CN108258337A - A kind of method for preventing lithium ion battery thermal runaway - Google Patents
A kind of method for preventing lithium ion battery thermal runaway Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- CN108258337A CN108258337A CN201711435657.0A CN201711435657A CN108258337A CN 108258337 A CN108258337 A CN 108258337A CN 201711435657 A CN201711435657 A CN 201711435657A CN 108258337 A CN108258337 A CN 108258337A
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- CN
- China
- Prior art keywords
- lithium ion
- ion battery
- thermal runaway
- control element
- circuit
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Classifications
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M10/00—Secondary cells; Manufacture thereof
- H01M10/42—Methods or arrangements for servicing or maintenance of secondary cells or secondary half-cells
- H01M10/425—Structural combination with electronic components, e.g. electronic circuits integrated to the outside of the casing
- H01M10/4257—Smart batteries, e.g. electronic circuits inside the housing of the cells or batteries
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M10/00—Secondary cells; Manufacture thereof
- H01M10/42—Methods or arrangements for servicing or maintenance of secondary cells or secondary half-cells
- H01M10/44—Methods for charging or discharging
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M10/00—Secondary cells; Manufacture thereof
- H01M10/42—Methods or arrangements for servicing or maintenance of secondary cells or secondary half-cells
- H01M10/44—Methods for charging or discharging
- H01M10/448—End of discharge regulating measures
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M10/00—Secondary cells; Manufacture thereof
- H01M10/42—Methods or arrangements for servicing or maintenance of secondary cells or secondary half-cells
- H01M10/48—Accumulators combined with arrangements for measuring, testing or indicating the condition of cells, e.g. the level or density of the electrolyte
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M10/00—Secondary cells; Manufacture thereof
- H01M10/42—Methods or arrangements for servicing or maintenance of secondary cells or secondary half-cells
- H01M10/48—Accumulators combined with arrangements for measuring, testing or indicating the condition of cells, e.g. the level or density of the electrolyte
- H01M10/486—Accumulators combined with arrangements for measuring, testing or indicating the condition of cells, e.g. the level or density of the electrolyte for measuring temperature
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M10/00—Secondary cells; Manufacture thereof
- H01M10/42—Methods or arrangements for servicing or maintenance of secondary cells or secondary half-cells
- H01M10/425—Structural combination with electronic components, e.g. electronic circuits integrated to the outside of the casing
- H01M2010/4271—Battery management systems including electronic circuits, e.g. control of current or voltage to keep battery in healthy state, cell balancing
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M2200/00—Safety devices for primary or secondary batteries
- H01M2200/10—Temperature sensitive devices
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M2200/00—Safety devices for primary or secondary batteries
- H01M2200/30—Preventing polarity reversal
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
- Y02E60/00—Enabling technologies; Technologies with a potential or indirect contribution to GHG emissions mitigation
- Y02E60/10—Energy storage using batteries
Abstract
The invention discloses a kind of methods for preventing lithium ion battery thermal runaway, in the positive and negative end of a lithium ion battery branch in parallel, the branch route external resistance and contactor control element is composed in series, voltage sensor and temperature sensor are set in lithium ion battery, to sense the voltage of lithium ion battery and temperature change, and the voltage of lithium ion battery and temperature variation data are transmitted in data processor；If internal short-circuit occurs for lithium ion battery, data processor cuts off the charge circuit of lithium ion battery and sends out in signal instruction to contactor control element so that contactor control element is connected.The present invention is reduced the electric current for flowing through interior resistance, then can alleviate the rising of part maximum temperature at internal short-circuit, maximum temperature is made to be less than the critical-temperature of thermal runaway, then is avoided that the generation of thermal runaway by the method for external shunt.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to technical field of lithium ion, and in particular to a kind of method for preventing lithium ion battery thermal runaway.
Background technology
Lithium ion battery as a kind of high-energy density, the energy storage vehicle of long-life, be widely used in it is daily can
It carries in electronic equipment (especially smart mobile phone).However, the lithium ion of portable electronic device (especially smart mobile phone)
Battery catches fire explosion accident happens occasionally, and the safety problem of lithium ion battery can lead to enterprise's fortune loss, and threatening makes
It is a urgent problem to be solved with personnel's life security.
