CN108269564A - A kind of sound-insulation ears-shield being made of open cell type cellular glass and air bag - Google Patents
A kind of sound-insulation ears-shield being made of open cell type cellular glass and air bag Download PDFInfo
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- CN108269564A CN108269564A CN201810197921.XA CN201810197921A CN108269564A CN 108269564 A CN108269564 A CN 108269564A CN 201810197921 A CN201810197921 A CN 201810197921A CN 108269564 A CN108269564 A CN 108269564A
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- air bag
- sound
- cell type
- open cell
- cellular glass
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Classifications
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- G—PHYSICS
- G10—MUSICAL INSTRUMENTS; ACOUSTICS
- G10K—SOUND-PRODUCING DEVICES; METHODS OR DEVICES FOR PROTECTING AGAINST, OR FOR DAMPING, NOISE OR OTHER ACOUSTIC WAVES IN GENERAL; ACOUSTICS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- G10K11/00—Methods or devices for transmitting, conducting or directing sound in general; Methods or devices for protecting against, or for damping, noise or other acoustic waves in general
- G10K11/16—Methods or devices for protecting against, or for damping, noise or other acoustic waves in general
- G10K11/162—Selection of materials
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
- H04R—LOUDSPEAKERS, MICROPHONES, GRAMOPHONE PICK-UPS OR LIKE ACOUSTIC ELECTROMECHANICAL TRANSDUCERS; DEAF-AID SETS; PUBLIC ADDRESS SYSTEMS
- H04R1/00—Details of transducers, loudspeakers or microphones
- H04R1/10—Earpieces; Attachments therefor ; Earphones; Monophonic headphones
- H04R1/1083—Reduction of ambient noise
Abstract
The present invention proposes a kind of sound-insulation ears-shield being made of open cell type cellular glass and air bag, including earmuff frame body, shell, appearance decorative layer and internal filling layer；Internal filling layer is fixed in earmuff frame body and shell, and is passed through appearance decorative layer and closed；The internal filling layer is by open cell type cellular glass and fills the exoskeletal air bag of suede and forms；The exoskeletal air bag of suede that fills is sewn into air bag using light flexible material, and natural down is filled in air bag.The invention using open cell type cellular glass and fill the exoskeletal air bag of suede as internal filler, prepare the good lightweight earmuff of sound insulation effect, in the range of human ear sensitizing range, this lightweight earmuff has good sound absorption and sound insulation effect.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to field of acoustics, specially a kind of sound-insulation ears-shield being made of open cell type cellular glass and air bag.
Background technology
General ear cover structure is made of two parts, and outer layer is cortical layer or decoration layer of cloth, and inside is filling layer.The master of earmuff
It is sound insulation to act on, and reduces ambient noise, does not influence the working environment of earphone, and hearer is made to obtain good headphones sound effect.
The material used from current earmuff can be seen that outer cortex layer or decoration layer of cloth due to relatively thin, and sound insulation property is poor, sound absorption properties
It can be also poor；Internal filling layer is generally using stephanoporate frameworks materials such as sponge or airfoam cushions, compared to outer cortex layer or bunting
Layer has preferable sound absorbing performance.
The sound absorption principle of stephanoporate framework material is：When sound wave enters in stephanoporate framework material, cause air movement in hole,
And then the friction between air and skeleton wall surface is caused to generate heat, it is consumed so as to which acoustic energy is converted into heat.Stephanoporate framework material point
For hard skeleton material and soft framework material, hard skeleton material such as foamed aluminium, aluminium is as framework material, in structure mutually
It is coherent, Integrate porous structure is formed, the material that soft framework material refers to composition skeleton is that have flexible material, such as sponge.
In hard skeleton material, hard skeleton can make sound wave multiple reflections, hard skeleton in itself under the action of sound wave substantially not
Vibration is generated, therefore will not secondary outside radiative acoustic wave；Due to there are multiple reflections effect, and vibration is not generated substantially, therefore
Hard skeleton material is stronger to the conversion capability of sound wave, and sound absorbing performance is excellent.And in the soft framework material such as sponge, due to bone
Frame is soft material, and skeletal vibration and outward secondary radiation sound wave can be generated under the action of sound wave, therefore to sound wave conversion capability
It is smaller, so the sound absorbing performance of soft framework material can not show a candle to hard skeleton material.
