CN108268595A - A kind of building operating facilities status monitoring and Visualized Analysis System based on Internet of Things - Google Patents
A kind of building operating facilities status monitoring and Visualized Analysis System based on Internet of Things Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
The present invention proposes a kind of building operating facilities status monitoring and Visualized Analysis System based on Internet of Things.The present invention monitors its status data in real time using the Internet of Things communication technology in the operating facilities such as the various kinds of sensors of intelligent building and functional facilities.The present invention and then for status data, according to the spatial distribution of its sampled point, using visual means, generate building state pattern, the state of entire intelligent building is shown by the pattern, and come quick with image procossing and mode identification technology and qualitatively analyze the pattern, realize that the identification to building regional anomaly monitors.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to INTELLIGENT BUILDING TECHNIQUE more particularly to a kind of building operating facilities status monitoring based on Internet of Things with
Visualized Analysis System.
Background technology
Intelligent building is among information-based, Internet of Things networking technological means is applied to building, in prosthetic intervention
In the case of realize the optimization of various building functions.Intelligent building includes architecture noumenon, also contemplated all types of of building interior
Functional facilities.Compared with traditional architecture ontology and its inner facility, the essential advantage of intelligent building is：Build related diversification
The extensive acquisition of data information, the data analysis of the high intelligence of high efficiency and situation judge, the control of the remote operation of functional facilities,
And the architectural environment using the experience of people as final goal optimizes.Wherein, acquisition, processing, analysis and the intelligence of diversification data
Judgement is to realize the precondition of functional facilities manipulation and architectural environment state optimization.
Data are the bases of building intellectualization.For a long time and high-frequency acquire and preserve what is perceived from intelligent building
Data, acquire and preserve with particularly becoming more meticulous intelligent building ontology and its functional facilities in all directions, the data of polymorphic type, be real
Condition necessary to what incumbent subsequent intellectual analysis and regulation and control.At present, although the requirement of the building standards such as LEED or the long-term guarantor of encouragement
It deposits operation data and reports these data, but be only limitted to the macro-data of building total energy consumption etc, not for Discussion on architecture
The data of each spatial position and each type facilities carry out acquisition comprehensively and upload, and the frequency of data record is generally
Long to one day or January, due to lacking detailed high-frequency constructing operation historical data, many intelligentized analyses with
Control is not all known where to begin.
In view of the above problems, the intelligent building newly built in recent years can be generally set than more comprehensive diversification sensor network
Network and the functional facilities with communication ability can realize high density, the acquisition of high-frequency data.In particular with object
The popularization and application of networking technology, sensor and functional facilities in intelligent building are all generally included into the Internet of Things net system of building
Among.Internet of Things is referred to as " internet of object and object ", be using each article in space as a node inside network,
The acquisition and transmitting-receiving of data are performed, so as to form the network of ubiquitous, all-embracing ubiquitousization in space, is utilized
It is real-time performance data acquisition, transmission, shared and assign teleinstruction article is controlled.Although Internet of Things networking is convenient
The acquisition and transmission of data in intelligent building, still, a resulting new problem be exactly extra large quantized data to towards
The data management of intelligent building causes difficulty with analysis.
Because most of intelligent building belongs to large and medium-sized building (such as office building, megastore, residential building, gymnasium, vehicle
Stand), space scale is very big, in order to ensure normal operation of the intelligent building system in large and medium-sized building, need in building,
Outer a plurality of types of environmental parameters are acquired, including illumination parameter, temperature parameter, humidity parameter, noise parameter, smog sense
Should, air particle parameter etc., this just needs to install a large amount of various kinds of sensors；Meanwhile a large amount of work(is also installed inside building
Energy facility, such as headlamp, fire-fighting water spout, air-conditioner air outlet, air purifier, automatic curtain, etc..We are by above-mentioned biography
Sensor and functional facilities are referred to as operating facilities.Operating facilities quantity is more, type is more, spatial position dispersion.For example, in order to take precautions against
Fire and the smoke sensor device for being used to monitor smog, as soon as each room is at least, then entire building has hundreds of distributions
In each room；Equally, for the illumination in accurate measurements building room, each room the inside needs to install several illumination sensings
Just there is hundreds of optical sensor in device, this building, are dispersed in each place of building.It is as it can be seen that large and medium-sized at one
In building, the data sampling point being made of each operating facilities has thousands of, and the data volume of output is also very big.
