2。经弹击测试:制备多层功能预浸织物抗56式7.62mm普通弹的弹道极限V50值为872m/s。
实施例3
一种多层功能预浸织物结构由短纤维无纺布耐穿刺层、单向纤维耐冲击层、二维织物高刚性层叠合组成。其中短纤维无纺布耐穿刺层由6cm长度的UHMWPE纤维梳网构成无纺布结构,采用聚甲基丙烯酸甲酯树脂胶液浸渍上述无纺布织物,织物中树脂含量为15%,该层厚度为0.02mm;单向纤维耐冲击层由UHMWPE纤维与T800碳纤维混杂单向排布构成,其中UHMWPE纤维与T800碳纤维的比例为3:1,采用聚氨酯树脂乳液浸渍上述单向纤维织物层,单向纤维层中树脂含量为20%,该层厚度为0.03mm;二维织物层采用高强T1000碳纤维与氧化铝纤维正交铺设构成,其中T1000碳纤维与氧化铝纤维的比例为1:1,采用环氧树脂浸渍与上述二维织物层浸渍复合,该层树脂含量为31%,厚度为0.04mm。
该多层功能预浸织物总面密度16.3kg/m2。经弹击测试:制备多层功能预浸织物抗56式7.62mm普通弹的弹道极限V50值为887m/s。
实施例4
一种多层功能预浸织物结构由短纤维无纺布耐穿刺层、单向纤维耐冲击层、二维织物高刚性层叠合组成。其中短纤维无纺布耐穿刺层由7cm长度的PBO纤维梳网构成无纺布结构,采用聚乙烯树脂胶液浸渍上述无纺布织物,织物中树脂含量为15%,该层厚度为0.03mm;单向纤维耐冲击层由UHMWPE纤维与M40碳纤维混杂单向排布构成,其中UHMWPE纤维与M40碳纤维的比例为3:1,采用聚氨酯树脂乳液浸渍上述单向纤维织物层,单向纤维层中树脂含量为24%,该层厚度为0.03mm;二维织物层采用高强T700碳纤维与UHMWPE纤维正交铺设构成,其中T700碳纤维与UHMWPE纤维的比例为3:1,采用不饱和聚酯树脂浸渍与上述二维织物层浸渍复合,该层树脂含量为36%,厚度为0.03mm。
该多层功能预浸织物总面密度17.2kg/m2。经弹击测试:制备多层功能预浸织物抗56式7.62mm普通弹的弹道极限V50值为875m/s。
实施例5
一种多层功能预浸织物结构由短纤维无纺布耐穿刺层、单向纤维耐冲击层、二维织物高刚性层叠合组成。其中短纤维无纺布耐穿刺层由4cm长度的凯夫拉49芳纶纤维梳网构成无纺布结构,采用聚氨酯树脂胶液浸渍上述无纺布织物,织物中树脂含量为20%,该层厚度为0.04mm;单向纤维耐冲击层由UHMWPE纤维单向排布构成,采用聚乙烯树脂乳液浸渍上述单向纤维织物层,单向纤维层中树脂含量为26%,该层厚度为0.05mm;二维织物层采用高强T700碳纤维正交铺设构成,采用环氧树脂浸渍与上述二维织物层浸渍复合,该层树脂含量为33%,厚度为0.03mm。
该多层功能预浸织物总面密度15.8kg/m2。经弹击测试:制备多层功能预浸织物抗56式7.62mm普通弹的弹道极限V50值为803m/s。
实验例1
一种多层功能预浸织物结构由短纤维无纺布耐穿刺层、单向纤维耐冲击层、二维织物高刚性层叠合组成。其中短纤维无纺布耐穿刺层由4cm长度的凯夫拉49芳纶纤维梳网构成无纺布结构,采用聚氨酯树脂胶液浸渍上述无纺布织物,织物中树脂含量为25%,该层厚度为0.04mm;单向纤维耐冲击层由UHMWPE纤维与T300碳纤维混杂单向排布构成,其中UHMWPE纤维与T300碳纤维的比例为4:1,采用聚乙烯树脂乳液浸渍上述单向纤维织物层,单向纤维层中树脂含量为26%,该层厚度为0.05mm;二维织物层采用高强T700碳纤维与碳化硅纤维正交铺设构成,其中T700碳纤维与碳化硅纤维的比例为5:1,采用环氧树脂浸渍与上述二维织物层浸渍复合,该层树脂含量为33%,厚度为0.03mm。