Internal filling layer mainly just belongs to soft framework material in current existing ear cover structure, in order to improve sound insulation property,
The means of use only have the soft framework material thickness for increasing and coming sound direction, therefore general good earmuff is all thicker, but for a long time
Thicker earmuff is worn, is also easy to produce sultry sense of discomfort.
In addition porous material is poor in the sound absorbing performance of low-frequency range, this is because sound wave is a kind of energy as electromagnetic wave
Wave is measured, the size of energy becomes with frequency, and for frequency low energy with regard to small, frequency high-energy is just high.The frequency of sound wave 20Hz-
In the range of 20KHz, in low-frequency range its energy with regard to very low.When sound wave encounters barrier, if it is possible to push it, then
Sound wave can be converted into other form of energy, if sound wave enters in porous material hole, push the movement of air molecule, and then make
Air generates thermal energy with material wall friction, and acoustic energy is converted into heat, so as to which sound be eliminated.For all-bottom sound, energy
Amount is very low, since air movement is influenced by the frictional resistance between wall surface in hole, can not push air movement, at this time sound
Wave shows its fluctuation and blazes abroad around duct, therefore, the low frequency absorption poor performance of general porous material.
Invention content
It is undesirable as sound insulation effect existing for internal filling layer using soft framework material to solve typical earmuffs, it wears
There is the problem of feeling of oppression and heat and low frequency absorption poor performance, the present invention proposes a kind of to be made of open cell type cellular glass and air bag
Sound-insulation ears-shield, it is creative using open cell type cellular glass and to fill the exoskeletal air bag of suede as internal filler, prepare sound insulation
The good lightweight earmuff of effect, in the range of human ear sensitizing range, this lightweight earmuff has good sound absorption and sound insulation effect.
Open cell type cellular glass belongs to hard porous framework material, and sound absorbing performance is better than soft stephanoporate framework materials such as sponges
Material, average sound absorption coefficient is 0.6-0.8, and open cell type cellular glass is compared in the open-celled foams metal such as foamed aluminium, not only
Sound absorbing performance is excellent, and (unit weight is less than 0.7g/cm with lightweight3), environmental-friendly, harmless, gas permeability is good, processing
The advantages such as simple process and low cost prepare open cell type cellular glass using salt mould sintering process, can effectively control cellular glass hole
Diameter, porosity and finished size can control sound absorbing performance.But open cell type cellular glass is used as internal filling layer merely
It is really up to the mark there are structure, wear the problems such as uncomfortable.
It is that natural down is filled in the effigurate bag of tool to fill the exoskeletal air bag of suede, since natural feather itself has one
Fixed tension, you can to restore its natural shape ability, therefore automatically form gas cell after filling.With ultralight, easy processing, institute
Needing shape can determine and the advantages such as cheap according to actual needs；Preparation method is simple, and material is easy to get, and has commercialization
Prospect.
Natural feather has the characteristics that light, warming and comfortable generally as the filler of clothes and bedding etc., is widely used in
In daily life.But applicant has found natural feather in the course of the research, and the structure of natural down especially is very unique, if
By reasonably using can have good sound absorbing performance, since its sound absorbing mechanism is different from skeletal porous material, still
Without the research and application for down feather material sound absorbing performance.
Microcosmic lower it is observed that the root growth in animal feather elongated suede, be connected with stalk, by these suedes and
It is referred to as natural down after stalk stripping.The structure of natural down is very unique, the suede for having proper alignment very tiny on every suede
Hair, villus are smaller than 1mm.One end of villus is fixed on suede, and the other end is not fixed, and when stress can swing in the air.
The diameter of single suede is generally a few tenths of millimeter, and length can be to any direction certainly generally in 1cm -5cm etc., stress
By being bent.The diameter of single villus above suede is micron order, and length is less than 1mm, and quality is extremely light.This structure of natural feather is being met
During to sound wave, the energy of sound wave can swing villus, can also move suede, and so as to which acoustic energy is changed into mechanical energy, this is just
It is the sound absorbing mechanism of natural feather.Since natural feather is that birds grow up to naturally, the size of suede is irregular, is had with short, size is not
One, therefore have sound absorption to the sound wave of different frequency.All-bottom sound can cause the swing of villus, and high frequency sound can cause suede
The swing of hair and the movement of suede, thus natural feather shows excellent broad band sound absorption performance.
