CN108254257B - Testing device and testing method for bending failure of field layered rock slope rock mass - Google Patents
Testing device and testing method for bending failure of field layered rock slope rock mass Download PDFInfo
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- CN108254257B CN108254257B CN201711282010.9A CN201711282010A CN108254257B CN 108254257 B CN108254257 B CN 108254257B CN 201711282010 A CN201711282010 A CN 201711282010A CN 108254257 B CN108254257 B CN 108254257B
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- 239000011435 rock Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 140
- 238000012360 testing method Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 51
- 238000005452 bending Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 20
- 238000011161 development Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 15
- 238000010998 test method Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 8
- 238000003825 pressing Methods 0.000 claims description 22
- 230000006835 compression Effects 0.000 claims description 6
- 238000007906 compression Methods 0.000 claims description 6
- 238000006073 displacement reaction Methods 0.000 claims description 6
- 239000002356 single layer Substances 0.000 claims description 4
- 238000007405 data analysis Methods 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000010410 layer Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 abstract description 9
- 238000002474 experimental method Methods 0.000 description 7
- 230000015572 biosynthetic process Effects 0.000 description 5
- 229910000831 Steel Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- 238000004458 analytical method Methods 0.000 description 3
- 238000012545 processing Methods 0.000 description 3
- 239000010959 steel Substances 0.000 description 3
- 238000011065 in-situ storage Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000004088 simulation Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000036962 time dependent Effects 0.000 description 2
- 230000005611 electricity Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000011156 evaluation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000003550 marker Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000012986 modification Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000004048 modification Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000002360 preparation method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000011514 reflex Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000002689 soil Substances 0.000 description 1
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
- G01N3/00—Investigating strength properties of solid materials by application of mechanical stress
- G01N3/08—Investigating strength properties of solid materials by application of mechanical stress by applying steady tensile or compressive forces
- G01N3/10—Investigating strength properties of solid materials by application of mechanical stress by applying steady tensile or compressive forces generated by pneumatic or hydraulic pressure
- G01N3/12—Pressure testing
Abstract
The invention relates to a test device and a test method for bending failure of a field layered rock slope rock mass, wherein the test device comprises a pressurizing device and a recording device, the pressurizing device comprises a pressurizing element, and the pressurizing element can be embedded between a bottom rock stratum and is vertical to a rock stratum layer to pressurize the bottom rock stratum and a top rock stratum; the recording equipment is arranged right opposite to the test area and used for continuously shooting the rock mass at fixed points in the process that the pressurizing equipment applies pressure to the rock stratum. The invention can apply pressure along the slope direction to the rock stratum through the test device, so that the rock stratum is bent and deformed, and the process that the rock mass is toppled, deformed and damaged towards the blank surface is simulated, thereby analyzing and predicting the development rule and development trend of deformation and damage of the rock mass.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the field of rock mass testing instruments, in particular to a field layered rock slope rock mass bending failure testing device and a testing method.
Background
The layered reverse-inclined, vertical or steep-inclined bedding rock slope is easy to topple, damage and bend and deform towards the direction of the side slope blank surface. The deformation failure mode is particularly common in rock slope development of high mountain canyon strong unloading areas in southwest of China, has great harm to personnel, buildings, roads, power stations and the like, and has the characteristics of universality, complexity, regionality, harmfulness and the like. The existing analysis and evaluation methods mainly comprise an indoor similar model experiment and a numerical simulation analysis. Due to the characteristics of complexity of rock stratum bending deformation and the like, indoor experiments and numerical simulation cannot completely analyze actual deformation conditions on site, and relevant experimental analysis needs to be performed on site to obtain the rule of in-situ rock mass bending deformation.
Disclosure of Invention
Aiming at the problems, the invention provides a test device and a test method for the bending damage of a field layered rock slope rock mass, which can apply pressure along the slope direction to a rock stratum through the test device, so that the rock stratum is bent and deformed, and the process that the rock mass is toppled, deformed and damaged towards an empty face is simulated, thereby analyzing and predicting the development rule and development trend of the deformation damage.
In order to achieve the purpose, the invention adopts the technical scheme that: the device comprises a pressurizing device and a recording device, wherein the pressurizing device comprises a pressurizing element, and the pressurizing element can be embedded between a top rock stratum and a bottom rock stratum and is vertical to a rock stratum surface to pressurize the top rock stratum and the bottom rock stratum; the recording equipment is arranged right opposite to the test area and used for continuously shooting the rock mass at a fixed point in the process that the pressurizing equipment applies pressure to the rock stratum.
Further, the pressing element is a jack.
Further, both ends of the pressurizing element are respectively provided with a top pressurizing plate and a bottom pressurizing plate, the top pressurizing plate is abutted against the top rock stratum and is positioned between the top rock stratum and the pressurizing element, and the bottom pressurizing plate is abutted against the bottom rock stratum and is positioned between the bottom rock stratum and the pressurizing element.
