CN108270053A - A kind of device for preventing power lithium-ion battery packet thermal runaway - Google Patents
A kind of device for preventing power lithium-ion battery packet thermal runaway Download PDFInfo
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- CN108270053A CN108270053A CN201711433340.3A CN201711433340A CN108270053A CN 108270053 A CN108270053 A CN 108270053A CN 201711433340 A CN201711433340 A CN 201711433340A CN 108270053 A CN108270053 A CN 108270053A
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- Prior art keywords
- battery
- circuit
- thermal runaway
- internal short
- management system
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M10/00—Secondary cells; Manufacture thereof
- H01M10/60—Heating or cooling; Temperature control
- H01M10/61—Types of temperature control
- H01M10/617—Types of temperature control for achieving uniformity or desired distribution of temperature
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
- B60L—PROPULSION OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; SUPPLYING ELECTRIC POWER FOR AUXILIARY EQUIPMENT OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRODYNAMIC BRAKE SYSTEMS FOR VEHICLES IN GENERAL; MAGNETIC SUSPENSION OR LEVITATION FOR VEHICLES; MONITORING OPERATING VARIABLES OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRIC SAFETY DEVICES FOR ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES
- B60L58/00—Methods or circuit arrangements for monitoring or controlling batteries or fuel cells, specially adapted for electric vehicles
- B60L58/10—Methods or circuit arrangements for monitoring or controlling batteries or fuel cells, specially adapted for electric vehicles for monitoring or controlling batteries
- B60L58/24—Methods or circuit arrangements for monitoring or controlling batteries or fuel cells, specially adapted for electric vehicles for monitoring or controlling batteries for controlling the temperature of batteries
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M10/00—Secondary cells; Manufacture thereof
- H01M10/05—Accumulators with non-aqueous electrolyte
- H01M10/052—Li-accumulators
- H01M10/0525—Rocking-chair batteries, i.e. batteries with lithium insertion or intercalation in both electrodes; Lithium-ion batteries
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M10/00—Secondary cells; Manufacture thereof
- H01M10/42—Methods or arrangements for servicing or maintenance of secondary cells or secondary half-cells
- H01M10/425—Structural combination with electronic components, e.g. electronic circuits integrated to the outside of the casing
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M10/00—Secondary cells; Manufacture thereof
- H01M10/60—Heating or cooling; Temperature control
- H01M10/62—Heating or cooling; Temperature control specially adapted for specific applications
- H01M10/625—Vehicles
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M10/00—Secondary cells; Manufacture thereof
- H01M10/42—Methods or arrangements for servicing or maintenance of secondary cells or secondary half-cells
- H01M10/425—Structural combination with electronic components, e.g. electronic circuits integrated to the outside of the casing
- H01M2010/4271—Battery management systems including electronic circuits, e.g. control of current or voltage to keep battery in healthy state, cell balancing
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
- Y02E60/00—Enabling technologies; Technologies with a potential or indirect contribution to GHG emissions mitigation
- Y02E60/10—Energy storage using batteries
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02T—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO TRANSPORTATION
- Y02T10/00—Road transport of goods or passengers
- Y02T10/60—Other road transportation technologies with climate change mitigation effect
- Y02T10/70—Energy storage systems for electromobility, e.g. batteries
Abstract
The invention discloses a kind of devices for preventing power lithium-ion battery packet thermal runaway, it is used to have in the battery pack of battery management system, battery pack is made of multiple battery units, a branch being made of external resistance and contactor control element is parallel in the positive and negative end of each battery unit, each contactor control element is connected with battery management system signal, battery management system judges whether each battery unit occurs internal short-circuit for monitoring, if battery management system monitoring judges that internal short-circuit occurs for a certain battery unit, contactor control element is connected, so that the battery unit of the generation internal short-circuit is by external short circuit.The present apparatus is only needed on the basis of the conventional batteries packet for having battery management system (BMS), every series arm adds a contactor control element, a small external resistance into element, temperature and voltage monitoring are carried out by included battery management system, it can be seen that device operability is easily, it is at low cost.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to electric powered motor technical field of lithium ion, and in particular to a kind of prevention lithium ion power
The device of battery pack thermal runaway.
Background technology
The advantages that power lithium-ion battery is with its high-energy density, long-life, environmental protection has obtained extensively in electric vehicle
Application.However, it is heard of during power lithium-ion battery explosion accident on fire, the serious prestige of safety problem of power lithium-ion battery
The life security of user of service is coerced, restricts the further development of electric vehicle industry, is a urgent problem to be solved.
