CN102011389B - Soil body in situ test device and test method applying same - Google Patents
Soil body in situ test device and test method applying same Download PDFInfo
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- CN102011389B CN102011389B CN2010105398695A CN201010539869A CN102011389B CN 102011389 B CN102011389 B CN 102011389B CN 2010105398695 A CN2010105398695 A CN 2010105398695A CN 201010539869 A CN201010539869 A CN 201010539869A CN 102011389 B CN102011389 B CN 102011389B
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Abstract
The invention relates to a soil body in situ test device, comprising a steel tube with the same shape of tubular pile as well as a data collector; wherein one end part of the steel tube is provided with a pile point plate and a first pressure sensor used for sensing pressure born by the pile point plate, the pile point plate is vertical to the side wall of the steel tube; more than one side wall friction drum is arranged along the radial direction of the steel tube, and each side wall friction drum is provided with a second pressure sensor used for sensing the friction force born by the side wall friction drum; the side wall friction drum forms one part of the side wall of the steel tube; one part of the side wall of the steel tube is set to be a movable lateral compression plate and is provided with a third pressure sensor used for sensing the pressure born by the lateral compression plate; the side wall of the steel tube is internally provided with a pore pressure gauge and a camera; and electrical signals sent by the first, second and third pressure sensors and the pore pressure gauge are all collected by the data collector. The device can test and read multiple data, thus being convenient for accurately analyzing soil body properties. The invention also discloses an in situ test method applying the device.
Description
Technical field
The invention belongs to the technical field of civil construction class geotechnical engineering specialty, relate to geotechnical body in-situ test equipment and utilize the home position testing method of this equipment.
Background technology
At present, how judging soil body characteristic accurately, generally is that main path has two types: (1) ground observation comprises probing, probing, geophysical exploration etc. through exploration and method of testing; (2) in-situ test comprises static sounding, standard penetration test, open-air vane shear test, pressurementer test etc.
Wherein, in-situ test is not only the important component part of geotechnical investigation, but also is the main means of geotechnical engineering construction quality inspection.Adopt home position testing method that the engineering properties of geotechnical body is measured, can directly measure the engineering properties of geotechnical body in position, thereby can avoid fetching earth the influence to result of the test such as the disturbance and the off-load resilience of fetching earth without drill hole sampling; And its result of the test can directly reflect the physical mechanics proterties of original position soil layer.Some is difficult for taking the soil layer (like the sand of deep layer) of undisturbed soil sample can only adopt the method for in-situ test, and in-situ test also can so its test result has more representativeness, and can repeat checking in build-in test geotechnical body in a big way at the scene.At present, various home position testing methods have received attention and application more and more widely, and develop with the integration test aspect to multi-functional.
Yet; The stress condition of in-situ test is complicated; General certain parameter that is difficult to confirm intuitively geotechnical body; Therefore, when selecting computation model and definite fringe conditions, will have to take some to simplify hypothesis, the error that causes thus also possibly make the geotechnical body parameter that is drawn can not characterize the proterties of the actual soil body ideally.The original position feeler inspection also has a very big shortcoming: can not directly observe the underground soil body, engineers must be come the soil body is classified, assessed according to electrical measurement soil body parameter and experience.
Static sounding in the in-situ test is a kind of penetration test of intending static(al), and feeler lever generally adopts 42 millimeters, and probe area generally adopts 10 square centimeters and 15 square centimeters.This feeler inspection method is commonly used to estimate bearing capacity of foundation soil, and static point resistance that records and sidewall frictional resistance can reflect unearthed soft or hard degree more intuitively, but its parameter that records very little, can't get other character of key horizon more accurately.In addition; Though during the probe injection is a kind of good simulation to the stressed effect of stake; But because of probe and the difference of stake at aspects such as size, material, press-in speeds, the mechanical index of feeler inspection test is not exclusively the same with the resistance of stake, cannot directly be used for estimating the penetrating resistance of stake.Stake under external force, penetrating resistance comprises end resistance and pile side friction because the diversity and the uncertainty of soil, the transmittance process that causes these two power is complicated, the bearing capacity of stake depends mainly on the soil condition of stake week and stake end.