Further, the pressurizing element is connected with a hydraulic pump through a hydraulic pipe.
Further, the hydraulic pump is a hand-held hydraulic pump.
Further, the recording device includes a camera.
The test method for the bending failure of the field stratified rock slope rock mass comprises the following steps:
(1) selecting a test point, selecting a stratified rock body with a better rock stratum condition and capable of being stably embedded with a pressurizing element, and then selecting and arranging a test area at an exposed position where the rock stratum is not subjected to toppling deformation;
(2) in the test area, stably embedding a pressurizing element into a groove between a bottom rock stratum and a top rock stratum, and enabling the pressurizing direction of the pressurizing element to be perpendicular to the rock stratum surface; simultaneously, recording the apparent dip angle of the rock stratum before pressurization;
(3) according to the size of an acting rock mass, marking a plurality of mark points at fixed intervals from top to bottom along a single layer in a test rock stratum compression area;
(4) arranging a recording device in the opposite test area;
(5) and pulling out a certain length of tape near the test area to be used as a scale, starting the pressurizing element to pressurize the top rock stratum and the bottom rock stratum along the direction vertical to the rock stratum layer, continuously and fixedly shooting the pressurized rock stratum by using recording equipment until the rock stratum is bent to generate fracture deformation, and stopping pressurizing by the pressurizing element.
And further, a step (6) is also arranged after the step (5), and the pictures shot in the experiment are processed and subjected to data analysis to obtain a time-dependent change curve of the displacement of each group of mark points, so that the development rule and the development trend of the rock mass bending deformation are obtained.
Further, the pressing element is a jack.
Further, in the step (2), after a top pressing plate and a bottom pressing plate are respectively arranged at two ends of the pressing element, the pressing element and the top pressing plate and the bottom pressing plate at the two ends are stably embedded into a groove between the bottom rock stratum and the top rock stratum together, the top pressing plate abuts against the top rock stratum and is located between the top rock stratum and the pressing element, and the bottom pressing plate abuts against the bottom rock stratum and is located between the bottom rock stratum and the pressing element.
The experimental instrument is suitable for analyzing the bending deformation and damage of the rock layered side slope encountered in the industries of geology, rock soil, water and electricity and the like, and mainly aims at a reverse-inclined side slope, a vertical side slope and a large-inclination forward-inclined side slope. The bottom rock stratum is pressurized through experimental equipment, the force of deformation of the rock stratum in the direction of the face empty face in the natural state is simulated, and the deformation development process is recorded through recording equipment, so that the bending damage rule and the development process of the rock stratum are obtained. The invention has the characteristic of portability, solves the problem that the existing bending test is lack of a field in-situ test, and can better meet the problem of researching the rock stratum bending damage characteristic of the actual situation.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a schematic view of the structure of the experimental apparatus in the tester of the present invention.
FIG. 2 is a schematic view of the layout of the tester of the present invention.
Fig. 3 is a graph showing the time variation of the displacement of the formation marker in example 1.
In the figure: 1-pressure element, 2-top pressure plate, 3-bottom pressure plate, 4-hydraulic pump, 5-hydraulic pipe, 6-top rock, 7-bottom rock, 8-recording device, 9-tripod.
Detailed Description
The invention will be further illustrated with reference to the following specific examples. It should be understood that these examples are for illustrative purposes only and are not intended to limit the scope of the present invention. Further, it should be understood that various changes or modifications of the present invention may be made by those skilled in the art after reading the teaching of the present invention, and such equivalents may fall within the scope of the present invention as defined in the appended claims.
The embodiments of the present invention will be described in detail with reference to the accompanying drawings.
As shown in fig. 1-2, the device for testing the bending failure of the field stratified rock slope rock body comprises a pressurizing device and a recording device 8, wherein the pressurizing device comprises a pressurizing element 1, and the pressurizing element 1 can be embedded between a top rock stratum 6 and a bottom rock stratum 7 and can pressurize the top rock stratum 6 and the bottom rock stratum 7 perpendicular to rock stratum surfaces; the recording equipment 8 is arranged right opposite to the test area and used for continuously and fixedly shooting the rock mass in the process that the test equipment applies pressure to the rock stratum.
The two ends of the pressurizing element are respectively provided with a top pressurizing plate 2 and a bottom pressurizing plate 3, the top pressurizing plate 2 abuts against a top rock stratum 6 and is located between the top rock stratum and the pressurizing element, and the bottom pressurizing plate 3 abuts against a bottom rock stratum 7 and is located between the bottom rock stratum and the pressurizing element so as to adapt to different rock stratum production states.