Power lithium-ion battery explosion on fire is the result of thermal runaway development.The induction of power lithium-ion battery thermal runaway because
Element mainly has several, (1) mechanical induction, if needle pierces, squeezes battery, leads to diaphragm breakup and cause internal short-circuit, eventually lead to heat
It is out of control;(2) battery is such as placed in hot environment (such as 200 DEG C) by thermal induction, and diaphragm is because high temperature melting causes internal short-circuit, finally
Lead to thermal runaway;(3) electricity induction, such as overcharge lead to cathode lithium dendrite growth and puncture diaphragm, cause internal short-circuit and finally lead
Pyrogenicity is out of control.As it can be seen that battery internal short-circuit is the main reason for leading to thermal runaway.Also, the thermal runaway caused by internal short-circuit and
The most common type situation.
It is most important the reason is that a large amount of electric current passes through the interior resistance of internal short-circuit, moment from internal short-circuit to final thermal runaway
Generate a large amount of heat, temperature caused to steeply rise, and cause diaphragm further fusing and the heat release of inside battery material it is anti-
Should, eventually lead to thermal runaway.After the thermal runaway of single battery unit, due to transmission of heat etc., and then cause adjacent electricity
The thermal runaway of pool unit forms thermal runaway propagation in battery pack, leads to catastrophic failure.
Invention content
It is an object of the invention to overcome above-mentioned the deficiencies in the prior art, a kind of prevention power lithium-ion battery packet heat is provided
Device out of control, to improve the thermal safety of electric vehicle.
To achieve the above object, the technical scheme is that:
A kind of device for preventing power lithium-ion battery packet thermal runaway, is used for the battery pack for having battery management system
In, battery pack is made of multiple battery units, the positive and negative end of each battery unit be parallel with one by external resistance and
The branch of contactor control element composition, during normal condition each contactor control element be in open-circuit condition and and
Battery management system signal connects, and battery management system judges whether each battery unit occurs internal short-circuit for monitoring, if electric
Pond management system monitoring judges a certain battery unit internal short-circuit to occur that (battery unit is in charging and discharging state or quiet
Put state), battery management system then while battery pack main circuit power is cut off and sends out instruction to the generation internal short-circuit
In the corresponding contactor control element of battery unit, contactor control element conducting so that the battery of the generation internal short-circuit
Unit is by external short circuit.
Resistance value during internal short-circuit occurs less than battery unit for the resistance value of the external resistance.
The external resistance is changed to become valued resistor, resistance value according to the internal short-circuit form of battery unit.
The external resistance is integrated by multiple resistance, and is wrapped up by PMC materials.
The PMC materials using solid sublimation gas disposable phase-change material.
The minimum of the PMC quality of materials m is calculated by such as following formula and is obtained:
Q0=Im 2Rot
Wherein, n refers to the number of single integrated dispatch from foreign news agency resistance element institute integrated resistor;C is the synthesis specific heat capacity of phase-change material,
Δ T is the variation of temperature, h1It is the enthalpy of phase change of unit mass;Im is the electric current that external resistance is flowed through under limiting condition, and Ro is dispatch from foreign news agency
Resistance, t are to generation thermal runaway duration since internal short-circuit.
The contactor control element is by independent power supply powered operation;It is opened when the contactor control element is in
During line state, internal resistance is not less than 10 kilohms.
The contactor control element is become one by multiple switch control elements independent of each other;
It is integrated independently of one another between multiple resistance;
The battery management system monitoring judges that the method whether battery unit occurs internal short-circuit is:
(1) cell voltage is less than given threshold lower limit;
(2) cell voltage variation is too fast, and decrease speed is more than the voltage U1 of setting, and continues the 1s times;
(3) battery temperature variation is too fast, and the rate of climb is more than the time T1 of setting, and continues the 1s times;
(4) cell voltage variation is too fast, and decrease speed is more than the voltage U2 of setting, and continues the 1s times;
(5) battery temperature variation is too fast, and the rate of climb is more than the time T2 of setting, and continues the 1s times;
(6) battery temperature is more than 80 DEG C;
In condition (1)~(3), it is only necessary to meet any two condition, you can be judged as that internal short-circuit has occurred in battery unit;
In condition (4)~(6), it is only necessary to meet any one condition, you can be judged as that internal short-circuit has occurred in battery unit.