Data caused by the operating facilities of these substantial amounts and spatial dispersion are analyzed and management is one non-
Often difficult and time consuming work.In traditional technology, from the background to the status data of each operating facilities obtained by Internet of Things,
All it is to be summarized, and be shown to administrative staff in the form of list records.But it is recorded and shown in a manner of list all
The state of operating facilities is not very intuitive, is also unfavorable for the effective analysis of status data expansion to operating facilities.Currently based on table
Single analysis method is mainly superthreshold alarm and the inquiry according to number or implementor name, for example, if encountering exception causes certain
The status data numerical value of a operating facilities has exceeded the normal range (NR) of permission, then shows pop-up, and giving alarm to administrative staff carries
Show.This analysis means are excessively single, it is impossible to it is true reflect in intelligent building the virtual condition of all kinds of operating facilities and its
Zonal development and change situation.Moreover, because various and standard disunity of source and type, intelligent building ought at present
In the operating facilities such as sensor, functional facilities lack unified naming ＆ numbering specification, with general querying method or
List methods of exhibiting is all difficult that desirable data point is searched in thousands of sampled data points, this greatly increases
People has been added to use the difficulty of these data in management and analysis phase.
Invention content
In view of above-mentioned problem above in the prior art, the present invention proposes that a kind of building operation based on Internet of Things is set
Standby status monitoring and Visualized Analysis System.The present invention using the Internet of Things communication technology, from the various kinds of sensors of intelligent building and
Its status data is monitored in real time in the operating facilities such as functional facilities.The present invention and then for status data, according to its sampled point
Spatial distribution, using visual means, generate building state pattern, the shape of entire intelligent building shown by the pattern
State, and come quick with image procossing and mode identification technology and qualitatively analyze the pattern, it realizes different to building regionality
Normal identification monitoring.
The present invention provides a kind of building operating facilities status monitorings and Visualized Analysis System based on Internet of Things, special
Sign is, including：Operating facilities, data gathering node and background data center；
The operating facilities include the various types of sensors and the functional facilities that are laid in building construction object；The biography
Sensor is used to be acquired a plurality of types of environmental parameters；The functional facilities are used to export the working status parameter of itself；
And each base node of the operating facilities as an Internet of Things is connected to data by the wireless internet of things communication technology and converges
The status data that itself is obtained is uploaded to data gathering node by node in real time；
The data gathering node is set to each region of building space, for the base in the spatial dimension of one's respective area
Plinth node is based on the wireless internet of things communication technology and establishes connection, and then obtains each base node in the spatial dimension of one's respective area
The status data of upload；Carry out one's respective area status data summarize and transfer, built by technology of Internet of things and background data center
Vertical wireless communication link, background data center is uploaded to by the status data that this section point converges；
Background data center summarizes and stores the state that each base node is uploaded by the data gathering node of one's respective area
Data, and status data is monitored and analyzed, including：According to the spatial distribution of base node, using visualization side
Formula generates building state pattern, the state of entire intelligent building is shown by the pattern, and use image procossing and pattern
Identification technology is come quick and qualitatively analyzes the pattern, realizes that the identification to building regional anomaly monitors.
Preferably, the background data center is included with lower module：Original record module, building mapping module, state
Data visualization module, state pattern synthesis module, state pattern discriminance analysis module, abnormal alarm module；
The original record module is used for the status data of each operating facilities to being obtained by data gathering node, with
The form of list record is summarized, and generates original record file；
The building mapping module generates the three-dimensional map image under building X-Y-Z coordinate systems；
The status data visualization model is recorded according to the list that original record module generates, will be in each time section
The status data of record is converted into the three-dimensional state visual image under X-Y-Z coordinate systems；
State pattern synthesis module, by status data visualization model generate described in the status visualization image and building
The synthesis of three-dimensional map image, form associated with building space region three-dimensional state pattern；
State pattern discriminance analysis module, will be real for obtaining the three-dimensional state pattern from state pattern synthesis module
When the three-dimensional state pattern that obtains matched with the building standard state template to prestore, judge any space area in building
The ambient condition in domain and the working condition of various functions facility；
Abnormal alarm module is used to determine the building of real-time three-dimensional state pattern reflection in state pattern discriminance analysis module
In the case of space space environment state and working condition domain of the existence sexual abnormality, abnormal alarm is performed.
Preferably, the list record that the original record module is generated includes following field：ID represents operating facilities
Number；TYPE represents the type of operating facilities；STAT represents the numerical value of status data；KIND represents the shape of status data
State type；DATE represents the acquisition date of the status data；TIME represents the acquisition time of the status data；POS has recorded
The spatial position coordinate (X, Y, Z) of the operating facilities of acquisition state data, wherein Z coordinate represent floor, (X, Y) coordinate representation fortune
Seek distributing position of the equipment on the floor layer plane.
Preferably, the spatial position for the POS fields that the status data visualization model is recorded according to the list is sat
It marks (X, Y, Z), a pixel each record being mapped as under X-Y-Z coordinate systems；And the STAT values of each record are turned
The brightness value or color value of the pixel are turned to, thus by some Status Type recorded in any one time section
Whole status datas are expressed as a three-dimensional state visual image.
Preferably, the state pattern synthesis module calls the three-dimensional map image of building, and according to this dimensionally
Each area of space unit in figure image, in each area of space unit incident point position defined in, and can according to state
Brightness value or color value depending on changing each pixel in image pass through the brightness value or face of each incident point position of interpolation calculation
Color value.