The top and bottom compression plates should be positioned as parallel as possible to the formation contact surface and parallel to the bedding surface to ensure that the applied pressure is perpendicular to the bedding surface.
The bottom and top compression plates are preferably steel plates.
The pressurizing member 1 is connected to a hydraulic pump 4 through a hydraulic pipe 5, and can provide sufficient pressure and stroke. The pressing element is preferably a jack.
The hydraulic pump 4 is preferably a hand-held hydraulic pump, and during pressurization, the hydraulic pump should be placed nearly horizontally to facilitate continuous and stable pressurization operation, and the pressurization process should be as uniform and stable as possible, and should not be loaded too fast.
The bottom pressure rock stratum is not suitable for being too thick, the thickness is controlled to be 20 cm-40 cm, and otherwise, the deformation damage rule is not easy to observe.
The size of the test device is not too large, and the requirement of convenient carrying in the field can be met.
The instrument also comprises an angle instrument used for measuring the apparent dip angle of the rock stratum.
The recording device 8 comprises a camera and can fixedly record experiment change conditions. The camera is preferably a high resolution video or photographic function instrument supported by a tripod 9.
The experimental method adopting the field stratified rock slope rock mass bending failure tester comprises the following steps:
(1) selecting a test point, selecting a stratified rock body with a better rock stratum condition and capable of being stably embedded with a pressurizing element, and then selecting and arranging a test area at an exposed position where the rock stratum is not subjected to toppling deformation;
(2) in the test area, stably embedding a pressurizing element into a groove between a bottom rock stratum and a top rock stratum, and enabling the pressurizing direction of the pressurizing element to be perpendicular to the rock stratum surface; simultaneously, recording the apparent dip angle of the rock stratum before pressurization;
(3) according to the size of an acting rock mass, marking a plurality of mark points at fixed intervals from top to bottom along a single layer in a test rock stratum compression area;
(4) arranging a recording device in the opposite test area;
(5) pulling out a certain length of tape near the test area as a scale, starting a pressurizing element to pressurize the top rock stratum and the bottom rock stratum along the direction vertical to the rock stratum layer, and simultaneously carrying out continuous fixed shooting on the pressurized rock stratum by using recording equipment until the rock stratum is bent to generate fracture deformation, and stopping pressurizing by the pressurizing element;
(6) and processing and analyzing data of the pictures shot in the experiment to obtain a time-dependent change curve of the displacement of each group of mark points, so as to obtain the development rule and the development trend of the rock mass bending deformation.
Example 1
The test method is implemented by adopting the test instrument for the bending failure of the field layered rock slope rock mass, and comprises the following steps:
the first step is as follows: selecting a proper test point, selecting a stratified rock body with a good rock stratum condition and capable of being stably embedded with the experimental equipment, and then selecting and arranging a test area at an exposed position where the rock stratum is not subjected to toppling deformation.
The second step is that: in the test area, the upper part of the loaded rock formation to be acted on by the pressure device is cleaned out of a groove into which the pressure device can be inserted, so that the pressure element can be stably inserted into the groove and loaded perpendicular to the rock formation surface. The top of the jack and the rock stratum are provided with a pressurizing steel plate which is used for increasing the stress area and enabling the rock stratum to be under the action of more uniform surface force. The goniometer scale, i.e. the apparent dip of the formation before pressurisation, is recorded.
The third step: after the pressurizing element is installed in the rock stratum, the handheld hydraulic pump is butted.
The fourth step: according to the size of an acting rock mass, marking mark points 4-6 at intervals of 10cm from top to bottom in a test rock stratum compression area along a single layer.
The fifth step: and (3) properly arranging and adjusting the tripod right facing the test area, and fixing the tripod after the single lens reflex digital camera is focused.
And a sixth step: in preparation for starting the test, a steel tape was pulled out by a certain length as a scale near the test zone, and the test rock was loaded by pressurizing the pressurizing member with a hand-held hydraulic pump. And continuously shooting the test area at a fixed point by using a camera along with the change of the reading of the pressure gauge until the rock stratum is bent to fracture and deform, and stopping pressurizing by the pressurizing element.
Subsequently, the recorded data is processed, and the test data processing is to read the photo data by the Silkpix studio photo processing software. Processing a group of continuous photos shot in the test process, reading pixel coordinates of mark points in the photos by using photo processing software, respectively counting the pixel coordinates of different mark points in the group of photos from top to bottom, and converting the pixel coordinates by using a scale and pixel points in the photos to obtain the proportional relation between the pixels and the real displacement. And importing the data of each picture point which is counted into a point curve graph generated by graphic processing software for comparison and data analysis. The graph shown in fig. 3 was recorded. Three curves in the graph represent the displacement change curve with time of three groups of marked points in the same group of experiments under the action of an instrument. By analyzing the curve change rule, the development rule and development trend of the rock mass bending deformation can be obtained.
