CN106855568A - Model test apparatus and method of a kind of freeze thawing to rock slope with along layer near cut deformation effect - Google Patents
Model test apparatus and method of a kind of freeze thawing to rock slope with along layer near cut deformation effect Download PDFInfo
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- CN106855568A CN106855568A CN201710062492.0A CN201710062492A CN106855568A CN 106855568 A CN106855568 A CN 106855568A CN 201710062492 A CN201710062492 A CN 201710062492A CN 106855568 A CN106855568 A CN 106855568A
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- rock
- slope
- shaped ramp
- layer near
- near cut
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
- G01N33/00—Investigating or analysing materials by specific methods not covered by groups G01N1/00 - G01N31/00
- G01N33/24—Earth materials
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- E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
- E02—HYDRAULIC ENGINEERING; FOUNDATIONS; SOIL SHIFTING
- E02D—FOUNDATIONS; EXCAVATIONS; EMBANKMENTS; UNDERGROUND OR UNDERWATER STRUCTURES
- E02D17/00—Excavations; Bordering of excavations; Making embankments
- E02D17/20—Securing of slopes or inclines
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01B—MEASURING LENGTH, THICKNESS OR SIMILAR LINEAR DIMENSIONS; MEASURING ANGLES; MEASURING AREAS; MEASURING IRREGULARITIES OF SURFACES OR CONTOURS
- G01B5/00—Measuring arrangements characterised by the use of mechanical techniques
- G01B5/30—Measuring arrangements characterised by the use of mechanical techniques for measuring the deformation in a solid, e.g. mechanical strain gauge
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
- G01N25/00—Investigating or analyzing materials by the use of thermal means
- G01N25/02—Investigating or analyzing materials by the use of thermal means by investigating changes of state or changes of phase; by investigating sintering
- G01N25/04—Investigating or analyzing materials by the use of thermal means by investigating changes of state or changes of phase; by investigating sintering of melting point; of freezing point; of softening point
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02A—TECHNOLOGIES FOR ADAPTATION TO CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02A10/00—TECHNOLOGIES FOR ADAPTATION TO CLIMATE CHANGE at coastal zones; at river basins
- Y02A10/23—Dune restoration or creation; Cliff stabilisation
Abstract
The present invention relates to a kind of freeze thawing to the model test apparatus and method of rock slope with along layer near cut deformation effect, including the U-shaped ramp being obliquely installed, the bottom that the U-shaped ramp is located at the high-end one end of level is provided with jack, one end that the U-shaped ramp is located at horizontal low side is connected with buffer platform, and the buffer platform is provided with osculum；The periphery of the U-shaped ramp is provided with heater；Track is equipped with the top of the biside plate of the U-shaped ramp, multiple sliding seats are equipped with two tracks, the sliding seat on two tracks is corresponded and connected by crossbeam, the crossbeam is provided with multiple dial gauges, the problems such as present invention can be effectively improved existing apparatus and can not adjust rock slope with along layer near cut slope angle, can not simulate unfreezing and act on rock slope with along layer near cut, it is easy to operate, the advantages of monitor directly perceived, to instructing cold area's rock slope with along layer near cut estimation of stability and punishing significant.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to a kind of freeze thawing to the model test apparatus and method of rock slope with along layer near cut deformation effect, belong to geology
Engineering field, particularly Frozen-thawed cycled act on the test method to rock slope with along layer near cut deformation effect, it is adaptable to analyze China and tremble with fear
The rock slope with along layer near cut Mechanism of Deformation And Failure and stability study of cryogenic region.
Background technology
Rock slope with along layer near cut stability problem is one of common engineering geological problems of mountain railway process of construction, is also iron
One of major issue that road workmen pays close attention to.In the northern area of China, because the building railway cycle is long, that has excavated is suitable
Layer rock side slope often will be by multiple multigelation, because frost heave action deforms and stability to rock slope with along layer near cut
Influencing Mechanism is complex, and the experience without similar slope project deformation behaviour and estimation of stability is available for using for reference, therefore research
Freeze thawing turns into a urgent problem to rock slope with along layer near cut deformation effect.Using physical simulation experiment scale-model investigation freeze thawing
The influence to rock slope with along layer near cut deformation is acted on, has the advantages that easy to operate, monitoring is directly perceived, to instructing Stability of Slope In Rock
Evaluate and engineered treatment is significant.