Compared with prior art, the present invention advantage is:
(1) present apparatus, which is acted on after internal short-circuit occurs for battery unit, still occurs the stage before thermal runaway, passes through external electrical
External shunt is realized in resistance, is reduced the electric current for flowing through interior resistance, then can be alleviated the rising of part maximum temperature at internal short-circuit, make most
High-temperature is less than the critical-temperature (fusion temperature of diaphragm) of thermal runaway, then the generation of battery unit thermal runaway is avoided that, into one
Step avoids the propagation of battery pack thermal runaway;Even if thermal runaway cannot be prevented, minimum effect can also obvious postpone thermal runaway
Occur, win the time for further solving thermal runaway.
(2) present apparatus is only needed on the basis of the conventional batteries packet for having battery management system (BMS), every series connection branch
A contactor control element is added on road, a small external resistance pass through into element, temperature and voltage monitoring it is included
Battery management system carries out, it is seen that device operability is easily, at low cost.
Description of the drawings
Fig. 1 is the circuit diagram of the device provided in an embodiment of the present invention for preventing power lithium-ion battery packet thermal runaway;
Fig. 2 is in embodiments of the present invention, after " aluminium foil-anode " internal short-circuit occurs for lithium ion battery, battery unit highest
Temperature is with the variation tendency of time.It is given in figure using external short circuit shunting (present apparatus) and not using external short circuit point
In the case of two kinds of stream method, the analog result of temperature change.
Specific embodiment
Present disclosure is described in further details with reference to the accompanying drawings and detailed description.
Embodiment:
As shown in fig.1, the circuit of the device for prevention power lithium-ion battery packet thermal runaway provided in this embodiment shows
It is intended to, the present apparatus is suitable for the conventional batteries packet for having battery management system (BMS), and the battery pack is by multiple battery units
100 are made up of series-parallel mode, and one is parallel with by external resistance 110 and electricity in the positive and negative end of each battery unit
The branch that way switch control element 120 forms, during normal condition each contactor control element 120 be in open-circuit condition and
It is connected with battery management system signal, to judge whether each battery unit 100 occurs interior short for monitoring for battery management system
Road, if battery management system monitoring judges (no matter battery unit 100 is in charge and discharge to a certain generation of battery unit 100 internal short-circuit
Electricity condition or static condition), battery management system then while battery pack main circuit power is cut off and send out instruction to should
In the 100 corresponding contactor control element 120 of battery unit that internal short-circuit occurs, contactor control element 120 is connected, and makes
The generation internal short-circuit battery unit 100 by external short circuit, be divided to by the local high current of internal short-circuit battery unit 100
External resistance 110 alleviates the ascendant trend of 100 local temperature of internal short-circuit battery unit.
Resistance value during internal short-circuit occurs less than battery unit 100 for the resistance value of external resistance 110, for milliohm rank, resistance value
Be changed according to the internal short-circuit form of battery unit, at the same the external resistance 110 be by multiple resistance become one so as to
Reduce cost.When battery pack normal use, contactor control element 120 is in cut-off state (open-circuit condition).In cut
Only during state, internal resistance should be greater than 10 kilo-ohms, is not connected in circuit at this point, being equivalent to small resistance value external resistance 110, script
Battery pack circuit is not influenced by increase element.Contactor control element 120 is integrated by multiple switch control element
It is integrated, so as to reduce cost.Contactor control element 120 is powered using additional independent current source, such as button cell.
Battery management system (BMS) moment senses the voltage and temperature change of each battery unit 100, and judges electricity
Whether pool unit 100 occurs internal short-circuit and internal short-circuit occurs in which, and specific judgment method is:
(1) 100 voltage of battery unit is less than given threshold lower limit;
(2) 100 voltage change of battery unit is too fast, and decrease speed is more than U1 (such as 0.2V/s), and continues the 1s times;
(3) 100 temperature change of battery unit is too fast, and the rate of climb is more than T1 (such as 1 DEG C/s), and continues the 1s times;
(4) 100 voltage change of battery unit is too fast, and decrease speed is more than U2 (such as 0.5V/s), and continues the 1s times;
(5) 100 temperature change of battery unit is too fast, and the rate of climb is more than T2 (such as 4 DEG C/s), and continues the 1s times;
(6) 100 temperature of battery unit is more than 80 DEG C;
In condition (1)~(3), it is only necessary to meet any two condition, you can it is interior short to be judged as that battery unit 100 has occurred
Road;In condition (4)~(6), it is only necessary to meet any one condition, you can it is judged as that internal short-circuit has occurred in battery unit 100, and
The instruction of setting is sent out to contactor control element.Wherein, it is each because of battery used by practice and temperature acquisition point
It differs, numerical value U1, T1, U2, T2 should be again adjusted according to measured data of experiment or factory data.