Lithium ion battery explosion on fire is the result of thermal runaway development.The inducement of lithium ion battery thermal runaway mainly has
Several, (1) mechanical induction if needle pierces, squeezes battery, leads to diaphragm breakup and cause internal short-circuit, eventually lead to thermal runaway；(2)
Battery is such as placed in hot environment (such as 200 DEG C) by thermal induction, and diaphragm eventually leads to hot mistake because high temperature melting causes internal short-circuit
Control；(3) electricity induction, such as overcharge lead to cathode lithium dendrite growth and puncture diaphragm, cause internal short-circuit and eventually lead to hot mistake
Control.As it can be seen that battery internal short-circuit is the main reason for leading to thermal runaway.Also, the thermal runaway caused by internal short-circuit and most common
A kind of situation.
Invention content
It is an object of the invention to overcome above-mentioned the deficiencies in the prior art, a kind of prevention lithium ion battery thermal runaway is provided
Method, to improve the safety that lithium ion battery uses.
To achieve the above object, the technical scheme is that：
A kind of method for preventing lithium ion battery thermal runaway, including
In the positive and negative end of a lithium ion battery branch in parallel, branch routing external resistance and contactor control element string
Connection composition, during normal condition, contactor control element is in cut-off state；
Voltage sensor and temperature sensor are set in lithium ion battery, to sense the voltage of lithium ion battery with
And temperature change, and the voltage of lithium ion battery and temperature variation data are transmitted in data processor, by data processing
Device judges whether lithium ion battery occurs internal short-circuit；
If internal short-circuit occurs for lithium ion battery, when battery is in charged state, data processor is then initially switched off lithium ion
The charging major loop of battery, then send out in signal instruction to contactor control element so that contactor control element is connected,
When battery is in electric discharge or static condition, data processor then directly sends out signal instruction to contactor control element
In so that contactor control element is connected.
The data processor judges that the method whether lithium ion battery occurs internal short-circuit is：
(1) cell voltage is less than given threshold lower limit；
(2) cell voltage variation is too fast, and decrease speed is more than the voltage U1 of setting, and continues the 1s times；
(3) battery temperature variation is too fast, and the rate of climb is more than the time T1 of setting, and continues the 1s times；
(4) cell voltage variation is too fast, and decrease speed is more than the voltage U2 of setting, and continues the 1s times；
(5) battery temperature variation is too fast, and the rate of climb is more than the time T2 of setting, and continues the 1s times；
(6) battery temperature is more than 80 DEG C；
In condition (1)~(3), it is only necessary to meet any two condition, you can be judged as that internal short-circuit has occurred in battery unit；
In condition (4)~(6), it is only necessary to meet any one condition, you can be judged as that internal short-circuit has occurred in battery unit.
When contactor control element is in cut-off state, internal resistance is no less than 10 kilohms.
The contactor control element is by independent power supply powered operation.
The contactor control element is switch triode or metal-oxide-semiconductor.
Resistance value during internal short-circuit occurs less than lithium ion battery for the resistance value of the external resistance.
It is wrapped up by PMC materials on the surface of the external resistance.
The PMC materials using solid sublimation gas disposable phase-change material.
The minimum of the PMC quality of materials m is calculated by such as following formula and is obtained：
Q0=Im 2Rot
Wherein c is the synthesis specific heat capacity of phase-change material, and Δ T is the variation of temperature, h1It is the enthalpy of phase change of unit mass；Im is
Under limiting condition, flow through the electric current of external resistance, Ro is external resistance, t be since internal short-circuit to occur thermal runaway it is lasting when
Between.