At present, the research on unfreezing to the model test apparatus and test method of rock slope with along layer near cut deformation effect
It is relatively fewer, major part for native state, rainfall state or under cutting status rock slope with along layer near cut stability influence research.Such as
Chinese utility model patent " rock slope with along layer near cut sliding test system " (Authorization Notice No.：CN204882545U, Granted publication
Day：2015.12.16), there is provided a kind of rock slope with along layer near cut sliding test system.Such as Chinese utility model patent " concordant rock matter
Side slope light reinforcing structure " (Authorization Notice No.：CN201099861Y, authorized announcement date：2008.8.13), disclose a kind of suitable
Layer rock side slope light reinforcing structure, it be included in it is domatic it is upper in a row, the shear anchor arm laid in column, each shear anchor arm is by anchor hole
Penetrate in stabilization basement rock and anchor connection therewith, the connecting elements being arranged on domatic is fixed with the outer anchor head of each shear anchor arm and connected
Connect.Chinese invention patent " a kind of talus side slope Frozen-thawed cycled effect deformation physical model test device and test method " (is authorized
Notification number：CN104807975B, authorized announcement date：2016-8-17), a kind of talus side slope Frozen-thawed cycled effect deformation is disclosed
Physical model test device and test method, be adapted to northern China extremely cold area talus breakage mechanism of slope distortion analysis and
Stability study.
At present, in existing rock slope with along layer near cut model test, influence of the unfreezing to rock slope with along layer near cut is not considered, and
The slope angle of rock side slope can not be adjusted, therefore influence of the freeze thawing special operation condition to rock slope with along layer near cut deformation failure can not be carried out.
The content of the invention
The technical problems to be solved by the invention are to provide a kind of model examination of freeze thawing to rock slope with along layer near cut deformation effect
Experiment device and method, can be effectively improved existing apparatus can not adjust rock slope with along layer near cut slope angle, can not simulate unfreezing to suitable
The problems such as layer rock side slope is acted on.
The technical scheme that the present invention solves above-mentioned technical problem is as follows：A kind of freeze thawing is to rock slope with along layer near cut deformation effect
Model test apparatus, including the U-shaped ramp being obliquely installed, the bottom that the U-shaped ramp is located at the high-end one end of level are provided with use
In the jack for lifting the U-shaped ramp, one end that the U-shaped ramp is located at horizontal low side is connected with and open or close for beating
The buffer platform of the U-shaped ramp end is closed, the buffer platform is provided with the osculum through the buffer platform；The U
The periphery of type ramp is provided with heater；The biside plate along the U-shaped ramp is equipped with the top of the biside plate of the U-shaped ramp
The track that length direction extends, multiple is equipped with two tracks can be slided and can be fixed on along the track length direction
Sliding seat on the track, the sliding seat on two tracks is corresponded and connected by crossbeam, on the crossbeam
It is provided with multiple dial gauges.
The beneficial effects of the invention are as follows：The present invention can be effectively improved existing apparatus can not adjust rock slope with along layer near cut slope angle,
It is easy to operate, the advantages of monitor directly perceived the problems such as unfreezing can not being simulated rock slope with along layer near cut is acted on, it is adaptable in northeast
Physical simulation experiment of the freeze thawing to rock slope with along layer near cut deformation effect is simulated in area, to instructing cold area's rock slope with along layer near cut stability
Evaluate and punish and be significant.
On the basis of above-mentioned technical proposal, the present invention can also do following improvement.
Further, the crossbeam is metal beam, and the dial gauge is fixed on the crossbeam by electromagnet.
Beneficial effect using above-mentioned further scheme is：The dial gauge is fixed using electromagnet, can be convenient
The installation and removal of dial gauge.
Further, the heater is iodine-tungsten lamp.
Beneficial effect using above-mentioned further scheme is：Heater uses iodine-tungsten lamp, as needed regulation heating temperature
Degree.
Further, the U-shaped ramp is fixed with along the U-shaped ramp length direction positioned at the bottom of the high-end one end of level
The very heavy top track for setting, is located in the very heavy top track at the top of the jack, and the top of the jack can be
The jack gliding in tracks.
Beneficial effect using above-mentioned further scheme is：The bottom for being located at the high-end one end of level in U-shaped ramp is set
Very heavy top track, during the piston jack-up of jack and whereabouts, the top of the piston of jack is slided along very heavy top track
Dynamic, increase jack adjusts the scope at U-shaped ramp inclination angle.
Further, the quantity of the very heavy top track is two, and two very heavy top tracks are on the U-shaped ramp
The center line of length direction is symmetrical arranged, two very heavy top track correspondence two jack of connection.