Preferably, for different area of space units, shape is provided according in the space of the area of space unit
The distributed quantity of the operating facilities of state data correspondingly determines the setting quantity of incident point position in the area of space unit such as
Under：
Wherein, NeIt is the projection in the area of space unit, puts bit quantity, NpIt is distributed across within the area of space unit
A certain TYPE types operating facilities quantity, ε be linear conversion factor, V is the construction area of the area of space unit.
Preferably, the state pattern synthesis module extracts position distribution in the space in status visualization image
Pixel within area unit is sat according to (X, Y, the Z) of the brightness value of each pixel or color value and the pixel
Mark, to have the interpolation algorithm for influencing to evaluate to calculate the brightness value either color value on each incident point position.
Preferably, for each incident point position, the state in predefined distance range with incident point position is determined
The all pixels point and its brightness value or color value of visual image, and according to each pixel and the distance of incident point position
Set corresponding influence evaluation of estimate；With the brightness value or color value of the pixel of status visualization image each in the distance range
And evaluation of estimate is influenced by weighted average calculation, obtain brightness value or color value on the position of the incident point.
Preferably, state pattern discriminance analysis module is responsible for preserving and safeguards a building standard state template set, should
Building standard state template is stored in template set；By the above-mentioned three-dimensional state pattern accumulated in a period, gathered
Class algorithm obtains several clusters, and then for the three-dimensional state pattern in each cluster, carries out each projection site value
Average calculating operation, average building standard state template of the three-dimensional state pattern as a type of cluster obtained.
Preferably, state pattern discriminance analysis module is used for the current width three-dimensional state pattern obtained in real time,
It is matched with the k building standard state template that this module prestores, the matching primitives are to calculate the real-time three-dimensional
The distance between state pattern and each three-dimensional state pattern as building standard state template value：
WhereinIt is real-time three-dimensional state pattern E and a building standard state template EpThe distance between value, IB
Brightness values or color value of (x, y) the expression three-dimensional state pattern E at projection site of the coordinate for (x, y), and IBp(xy) it represents
Brightness values or color of the three-dimensional state pattern Ep at projection site of the coordinate for (x, y) as building standard state template
Value；Coordinate (x, y) value is by (0,0) to (M, N), whole projection sites of traversal three-dimensional state pattern, thus by same coordinate
The brightness value in the projection site of position or the absolute difference of color value cumulative and as distance value；The real-time three-dimensional shape
The distance value that state pattern and building standard state template set which of work as building standard state template is minimum, then by this in real time
Three-dimensional state pattern is identified as the corresponding space regional environment state of building standard state template and various functions are set
Apply working condition.
The present invention is worked as using the Internet of Things communication technology from the operating facilities such as the various kinds of sensors of intelligent building and functional facilities
In monitor its status data in real time.Also, the present invention for sampling obtain status data, according to the spatial distribution of sampled point into
Row visualization processing generates state pattern, and the state pattern and the space structure of building construction object are combined closely, and can provide can
Depending on the status display of change, and by carrying out image procossing and pattern-recognition to the state pattern, coming quick and qualitatively analyzing
The pattern obtains the ambient condition and working condition of building, realizes that the identification to building regional anomaly monitors.The present invention has
Visual control, analysis efficiency is high, can reflect the advantages of intelligent building space regionality state change.
Figure of description
Fig. 1 is the total of the building operating facilities status monitoring based on Internet of Things and Visualized Analysis System of the present invention
Body configuration diagram；
Fig. 2 is the background data center configuration diagram of system of the present invention；
Fig. 3 is the building construction space three-dimensional state pattern schematic diagram that the present invention generates；
Fig. 4 is the interpolation arithmetic schematic diagram in any projection site.
Specific embodiment
Below by embodiment, technical scheme of the present invention is described in further detail.
The present invention proposes a kind of building operating facilities status monitoring and Visualized Analysis System based on Internet of Things.The present invention
Using the Internet of Things communication technology, its shape is monitored in real time in the operating facilities such as the various kinds of sensors of intelligent building and functional facilities
State data.The present invention and then for status data, according to the spatial distribution of its sampled point, using visual means, generates building
State pattern is shown the state of entire intelligent building by the pattern, and come with image procossing and mode identification technology
The pattern is analyzed quickly and qualitatively, realize that the identification to building regional anomaly monitors.
Fig. 1 is the building operating facilities status monitoring of the present invention based on Internet of Things and Visualized Analysis System framework
Schematic diagram.The present invention will be laid in various types of sensors and functional facilities in intelligent large buildings building and be used as operation
Equipment；And then these operating facilities are organized as an Internet of Things, various operating facilities status numbers are realized by Internet of Things Network Communication
According to acquisition and transmission；And background data center is established, for the status data monitored and visual analyzing is collected, thus
State recognition and Optimum Regulation for intelligent building, which are given, to be supported.