Compared with prior art, the present invention advantage is：
When internal short-circuit occurs for battery, the present invention is reduced the electric current for flowing through interior resistance, then can by the method for external shunt
Alleviate the rising of part maximum temperature at internal short-circuit, maximum temperature is made to be less than critical-temperature (the fusing temperature of diaphragm of thermal runaway
Degree), then it is avoided that the generation of thermal runaway；Even if thermal runaway cannot be prevented, minimum effect can also obvious postpone thermal runaway
Occur, win the time for further solving thermal runaway.In addition, the invention is only needed on the basis of original lithium ion battery,
Add a small resistance value external resistance for being wrapped in PCM material, a contactor control element and voltage temperature sensor, number
Then belong to script equipment according to processor to carry, it is seen that this method operability is easily, at low cost.
Description of the drawings
Fig. 1 is using the circuit diagram formed after the method for the present invention；
After for lithium ion battery " aluminium foil-anode " internal short-circuit occurs for Fig. 2, battery unit maximum temperature is with the variation of time
Trend.In the case of external short circuit shunting using the present invention is given in figure and does not use two kinds of external short circuit shunting, temperature
Spend the analog result of variation.
Specific embodiment
Present disclosure is described in further details with reference to the accompanying drawings and detailed description.
Embodiment：
In the present embodiment, lithium ion battery is connected in series by multiple lithium ionic cell units 100, therefore at this
In the method for prevention lithium ion battery thermal runaway that embodiment provides, in the positive and negative end of each lithium ionic cell unit 100
One branch of parallel connection, branch routing external resistance 120 and contactor control element 110 are composed in series, and during normal condition, circuit is opened
It closes control element 110 and is in cut-off state.
Voltage sensor and temperature sensor are set in each lithium ionic cell unit 100, to sense lithium ion
The voltage and temperature change of battery unit 100, and the voltage of lithium ionic cell unit 100 and temperature variation data are transmitted
Into data processor, judge whether lithium ionic cell unit 100 occurs internal short-circuit by data processor；
If internal short-circuit occurs for lithium ionic cell unit 100, data processor cuts off the charge circuit of lithium ion battery simultaneously
It sends out in signal instruction to corresponding contactor control element 110 so that contactor control element 110 is connected.
Using the test circuit figure that forms after the method provided in this embodiment for preventing lithium ion battery thermal runaway specifically such as
Shown in Fig. 1.
When normal use, contactor control element 110 is in cut-off state (closed state), in cut-off state
When, internal resistance should be greater than 10 kilo-ohms, according to actual conditions, switch triode or metal-oxide-semiconductor etc. can be chosen for, at this point, small resistance value
External resistance 120 is equivalent in off state, not influence the normal operation of each lithium ionic cell unit 100.
And the contactor control element 110 is powered using additional independent current source, such as button cell, to ensure
Contactor control element 110 is not influenced by lithium ion battery main circuit and charge circuit, ensures contactor control member
Part 110 can work independently.
Specifically, data processor judges that the method whether lithium ionic cell unit 100 occurs internal short-circuit is：
(1) 100 voltage of lithium ionic cell unit is less than given threshold lower limit.
(2) 100 voltage change of lithium ionic cell unit is too fast, and decrease speed is more than U1 (such as 0.2V/s), and when continuing 1s
Between.
(3) 100 temperature change of lithium ionic cell unit is too fast, and the rate of climb is more than T1 (such as 1 DEG C/s), and when continuing 1s
Between.
(4) 100 voltage change of lithium ionic cell unit is too fast, and decrease speed is more than U2 (such as 0.5V/s), and when continuing 1s
Between.
(5) 100 temperature change of lithium ionic cell unit is too fast, and the rate of climb is more than T2 (such as 4 DEG C/s), and when continuing 1s
Between.
(6) 100 temperature of lithium ionic cell unit is more than 80 DEG C.
In condition (1)~(3), it is only necessary to meet any two condition, you can be judged as that lithium ionic cell unit 100 occurs
Internal short-circuit；In condition (4)~(6), it is only necessary to meet any one condition, you can be judged as that lithium ionic cell unit 100 is sent out
Internal short-circuit has been given birth to, and the instruction of setting is sent out to corresponding contactor control element 120.Wherein, because used by practice
Battery and temperature acquisition point it is different, numerical value U1, T1, U2, T2 should be according to measured data of experiment or factory datas
It is adjusted again.