Therefore, a kind of original position sounding device identical with engineering construction stake size need be provided, it can record a plurality of project data, draws the actual loading of pile tube comparatively exactly, and helps accurately analyzing soil mass property.A kind of static(al) method of testing of utilizing this equipment also need be provided.
Summary of the invention
The object of the present invention is to provide the identical geotechnical body in-situ test equipment of a kind of and engineering piles size; It can measure pressure against the ends, the sidewall friction power of stake different parts, pore water pressure, native a plurality of parameters such as side direction normal pressure to stake of stake more accurately, once, and can photograph to the soil body.
A further object of the invention promptly provides the method for testing of utilizing this geotechnical body in-situ test equipment, and it can estimate the multinomial stressed of practice of construction king-pile comparatively exactly, can draw soil mass property accurately, intuitively again.
For one of achieving the above object, the technical scheme of geotechnical body in-situ test equipment of the present invention is following:
Geotechnical body in-situ test equipment, it comprises the steel pipe identical with the pile tube shape, first pressure sensor that is provided with the sharp plate of stake in an end of this steel pipe and is used to respond to the sharp plate pressure of said stake, the sharp plate of said stake is perpendicular to the sidewall of said steel pipe;
Radial direction along said steel pipe is provided with an above sidewall friction tube, and is provided for responding to second pressure sensor of its suffered frictional force for each sidewall friction tube; Said sidewall friction tube is formed the part of the sidewall of said steel pipe;
The part of the sidewall of said steel pipe is set to the active side compression plate, and is provided with the 3rd pressure sensor that is used to respond to said side compression plate pressure;
In the sidewall of said steel pipe, be provided with pore pressure gauge, inclinometer and camera;
Also comprise data collector, the signal of telecommunication that said first pressure sensor, said second pressure sensor, said the 3rd pressure sensor and said pore pressure gauge send is collected by said data collector.The data of inclinometer and camera transmission are by the instrument record data of correspondence.
First pressure sensor of above-mentioned geotechnical body in-situ test equipment can record pressure against the ends; Second pressure sensor can record sidewall friction power; The 3rd pressure sensor can record the side direction normal pressure, and pore pressure gauge can record pore water pressure, and inclinometer can be confirmed the verticality of equipment; The verticality of this this equipment of energy measurement, can measureing equipment in the horizontal movement in each stressed stage.Camera can write down the color and the structure of soil layer, and promptly this equipment can record above-mentioned various engineering data once.
Helping carrying out exactly soil mass property like this, on the one hand judges.On the other hand, These characteristics this equipment in addition adopts the steel tubular structure of simulating pile tube, makes and utilizes this equipment can estimate the actual loading when stake is pressed in the soil body comparatively accurately.
In addition, be pressed in the process of soil layer at this equipment, its data collector is with the data record of a series of variations and show, and makes measurement result more directly perceived, and helps next step analysis and utilization.
Further, also include depth to generator, said depth to generator is electrically connected with said data collector.Depth to generator is installed in the appearance of equipment body; Depth to generator is used for measureing equipment and is pressed into the degree of depth of soil layer; Depth to generator combines with data collector, can control every separated certain degree of depth, and data collector is collected once the data of each sensor and pore pressure gauge.
Preferably, in the internal cavities of the said steel pipe in position that said sidewall friction tube belongs to, crossbeam is set; Said beam vertical is in said sidewall friction tube, and across in the sidewall friction tube, being driven by said sidewall friction tube; The upper side edge of said crossbeam contacts the contact of said second pressure sensor.This simple structure can realize utilizing pressure sensor to record the frictional force that the sidewall friction tube receives.