Beneficial effect using above-mentioned further scheme is：The bottom for being located at the high-end one end of level in U-shaped ramp is set
Two very heavy top tracks, can ensure that and lifted during the U-shaped ramp of jack-up U-shaped ramp energy held stationary.
Further, the U-shaped ramp is equipped with to be fixed by concrete pedestal positioned at the both sides of one end of horizontal low side and set
The bearing put, two bearing parts are provided with connecting shaft, and the two ends of the connecting shaft are respectively provided on two bearings, described
Connecting shaft is passed through and is fixedly connected with one end of the buffer platform.
Beneficial effect using above-mentioned further scheme is：Drive buffer platform to rotate by connecting shaft, realize to U-shaped slope
Platform is located at the closing and unlatching of one end of horizontal low side.
Further, two tracks are separately fixed at the top of the biside plate of the U-shaped ramp, and the track is provided with
T-slot, the bottom of the sliding seat be with the T-slot match " on " shape structure, the bottom of the sliding seat is located at institute
State in T-slot, the track is provided with multiple screws being uniformly arranged along the track length direction, and being provided with the screw can
The bottom of the sliding seat is fixed on the bolt in the T-slot.
Beneficial effect using above-mentioned further scheme is：T-slot is set in orbit, the bottom of sliding seat is arranged to
" ⊥ " the shape structure matched with T-slot, sliding seat can be moved in T-slot, and be positioned by bolt, simple structure,
It is convenient to slide.
Further, the track is provided with the scale set along the track length direction.
Beneficial effect using above-mentioned further scheme is：The setting of scale can facilitate the positioning of sliding seat.
Further, the bottom of the buffer platform is provided with the bearing for supporting the buffer platform, the buffer platform
Bottom be provided with the drainage tube that one end connects with the osculum, the other end connection gutter of the drainage tube.
Beneficial effect using above-mentioned further scheme is：The water that the setting of drainage tube will can be slided into buffer platform is carried out
Derive, facilitate water stain cleaning.
Further, the bottom of the jack is provided with the jack base for supporting the jack.
Beneficial effect using above-mentioned further scheme is：The setting of jack base can be supported to jack, and
And the angle that jack lifts U-shaped ramp can be improved.
A kind of freeze thawing to the model test method of rock slope with along layer near cut deformation effect, using freeze thawing described above to concordant
The model test apparatus of rock side slope deformation effect carry out model test of the freeze thawing to rock slope with along layer near cut deformation effect, including with
Lower step：
Step one, carries out Field Geology Investigations：By field macroscopic view geologic survey, is produced from the rock stratum for measuring rock slope with along layer near cut
Shape and depth of stratum；
Step 2, prepares slabstone and saturated clay：Determine the likelihood ratio of model test, it is determined that simultaneously used in pre-manufactured model
Slabstone size, it is prefabricated after the completion of be immersed in standby in 0 DEG C of water, prepare the clay of saturation；
Step 3, sets jack：The piston of the jack of the high-end bottom of the level of U-shaped ramp is set to increase, until U-shaped
Untill the gradient of ramp is equal to the inclination angle of rock stratum；
Step 4, sets buffer platform：The end of the horizontal low side of the U-shaped ramp is blocked using buffer platform, and
Osculum is blocked, in buffer platform towards uniform application butter in the one side of the U-shaped ramp；
Step 5, builds rock slope with along layer near cut：The uniform application butter on the two side of U-shaped ramp, on U-shaped ramp from
Under up arrange three layers of slabstone, the clay of saturation is filled between slabstone, be collectively forming rock slope with along layer near cut model, and in mould
Type surface at least determines 1 Monitoring Profiles, and carries out mark；
Step 6, sets dial gauge：Adjust position and the dial gauge of crossbeam so that the measuring head of dial gauge withstands on monitoring
Rock side slope surface on section and on the side of cap rock layer, and record initial reading；
Step 7, simulates freezing process：Sprinkled water on rock side slope, make slabstone and the abundant saturation of clay, keep model temperature
Degree makes model fully freeze at -5 DEG C~-25 DEG C, records each percentage meter reading；
Step 8, simulates deicing processes：Slew buffer platform makes to turn buffer platform and is horizontally disposed with, and removes butter, dredging row
Water hole, opens heater, indoor temperature is maintained at 10 DEG C~20 DEG C, the ice in model is fully melted, and records dial gauge
Each reading；
Step 9, simulation Frozen-thawed cycled effect：Repeat step seven and step 8, can complete the freeze thawing of rock side slope several times
Ringing, influence and destructive characteristics of the analysis Frozen-thawed cycled effect to rock side slope deformation.