When data processor detects that internal short-circuit occurs for some lithium ionic cell unit 100, filled if battery is in
Electricity condition, is initially switched off the charging circuit of whole equipment, and opens corresponding contactor control element 120, will be short in the generation
The lithium ionic cell unit 100 on road external short circuit by force.This moment, the internal short-circuit of the lithium ionic cell unit 100 of the generation internal short-circuit
Electric current is divided to small resistance value external resistance 110, and the local heat production of lithium ionic cell unit 100 is relatively reduced, and local temperature rises
To alleviation.From Fig. 2 under two kinds of different situations, the analog result of temperature change comparison can be seen that.
Preferably, above-mentioned external resistance 110 is wrapped up using PCM material, to prevent excessively high induce of 110 temperature of external resistance from endangering
Danger, PCM material using solid sublimation gas disposable phase-change material.Simultaneously as the quality of PCM material is outside influencing
An important factor for 110 temperature height of resistance, applicant study by a large amount of, and are had been surprisingly found that in primary accidental experiment,
The quality minimum of PCM material can calculate to obtain by equation below：
Q0=Im 2Rot
Wherein, c is the synthesis specific heat capacity of phase-change material, and Δ T is the variation of temperature, h1It is the enthalpy of phase change of unit mass.Im
The electric current that external resistance is flowed through under limiting condition, Ro is external resistance, t be since internal short-circuit to occur thermal runaway it is lasting
Time.
Above-described embodiment is in the art the purpose is to be to allow simply to illustrate that the technical concepts and features of the present invention
Those of ordinary skill can understand present disclosure and implement according to this, and it is not intended to limit the scope of the present invention.It is all
It is the equivalent variation or modification made according to the essence of the content of present invention, should all covers within the scope of the present invention.
Claims (9)
- A kind of 1. method for preventing lithium ion battery thermal runaway, which is characterized in that the method includesIn the positive and negative end of a lithium ion battery branch in parallel, branch routing external resistance and contactor control element series connection group During into, normal condition, contactor control element is in cut-off state；Voltage sensor and temperature sensor are set in lithium ion battery, to sense the voltage of lithium ion battery and temperature Degree variation, and the voltage of lithium ion battery and temperature variation data are transmitted in data processor, sentenced by data processor Whether disconnected lithium ion battery occurs internal short-circuit；If internal short-circuit occurs for lithium ion battery, when battery is in charged state, data processor is then initially switched off lithium ion battery Charging major loop, then send out in signal instruction to contactor control element so that contactor control element is connected, and works as electricity When pond is in electric discharge or static condition, data processor is then directly sent out in signal instruction to contactor control element, is made Obtain the conducting of contactor control element.
- 2. the method for lithium ion battery thermal runaway is prevented as described in claim 1, which is characterized in that the data processor is sentenced The method whether disconnected lithium ion battery occurs internal short-circuit is：(1) cell voltage is less than given threshold lower limit；(2) cell voltage variation is too fast, and decrease speed is more than the voltage U1 of setting, and continues the 1s times；(3) battery temperature variation is too fast, and the rate of climb is more than the time T1 of setting, and continues the 1s times；(4) cell voltage variation is too fast, and decrease speed is more than the voltage U2 of setting, and continues the 1s times；(5) battery temperature variation is too fast, and the rate of climb is more than the time T2 of setting, and continues the 1s times；(6) battery temperature is more than 80 DEG C；In condition (1)~(3), it is only necessary to meet any two condition, you can be judged as that internal short-circuit has occurred in battery unit；Condition (4) in~(6), it is only necessary to meet any one condition, you can be judged as that internal short-circuit has occurred in battery unit.
- 3. the method for lithium ion battery thermal runaway is prevented as described in claim 1, which is characterized in that contactor control element During in cut-off state, internal resistance is no less than 10 kilohms.