It is excellent if battery unit 100 is in charged state when BMS detects that internal short-circuit occurs for some battery unit 100
It first passes through BMS and cuts off the charging circuit of entire battery system, and open contactor control element 120, the generation internal short-circuit
Battery unit 100 is hardly influenced by small 110 external short circuit of resistance value external resistance, other battery units 100 by the external resistance 110.
This moment, the internal short-circuit electric current of the battery 100 of the generation internal short-circuit is divided to small resistance value external resistance 110,100 part of battery unit
Heat production is relatively reduced, and local temperature rising is eased.From Fig. 2 under two kinds of different situations, the simulation knot of temperature change comparison
Fruit can be seen that.That is, the present apparatus can be adapted for non-charging and charged state.
External resistance integrated component is wrapped up using PCM material, prevents the temperature of resistance is excessively high from inducing dangerous, PCM material use
Be solid sublimation gas disposable phase-change material.Simultaneously as the quality of PCM material is to influence integrated component temperature height
An important factor for, applicant has been surprisingly found that the quality of PCM material is most by a large amount of research in primary accidental experiment
Low value can calculate to obtain by equation below:
Q0=Im 2Rot
Wherein, n refers to the number of single integrated dispatch from foreign news agency resistance element institute integrated resistor;C is the synthesis specific heat capacity of phase-change material,
Δ T is the variation of temperature, h1It is the enthalpy of phase change of unit mass.Im is the electric current that external resistance is flowed through under limiting condition, and Ro is dispatch from foreign news agency
Resistance, t are to generation thermal runaway duration since internal short-circuit.
It follows that the present apparatus is by before thermal runaway caused by battery unit internal short-circuit occurs, passing through external shunt
Method reduces the electric current for flowing through interior resistance, then can alleviate the rising of part maximum temperature at internal short-circuit, makes maximum temperature less than heat
Critical-temperature (fusion temperature of diaphragm) out of control, then be avoided that the generation of battery unit thermal runaway, further avoid battery pack
The propagation of thermal runaway;Even if thermal runaway cannot be prevented, minimum effect can also obvious postpone thermal runaway generation, win into
One step solves the time of thermal runaway.
Meanwhile the present apparatus is only needed on the basis of the conventional batteries packet for having battery management system (BMS), every series connection
One contactor control element of branch addition, a small external resistance pass through included into element, temperature and voltage monitoring
Battery management system carry out, it is seen that this method operability easily, it is at low cost.
Above-described embodiment is in the art the purpose is to be to allow simply to illustrate that the technical concepts and features of the present invention
Those of ordinary skill can understand present disclosure and implement according to this, and it is not intended to limit the scope of the present invention.It is all
It is the equivalent variation or modification made according to the essence of the content of present invention, should all covers within the scope of the present invention.
Claims (10)
1. a kind of device for preventing power lithium-ion battery packet thermal runaway, is used to have in the battery pack of battery management system,
Battery pack is made of multiple battery units, which is characterized in that is parallel with one by outer in the positive and negative end of each battery unit
The branch of resistance and contactor control element composition;During normal condition, each contactor control element is in opening a way
It state and is connected with battery management system signal, to judge whether each battery unit occurs interior for monitoring for battery management system
Short circuit, if battery management system monitoring judges that internal short-circuit occurs for a certain battery unit, battery management system is in cut-out battery
While packet main circuit power and send out in instruction to the corresponding contactor control element of battery unit of the generation internal short-circuit,
The contactor control element is connected so that the battery unit of the generation internal short-circuit is by external short circuit.
2. the device of power lithium-ion battery packet thermal runaway is prevented as described in claim 1, which is characterized in that the external resistance
Resistance value less than battery unit occur internal short-circuit when resistance value.
3. the device of power lithium-ion battery packet thermal runaway is prevented as claimed in claim 1 or 2, which is characterized in that described outer
Resistance is changed to become valued resistor, resistance value according to the internal short-circuit form of battery unit.
4. the device of power lithium-ion battery packet thermal runaway is prevented as claimed in claim 3, which is characterized in that the external resistance
It is integrated by multiple resistance, and wrapped up by PMC materials.
5. the device of power lithium-ion battery packet thermal runaway is prevented as claimed in claim 4, which is characterized in that the PMC materials
Expect the disposable phase-change material using solid sublimation gas.