For realizing two of the object of the invention, the technical scheme of method of testing of the present invention is following:
A kind of home position testing method that utilizes above-mentioned geotechnical body in-situ test equipment, it comprises the steps:
(1) before geotechnical body in-situ test equipment is installed,, said pore pressure gauge is demarcated earlier respectively with first, second, third pressure sensor calibrating;
(2) adopt pile press to do the equipment of exerting pressure; The end that sensor is set of said geotechnical body in-situ test equipment is packed in the anchor clamps of said pile press; To be clipped in during clamp equipment sensor and test department bit position are not set; Utilize said pile press that said geotechnical body in-situ test equipment is pressed into certain depth in the soil (about 500 millimeters), shut down then, the straightening of geotechnical body in-situ test equipment; Start continues to exert pressure then, and when exerting pressure, every data that spread out of at a distance from the synchronous record of certain degree of depth first sensor, second sensor, the 3rd sensor and a pore pressure gauge, and utilize camera to note the color and the structure of soil layer;
(3) exert pressure when said pile press and reach preset operation pressure value, when perhaps said geotechnical body in-situ test equipment was forced into predetermined depth, said pile press stopped to exert pressure; Load when stopping to exert pressure with pile press is then pressed repeatedly above-mentioned geotechnical body in-situ test equipment again;
(4) observe the variation of the data in the above-mentioned steps (2) between at regular intervals, and record; Increase the blanking time of adjacent twice observation gradually;
(5) utilize said pile press and said geotechnical body in-situ test equipment to carry out static loading test, in the process of static loading test, note the data of said first, second, third sensor, pore pressure gauge.
This method comprises the full-scale l-G simulation test of geotechnical body original position and static loading test two parts; In this two-part test, all can disposablely exactly record pressure against the ends, sidewall friction power, the side direction normal pressure of equipment under the different depth; Verticality when equipment is pressed into; Take the photograph the color and the structure of the soil body, help accurately judging the character of the soil body so on the one hand, can estimate comparatively exactly that on the other hand stake is pressed into stressed in the soil body process.
Description of drawings
Fig. 1 is the schematic cross-section of an embodiment of geotechnical body in-situ test equipment of the present invention;
Fig. 2 is another schematic cross-section embodiment illustrated in fig. 1, and this cross section is vertical with the cross section of Fig. 1, has also shown depth to generator, data collector etc. among this figure;
Fig. 3 is the A-A view of Fig. 2.
The specific embodiment
Below in conjunction with accompanying drawing, introduce the specific embodiment of the present invention in detail.Fig. 1-Fig. 3 has shown an embodiment of geotechnical body in-situ test equipment of the present invention.
Equipment like Fig. 1-this embodiment shown in Figure 3 comprises the steel pipe identical with the pile tube shape, and the cross sectional dimensions of this steel pipe, shape are identical with pile tube, and cross section can be circular, also can be square.Be provided with the sharp plate of stake 10 in an end of this steel pipe, be used to respond to first pressure sensor 9 of sharp plate 10 pressures of stake, this sharp plate 10 is perpendicular to the sidewall of steel pipe.Exert pressure to first pressure sensor 9 when the sharp plate of stake is stressed, first pressure sensor, the 9 stressed signals of telecommunication that send, the signal of telecommunication is received by data collector 15.Utilize the structure here, can record the pressure against the ends of equipment.
Radial direction along steel pipe is provided with two sidewall friction tubes 3,8, and is respectively second pressure sensor 1,6 that sidewall friction tube 3,8 is provided for responding to its suffered frictional force; This sidewall friction tube 3,8 is formed the part of the sidewall of steel pipe, is in the upper and lower of steel pipe respectively.
As the preferred structure of present embodiment, the set-up mode of second pressure sensor 1 is:
In the internal cavities of this steel pipe of position that sidewall friction tube 3 belongs to, crossbeam 2 is set; This crossbeam 2 is perpendicular to sidewall friction tube 3, and across in sidewall friction tube 3, being driven by this sidewall friction tube 3; The upper side edge of this crossbeam 2 contacts the contact of second pressure sensor 1.When this geotechnical body in-situ test equipment is pressed in the soil body; Sidewall friction tube 3 receives the frictional force that makes progress along sidewall; This frictional force makes that crossbeam 2 is stressed; Crossbeam 2 application of force is then given pressure second pressure sensor 1, the second pressure sensor 1 stressed signal of telecommunication that sends, and this signal of telecommunication is received by data collector 15.