该多层功能预浸织物总面密度16.9kg/m2。经弹击测试:制备多层功能预浸织物抗56式7.62mm普通弹的弹道极限V50值为792m/s。
以上所述仅为本申请的优选实施例而已,并不用于限制本申请,对于本领域的技术人员来说,本申请可以有各种更改和变化。凡在本申请的精神和原则之内,所作的任何修改、等同替换、改进等,均应包含在本申请的保护范围之内。
Claims (5)
1.一种多层功能预浸织物,其特征在于,所述预浸织物由上表面短纤维无纺布层、中间单向纤维层、下表面二维织物层三层结构叠合构成;
所述上表面短纤维无纺布层、中间单向纤维层和下表面二维织物层的厚度均控制在0.01-0.05mm范围内;所述上表面短纤维无纺布层采用高韧性纤维短切后梳网形成,高韧性纤维由UHMWPE纤维、芳纶纤维、PBO碳纤维、玻璃纤维中的一种或多种混杂构成,高韧性纤维长度控制在2-10cm范围内;所述上表面短纤维无纺布层所用热塑性树脂基体选用聚乙烯树脂、聚丙烯树脂、聚甲基丙烯酸甲酯树脂、聚氨酯树脂中的任一种,树脂基体含量占短纤维无纺布层的10-20wt%;
所述上表面短纤维无纺布层由短切纤维梳网铺层形成织物结构,以热塑性树脂粘合剂浸渍复合形成;
所述中间单向纤维层由连续长度的高性能纤维按预浸织物长度方向排列,以热塑性树脂粘合剂浸渍复合形成;所述的中间单向纤维层采用高性能纤维单向排布结构,高性能纤维由UHMWPE纤维、芳纶纤维、碳纤维、玻璃纤维、PBO纤维中的任意一种或多种混杂构成;所述高性能纤维采用连续纤维;所述的中间单向纤维层所用的热塑性树脂基体选用聚乙烯树脂、聚丙烯树脂、聚甲基丙烯酸甲酯树脂、聚氨酯树脂中的任一种,树脂基体含量占中间单向纤维层的10-30wt%;
所述下表面二维织物层采用高性能纤维正交铺设织物结构,高性能纤维由高性能碳纤维、玻璃纤维、氧化铝纤维、碳化硅纤维、氮化硼纤维中的一种或多种混杂构成;所述高性能纤维采用连续纤维;
所述的下表面二维织物层所用的热固性树脂基体可采用环氧树脂、酚醛树脂、不饱和聚酯树脂、有机硅树脂、聚酰亚胺树脂其中的任意一种,树脂含量占下表面二维织物层的20-40wt%。
2.如权利要求1所述的一种多层功能预浸织物,其特征在于,所述下表面二维织物层由高性能纤维沿织物长度方向和垂直长度方向的正交编织结构组成,以热固性树脂粘合剂浸渍复合形成。
3.如权利要求1-2任一项所述的多层功能预浸织物的制备方法,其特征在于,所述制备方法包括:
S1. 制备上表面短纤维无纺布层:将短切纤维梳网铺层形成织物结构,以热塑性树脂粘合剂浸渍复合成型制得上表面短纤维无纺布层;
S2. 制备中间单向纤维层:将连续长度的高性能纤维按预浸织物长度方向排列,以热塑性树脂粘合剂浸渍复合成型制得制备中间单向纤维层;
S3. 制备下表面二维织物层:将高性能纤维沿织物长度方向和垂直长度方向的正交编织结构组成,以热固性树脂粘合剂浸渍复合形成;
S4. 将步骤S1、S2和S3制备的的上表面短纤维无纺布层、中间单向纤维层和下表面二维织物层叠合制得多层功能预浸织物。
4.权利要求1-2任一项所述多层功能预浸织物在制备防弹材料中的应用。
5.如权利要求4所述应用,其特征在于,所述应用包括制备防弹片、防弹衣、防弹伞或防弹板。
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