Claims (4)
1. The test method for the bending failure of the field stratified rock slope rock mass is characterized by comprising the following steps: (1) selecting a test point, selecting a stratified rock body which can be stably embedded with a pressurizing element, and then selecting and arranging a test area at an exposed position where the rock stratum is not subjected to toppling deformation; (2) in the test area, stably embedding a pressurizing element into a groove between a bottom rock stratum and a top rock stratum, and enabling the pressurizing direction of the pressurizing element to be perpendicular to the rock stratum surface; simultaneously, recording the apparent dip angle of the rock stratum before pressurization; (3) according to the size of an acting rock mass, marking a plurality of mark points at fixed intervals from top to bottom along a single layer in a test rock stratum compression area; (4) arranging a recording device in the opposite test area; (5) and pulling out a certain length of tape near the test area to be used as a scale, starting the pressurizing element to pressurize the top rock stratum and the bottom rock stratum along the direction vertical to the rock stratum layer surface, continuously and fixedly shooting the pressurized rock stratum by using recording equipment until the rock stratum is bent to generate fracture deformation, and stopping pressurizing by the pressurizing element.
2. The test method according to claim 1, wherein a step (6) is further provided after the step (5), and the pictures taken in the test are processed and subjected to data analysis to obtain the curve of the change of the displacement of each group of mark points along with time, so that the development rule and the development trend of the bending deformation of the rock mass are obtained.
3. Test method according to claim 1, characterized in that the pressing element is a jack.
4. The test method according to claim 1, wherein in the step (2), after the top and bottom pressing plates are respectively disposed at both ends of the pressing member, the pressing member and the top and bottom pressing plates at both ends are stably inserted into the groove between the bottom rock stratum and the top rock stratum together, the top pressing plate is abutted against the top rock stratum and is located between the top rock stratum and the pressing member, and the bottom pressing plate is abutted against the bottom rock stratum and is located between the bottom rock stratum and the pressing member.
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| CN201711282010.9A CN108254257B (en) | 2017-12-07 | 2017-12-07 | Testing device and testing method for bending failure of field layered rock slope rock mass |
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| CN201711282010.9A CN108254257B (en) | 2017-12-07 | 2017-12-07 | Testing device and testing method for bending failure of field layered rock slope rock mass |
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| CN108254257A CN108254257A (en) | 2018-07-06 |
| CN108254257B true CN108254257B (en) | 2021-02-02 |
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| CN109556951B (en) * | 2019-01-09 | 2021-03-19 | 中国电建集团西北勘测设计研究院有限公司 | Mechanical testing device and method for underwater dumping deformation body of plate cracking hard rock |
Citations (4)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN102323150A (en) * | 2011-08-10 | 2012-01-18 | 中国地质科学院地质力学研究所 | Simulated test unit and method for slope stability with faulting |
| CN105911255A (en) * | 2016-06-13 | 2016-08-31 | 沈阳地球物理勘察院 | Stability study experiment table for rock ecological side slope new soil |
| CN106769501A (en) * | 2016-11-29 | 2017-05-31 | 中国电建集团华东勘测设计研究院有限公司 | A kind of measuring method of the Deformation Module of Rock Mass of different depth |
| CN106855568A (en) * | 2017-01-23 | 2017-06-16 | 西南石油大学 | Model test apparatus and method of a kind of freeze thawing to rock slope with along layer near cut deformation effect |
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Patent Citations (4)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN102323150A (en) * | 2011-08-10 | 2012-01-18 | 中国地质科学院地质力学研究所 | Simulated test unit and method for slope stability with faulting |
| CN105911255A (en) * | 2016-06-13 | 2016-08-31 | 沈阳地球物理勘察院 | Stability study experiment table for rock ecological side slope new soil |
| CN106769501A (en) * | 2016-11-29 | 2017-05-31 | 中国电建集团华东勘测设计研究院有限公司 | A kind of measuring method of the Deformation Module of Rock Mass of different depth |
| CN106855568A (en) * | 2017-01-23 | 2017-06-16 | 西南石油大学 | Model test apparatus and method of a kind of freeze thawing to rock slope with along layer near cut deformation effect |
Non-Patent Citations (2)
| Title |
|---|
| 《An Analytical Solution for Block Toppling Failure of Rock Slopes during an Earthquake》;Songfeng Guo et al.;《Applied Sciences》;20170929(第7期);第1008-1~17页 * |
| 《层状岩质边坡倾倒变形破坏特征研究》;刘海军 等;《合肥工业大学学报（自然科学版）》;20170630;第40卷(第6期);第793-798页 * |
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