The set-up mode of second pressure sensor 6 is identical with second pressure sensor 1, at this no longer tired stating, its corresponding crossbeam mark 7.Utilization the structure here can record the sidewall friction power of equipment.
The part of the sidewall of steel pipe is set to side compression plate 12, and side compression plate 12 is equal with other parts of sidewall; Also be provided with the 3rd pressure sensor 11 that is used to respond to side compression plate 12 pressures, this moment, the 3rd pressure sensor 11 was perpendicular to side compression plate 12 (sidewall of steel pipe).When equipment was pressed in the soil layer, side compression plate 12 received the side direction normal pressure of the soil body, and the application of force is given the 3rd pressure sensor 11, the three pressure sensors 11 stressed signals of telecommunication that send then, and the signal of telecommunication is received by data collector 15.Utilization the structure here can record the side direction normal pressure of equipment.
In addition, in the sidewall of steel pipe, be provided with pore pressure gauge 13 and two cameras 5; Pore pressure gauge 13 is arranged on the cross section of steel pipe with camera 5 in the present embodiment; Certainly both also can be in a longitudinal direction at interval an end distance from being provided with.
Helping carrying out exactly soil mass property like this, on the one hand judges.On the other hand, These characteristics this equipment in addition adopts the steel tubular structure of simulating pile tube, makes and utilizes this equipment can estimate the actual loading when stake is pressed in the soil body comparatively accurately.In addition, be pressed in the process of soil layer at this equipment, its data collector is with the data record of a series of variations and show, and makes measurement result more directly perceived, and helps next step analysis and utilization.
Further, in the present embodiment, in the internal cavities of steel pipe, also be provided with inclinometer 4, the verticality of these inclinometer 4 these equipment of energy measurement can be measured the verticality of this equipment under different depth and different stress.
In the present embodiment, also include depth to generator 14, depth to generator 14 is electrically connected with data collector 15.This depth to generator 14 combines with data collector 15, and equipment whenever is pressed into certain degree of depth, and the data that data collector 15 is collected once above-mentioned each sensor and pore pressure gauge realize monitoring in real time.
The cable of above-mentioned all measuring apparatuss of the geotechnical body in-situ test equipment of present embodiment all passes through in the middle of the steel pipe, also can data and vision signal be passed to ground with all survey data through radio transmission certainly.
Introduce the embodiment of a kind of original position feeler inspection method of utilizing above-mentioned geotechnical body in-situ test equipment below, it comprises the steps:
(1) geotechnical body in-situ test equipment is installed: choose one with the cross sectional shape of the actual pile tube that will be pressed into, measure-alike steel pipe (selecting diameter here for use is that the steel pipe of 300mm manufactures), first pressure sensor 9 of the sharp plate 10 of stake and measurement pressure against the ends is installed in the end of steel pipe; The sidewall near the end at steel pipe is installed two sidewall friction tubes 3,8, and second pressure sensor 1,6 of induction sidewall friction tube 3,8 suffered frictional force is installed; Certainly sidewall friction tube and corresponding sensor more or still less are installed according to actual conditions.At the sidewall installation side compression plate 12 of steel pipe, and the 3rd pressure sensor 11 that is used to respond to side compression plate 12 pressures is installed; In the sidewall of steel pipe, be provided with pore pressure gauge 13 and two cameras 5; Above-mentioned measuring apparatus is electrically connected with data collector 15, and data collector 15 is electrically connected with depth to generator 14.Structure after above-mentioned each instrument is installed is seen top description to geotechnical body in-situ test equipment, this tired stating.
Before above-mentioned installation steps, earlier respectively first pressure sensor 9, second pressure sensor 1,6, the 3rd pressure sensor 11 are demarcated, pore water pressure 13 is demarcated; To note considering the interface of waterproof, especially line during assembling, the binding site of different materials such as line and iron.Assembling under the situation of zero load, connects instrument and measures after accomplishing, and sees whether each item index is sensitive.