Beneficial effect using such scheme is：This method can be effectively improved existing apparatus and can not adjust rock slope with along layer near cut
Slope angle, the problems such as unfreezing can not be simulated rock slope with along layer near cut is acted on, it is easy to operate, the advantages of monitor directly perceived, it is adaptable to
Physical simulation experiment of the freeze thawing to rock slope with along layer near cut deformation effect is simulated in the Northeast, to instructing cold area's rock slope with along layer near cut
Estimation of stability and punishment are significant.
Further, in the step 7 and step 8, when the deformation of rock side slope is smaller, the jack under U-shaped slope is made
Piston be gradually increasing, until sliding into buffer platform after Instability of Rock Slope, while recording each monitoring point under different gradient
Percentage meter reading, studies the deformation-failure character of rock side slope, calculates the stability coefficient of rock side slope.
Beneficial effect using above-mentioned further scheme is：It is gradually increasing by the piston of jack, rock matter side can be caused
Buffer platform is slided into after the unstability of slope, the percentage meter reading of each monitoring point, studies the deformation of rock side slope under record different gradient
Destructive characteristics.
Brief description of the drawings
Fig. 1 is top view of the invention；
Fig. 2 is side view of the invention；
Fig. 3 is rearview of the invention；
Fig. 4 is to build the model casing front view before rock slope with along layer near cut；
Fig. 5 be build rock slope with along layer near cut after, the model casing front view before frozen process experiment；
Fig. 6 is sliding seat and track, the front view of crossbeam；
Fig. 7 is connected side view for bearing with U-shaped steel plate box, buffer platform；
Fig. 8 is connected front view for dial gauge with steel crossbeam；
In accompanying drawing, the list of parts representated by each label is as follows：
101st, U-shaped ramp, 102, jack, 103, connecting shaft, 104, buffer platform, 105, osculum, 106, sliding seat,
107th, crossbeam, 108, slabstone, 109, very heavy top track, 110, jack base, 111, scale, 112, dial gauge, 113, heating
Device, 114, electromagnet, 115, measuring head, 116, dial gauge dial plate, 117, track, 118, concrete pedestal, 119, bearing,
120th, bolt, 121, square opening, 122, bearing, 123, drainage tube, 124, gutter, 125, T-slot, 126, screw.
Specific embodiment
Principle of the invention and feature are described below in conjunction with accompanying drawing, example is served only for explaining the present invention, and
It is non-for limiting the scope of the present invention.
Joint fissure in rock slope with along layer near cut is the migration pathway of underground water.In northern area, temperature is in 0 in the winter time
The charges for being rich in underground water below DEG C, in joint fissure freeze, volumetric expansion, and expansion power is produced to rock stratum, make rock stratum
In crack expansion；More than 0 DEG C is gone back up in summer temp, the ice sheet in the charges freezed in joint fissure melts, expansion
Active force off-load, crack retraction in rock stratum, underground water in rock side slope in joint fissure inner stuffing freezes and thawing
Process be referred to as the Frozen-thawed cycled of rock side slope.
Throughout the year spring, summer, autumn and winter be alternately present, produce a Frozen-thawed cycled for rock side slope, Frozen-thawed cycled for many years makes
Rock slope with along layer near cut bears frost-heave force loading-unloading effect repeatedly, and rock side slope will fatigue damage, last slope destruction mistake
Go its stability
In due to existing rock slope with along layer near cut model test, influence of the unfreezing to rock slope with along layer near cut is not considered, and
The slope angle of rock side slope can not be adjusted, the model test of rock slope with along layer near cut deformation effect is filled the invention discloses a kind of freeze thawing
Put and test method, have the advantages that easy to operate, monitoring is directly perceived.
Embodiment one
As shown in Figure 1, Figure 2, Figure 3 shows, the present embodiment includes the U-shaped ramp 101 being obliquely installed, and the U-shaped ramp 101 is located at
The bottom of the high-end one end of level is provided with the jack 102 for lifting the U-shaped ramp 101, and the U-shaped ramp 101 is located at
One end of horizontal low side is connected with the buffer platform 104 for opening or closing the end of U-shaped ramp 101, described slow
Rush platform 104 and be provided with osculum 105 through the buffer platform 104；The periphery of the U-shaped ramp 101 is provided with for ring
The heater 113 of border snow melt；The both sides along the U-shaped ramp 101 are equipped with the top of the biside plate of the U-shaped ramp 101
The track 117 that plate length direction extends, multiple is equipped with two tracks 117 can be slided along the length direction of the track 117
Sliding seat 106 that is dynamic and being fixed on the track 117, the sliding seat 106 on two tracks 117 is corresponded
Connected by crossbeam 107, the crossbeam 107 is provided with multiple dial gauges 112.