Balloon surface material should be the material that can penetrate sound wave, and optimal selection is pored wood material, such as cloth, leather, in this way
Sound wave can be easily guided into air bag from air.From acoustic knowledge it is found that when the characteristic impedance (ρ c) of air and material surface
Characteristic impedance matching when, i.e., both characteristic impedance is close, and sound wave is easily guided into.The surface for having the material (such as cloth) of hole has greatly
Metering-orifice reduces the density of material surface, and characteristic impedance is approached with air, and sound wave can be passed to by hole in air bag.And such as
Fruit selects pore-free material, then the density of material will select the smaller the better, approach its characteristic impedance with air, such as select light
Matter thin-film material also may be used.
Based on above-mentioned principle, the technical scheme is that：
A kind of sound-insulation ears-shield being made of open cell type cellular glass and air bag, including earmuff frame body, shell, appearance dress
Adorn layer and internal filling layer；Internal filling layer is fixed in earmuff frame body and shell, and is passed through appearance decorative layer and closed；Its feature
It is：The internal filling layer is by open cell type cellular glass and fills the exoskeletal air bag of suede and forms；The exoskeletal air bag of suede that fills is adopted
Air bag is sewn into light flexible material, natural down is filled in air bag.
Further preferred embodiment, a kind of sound-insulation ears-shield being made of open cell type cellular glass and air bag, feature
It is：The light flexible material uses pored wood material.
It is found in the research of applicant, air bag sound absorbing performance can be influenced by filling suede density, and the natural down in air bag fills suede
Density can not cannot mostly be lacked, and when natural feather dosage is very little, be acted on without enough villus, and the ability for converting sound wave is small, therefore absorbs sound
Performance is bad, and when natural feather dosage is excessive, sound absorbing performance can also decline to a great extent, the analysis found that the reason is that：Natural feather dosage
When excessive, suede branch can mutually be wound, and hinder the movement of villus, and then acoustical absorptivity is caused to decline.
Therefore, further preferred embodiment, a kind of sound-insulation ears-shield being made of open cell type cellular glass and air bag,
It is characterized in that：Natural down fills suede density for 0.005g/cm in air bag3~0.1g/cm3。
Using open cell type cellular glass and the exoskeletal air bag of suede is filled as internal filling layer, and layering knot may be used in structure
Structure, such as glass+air bag+glass, glass+air bag, air bag+glass+air bag, naturally it is also possible to which more layers can also be used embedding in addition
Nested structure, if air bag is integrally by glass fluxing technique；In addition in layered structure, single air bag that air bag can be integrally formed,
Can be multiple ballonets；And open cell type cellular glass can be hollow cylindrical structure or solid cylinder structure.
Therefore, further preferred embodiment, a kind of sound-insulation ears-shield being made of open cell type cellular glass and air bag,
It is characterized in that：The internal filling layer by open cell type cellular glass and is filled the exoskeletal air bag of suede and formed successively using layered structure.
Further preferred embodiment, a kind of sound-insulation ears-shield being made of open cell type cellular glass and air bag, feature
It is：It is described to fill the exoskeletal air bag of suede using single integral gasbag or be made of multiple ballonets.
Further preferred embodiment, a kind of sound-insulation ears-shield being made of open cell type cellular glass and air bag, feature
It is：The open cell type cellular glass uses hollow cylindrical structure or solid cylinder structure.
Further preferred embodiment, a kind of sound-insulation ears-shield being made of open cell type cellular glass and air bag, feature
It is：The internal filling layer fills the exoskeletal air bag of suede by open cell type cellular glass integral coating wherein using nested structure.
Advantageous effect
Beneficial effects of the present invention are：
1st, the features such as cellular glass for preparing earmuff belongs to lightweight, environmental protection, harmless, and sound absorbing performance is excellent；
2nd, the exoskeletal air bag of suede that fills for preparing earmuff is used as sound-absorbing material, has ultralight, easy processing, required shape can
With the advantages such as determining and cheap according to actual needs；
3rd, sound-insulation ears-shield prepared by the present invention has the characteristics that lightweight, ventilative, comfortable, environmental protection and sound absorption are had excellent performance；
4th, preparation method of the present invention is simple, and material is easy to get, and has the prospect of commercialization.
The additional aspect and advantage of the present invention will be set forth in part in the description, and will partly become from the following description
It obtains significantly or is recognized by the practice of the present invention.