(2) adopt Static pressure pile driver to do the equipment of exerting pressure, its ability of exerting pressure reaches 220 tons, reaches 280 tons during static load; Certainly in other embodiment of the present invention, can select the Static pressure pile driver of other models for use according to actual conditions.
With loop wheel machine the geotechnical body in-situ test equipment that assembles is hung in the machine clamp,, connect the cable of all kinds of instrument its anchor clamps inside that end (being the upper end among Fig. 1,2) pile press of packing into of sensor is not set.Utilize pile press that geotechnical body in-situ test equipment is pressed into 500mm in the soil body to be measured, also look actual conditions certainly and change this degree of depth that is pressed into; Shut down then, with this geotechnical body in-situ test equipment straightening.
Start continues to exert pressure equably then; And when exerting pressure; Every put down in writing the data that first sensor 9, second sensor 1,6, the 3rd sensor 11 and pore pressure gauge 13 spread out of synchronously at a distance from certain degree of depth (in the present embodiment time 100mm); In above-mentioned preferred embodiment, utilize depth to generator 14 binding data gatherers 15 to realize above-mentioned record; Utilize camera 5 to note the color and the structure of soil layer.Note moving up and down of anchor clamps, do not crush or the test position of scratch geotechnical body in-situ test equipment.
(3) exert pressure when said pile press and reach preset operation pressure value, when perhaps this geotechnical body in-situ test equipment was forced into predetermined depth, pile press stopped to exert pressure; And then the load when stopping to exert pressure with pile press presses 3 times above-mentioned geotechnical body in-situ test equipment again, between per twice multiple pressure 24 hours at interval; Certainly, in other embodiments, also can change multiple number of times and blanking time of pressing according to actual conditions.
(4) after each multiple the pressure, observe the variation of the data in the above-mentioned steps (2) at regular intervals, and record; Increase the blanking time of adjacent twice observation gradually.In the present embodiment, after multiple for the first time the pressure, the intermittent time was by 10 minutes, half an hour, 1 hour, 2 hours, 6 hours, 12 hours observation parameters (time is blanking time, is not the cumulative time).After the multiple pressure of second and third time, be 10 minutes, half an hour, 1 hour, 2 hours, 6 hours, 12 hours, 24 hours, 2 days, 4 days, 8 days, 16 days observation parameters blanking time.
(5) utilize said pile press and said geotechnical body in-situ test equipment to carry out static loading test, in the process of static loading test, note the data of said first, second, third sensor, pore pressure gauge.Static loading test is carried out according to the test procedure in the code requirement of existing vertical compression static loading test, notes in the present embodiment:
A. the load gross weight of static load is for estimating more than 1.1 times of ultimate bearing capacity.Displacement measurement is used the dial gage greater than 50 millimeters, and pressure reading is according to pressure meter.
B. provide the plus-pressure of folder stake will be less times greater than pile driving pressure, guarantees non-sliply, the piling oil cylinder will be checked in advance in addition, and the assurance oil cylinder is let out in not.Otherwise can not keep voltage stabilizing during high pressure.
When C. the displacement measurement table was installed, the permanent position datum line beam that table is installed will be away from pile body, prevented sedimentation vibration effect meter fixing of stake.
D. according to the code requirement of single pile vertical resistance pressure static loading test, stop when reaching maximum trial load or ultimate load loading.
E. adopt manual record each item resistance to compression data.
F. to write down each association of geotechnical body in-situ test measuring apparatus during static load.(end resistance, sidewall friction power, pore water pressure, lateral pressure, inclinometer).
Because therefore the shape of the probe that uses in this method can simulate the stressed of pile tube exactly with actual that the pile tube shape that is pressed into is identical, records the stressed very approaching data with actual pile tube.Simultaneously; Because the probe of simulation pile tube shape has enough big space can install and measure instrument; Therefore this method can record a plurality of data once: record pressure against the ends, sidewall friction power, the side direction normal pressure of equipment under the different depth, take the photograph the color and the structure of the soil body.Moreover; Because this method adopts pile press to do the equipment of exerting pressure; Probe is packed in the anchor clamps of pile press; Form with similar piling is pressed into anchor clamps in the soil body to be tested, thereby can carry out on-the-spot test, each the stressed association of pile tube and the soil body characteristic in practice of construction place when obtaining near actual piling.