As shown in Fig. 2 the bottom that the U-shaped ramp 101 is located at the high-end one end of level is fixed with along the U-shaped ramp
The very heavy top track 109 that 101 length directions are set, the top of the jack 102 is located in the very heavy top track 109, and
The top of the jack 102 can be slided in the very heavy top track 109, and the quantity of the very heavy top track 109 is two,
The center line of two length directions of the very heavy top track 109 on the U-shaped ramp 101 is symmetrical arranged, two described thousand
Jin correspondence two jack 102 of connection of top track 109.
As shown in Fig. 4, Fig. 5 and Fig. 7, the both sides that the U-shaped ramp 101 is located at one end of horizontal low side are equipped with by mixed
The bearing 122 that solidifying soil matrix seat 118 is fixedly installed, two 122, bearings are provided with connecting shaft 103, the two of the connecting shaft 103
End is respectively provided on two bearings 122, and the connecting shaft 103 is passed through and fixed with one end of the buffer platform 104 and connects
Connect.
As shown in Fig. 6, Fig. 8, the crossbeam 107 is steel crossbeam 107, and the dial gauge 112 is fixed by electromagnet 114
On the crossbeam 107, electromagnet 114 is fixedly connected with dial gauge dial plate 116, and the measuring head 115 of dial gauge 112 is towards U-shaped
In ramp 101.At least provided with 9 dial gauges 112 connected with electromagnet 114 on crossbeam 107
As shown in fig. 6, two tracks 117 are separately fixed at the top of the biside plate of the U-shaped ramp 101, it is described
Track 117 is provided with T-slot 125, and the bottom of the sliding seat 106 is " ⊥ " the shape structure matched with the T-slot 125,
The bottom of the sliding seat 106 is located in the T-slot 125, and the track 117 is provided with multiple along the length of the track 117
It is provided with and the bottom of the sliding seat 106 can be fixed on the T-slot in the screw 126 that direction is uniformly arranged, the screw 126
Bolt 120 in 125.
In the present embodiment, applied for convenience of Liaoning Province Benxi Huan Ren counties field master worker-Huan benevolence railway great Qian Shi ridges tunnel exit
Work, a builder's road for leading to tunnel entrance is built from the foot of the hill, is formed on the inside of builder's road due to cutting slope and is about 500m's
Rock slope with along layer near cut, by field macroscopic view geologic survey, the inclination angle for measuring the rock stratum of rock slope with along layer near cut is about 30 °, and thickness is about
It is 0.3m quartzy sandstones.
Preferably, in the present embodiment, 2 rows are welded side by side in the bottom face of the highly larger adjacent one end of U-shaped ramp 101
Parallel steel grooved tracks 117, the gradient for rising steel plate box by the piston of jack 102 is 30 °, the bottom of U-shaped ramp 101
Face size is 200cm (length) × 100cm (width) × 1cm (thickness), and the size of two side is 200cm (length) × 2cm (thickness) × 25cm
(height), highly less one end of steel plate box is connected by connecting shaft 103 with buffer platform 104, and the size of buffer platform 104 is
100cm (length) × 35cm (width) × 1cm (thickness).
Preferably, in the present embodiment, set away from the about 2cm of connecting shaft 103 in buffer platform 104 row totally 3 it is straight
Footpath is the osculum 105 of 1cm, and drainage tube 123 is connected with osculum 105, and the water after thawing is introduced into the size of gutter 124 is
5cm (width) × 5cm (depth), while to drain the water oozed under connecting shaft 103, side wall of the gutter 124 in the direction of connecting shaft 103
Inclination angle is set to 45 °
Preferably, at least provided with 1 Monitoring Profiles on rock side slope, at least provided with 4 crossbeams on U-shaped ramp 101
107, the two ends of the crossbeam 107 are square, are arranged in the square opening 121 on the top of sliding seat 106, respectively positioned at U-shaped ramp
On 101 front portion, middle part, rear portion and the coboundary of U-shaped ramp 101, its middle front part, middle part, 3 crossbeams 107 at rear portion are along each
Section electromagnet 114 is at least connected with 2 dial gauges 112, for monitoring the bulging on rock side slope surface and sedimentation on principal section
Deformation；Dial gauge 112 is arranged according to the hierarchy number of rock stratum on the coboundary of U-shaped ramp 101, the measuring head 115 of dial gauge 112 withstands on
On the side of slabstone 108 near model coboundary, the relative slide displacement for monitoring different rock-layers.