Description of the drawings
The above-mentioned and/or additional aspect and advantage of the present invention will become in the description from combination accompanying drawings below to embodiment
Significantly and it is readily appreciated that, wherein：
Fig. 1：The monnolithic case structure of earmuff and internal three-decker schematic diagram；
Fig. 2：Hollow cylindrical structure open cell type cellular glass schematic diagram；
Fig. 3：Solid cylinder structure open cell type cellular glass schematic diagram；
Fig. 4：Airbag shape schematic diagram；
Fig. 5：Inside air bag structure diagram；
Fig. 6：10mm glass+10mm air bag+10mm glass (gross masses：101g)；
Fig. 7：10mm glass+20mm thickness air bag (gross masses：53g)；
Fig. 8：10mm air bag+10mm glass+10mm air bag (gross masses：57g)；
Fig. 9：10mm air bag+1mm aluminium flake+10mm air bag (gross masses：29g).
Specific embodiment
The embodiment of the present invention is described below in detail, the embodiment is exemplary, it is intended to for explaining the present invention, and
It is not considered as limiting the invention.
Embodiment 1：
The sound-insulation ears-shield being made of open cell type cellular glass and air bag in the present embodiment, including earmuff frame body, shell, outer
Table decorative layer and internal filling layer；Internal filling layer is fixed in earmuff frame body and shell, and is passed through appearance decorative layer and closed；Institute
Internal filling layer is stated by open cell type cellular glass and fills the exoskeletal air bag of suede and forms；The exoskeletal air bag of suede that fills uses lightweight soft
Property material be sewn into air bag, natural down is filled in air bag.
Open cell type cellular glass in wherein internal filling layer uses glass+air bag+glass with the exoskeletal air bag of suede is filled
Three-decker, internal layer and outer layer are open cell type cellular glass, and to fill the exoskeletal air bag of suede, air bag is to form gas by non-woven fabrics for centre
Capsule outer layer, interior filled natural natural feather, can be with self-assembling formation air bag due to the support of natural down.
The porosity of ectonexine open cell type cellular glass is 0.75, thickness 10mm, diameter 99mm, center sleeve thickness 10mm,
A diameter of 100mm, filling natural feather density are 0.0382g/cm3, internal filling layer general thickness is 30mm, gross mass 101g.
Mean transmission loss is 16.38dB (800Hz -1600Hz), and sound insulation curve is as shown in Figure 6.As can be seen that with the raising of frequency,
Oise insulation factor is linearly related, and can estimate its oise insulation factor in frequency range 800Hz -2500Hz of human ear sensitivity is about
21.60dB, therefore there is good sound insulation effect in medium-high frequency.
Below by inside and outside two layers in the present embodiment to illustrate for the inside filling layer of folder airbag structure among cellular glass
Its sound absorption principle.When external voice enters earmuff, porous vitreous layer is initially entered.Since the surface of cellular glass exists largely
Hole is communicated with air, therefore its surface characteristic impedance is close to the characteristic impedance of air, it then follows the characteristic impedance matching principle in acoustics,
Sound wave is easily guided into material.It, can since open cell type cellular glass has wider frequency band and high acoustic absorptivity into after wherein
To absorb most acoustic energy, so as to reduce sound.If acoustic absorptivity is 0.8, you can by acoustic energy absorption 80%, that is, can incite somebody to action
Acoustic energy conversion 80%.When the sound of transmission enters the second layer and fills suede air bag layer, the matching that characteristic impedance is equally existed between interface is asked
Topic, if the decorative layer cloth of air bag is close with the characteristic impedance on the surface of cellular glass, then sound wave easily enters air bag layer,
Mushy cloth is such as selected, characteristic impedance is also close with air, therefore sound is easily accessible air bag.Into after air bag, due to plumage
The sound absorbing performance of suede is excellent, therefore most of acoustic energy is consumed.Similarly, into after the cellular glass of internal layer, and remainder can be consumed
Divide the major part of acoustic energy.By the absorption of this three layers of porous materials, the sound for finally entering human ear can be seldom.