- 4. the method for lithium ion battery thermal runaway is prevented as described in claim 1, which is characterized in that the contactor control Element is by independent power supply powered operation.
- 5. the method for the prevention lithium ion battery thermal runaway as described in claim 1 or 3 or 4, which is characterized in that the circuit is opened Control element is closed as switch triode or metal-oxide-semiconductor.
- 6. the method for lithium ion battery thermal runaway is prevented as described in claim 1, which is characterized in that the resistance value of the external resistance Resistance value during internal short-circuit occurs less than lithium ion battery.
- 7. the method as described in claim 1 or 6 for preventing lithium ion battery thermal runaway, which is characterized in that the external resistance It is wrapped up by PMC materials on surface.
- 8. the method for lithium ion battery thermal runaway is prevented as claimed in claim 7, which is characterized in that the PMC materials use Be solid sublimation gas disposable phase-change material.
- 9. the method for lithium ion battery thermal runaway is prevented as claimed in claim 8, which is characterized in that the PMC quality of materials m Minimum by such as following formula calculate and obtain：Q0=Im 2RotWherein, c is the synthesis specific heat capacity of phase-change material, and Δ T is the variation of temperature, h1It is the enthalpy of phase change of unit mass；Im is the limit Under operating mode, the electric current of external resistance is flowed through, Ro is external resistance, and t is to generation thermal runaway duration since internal short-circuit.
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| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
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| CN201711435657.0A CN108258337A (en) | 2017-12-26 | 2017-12-26 | A kind of method for preventing lithium ion battery thermal runaway |
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Cited By (8)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN109521315A (en) * | 2018-11-19 | 2019-03-26 | 北京新能源汽车股份有限公司 | A kind of detection method of internal short-circuit of battery, device and automobile |
| CN109782184A (en) * | 2018-12-25 | 2019-05-21 | 东莞钜威动力技术有限公司 | The non-security failure mode diagnostic method and its electronic equipment of Pack system |
| RU2695646C1 (en) * | 2019-02-20 | 2019-07-25 | Владимир Николаевич Горюнов | Device for automatic monitoring and equalization of charging degree of parallel-series connection of accumulators of unit |
| CN110187225A (en) * | 2019-06-17 | 2019-08-30 | 广东恒翼能科技有限公司 | A kind of lithium battery internal short-circuit voltage and current method for detecting abnormality and system |
| CN110265735A (en) * | 2019-06-18 | 2019-09-20 | 华霆（合肥）动力技术有限公司 | Battery thermal runaway protects system and electric car |
| CN110854455A (en) * | 2019-11-20 | 2020-02-28 | 张俊霞 | Device and method for measuring influence of composite phase change material on battery charging and discharging |
| CN111313108A (en) * | 2020-02-21 | 2020-06-19 | 深圳普瑞赛思检测技术有限公司 | Battery system and battery system processing method |
| US20210296718A1 (en) * | 2020-03-19 | 2021-09-23 | Guangzhou Automobile Group Co., Ltd. | Method and Device for Preventing Battery Thermal Runaway, and Battery System |
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| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN109521315A (en) * | 2018-11-19 | 2019-03-26 | 北京新能源汽车股份有限公司 | A kind of detection method of internal short-circuit of battery, device and automobile |
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| CN111313108A (en) * | 2020-02-21 | 2020-06-19 | 深圳普瑞赛思检测技术有限公司 | Battery system and battery system processing method |
| US20210296718A1 (en) * | 2020-03-19 | 2021-09-23 | Guangzhou Automobile Group Co., Ltd. | Method and Device for Preventing Battery Thermal Runaway, and Battery System |
| WO2021185070A1 (en) * | 2020-03-19 | 2021-09-23 | 广州汽车集团股份有限公司 | Method and apparatus for preventing battery thermal runaway, and battery system |
| CN114175353A (en) * | 2020-03-19 | 2022-03-11 | 广州汽车集团股份有限公司 | Method and device for preventing thermal runaway of battery and battery system |
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Application publication date: 20180706 |
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