This system is using the various sensors and functional facilities laid in intelligent building building as operating facilities.This system portion
Illumination parameter sensor, the temperature parameter that the sensor of administration can include being distributed in the inside and outside space of building sense
Device, humidity parameter sensor, noise parameter sensor, smoke sensing sensor, air particle parameter sensors, sensor are used
It is acquired in a plurality of types of environmental parameters inside and outside to building, such as the luminance state number on optical sensor acquisition periphery
According to air particle parameter sensors acquisition air particle density data.Meanwhile the functional facilities packet installed inside building
It includes：Headlamp, fire-fighting water spout, air-conditioner air outlet, thermoregulator, air purifier, automatic curtain；Intelligentized function is set
Applying can independently perform or perform necessary function and adjusting according to remote control commands, such as headlamp can be independently or remote
Process control adjusts brightness, and air-conditioner air outlet can independently or remote adjustment goes out wind velocity and air output, and thermoregulator can oneself
Main or remote control adjusts indoor temperature；Also, each functional facilities can also be used as a data point, export the work of itself
Make state parameter, for example, air-conditioner air outlet can export the actual value for itself going out wind velocity and air output as working condition ginseng
Number, thermoregulator can export the desired temperature of itself as working status parameter.
In the Internet of Things framework of the present invention, the operating facilities of each sensor or functional facilities type are used as one
The base node of Internet of Things, the environmental status data in space or acquisition operation where base node acquisition operating facilities are set
The standby operating state data of itself.Base node is wireless by ZigBee, WIFI, 6LoWPAN, BlueTooth, GPRS, 3G etc.
The Internet of Things communication technology, is connected to data gathering node, realizes the upload of status data, i.e., by the status number itself obtained factually
When be uploaded to data gathering node.
The inside and outside portion space of intelligent building is divided into a certain number of regions by the present invention, for example, for inner space, it can
To be divided into several regions by each layer of Ground Connection in Intelligent Building as one region or by same layer；It can also be according to building
Building structure realizes the division of refinement, such as using the entrance hall of building as a region, each independent room as a region, often
The public places such as one layer of corridor, escalator are as a region；Several regions can also be divided for the exterior space of building.
The present invention is sets up a data gathering node in each region.The data gathering node is in local area domain space with spatial position
In the range of base node be based on above-mentioned Internet of Things fidonetFido and establish wireless communication link, and then obtain one's respective area spatial dimension in
Each base node upload status data.Data gathering node carry out one's respective area status data summarize and transfer.Specifically
For, each data gathering node establishes wireless communication link by technology of Internet of things and background data center, by this section point sink
Poly- status data is uploaded to background data center.
Background data center summarizes and stores the data that each base node of building interior or exterior space range passes through one's respective area
The status data that aggregation node uploads, and status data is monitored and analyzed.Specifically, background data center root
According to the spatial distribution of base node, using visual means, building state pattern is generated, entire intelligence is shown by the pattern
The state of building, and come quick with image procossing and mode identification technology and qualitatively analyze the pattern, it realizes to building
The identification monitoring of regional anomaly.
Specifically, as shown in Fig. 2, the background data center of the present invention is included with lower module：Original record module, building
Mapping module, status data visualization model, state pattern synthesis module, state pattern discriminance analysis module, abnormal alarm mould
Block.
Original record module：To the status data of each operating facilities obtained by data gathering node, remembered with list
The form of record is summarized, and generates original record file；The list record format of original record file is as follows：
Wherein, ID represents the number of operating facilities, and there are one oneself unique numbers for each operating facilities；TYPE tables
Show the type of operating facilities, for example, optical sensor, temperature sensor, humidity sensor, volume sensor, smoke sensor device,
The operating facilities such as headlamp, fire-fighting water spout, air-conditioner air outlet, thermoregulator, air purifier, automatic curtain, each
The operating facilities of type correspond to a type number；STAT represents the numerical value of status data；KIND represents the shape of status data
State type, such as illumination parameter, temperature parameter, humidity parameter, noise parameter, smoke sensing etc., the status number of each type
It is numbered according to corresponding to a Status Type, for example, the operating facilities that TYPE is air-conditioner air outlet have air output, go out wind velocity two
The status data of a Status Type KIND；DATE represents the acquisition date of the status data；TIME represents adopting for the status data
Collect the time.Also, original record module, which summarizes in the list record of generation, has POS, this has recorded acquisition state data
Operating facilities spatial position coordinate (X, Y, Z), under above-mentioned X-Y-Z coordinate systems, Z coordinate represent floor, positioned at one layer
Operating facilities Z coordinate value for 1, one layer located underground of operating facilities Z coordinate value is -1；(X, Y) coordinate representation operation
Distributing position of the equipment on the floor layer plane.
Building mapping module, three-dimensional map image of the generation building under above-mentioned X-Y-Z coordinate systems.Building mapping module
The 3D illustratons of model of building construction can be called, and X-Y-Z coordinates are marked on the 3D illustratons of model.