Preferably, in the present embodiment, buffer platform 104 is highly identical with connecting shaft 103, is approximately higher than earth's surface 20cm and is
Preferably.
Preferably, in the present embodiment, 1 Monitoring Profiles is set on rock side slope, 4 crossbeams 107, crossbeam is set
107 sizes are 110cm (length) × 3cm (width) × 3cm (height), and the spacing between crossbeam 107 and crossbeam 107 is for 25cm~35cm
Preferably, 3 crossbeams 107 at front portion, middle part, rear portion connect 2 dial gauges 112, and 3 are connected on 1 crossbeam 107 of model coboundary
Individual dial gauge 112, totally 9 dial gauges 112.
Preferably, in the present embodiment, determine that the likelihood ratio of model test takes for the thickness of slabstone 108 in 1: 5, i.e. model
It is 6cm, 3 layers of slabstone 108 is laid altogether, the argillic horizon of saturation is filled between slabstone 108.
Preferably, in the present embodiment, 4 heaters 113 for snow melt are arranged on front portion, two of U-shaped ramp 101
Side, top, the horizontal positioned of heater 113, inclination angle should be less than ± 4 °.
Preferably, in the present embodiment, in order to further increase the lifting ability of jack 102, in jack base 110
Down there is provided 2 layers of billet.
When locally there is moderate finite deformation in experimentation, dial gauge 112 can be nearby set up, dial gauge 112 is with admittedly
It is scheduled on 101 liang of sides of crossbeam 107 or U-shaped ramp.
The present embodiment can be effectively improved existing apparatus and can not adjust rock slope with along layer near cut slope angle, can not simulate unfreezing pair
The problems such as rock slope with along layer near cut is acted on, it is easy to operate, monitor it is directly perceived the advantages of, it is adaptable to the Northeast simulate freeze thawing to concordant
The physical simulation experiment of rock side slope deformation effect, it is important to instructing cold area's rock slope with along layer near cut estimation of stability and punishment to have
Meaning.
Embodiment two
In the present embodiment, a kind of model test method of freeze thawing to rock slope with along layer near cut deformation effect is disclosed, including
Following steps：
S1：Carry out Field Geology Investigations：By field macroscopic view geologic survey, measure rock slope with along layer near cut the attitude of rocks and
If thickness degree.
S2：Prepare slabstone 108 and saturated clay：Determine the likelihood ratio of model test, it is determined that simultaneously used in pre-manufactured model
The size of slabstone 108, it is prefabricated after the completion of be immersed in standby in 0 DEG C of water, prepare the clay of saturation.
S3：Jack 102 is set：The piston of 101 times jack of U-shaped ramp 102 is set to increase, until the gradient etc. of steel plate box
Untill the inclination angle of rock stratum.
S4：Buffer platform 104 is rotated around connecting shaft 103：The uniform application butter in buffer platform 104, around connecting shaft 103
Buffer platform 104 is rotated, buffer platform 104 is rotated to the highly less one end of U-shaped ramp 101 and is connected, and block draining
105 mouthfuls of hole.
S5：Build rock slope with along layer near cut：It is yellow in the inside two side uniform application of U-shaped ramp 101 to reduce boundary effect
Oil, arranges three layers of slabstone 108 from the bottom up, and the clay of saturation is filled between slabstone 108, is collectively forming rock slope with along layer near cut simulation
Model, and at least determine 1 Monitoring Profiles in model surface, and carry out mark.
S6：The crossbeam 107 of steel is installed：Multiple is uniformly arranged in track 117 on the both sides plate top surface of U-shaped ramp 101
Sliding seat 106, is fixed on track 117, by steel by the quick alignment sliding seat 106 of scale 111 of both sides and with screw 126
Crossbeam 107 through sliding seat 106 square opening 121 and be fixed on steel plate with screw 126；Dial gauge 112 is installed：In steel
Crossbeam 107 on connect some dial gauges 112 with electromagnet 114, and the measuring head 115 of dial gauge 112 is withstood on principal section
Rock side slope surface and cap rock layer side on, and record initial reading.