Embodiment 2：
Open cell type cellular glass in the present embodiment in internal filling layer uses glass+air bag two with the exoskeletal air bag of suede is filled
Layer structure, air bag thickness 20mm, a diameter of 100mm, filling natural feather density are 0.0255g/cm3, glassy layer be thickness 10mm, diameter
The cellular glass of 99mm and porosity 0.75, general thickness 30mm, gross mass 53g.Mean transmission loss is 14.26dB
(800Hz -1600Hz), sound insulation curve are as shown in Figure 7.As can be seen that with the raising of frequency, oise insulation factor is linearly related,
It is about 17.67dB, therefore have in medium-high frequency that can estimate its oise insulation factor in frequency range 800Hz -2500Hz of human ear sensitivity
Good sound insulation effect.
Embodiment 3：
Open cell type cellular glass in the present embodiment in internal filling layer and fill the exoskeletal air bag of suede using air bag+glass+
The three-decker of air bag, ectonexine is thickness 10mm, diameter 100mm and filling natural feather density are 0.0509g/cm3Air bag, in
Interbed is thickness 10mm, the cellular glass of diameter 99mm and porosity 0.75, gross mass 57g.Mean transmission loss is 12.83dB
(800Hz—1600Hz).The curve that insulates against sound is as shown in Figure 8.As can be seen that with the raising of frequency, oise insulation factor is linearly related,
It is about 16.75dB, therefore have in medium-high frequency that can estimate its oise insulation factor in frequency range 800Hz -2500Hz of human ear sensitivity
Good sound insulation effect.
Embodiment 4：
Filling layer uses the three-decker of air bag+aluminium flake+air bag inside the present embodiment, and ectonexine is thickness 10mm, filling
Natural feather density is 0.0509g/cm3Air bag, middle layer for thickness 1mm, diameter 99mm metal aluminium flakes, overall thickness 21mm, total matter
It measures as 28.8g, mean transmission loss is 14.84dB (800Hz -1600Hz).The curve that insulates against sound is as shown in Figure 9.As can be seen that with
The raising of frequency, oise insulation factor tend towards stability, therefore general in the sound insulation effect of medium-high frequency.
Although the embodiments of the present invention has been shown and described above, it is to be understood that above-described embodiment is example
Property, it is impossible to limitation of the present invention is interpreted as, those of ordinary skill in the art are not departing from the principle of the present invention and objective
In the case of can make changes, modifications, substitutions and variations to the above described embodiments within the scope of the invention.
Claims (7)
1. a kind of sound-insulation ears-shield being made of open cell type cellular glass and air bag, including earmuff frame body, shell, appearance decorative layer and
Internal filling layer；Internal filling layer is fixed in earmuff frame body and shell, and is passed through appearance decorative layer and closed；
It is characterized in that：The internal filling layer is by open cell type cellular glass and fills the exoskeletal air bag of suede and forms；It is described fill suede without
Skeleton, air bag is sewn into air bag using light flexible material, and natural down is filled in air bag.
2. a kind of sound-insulation ears-shield being made of open cell type cellular glass and air bag according to claim 1, it is characterised in that：
The light flexible material uses pored wood material.
3. a kind of sound-insulation ears-shield being made of open cell type cellular glass and air bag according to claim 1 or claim 2, feature exist
In：Natural down fills suede density for 0.005g/cm in air bag3~0.1g/cm3。
4. a kind of sound-insulation ears-shield being made of open cell type cellular glass and air bag according to claim 3, it is characterised in that：
The internal filling layer by open cell type cellular glass and is filled the exoskeletal air bag of suede and formed successively using layered structure.
5. a kind of sound-insulation ears-shield being made of open cell type cellular glass and air bag according to claim 4, it is characterised in that：
It is described to fill the exoskeletal air bag of suede using single integral gasbag or be made of multiple ballonets.
6. a kind of sound-insulation ears-shield being made of open cell type cellular glass and air bag according to claim 4, it is characterised in that：
The open cell type cellular glass uses hollow cylindrical structure or solid cylinder structure.
7. a kind of sound-insulation ears-shield being made of open cell type cellular glass and air bag according to claim 3, it is characterised in that：
The internal filling layer fills the exoskeletal air bag of suede by open cell type cellular glass integral coating wherein using nested structure.
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Cited By (2)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN112339362A (en) * | 2020-11-25 | 2021-02-09 | 宜兴市泰宇汽车零部件有限公司 | Ultra-light high-performance sound-absorbing material with carbon fiber and down feather laminated structure |
| CN112954533A (en) * | 2021-03-09 | 2021-06-11 | 歌尔科技有限公司 | Earmuff and headset |
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