Status data visualization model, (X, Y, Z) value during each list is recorded are expressed as the picture under X-Y-Z coordinate systems
Vegetarian refreshments, and its STAT value is mapped to particular color or brightness space, so as to which the STAT values to be converted into the face of pixel
Color or brightness value；So as to which the status data that original record module records in each time section is converted into X-Y-Z coordinates
Status visualization image under system.Specifically, for example, according to the DATE fields inside each list record of original record file
With TIME fields, extract in some time section (such as 10 days 14 October in 2017:30-15:00) some sampled in
Whole records under Status Type KIND, such as the KIND acquired in above-mentioned time section represent whole records of illumination parameter；
According to (X, Y, Z) value of the POS fields of these records, a pixel each record being mapped as under X-Y-Z coordinate systems；And
And the STAT values of each record are converted into the brightness value or color value of the pixel, for example, the state class can be pre-established
The STAT values of type and the mapping table of pixel brightness value or color value：The maximum occurrences range of STAT values is divided into 255
Segment, 255 colorations that each segment is selected corresponding to the brightness value of value range 0-255 or in advance from color gamut space
One in value.When some record STAT values belong to some segment, then record corresponding X-Y-Z coordinate systems pixel with this
The brightness value or chromatic value of point are the corresponding brightness value of the segment or chromatic value.So as to status data visualization model
The status data of the whole sampled points of some Status Type KIND recorded in any one time section can be represented
The status visualization image three-dimensional for one.
State pattern synthesis module, by status data visualization model generate described in the status visualization image and building
The synthesis of three-dimensional map image, form associated with building space region three-dimensional state pattern.State pattern synthesis module will
The reason of status visualization image is synthesized with building three-dimensional map image is, makes the characterization content and building of three-dimensional state pattern
Building structure spatial distribution match, and realize the standardization of three-dimensional state pattern, for it is follow-up realize it is quick, qualitatively know
Basis Fen Xi not be established, lowers difficulty.Specifically, state pattern synthesis module calls the three-dimensional map image of building, and
Each area of space unit in the three-dimensional map image, in each area of space unit incident point position defined in, and
And the brightness value or color value of each pixel in status visualization image, pass through each incident point position of interpolation calculation
Brightness value or color value.
It, can be empty by the entrance hall of building, each independent room, corridor and escalator etc. according to the three-dimensional map image of building
Between upper whole or partial division and the place that has different building functions be respectively defined as area of space unit.The throwing
Exit point position is distributed across in each area of space unit, the virtual point for representing the status data distribution situation in the space
Position equally identifies the coordinate of each incident point position in X-Y-Z coordinate systems.In addition, for different area of space units, according to
The distributed quantity of the operating facilities of status data in the space of the unit is provided, correspondingly determines incident point in the unit
The density of setting of position, so that more accurately visual description has the state inside the mikey of more operating facilities.Such as Fig. 3
It is shown, according to the interior construction spacing structure of the three-dimensional map image shows of building, it is divided into three three-dimensional area of space lists
Position；And determine the quantity of each area of space unit operating facilities of a certain TYPE types present in；According to space region
The quantity of domain unit operating facilities of a certain TYPE types present in determines incident point position in the area of space unit
Quantity is as follows：
Wherein, NeIt is the incident point bit quantity in the area of space unit, NpIt is distributed across within the area of space unit
The quantity of the operating facilities of a certain TYPE types, ε are linear conversion factor, and V is the construction area of the area of space unit.Root
According to the quantity N for calculating the incident point obtained positione, virtual incident point position is uniformly distributed in the area of space unit, in X-
The coordinate value of each incident point position of setting is determined under Y-Z coordinate systems.For example, Fig. 3 illustrates three area of space lists of building
Position D1-D3, the black color dots in figure illustrate the position of each operating facilities of a certain TYPE types, and white point then represents
The position of each incident point position virtually set in D1-D3, it is seen that according to the difference of operating facilities quantity, projected in D1-D3
Point position has different distributions quantity, and be to be uniformly distributed.And then for each area of space unit, from state-visibility
Change and pixel of the position distribution within the area of space unit extracted in image, according to the brightness value of each pixel or
(X, Y, Z) coordinate of color value and the pixel, to have the interpolation algorithm for influencing to evaluate to calculate on each incident point position
Brightness value either color value.Specifically, it for each incident point position, determines with incident point position predefined apart from model
The all pixels point and its brightness value or color value of status visualization image in enclosing, and according to each pixel and the projection
The distance of point position sets corresponding influence evaluation of estimate, and pixel is more remote apart from incident point position, then the influence evaluation of estimate is smaller；With
The brightness value of the pixel of each status visualization image or color value and influence evaluation of estimate are flat by weighting in the distance range
It calculates, obtains brightness value or color value on the position of the incident point.For example, the E in Fig. 4 is incident point position, pre- spacing
It is P1-P3 with the status visualization image slices vegetarian refreshments of the distance of E within preset distance L from for L, the brightness of the pixel
Value or color value are I1, I2, I3, and the distance of P1-P3 and E is respectively L1, L2, L3, and therefore, the pixel of incident point position E is bright
Angle value or color value are
WhereinTo be in the influence evaluation of estimate of inverse ratio with distance L1-L3.So as to by for entire building
Each area of space unit carries out above-mentioned interpolation arithmetic using the pixel of status visualization image, can be by the status visualization
Image is converted to by three-dimensional state of each projection site of the non-uniform Distribution in each area of space unit as pixel
Pattern.