S7：Simulation freezing process：Slowly sprinkled water on rock side slope, make slabstone 108 and the abundant saturation of clay, using northeast
The natural climatic environment in area, keeps model temperature about 12 hours at -5 DEG C~-25 DEG C, model is fully freezed, and record is each
The reading of dial gauge 112.
S8：Simulation deicing processes：Slew buffer platform 104 makes to fix bridle iron 119 and places on the ground, removes butter,
Dredging osculum 105, opens room conditioning, floor heating and iodine-tungsten lamp etc., indoor temperature is maintained at 10 DEG C~20 DEG C centres, makes mould
The ice of type fully melts, and records each reading of dial gauge 112.
S9：Simulation Frozen-thawed cycled effect：Repeat step S7-S8, can complete the Frozen-thawed cycled effect of rock side slope several times,
Influence and destructive characteristics of the analysis Frozen-thawed cycled effect to rock side slope deformation.
In the present embodiment, if the deformation of rock side slope is smaller, the piston of 101 times jack of U-shaped ramp 102 can be made gradually
Rise, until sliding into buffer platform 104 after Instability of Rock Slope, the dial gauge 112 of each monitoring point is read under record different gradient
Number, studies the deformation-failure character of rock side slope, calculates the stability coefficient of talus side slope.
The present embodiment can be effectively improved existing apparatus and can not adjust rock slope with along layer near cut slope angle, can not simulate unfreezing pair
The problems such as rock slope with along layer near cut is acted on, it is easy to operate, monitor it is directly perceived the advantages of, it is adaptable to the Northeast simulate freeze thawing to concordant
The physical simulation experiment of rock side slope deformation effect, it is important to instructing cold area's rock slope with along layer near cut estimation of stability and punishment to have
Meaning.
The foregoing is only presently preferred embodiments of the present invention, be not intended to limit the invention, it is all it is of the invention spirit and
Within principle, any modification, equivalent substitution and improvements made etc. should be included within the scope of the present invention.
Claims (10)
1. model test apparatus of a kind of freeze thawing to rock slope with along layer near cut deformation effect, it is characterised in that including the U being obliquely installed
Type ramp (101), the U-shaped ramp (101) is provided with for lifting the U-shaped ramp positioned at the bottom of the high-end one end of level
(101) jack (102), the U-shaped ramp (101) is connected with for opening or closing positioned at one end of horizontal low side
The buffer platform (104) of U-shaped ramp (101) end, the buffer platform (104) is provided with through the buffer platform
(104) osculum (105)；The periphery of the U-shaped ramp (101) is provided with heater (113)；The U-shaped ramp (101)
The track (117) extended along the biside plate length direction of the U-shaped ramp (101) is equipped with the top of biside plate, described in two
Multiple is equipped with track (117) can be slided and can be fixed on the track (117) along the track (117) length direction
Sliding seat (106), the sliding seat (106) on two tracks (117) is corresponded and connected by crossbeam (107), institute
State crossbeam (107) and be provided with multiple dial gauges (112).
2. a kind of freeze thawing according to claim 1 is to the model test apparatus of rock slope with along layer near cut deformation effect, its feature
It is that the U-shaped ramp (101) is fixed with along U-shaped ramp (101) length direction positioned at the bottom of the high-end one end of level
The very heavy top track (109) for setting, is located in the very heavy top track (109) at the top of the jack (102), and described thousand
The top of jin top (102) can be slided in the very heavy top track (109).
3. a kind of freeze thawing according to claim 2 is to the model test apparatus of rock slope with along layer near cut deformation effect, its feature
It is that the quantity of the very heavy top track (109) is two, and two very heavy top tracks (109) are on the U-shaped ramp
(101) center line of length direction is symmetrical arranged, two very heavy top track (109) correspondence two jack of connection
(102)。
4. a kind of freeze thawing according to any one of claims 1 to 3 is filled to the model test of rock slope with along layer near cut deformation effect
Put, it is characterised in that the both sides of the one end of the U-shaped ramp (101) positioned at horizontal low side are equipped with by concrete pedestal
(118) bearing (122) being fixedly installed, two bearing (122) parts are provided with connecting shaft (103), the connecting shaft (103)
Two ends are respectively provided on two bearings (122), the connecting shaft (103) through and with the buffer platform (104) one
End is fixedly connected.