More than be merely the preferred embodiments of the present invention, can not therefore limit scope of the present invention certainly.To the equivalents of technical scheme of the present invention, also in protection scope of the present invention.
Claims (4)
1. geotechnical body in-situ test equipment; It is characterized in that comprising the steel pipe identical with the pile tube shape; First pressure sensor that is provided with the sharp plate of stake in an end of this steel pipe and is used to respond to the sharp plate pressure of said stake, the sharp plate of said stake is perpendicular to the sidewall of said steel pipe;
Radial direction along said steel pipe is provided with an above sidewall friction tube, and is provided for responding to second pressure sensor of its suffered frictional force for each sidewall friction tube; Said sidewall friction tube is formed the part of the sidewall of said steel pipe;
The part of the sidewall of said steel pipe is set to the active side compression plate, and is provided with the 3rd pressure sensor that is used to respond to said side compression plate pressure;
In the sidewall of said steel pipe, be provided with pore pressure gauge, inclinometer and camera;
Also comprise data collector, the signal of telecommunication that said first pressure sensor, said second pressure sensor, said the 3rd pressure sensor and said pore pressure gauge send is collected by said data collector; The photographing information of camera is preserved by digital hard disc video recorder.
2. geotechnical body in-situ test equipment as claimed in claim 1; It is characterized in that: also include depth to generator; Depth to generator is installed in the appearance of equipment body; Depth to generator is used for measureing equipment and is pressed into the degree of depth of soil layer, and said depth to generator is connected with said data collector, gives data collector changes reading by depth rule signal.
3. geotechnical body in-situ test equipment as claimed in claim 1 is characterized in that: in the internal cavities of the said steel pipe in position that said sidewall friction tube belongs to, crossbeam is set; Said beam vertical is in said sidewall friction tube, and across in the sidewall friction tube, being driven by said sidewall friction tube; The upper side edge of said crossbeam contacts the contact of said second pressure sensor.
4. home position testing method that utilizes the geotechnical body in-situ test equipment of claim 1, it comprises the steps:
(1) before geotechnical body in-situ test equipment is installed,, said pore pressure gauge is demarcated earlier respectively with first, second, third pressure sensor calibrating;
(2) adopt pile press to do the equipment of exerting pressure; The end that sensor is set of said geotechnical body in-situ test equipment is packed in the anchor clamps of said pile press; To be clipped in during clamp equipment sensor and test department bit position are not set; Utilize said pile press that said geotechnical body in-situ test equipment is pressed into certain depth in the soil, shut down then, the straightening of geotechnical body in-situ test equipment; Start continues to exert pressure equably then; Depth to generator also is installed in equipment body appearance simultaneously; Link to each other with data collector; Each gives signal of data collector at a distance from certain depth, so that data collector every data that spread out of at a distance from the synchronous record of certain degree of depth first sensor, second sensor, the 3rd sensor and a pore pressure gauge when exerting pressure; Also synchronous recording deviational survey data with the video recording data;
(3) exert pressure when said pile press and reach preset operation pressure value, when perhaps said geotechnical body in-situ test equipment was forced into predetermined depth, said pile press stopped to exert pressure; Load when stopping to exert pressure with pile press is then pressed repeatedly above-mentioned geotechnical body in-situ test equipment again;
(4) observe at regular intervals between and record data and record in the above-mentioned steps (2); Increase the blanking time of adjacent twice observation gradually;
(5) utilize said pile press and said geotechnical body in-situ test equipment to carry out static loading test, in the process of static loading test, note the data of said first, second, third sensor, pore pressure gauge.
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| CN2010105398695A CN102011389B (en) | 2010-11-11 | 2010-11-11 | Soil body in situ test device and test method applying same |
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| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| WO2019158907A1 (en) * | 2018-02-14 | 2019-08-22 | Keltbray Limited | Multi-functional apparatus for groundworks |
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