State pattern discriminance analysis module, this module obtain the three-dimensional state pattern from state pattern synthesis module, such as
Described above, which is to match with the space structure of building construction and the 3-D view of site distribution standard.Shape
State pattern discriminance analysis module application mode recognizer, the building that the three-dimensional state pattern obtained in real time and this module are prestored
Standard state template is matched, can rapidly and qualitatively judge in building the ambient condition in any space region and
The working condition of various functions facility, and effectively screen unusual condition therein and its position.State pattern discriminance analysis mould
Block is responsible for preserving and safeguards a building standard state template set, and building standard state template is stored in the template set.By
The above-mentioned three-dimensional state pattern accumulated in longer period (such as one month or a season) carries out clustering algorithm, obtains
Several clusters are taken, and then for the three-dimensional state pattern in each cluster, carry out the average fortune of each projection site value
It calculates, average building standard state template of the three-dimensional state pattern as a type of the cluster obtained.Specifically, the time
The whole three-dimensional state patterns for being generated and being exported by state pattern synthesis module in section, if common n three-dimensional state pattern, is calculated as
Ei-n, Ei-n+1..., Ei；It is default that these three-dimensional state patterns are included into k cluster, then it is arbitrarily selected from n three-dimensional state pattern
K three-dimensional state pattern is taken to be calculated as E as initial cluster centrec1, Ec2..., Eck；Calculate Ei-n, Ei-n+1..., EiIn
Each three-dimensional state pattern and Ec1, Ec2..., EckIn each cluster centre distance value Vi-Ck=| Ei-Eck|, the distance
Value is each exhausted positioned at the brightness value in the projection site of same position point or the difference of color value of two width three-dimensional state patterns
To the cumulative of value and, i.e.,
Wherein IBi(x, y) represents three-dimensional state pattern EiBrightness value or color at projection site of the coordinate for (xy)
Value, and IBak(x, y) is denoted as brightness value of the three-dimensional state pattern of cluster centre at projection site of the coordinate for (x, y)
Or color value；Coordinate (x, y) value is by (0,0) to (M, N), whole projection sites of traversal three-dimensional state pattern, thus by phase
With absolute difference cumulative of the brightness value or color value in the projection site of coordinate position and as distance value.And then by three
Dimension state pattern Ei-n, Ei-n+1..., EiIn each pattern distribute to Ec1, Ec2..., EckIt is closest therewith in the middle
Cluster belonging to cluster centre；Then the cluster centre of each cluster is recalculated again, which is every
The three-dimensional state pattern nearest with other pattern average distances in this cluster in a cluster；Then E is calculatedi-n, Ei-n+1...,
EiIn each three-dimensional state pattern and the distance value of cluster centre that recalculates, and according to distance value by Ei-n, Ei-n+1..., Ei
In each pattern be reassigned to cluster belonging to cluster centre closest therewith；Then cluster centre is updated again；
Iteration above procedure, until cluster centre no longer changes after update, the cluster of finally formed k three-dimensional state pattern.
Then the three-dimensional state pattern of this cluster is calculated in each projection position for whole three-dimensional state patterns in each cluster again
Point place brightness value or the average value of color value value are averaged value of the three-dimensional state pattern at the projection site as cluster,
So as to obtain the average three-dimensional state pattern of cluster, the building standard state template as a type.So as to generate k altogether
Building standard state template adds in building standard state template set.
And then state pattern discriminance analysis module is used for the current width three-dimensional state pattern obtained in real time, by it
It is matched with the k building standard state template that this module prestores, so-called matching primitives are to calculate the real-time three-dimensional state
The distance between pattern and each three-dimensional state pattern as building standard state template value：
WhereinIt is real-time three-dimensional state pattern E and a building standard state template EpThe distance between value, IB
Brightness values or color value of (x, y) the expression three-dimensional state pattern E at projection site of the coordinate for (x, y), and IBp(x, y) is represented
Three-dimensional state pattern E as building standard state templatepBrightness value or color at projection site of the coordinate for (x, y)
Value；Coordinate (x, y) value is by (0,0) to (M, N), whole projection sites of traversal three-dimensional state pattern, thus by same coordinate
The brightness value in the projection site of position or the absolute difference of color value cumulative and as distance value.The real-time three-dimensional shape
The distance value that state pattern and building standard state template set which of work as building standard state template is minimum, then by this in real time
Three-dimensional state pattern is identified as the corresponding space regional environment state of building standard state template and various functions are set
Apply working condition.So as to which state pattern discriminance analysis module obtains the width real-time three that state pattern synthesis module is generated
It, can be by carrying out image pixel operation with the template pattern in building standard state template after dimension state pattern, it can be with
Judge rapidly and qualitatively the working condition of the ambient condition in any space region and various functions facility in building, it is special
It is not the ambient condition and working condition for judging regional allocations, such as the state of temperature of building local's spatial dimension, humidity
Headlamp working condition of state, air quality state and part etc..Can be for building based on monitoring and visual analyzing
The concentration regulation and control for building ambient condition monitoring and functional facilities in certain space region provide quick support, and can provide figure
The man-machine interface of shape shows, compared to the presentation mode of list formula and data management analysis method, have it is quick, intuitive, can
The characteristics of compartmentalization Operations Analyst.