5. a kind of freeze thawing according to any one of claims 1 to 3 is filled to the model test of rock slope with along layer near cut deformation effect
Put, it is characterised in that two tracks (117) are separately fixed at the top of the biside plate of the U-shaped ramp (101), described
Track (117) is provided with T-slot (125), the bottom of the sliding seat (106) be with the T-slot (125) match " on "
Shape structure, the bottom of the sliding seat (106) is located in the T-slot (125), and the track (117) is provided with multiple along institute
The screw (126) that track (117) length direction is uniformly arranged is stated, interior being provided with of the screw (126) can be by the sliding seat (106)
Bottom be fixed on bolt (119) in the T-slot (125).
6. a kind of freeze thawing according to claim 5 is to the model test apparatus of rock slope with along layer near cut deformation effect, its feature
It is that the track (117) is provided with the scale (111) set along the track (117) length direction.
7. a kind of freeze thawing according to any one of claims 1 to 3 is filled to the model test of rock slope with along layer near cut deformation effect
Put, it is characterised in that the bottom of the buffer platform (104) is provided with the bearing for supporting the buffer platform (104)
(118), the bottom of the buffer platform (104) is provided with the drainage tube (123) that one end connects with the osculum (105), described
Other end connection gutter (124) of drainage tube (123).
8. a kind of freeze thawing according to any one of claims 1 to 3 is filled to the model test of rock slope with along layer near cut deformation effect
Put, it is characterised in that the bottom of the jack (102) is provided with the jack base for supporting the jack (102)
(110)。
9. model test method of a kind of freeze thawing to rock slope with along layer near cut deformation effect, it is characterised in that will using aforesaid right
Asking the freeze thawing described in 1 to 8 any one carries out freeze thawing to the model test apparatus of rock slope with along layer near cut deformation effect to concordant rock matter
The model test of slope deforming influence, comprises the following steps：
Step one, carries out Field Geology Investigations：By field macroscopic view geologic survey, measure rock slope with along layer near cut the attitude of rocks and
Depth of stratum；
Step 2, prepares slabstone (108) and saturated clay：The likelihood ratio of model test is determined, it is determined that simultaneously being used in pre-manufactured model
Slabstone (108) size, it is prefabricated after the completion of be immersed in standby in 0 DEG C of water, prepare the clay of saturation；
Step 3, sets jack (102)：Make the piston of the jack (102) of the high-end bottom of the level of U-shaped ramp (101)
Rise, untill the gradient of U-shaped ramp (101) is equal to the inclination angle of rock stratum；
Step 4, sets buffer platform (104)：The horizontal low side of the U-shaped ramp (101) is blocked using buffer platform (104)
End, and osculum (105) is blocked, in buffer platform (104) towards uniformly applying in the one side of the U-shaped ramp (101)
Smear butter；
Step 5, builds rock slope with along layer near cut：The uniform application butter on the two side of U-shaped ramp (101), in U-shaped ramp
(101) three layers of slabstone (108) are arranged on from the bottom up, the clay of saturation is filled between slabstone (108), be collectively forming concordant
Rock side slope model, and at least determine 1 Monitoring Profiles in model surface, and carry out mark；
Step 6, sets dial gauge (112)：The position of regulation crossbeam (107) and dial gauge (112) so that dial gauge (112)
Measuring head (115) withstand on the side on the rock side slope surface and cap rock layer on Monitoring Profiles, and record initial reading；
Step 7, simulates freezing process：Sprinkled water on rock side slope, make slabstone (108) and the abundant saturation of clay, keep model temperature
Degree makes model fully freeze at -5 DEG C~-25 DEG C, records each dial gauge (112) reading；
Step 8, simulates deicing processes：Slew buffer platform (104) makes to turn buffer platform (104) and is horizontally disposed with, and removes butter,
Dredging osculum (105), opens heater (113), indoor temperature is maintained at 10 DEG C~20 DEG C, makes the ice in model abundant
Melt, record dial gauge (112) each reading；
Step 9, simulation Frozen-thawed cycled effect：Repeat step seven and step 8, can complete the Frozen-thawed cycled of rock side slope several times
Effect, influence and destructive characteristics of the analysis Frozen-thawed cycled effect to rock side slope deformation.
10. a kind of freeze thawing according to claim 9 is to the model test method of rock slope with along layer near cut deformation effect, its feature
It is in the step 7 and step 8, when the deformation of rock side slope is smaller, to make the jack under U-shaped ramp (101)
(102) piston is gradually increasing, until sliding into buffer platform (104) after Instability of Rock Slope, while recording under different gradient
Dial gauge (112) reading of each monitoring point.
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