6. the device of power lithium-ion battery packet thermal runaway is prevented as claimed in claim 5, which is characterized in that the PMC materials
The minimum of material quality m is calculated by such as following formula and is obtained:
Q0=Im 2Rot
Wherein, n refers to the number of single integrated dispatch from foreign news agency resistance element institute integrated resistor;C is the synthesis specific heat capacity of phase-change material, Δ T
It is the variation of temperature, h1It is the enthalpy of phase change of unit mass;Im is the electric current that external resistance is flowed through under limiting condition, and Ro is external resistance,
T is to generation thermal runaway duration since internal short-circuit.
7. the device of power lithium-ion battery packet thermal runaway is prevented as described in claim 1, which is characterized in that the circuit is opened
Control element is closed by independent power supply powered operation;When the contactor control element is in open-circuit condition, internal resistance is not
Less than 10 kilohms.
8. the device of the prevention power lithium-ion battery packet thermal runaway as described in claim 1 or 7, which is characterized in that the electricity
Way switch control element is become one by multiple switch control elements independent of each other.
9. as claimed in claim 3 prevent power lithium-ion battery packet thermal runaway device, which is characterized in that multiple resistance it
Between independently of one another and integrate.
10. the device of power lithium-ion battery packet thermal runaway is prevented as described in claim 1, which is characterized in that the battery
Management system monitoring judges that the method whether battery unit occurs internal short-circuit is:
(1) cell voltage is less than given threshold lower limit;
(2) cell voltage variation is too fast, and decrease speed is more than the voltage U1 of setting, and continues the 1s times;
(3) battery temperature variation is too fast, and the rate of climb is more than the time T1 of setting, and continues the 1s times;
(4) cell voltage variation is too fast, and decrease speed is more than the voltage U2 of setting, and continues the 1s times;
(5) battery temperature variation is too fast, and the rate of climb is more than the time T2 of setting, and continues the 1s times;
(6) battery temperature is more than 80 DEG C;
In condition (1)~(3), it is only necessary to meet any two condition, you can be judged as that internal short-circuit has occurred in battery unit;Condition
(4) in~(6), it is only necessary to meet any one condition, you can be judged as that internal short-circuit has occurred in battery unit.
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Cited By (7)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
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CN109521315A (en) * | 2018-11-19 | 2019-03-26 | 北京新能源汽车股份有限公司 | A kind of detection method of internal short-circuit of battery, device and automobile |
CN109860740A (en) * | 2019-02-18 | 2019-06-07 | 华为技术有限公司 | A kind of control method, device and battery pack for alleviating the sprawling of battery pack thermal runaway |
CN111267618A (en) * | 2020-01-20 | 2020-06-12 | 吉利汽车研究院(宁波)有限公司 | Early warning control method and system for thermal runaway of automobile battery |
CN111313108A (en) * | 2020-02-21 | 2020-06-19 | 深圳普瑞赛思检测技术有限公司 | Battery system and battery system processing method |
CN111638460A (en) * | 2020-06-11 | 2020-09-08 | 宁德新能源科技有限公司 | Battery testing apparatus, system and method |
WO2021185070A1 (en) * | 2020-03-19 | 2021-09-23 | 广州汽车集团股份有限公司 | Method and apparatus for preventing battery thermal runaway, and battery system |
CN115692903A (en) * | 2022-12-30 | 2023-02-03 | 新乡市镇华电力科技有限公司 | Emergency management system for thermal runaway of battery of energy storage power station |
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CN109521315A (en) * | 2018-11-19 | 2019-03-26 | 北京新能源汽车股份有限公司 | A kind of detection method of internal short-circuit of battery, device and automobile |
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CN111267618A (en) * | 2020-01-20 | 2020-06-12 | 吉利汽车研究院(宁波)有限公司 | Early warning control method and system for thermal runaway of automobile battery |
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CN114175353A (en) * | 2020-03-19 | 2022-03-11 | 广州汽车集团股份有限公司 | Method and device for preventing thermal runaway of battery and battery system |
CN111638460A (en) * | 2020-06-11 | 2020-09-08 | 宁德新能源科技有限公司 | Battery testing apparatus, system and method |
CN115692903A (en) * | 2022-12-30 | 2023-02-03 | 新乡市镇华电力科技有限公司 | Emergency management system for thermal runaway of battery of energy storage power station |
CN115692903B (en) * | 2022-12-30 | 2023-03-17 | 新乡市镇华电力科技有限公司 | Emergency management system for thermal runaway of battery of energy storage power station |
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