Abnormal alarm module is used to perform abnormal alarm.In building standard state template set, storage is a certain number of
Abnormality template, including the zonal ambient condition exception of building space and the extremely caused three-dimensional state figure of working condition
Sample.State pattern discriminance analysis module obtain the real-time three-dimensional state pattern of a width that is generated of state pattern synthesis module it
It afterwards, can be by carrying out image pixel operation with the template pattern in building standard state template set；If operation result is shown
Show that the real-time three-dimensional state pattern and some abnormality template distance in building standard state template set are minimum, then
Judge the building space ambient condition and working condition domain of the existence sexual abnormality of three-dimensional state pattern reflection, then abnormal alarm mould
Block can be directed to the three-dimensional state pattern and realize abnormal alarm.
The present invention is worked as using the Internet of Things communication technology from the operating facilities such as the various kinds of sensors of intelligent building and functional facilities
In monitor its status data in real time.Also, the present invention for sampling obtain status data, according to the spatial distribution of sampled point into
Row visualization processing generates state pattern, and the state pattern and the space structure of building construction object are combined closely, and can provide can
Depending on the status display of change, and by carrying out image procossing and pattern-recognition to the state pattern, coming quick and qualitatively analyzing
The pattern obtains the ambient condition and working condition of building, realizes that the identification to building regional anomaly monitors.
Above example is merely to illustrate the present invention, and not limitation of the present invention, the common skill in relation to technical field
Art personnel without departing from the spirit and scope of the present invention, can also make a variety of changes and modification, therefore all etc.
Same technical solution also belongs to scope of the invention, and scope of patent protection of the invention should be defined by the claims.
Claims (10)
1. a kind of building operating facilities status monitoring and Visualized Analysis System based on Internet of Things, which is characterized in that including：Fortune
Seek equipment, data gathering node and background data center；
The operating facilities include the various types of sensors and the functional facilities that are laid in building construction object；The sensor
For being acquired to a plurality of types of environmental parameters；The functional facilities are used to export the working status parameter of itself；And
Each base node of the operating facilities as an Internet of Things is connected to data convergence section by the wireless internet of things communication technology
The status data that itself is obtained is uploaded to data gathering node by point in real time；
The data gathering node is set to each region of building space, for the base section in the spatial dimension of one's respective area
Point establishes connection based on the wireless internet of things communication technology, and then obtains each base node in the spatial dimension of one's respective area and upload
Status data；Carry out one's respective area status data summarize and transfer, nothing is established by technology of Internet of things and background data center
The status data that this section point converges is uploaded to background data center by line communication linkage；
Background data center summarizes and stores the status data that each base node is uploaded by the data gathering node of one's respective area,
And status data is monitored and is analyzed, including：It is raw using visual means according to the spatial distribution of base node
Into building state pattern, the state of entire intelligent building is shown by the pattern, and use image procossing and pattern-recognition
Technology is come quick and qualitatively analyzes the pattern, realizes that the identification to building regional anomaly monitors.
2. building operating facilities status monitoring and Visualized Analysis System according to claim 1 based on Internet of Things,
It is characterized in that, the background data center is included with lower module：Original record module, building mapping module, status data are visual
Change module, state pattern synthesis module, state pattern discriminance analysis module, abnormal alarm module；
The original record module is used for the status data of each operating facilities to being obtained by data gathering node, with list
The form of record is summarized, and generates original record file；
The building mapping module generates the three-dimensional map image under building X-Y-Z coordinate systems；
The status data visualization model is recorded according to the list that original record module generates, and will be recorded in each time section
Status data be converted into three-dimensional state visual image under X-Y-Z coordinate systems；
State pattern synthesis module, by status data visualization model generate described in the status visualization image and building three
Map image synthesis is tieed up, forms three-dimensional state pattern associated with building space region；
State pattern discriminance analysis module for obtaining the three-dimensional state pattern from state pattern synthesis module, will obtain in real time
The three-dimensional state pattern obtained is matched with the building standard state template to prestore, judges any space region in building
The working condition of ambient condition and various functions facility；
Abnormal alarm module is used to determine that the building of real-time three-dimensional state pattern reflection are empty in state pattern discriminance analysis module
Between in the case of ambient condition and working condition domain of the existence sexual abnormality, perform abnormal alarm.
3. building operating facilities status monitoring and Visualized Analysis System according to claim 2 based on Internet of Things,
It is characterized in that, the list record that the original record module is generated includes following field：ID represents the number of operating facilities；
TYPE represents the type of operating facilities；STAT represents the numerical value of status data；KIND represents the Status Type of status data；
DATE represents the acquisition date of the status data；TIME represents the acquisition time of the status data；POS has recorded acquisition shape
The spatial position coordinate (X, Y, Z) of the operating facilities of state data, wherein Z coordinate represent floor, (X, Y) coordinate representation operating facilities
Distributing position on the floor layer plane.
4. building operating facilities status monitoring and Visualized Analysis System according to claim 3 based on Internet of Things,
It is characterized in that, the spatial position coordinates of the POS fields that the status data visualization model is recorded according to the list (X, Y,
Z), a pixel each record being mapped as under X-Y-Z coordinate systems；And the STAT values of each record are converted into the picture
The brightness value or color value of vegetarian refreshments, whole states of some Status Type so as to be recorded in any one time section
Data are expressed as a three-dimensional state visual image.
5. building operating facilities status monitoring and Visualized Analysis System according to claim 4 based on Internet of Things,
It is characterized in that, the state pattern synthesis module calls the three-dimensional map image of building, and according in the three-dimensional map image
Each area of space unit, in each area of space unit incident point position defined in, and according to status visualization image
In each pixel brightness value or color value, pass through the brightness value or color value of interpolation calculation each incident point position.
6. building operating facilities status monitoring and Visualized Analysis System according to claim 5 based on Internet of Things,
It is characterized in that, for different area of space units, according to the offer status data in the space of the area of space unit
The distributed quantity of operating facilities correspondingly determines that the setting quantity of incident point position in the area of space unit is as follows：
Wherein, NeIt is the incident point bit quantity in the area of space unit, NpIt is distributed across a certain within the area of space unit
The quantity of the operating facilities of TYPE types, ε are linear conversion factor, and V is the construction area of the area of space unit.
7. building operating facilities status monitoring and Visualized Analysis System according to claim 6 based on Internet of Things,
It is characterized in that, the state pattern synthesis module extracts position distribution in the area of space unit in status visualization image
Within pixel, according to the brightness value of each pixel or (X, Y, Z) coordinate of color value and the pixel, to have
Influence the brightness value either color value on each incident point position of interpolation algorithm calculating of evaluation.
8. building operating facilities status monitoring and Visualized Analysis System according to claim 7 based on Internet of Things,
It is characterized in that, for each incident point position, determines the status visualization figure in predefined distance range with incident point position
The all pixels point and its brightness value or color value of picture, and set relatively according to the distance of each pixel and incident point position
The influence evaluation of estimate answered；With the brightness value of the pixel of status visualization image each in the distance range or color value and influence
Evaluation of estimate obtains brightness value or color value on the position of the incident point by weighted average calculation.
9. building operating facilities status monitoring and Visualized Analysis System according to claim 8 based on Internet of Things,
It is characterized in that, state pattern discriminance analysis module is responsible for preserving and safeguards a building standard state template set, which works as
In store building standard state template；By the above-mentioned three-dimensional state pattern accumulated in a period, clustering algorithm is carried out, is obtained
Several clusters are taken, and then for the three-dimensional state pattern in each cluster, carry out the average fortune of each projection site value
It calculates, average building standard state template of the three-dimensional state pattern as a type of the cluster obtained.
10. building operating facilities status monitoring and Visualized Analysis System according to claim 9 based on Internet of Things,
It is characterized in that, state pattern discriminance analysis module is used for the current width three-dimensional state pattern obtained in real time, by itself and this
The k building standard state template that module prestores is matched, and the matching primitives are to calculate the real-time three-dimensional state pattern
The distance between each three-dimensional state pattern as building standard state template value：
WhereinIt is real-time three-dimensional state pattern E and a building standard state template EpThe distance between value, IB(x, y)
Brightness values or color value of the expression three-dimensional state pattern E at projection site of the coordinate for (x, y), and IEp(x, y) is denoted as
The three-dimensional state pattern E of building standard state templatepBrightness value or color value at projection site of the coordinate for (x, y)；It sits
(x, y) value is marked by (0,0) to (M, N), whole projection sites of traversal three-dimensional state pattern, thus by same coordinate position
Project the cumulative of the brightness value in site or the absolute difference of color value and as distance value；The real-time three-dimensional state pattern
The distance value for which of working as building standard state template with building standard state template set is minimum, then by the real-time three-dimensional shape
State pattern is identified as the corresponding space regional environment state of building standard state template and various functions facility staff
State.
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